26 DERMATOLOGY I body language
MMETRY ASYMMETRY ASYMMETRY MMETRY ASYMMETRY a: aSyMMEtry nign mole is his mole isis MMETRY hisbenign benign nign mole ismole ASYMMETRY mmetrical. MMETRY ot asymmetrical. this benign mole is his benign mole is ASYMMETRY not asymmetrical. nign mole is mmetrical.
BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN bENiGN
MALIGNANT MALIGNANT MALIGNANT MALIGNANT MALIGNANT MALIGNANT MALIGNANT MALIGNANT MALIGNANT MaliGNaNt
A A A A A A AA
draw a line amole you draw line asymmetrical. ot asymmetrical. his benign is fnign you anot line mole is mmetrical. benign mole is draw adraw line hhis the middle, hrough the middle, ifline you draw a line you draw a ot asymmetrical. hrough the middle, mmetrical. ymmetrical. draw a line asymmetrical. hotsides the middle, o will he two sides will through the middle, hrough the amiddle, you draw line he two sides will draw a line h the middle, you draw line omeaning sides will it amiddle, match, meaning itit sides will the two he two sides will hrough the match, meaning hmeaning the middle, o sides will hrough the middle, it metrical. symmetrical. match, twomeaning sides willit meaning it she symmetrical. o sides meaning it match, he two will sides will metrical. smetrical. symmetrical. match, meaning it meaning it is symmetrical. match, meaning it smetrical. symmetrical. s symmetrical.
of sunscreen to the protection ratio
DER ORDER BORDER DER b: bordEr BORDER gn mole has benign mole has DER A benign mole has gn mole has A benign mole has BORDER h, even DER mooth, even A benign mole has BORDER mooth, even gn mole has smooth, even h, even
The borders of an of an The Theborders borders of an sunscreen (SPF) is an exponenThe borders of an of early melanoma early melanoma The borders an early melanoma The borders of an of early to melanoma tial relationship. This means that tend be uneven. tend to be uneven. early melanoma The of an tend to bean uneven. the borders ofborders an The borders of early melanoma The borders of anamount of sunscreen applied tend to be uneven. The edges may be The edges may be the tend to be uneven. early melanoma The edges may be early melanoma early melanoma tendedges to beor uneven. early melanoma The may be notched. scalloped scalloped The edges may tend tonotched. beor uneven. tend to edges be uneven. scalloped or notched. tend to beor uneven. bybethe average person that has an The may tend tonotched. bebe uneven. scalloped scalloped or notched. The edges may be the edges mayor benotched. The edges may be scalloped The edges may be16 actually provides a sun proSPF scalloped or notched. scalloped or or notched. scalloped scalloped or notched. tection factor of two, while SPF 33
B B B B B B BB
s,benign unlikeunlike orders, mooth, even A mole has borders, unlike gn mole has even A mole has unlike borders, s,benign unlike eh, on theoneven he one the orders, unlike mooth, he one on the h, even s, unlike mooth, even a malignant melaete on the page. page. pposite he one the orders, unlike opposite page. s,on unlike ers, theon noma. orders, unlike te page. pposite page. he one the ete theon page. heon one on the pposite page. te page. pposite page.
notched.
C: Colour R OLOR COLOR R most benign moles COLOR enign molesmoles Most R benign Most benign moles are all one color— enign moles COLOR one color— R re one Most moles COLOR reall allbenign one color— color— often a single shade
C C C C C C CC
enign moles one color— single shade ften a single shade re allcolor— color— Most benign moles often aone single shade of brown. enign moles one Most benign moles single shade wn. f brown. ften a single shade re allcolor— one color— of brown. one single shade re all one color— wn. fften brown. a single single shade shade wn. ften a single shade f brown. wn. f brown.
