Mahatma Gandhi Biography

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Mahatma Gandhi Biography: Mahatma Gandhi Actual name was Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. He also called as Bapuji, Gandhiji. He was born on OCTOBER 2nd,1869 at Porbandar, Gujarat. Gandhi was a Lawyer, Politician, Social Activist and also a Writer. He became the Leader of the Nationalist Movement against the British rule of India. He was a freedom fighter to our India. He got independence in our country by fighting with the British people. Gandhiji was the Father Of Nation. On his 150th Birth Anniversary [2nd October 2018]India Introduced a program called 'Swachhta Hi Sewa'Campagin was celebrated at Chanlang District.

EARLY LIFE & FAMILY: *FATHER: DIWAN KHARAMCHAND GANDHI. *MOTHER: PUTLIBAI GANDHI, She was a Fourth Wife to Diwan Karamchand Gandhi. *WIFE: KASTURBA GANDHIJI. Gandhi was married to Kasturba at the age of 13 and her age was 14 i.e, she was one year elder to Gandhi. They were married in 1883. Their family mostly trust the religion Hinduism and Jainism, they were pure vegetarians. Gandhi had Four sons they are: 1)HARILAL GANDHI 2)RAMDAS GANDHI 3)MANILA GANDHI 4)DEVDAS GANDHI * Harilal was born in the year(1888), Ramdas was born in the year(1892), Manilal was born in the year(1897), Devdas was born in the year(1900).

EDUCATION: Gandhiji did his matriculation at Porbandar, Rajkot High School. He was an average student. After his matriculation, he joined Shyamdas college, at Bhavnagar, Porbandar, Gujarat. At the age of 19, he went to England to study Law at the University College Of 1/8

Law. And he did his Barrister in London. Later after completion of his degree, he started to work and he went to Mumbai and he worked them for several years. Gandhi as he was a Lawyer he solved many cases. After that, he went to South Africa. Gandhiji Nominated Five times for the Noble Prize[1937-1948].

MOVEMENTS: *1893 - Gandhiji went to South Africa for the 1st time. During his train journey, he faced the situation that he actually reserved for First class Ticket but the Britisher scolded him to go and sit in the Third class because of the only reason that he was Indian. He finds a job at Abdula Company As Legal Advisor. The reason By facing this situation again Gandhi returned to India in 1894. *1894 - After returning to India. He gathered with the people of 800 and started the discussion about the train Incident. *1893 - Annie Besant came from Ireland to India. *1893 - Chicago Parliament meeting. At that Vivekananda attended the parliament. *1903 - International Printing Press Founded by Mahatma Gandhi.

GANDHI ERA[1920-1947]: * 1920-1922 - Non-Cooperation Movement.

The Non-Cooperation Movement was started on 1st August 1920. The Aim of the period was self-governance. This movement was withdrawn because of the Chauri Chaura incident. The tool of the Movement was Non-Violent Means. * 1922 FEBRUARY 5th - Chauri-Chaura Movement in Uttar Pradesh, Gorakhpur district on 1922 Feb 5th. Bhagwan Ahir was the Pioneer of the Chauri Chaura incident.

During this movement they pass a Circular Note.it is also known for Dal and Gud (Pulses and Jaggery)Mandi. They did a rally for this movement. The police were Charged on them 2 important people were injured during these incident 1)Ambica Rai Chowdary. Assam Kesari was the Title given to him during this incident.

2)Bhagavan. He was a Poet. * After this incident, the Indian people gathered and discussed about the NonCooperation Movement. At Vardha place they decided to stop the movement because of 22 Indian police were died. In the name of WARDHA, there is a scheme for aim there should be compulsory education in primary schools that only in Regional languages. This scheme target is for demanding on Regional languages. * There are two types of people one is Pro-changers and another is No-changers.

