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которое прекратилось недавно) finished action that has an influence on the present (завершенное действие, которое имеет воздействие на настоящее) action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking (действие, которое случалось однажды, несколько раз или никогда до момента разговора)
The Present Perfect Tense is formed with have/has + a past participle. There are several situations in which we use this tense: 1) to talk about something that was true in the past, and is still true in the present, as in, "I have been married for five years." 2) to refer to something that happened at an unspecified time in the past, as in, "Becky has visited China several times already." 3) to talk about something that happened during a period of time that has not yet ended, as in, "I have gone to three parties so far this month." When used with "just," to refer to something that happened very recently, as in, "My mother has just arrived." When you see words like for, since, ever, already, and so far in a sentence, it often means that you need to use the present perfect tense. Present Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в настоящем времени ( have, has ) и причастия прошедшего времени смыслового глагола - Past Participle (III-я форма или ed-форма). Форма Present Perfect имеет временной акцент "до настоящего момента" и употребляется тогда, когда необходимо подчеркнуть, что результат некоего действия, случившегося в прошлом (не важно, непосредственно перед моментом речи или в более отдаленное время), присутствует в настоящий момент, например: I have lost the key. Я потерял ключ. (значит сейчас я без ключа) 39