d: diaMEtEr METER DIAMETER DIAMETERBenign moles METER DIAMETER molesmolesusually have a enign METER Benign moles moles DIAMETER have ahave METER sually enign molesasmaller diameter DIAMETER usually moles have ahave a
D D D D D D DD
rsually diameter maller diameter have a malignant ones. enign than diameter moles have amoles enign moles rmaller diameter alignant ones. han malignant maller diameter sually have a ones. han malignant have a ralignant diameter sually have a ones. ones. han malignant ones. maller diameter r diameter alignant ones. maller diameter han malignant alignant ones. ones. han malignant ones. E: EvolviNG
SKiNcANcER.oRg
VING VOLVINGcommon, benign EVOLVING VING moles look the same EVOLVING on, benign ommon, benign VING Common, benign over time. Be on the on, benign EVOLVING ook the same VING moles look the same ommon, benign EVOLVING moles look the same on, alert when a mole ookbenign the same
E E E E
E E E E
me. Belook onbenign the ver time. Be on the moles the same ommon, over time. Be on the on, benign ook the same starts to evolve or ommon, benign me. on the hen alook mole ert Be when athe mole ver time. Be on the moles same lert when a mole ook the same me. Be on the change in any way. moles look the same hen a mole o evolve or artsBe to evolve or lert when a mole ver time. Be on the tarts to evolve or me. on the hen a mole ver time. Be the o or on inevolve any way. hange in any way. tarts to evolve or lert when a mole hange in any way. hen a mole o or lert when a mole inevolve any way. hange any tarts toin evolve or oinevolve or way. any tarts to way. evolve or hange in any way. in anyin way. hange any way. Figure 1: ABcDE of melanoma
If youIfdraw a line a line you If youdraw draw a line If youthrough draw line protection, while one to three addthrough thisadraw mole, this If you line through thisamole, mole, If you draw amole, line through this the two halves will the two halves will ed antioxidant ingredients show no through this mole, If you draw a line the two halves will If you draw a line through this mole, If you draw a line the two will if you draw ahalves line not match, meaning not match, meaning the two halves will photo protection. through this mole, not match, meaning through this mole, increase the two halves will through this mole, not match, meaning through this mole, it is asymmetrical, itnot asymmetrical, match, meaning the two halves will itisis asymmetrical, the halves will not match, meaning two halves will the halves will it is two asymmetrical, a two warning sign for athe warning sign for it is match, asymmetrical, not meaning a warning sign for not match, meaning it is asymmetrical, not match, meaning not meaning a match, warning sign for melanoma. melanoma. Sunscreen application a warning sign for it is asymmetrical, melanoma. it is asymmetrical, a warning sign for it is asymmetrical, it is asymmetrical, melanoma. melanoma. a warning sign a warning sign It for is important to keep in mind melanoma. a warning for for asign warning sign for melanoma. melanoma. melanoma. melanoma. that the applied amount, or dose,
All colours of skin, regardless of race, should be using sunscreen. Naturally darker Fitzpatrick types have a lower incidence of skin cancer, but when MM is discovered in darker skin it is more advanced than on lighter skin, producing 2.5 times higher rates of death. Sunscreen protection is measured by SPF for UVB and UPF for UVA. SPF is a multiple of the time UVB needs to induce skin erythema. For example, if one develops visible redness in five minutes of sun exposure without wearing sunscreen, a SPF 50 will provide 50 times five minutes of protection, or 250 minutes. SPF is not a percentage of blockade of the sun’s rays. UPF is measured on a one to four star system, based on multiple
provides 4.4 protection factor. So it is best to use SPF with 50 or higher, that contains multiple Having a variety of Having aavariety of Having variety of Having a another variety of anti-inflammatory colorscolors is is another ingredients. Having a variety of colors is another Having a variety of A variety of colors is another warning signal. A warning AAof colors is another Having asignal. variety warning signal. Having a variety of Examples of sunscreens that meet colors is another colours is another Having aofvariety of warning signal. Adifferent number of different number warning signal. A colors another number colors isof another warning signal. Adifferent warning signal. A is colors isof another these criteria include Banana Boat number different shades of brown, tan shades of brown, tan of different warning signal. A tan shades of brown, warning signal. A number of different number ofnumber different warning signal. A shades of brown, tan or black could appear. or black could appear. SPF115, Neutrogena Full Spectrum shades of brown, tan number of different or black could appear. number of different shades ofcould brown, tan shades ofnumber brown, of different or black appear. A melanoma may A melanoma may or black appear. shades ofcould brown, tan Aveeno for Babies SPF60, Aof melanoma may brown, tan SPF100, orormelanoma black could tanshades black could shades ofappear. brown, tan A may also become red, also become red, A melanoma may or black could appear. also become red, ormelanoma black could appear. A may appear, as well as or black could appear. Epionce Ultra Shield Lotion SPF50 also become