Pro-changers people Hate Gandhi and No-changers people Love Gandhi. * Followers of Gandhiji: 1)C.R.DAS[CHITTARANJAN DAS] 2)MOTILAL NEHRU 3)VITALBHAI PATEL 4)SUBHASH CHANDRA BOSE(He was the student of C.R.DAS.) *GAYA[Bihar]- Indian National Congress Meeting was held at this place. *At that Meeting ALL INDIA KHILAFAT CONGRESS SWARAJ PARTY was established and the Main Founder of these party was C.R.DAS and MOTILAL NEHRU.In this khilafat means 2/8

for Muslim support and Swaraj means for Self-Governance. Due to no support from people this movement was failed. * 1923 - Elections were held for the movement for the Council. At the end of elections, they won with 40% seats and won and enter into the Council. According to the British Tradition, the opposition party will act as the speaker. First Nehru participated during the council before independence in 1924 and the speaker of the opposition party was Vital Bhai Patel. * According to the C.R.DAS status - 1726 Kolkata Municipal Cooperation started.C.R.DAS was the Mayor(chairman) and SUBHASH CHANDRA BOSE was the CEO. * 1924 - C.R.DAS died.

After the death of the C.R.DAS, the swaraj party people all were combined with the INC(INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS) * 1925 - CPI AND RSS parties were Established * 1927 - Simon Commission Came To India.A group of Seven Britishers People.7+1 i.e., 7 members + 1 chairman. Sir John Simon was the chairman of the Commission. About to study the constitutional reforms and make recommendations to the government. * 1928 - Simon Commission Go Back. Lala Lajpat Rai(also known as Punjab Kesari, the lion of Punjab) gave the slogan 'Simon Go Back'. * 1930 - march 12th - Civil Disobedience Movement in this movement Dandi march was done from Sabarmati ashram at Gujarat to Dandi with 78 people over 390KM. They reached Dandi on April 6th(March 12th - April 6th)Dandi march is also named as salt satyagraha, this act was to protest British rule in India. * 1930 January 26th - Republic day * 1931 March 5th - Gandhi Irwin pact, it was a political agreement signed by Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin(viceroy of India) before the second round table conference. It marked the end of the period of civil disobedience(satyagraha)in India against British rule that India and his followers had initiated with the salt march. *1942 - Quit India movement this movement was established on August 8th, 1942, during world war II demanding British rule of India to become an end. the Cripps mission had failed. Gandhiji gives a slogan " Do or Die " in his Quit India speech at Mumbai, Gowalia tank maidan. thousands of people were killed and injured in the wake of the Quit India movement. This movement was failed because its leaders did not present a clear plan of action. Quit India resolution was drafted by the Jawaharlal Nehru and moved by him During this period Jaya Prakash Narayan started a socialist party. Aruna Asaf Ali and Usha Mehta were the leaders of the socialist party. *1945 - Wavell plan *1946 - August 16th Jinnah rejected Gandhi's proposal and called for Direct action day. The violence on direct action day led to retaliatory violence against Muslims across India thousands of Muslims and Hindus were murdered and injured in the cycle of violence. *1947 - Gandhi, with Lord Louis Mountbatten, British last viceroy of India and first Indian Governal general for India. In 1947 August 15th midnight 12AM we got Independence. Important provisions of the India Independence Act. India coincides with British India was divided the religious lines. The partition of India was accompanied by 3/8

violent riots and mass casualties, in the displacement of nearly 15 million people due to religious violence.

On 15th August 1947, the first prime minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru raised the Indian national flag above the Lahori Gate of the red fort Delhi. On 14th August 1947, the independence day of Pakistan.

* TITLES OF GANDHI: Mahatma - Rabindranath Tagore Bapuji - Nehru Father of the nation - Subash Chandra bose

* LIST OF GANDHIJI MOVEMENTS WITH DATES AND YEARS: 1869 - October 2nd birth date of GANDHIJI 1876 - started his education at Rajkot, Porbandar in Gujarat.

1883 - Gandhiji at the age of 13, was married to Kasturba Gandhi she was 14 years old.

1888 - Gnadhiji First son, Harilal Gandhi was born on June 08th.

1888 - Gandhiji went to London to study LAW. 4/8

1891 - Gandhiji finished his barrister and applied for the job in Bombay high court.

1892 - Gnadhiji Second son, Manilal Gandhi was born on 28th October 1892.

1892 - On 24th May Gandhiji came to Bombay.

1893 - Gandhiji went to South Africa to search for a job.

1894 - He returned from South Africa. Due to the train incident but later again he fought

with the British people and went to South Africa

1897 - Gnadhiji Third son, Ramdas Gandhi was born on 4th May 1897.

1899 - Established Indian Ambulance Cooperation during the Boer War 1900 - Gandhiji Fourth son, Devadas Gandhi was born on 22nd May 1900.

1903 - Indian Opinion responsibility was taken by Gandhiji.

1903 - Gandhiji was arrested and put in jail for three months.

1904 - 'Phoneix settlement' was established.

1906 - His religion was completely taken to Brahmacharya.

1907 - Black Act Against was established in June.

1907 - First Satyagraha in World.

1909 - Hindu swarajya published in the paper,'Indian opinion'.

1910 - Leo Tolstoy established a Farm.

1912 - Gopalkrishna Gokhale decided to go to South Africa.

1913 - Kasturba Gandhi and others were arrested. And released after Three months.

1914 - Indian's Relief Bill was passed. And Gandhiji went to London to meet 5/8

Gopalakrishnan Gokhale.

1915 - Gandhiji returned to India.

1915 - PBD [ Pravas Bharatiya Divas] day was celebrated on 9th January.

1916 - Sabarmati Ashram was established at Ahmedabad.

1916 - Gandhiji attended the meeting at Lucknow, on 28th December about the Bihar farmer's problems from Champaran.

1917 - In April, Chamaparan it means Khatiya system the name of the problem.

Also known as First Satyagraha in India.

1918 - Gandhi did a Hunger strike for Textile workers in Ahmedabad about their salary issues.

1919 - Khilafat Movement.

1919 - Gandhi introduced a Papers NAVAJEEEVAN and YOUNG INDIA was published.

1920 - Non - cooperation Movement .

1922 - Chaura - chauri incident and withdraw the Non-cooperation movement on 5th February 1922.

1924 - Gandhiji started fasting for 21 days for Hindu - Muslim unity.

1928 - Draft Constitution of India was adopted on December 31st,1928.

1930 - Dandi March from March 12th to April 06th.

1930 - Gandhiji was arrested and taken into jail.

1931 - On January 26th, Gandhiji was released from Jail.

1931 - Gandhi - Irwin pact.

1932 - Gandhi again did fasting to separate electorate for the Harijans.

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1934 - Gandhi established an 'All India Village Industries Association'.

1936 - Wardha scheme was founded at the ashram.

1937 - Wardha scheme aim for education.

1939 - Gandhiji wrote a letter to Adolf Hitler.

1940 - Individual satyagraha was proposed during the congress working community.

1942 - Cripps mission arrived.

1942 - Quit India movement was established On August 8th.

1944 - Gndhiji wife Kasturba died at Aga Khan Palace.

1945 - Lord Wavell's plan was discussed with congress community members and also, the viceroy Lord Mountbatten declared the Simla conference a failure.

1946 - cabinet plan was accepted and the viceroy formed an Interim government.

1947 - India got independence.

1948 - Gndhiji died on January 30th.

In Gandhiji History, he wrote some books and established newspapers.

GANDHIJI BOOKS AND NEWSPAPERS: BOOKS: * The story of my experiments with truth - An Autobiography by himself written in Gujarati 1922 while he was in jail. It describes his life from 1869 to 1921. Later it was translated in English by Mahadev Desai. * Truth is God. * All Men are Brothers. * The Essential Gandhi. * Hind Swaraj and Other Writings. * Pathway to God. * Satyagraha in South Africa. * The Mind Of Mahatma Gandhi 7/8

* My Religion. * Non-violent Resistance.

PAPERS : *YOUNG INDIAN. *HARIJAN. It means "People Of God". *INDIAN OPINION. *HARIJAN BANDHU in Gujarati and HARIJAN SEVAK in Hindi.

GANDHIJI DEATH: Gandhi died on 30th January 1948. To attend the prayers meeting in New Delhi.

Nathuram Vinayak Godse was shooted to Gandhi. He used an Italian Beretta Pistol to shoot him. Gandhiji's Last words were "HE RAM, HE RAM".Around the IST 5:17 pm, he died.

Nathuram Vinayak Godse likes Hinduism, he loves Gandhi but due to the reason of Ahimsa he doesn't like and he Shooted Gandhiji. Later in 1949, Godse was hanged. * In 1982 a film was the story was written by John Briley. The story was produced and directed by Richard Attenborough. It was an epic historical drama film in English based on the life of M.K.Gandhi.The duration of the movie was 191 minutes. The movie was released on 30th November 1982.

Mahatma Gandhi Biography inspires too many peoples and I hope this biography likes to everyone and help in the know the great personal Life History of Mahatma Gandhi.

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