red, whitewhite ormelanoma blue. or blue. also become red, A may white or blue.may A white melanoma may also become red, red, ormelanoma blue. A white or blue. and Thinksport Livestrong SPF50. white or blue. also become also become red, red, white or blue. also become red, or blue. Sunscreens that maintain the white white or blue. white or blue. Melanomas usually are are Melanomas usually Melanomas usually labeled protection factor after 80 Melanomas usually are are larger inare diameter melanomas larger in diameter Melanomas usually larger in diameter Melanomas usually are aresubmersion in a whirlpool minutes’ larger insize diameter than the of the usually larger in dithan the size of the larger insize diameter Melanomas usually than the of Melanomas usually arethe are larger inthe diameter Melanomas usually are than the size ofpencil the eraser on your ameter than size eraser on your are considered very water resistant, than the size ofpencil the larger in diameter eraser on your pencil larger insize diameter than the of the larger in diameter eraser on your pencil (¼ inch or 6mm), but of a pencil eraser (¼ (¼ inch or 6mm), but eraser on your pencil than the size of the (¼ inch or 6mm), but than the size ofsize the to which Epionce Ultra Shield Loeraser on your pencil than the of the (¼ inch or 6mm), but they may sometimes inch or 6mm), but they may (¼ orsometimes 6mm), but eraser on your pencil they may sometimes eraser on your (¼ inch orinch 6mm), but eraser onpencil your pencil tion SPF50 and Livestrong SPF50 they may sometimes bemay smaller when first they sometimes be smaller when first they may sometimes (¼ or 6mm), but beorinch smaller when (¼ inch 6mm), but first may sometimes (¼ inch or 6mm), but Regular usage of an SPF be smaller when first detected. bethey smaller when detected. comply. be smaller when they may sometimes detected. they may sometimes be smaller when first first they may sometimes detected. first detected. detected. be smaller first be smaller when when first 30 or higher reduces the incidence detected. be smaller when first detected. detected. detected. of premalignant actinic keratoses WhenWhen a mole aais mole and isis atypical nevi, as well as squaWhen Any change—in When a mole ismole evolving, see a see doctor. evolving, mous cell carcinoma. When a mole isaadoctor. evolving, see doctor. size, shape, colour, When a mole evolving, seeisa size, doctor. Any change—in Any change—in evolving, seeisa size, doctor. When a is mole Any change—in size, elevation, When aormole For best protection, apply sunevolving, see a doctor. When a mole is Any change—in size, shape,shape, color, elevation, color, elevation, Any evolving, see a size, doctor. another trait, orchange—in any shape, color, elevation, evolving, see a size, doctor. Any change—in evolving, see a or doctor. shape, color, elevation, screen twice in the morning to cool, or another trait, or any or another trait, any shape, color, elevation, Any change—in size, new such or another trait, or any Any change—in size, shape, color, elevation, Any change—in size, or symptom another trait, or any new symptom such as new symptom such as clean, dry skin, waiting at least 30 or another trait, or any shape, color, elevation, as or bleeding, itching new symptom such as shape, color, elevation, another trait, or any shape, color, new symptom such as or bleeding, itching orelevation, bleeding, itching new symptom such as or another trait, or or new crusting—points bleeding, itching orany or another trait, or any symptom such as or another trait, or anybetween applications and bleeding, itching orminutes to crusting—points to bleeding, itching or as new symptom such to crusting—points danger. crusting—points to new symptom such as bleeding, itching orat new symptom such as crusting—points to least danger. danger. crusting—points to bleeding, or 30 minutes prior to going danger. bleeding, itchingitching or crusting—points to bleeding, itching or as recommended by worlddanger. outside, danger. crusting—points to crusting—points to danger. crusting—points to danger. danger. wide dermatologist organisations. danger. criteria; including prolonging time Sunscreen is always the last step for skin to increase pigmentation before foundation make up, but apand the average, or critical, wave- plied after a barrier repair skin care length blockaded by the sunscreen. product since sunscreen ingrediIn order to be considered “broad- ents bind to the stratum corneum. spectrum,” a sunscreen must have This binding is prevented if one is an SPF of at least 30 with UPF already perspiring. Wearing make of three-stars, according to the up with SPF does not provide adUS Federal Drug Administration equate coverage, but it does, none(FDA). Only four ingredients are theless, provide an extra layer of FDA-approved for broad-spectrum protection. designation, including zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, Avobenzone Skin barrier (Parsol 1789) and Mexoryl SX The second line of defence against (ecamsule), which are all available MM is a healthy, well-functioning worldwide. skin barrier. The two major skin A clinical study published in abnormalities known to induce 2011 showed that six or more anti- skin cancer and visible ageing, as inflammatory and antioxidant in- well as many common skin disgredients added to marketed sun- eases, include: screens do provide increased photo Compromised stratum cor-