Hydnotrya

Hydnotrya tulasnei and Mattirolomyces terfezioides (Pezizales) two hypogeous fungi that rarely appear in Greece George KONSTANTINIDIS Vasileios KAOUNAS

Summary: Two hypogeous Ascomycetes recently observed in Greece are presented: Hydnotrya tulasnei and Mattirolomyces terfezioides. Descriptions based on specimens found are given, accompanied by macroscopic and microscopic images.

Keywords: hypogeous fungi, Ascomycota, Hydnotrya, Mattirolomyces, taxonomy, Greece.

Ascomycete.org, 6 (1) : 1-4.

Mars 2014 Mise en ligne le 15/03/2014

Σύνοψη: Παρουσιάζονται δύο υπόγειοι Ασκομύκητες που παρατηρήθηκαν πρόσφατα στην Ελλάδα: Hydnotrya tulasnei και Mattirolomyces terfezioides. Δίνονται περιγραφές που βασίστηκαν σε ευρεθέντα δείγματα, συνοδευόμενες από απεικονίσεις μακροσκοπικών και μικροσκοπικών χαρακτηριστικών.

ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION

Introduction An intensive investigation of hypogeous fungi has been in progress in Greece since 2007, and there have been quite a few discoveries so far. Some of the items found seem to be fairly rare in our country, as demonstrated by the results of six years of research. This has led to the publication of several papers (DIAMANDIS & PERLEROU, 2008; KONSTANTINIDIS, 2009; AGNELLO & KAOUNAS, 2010, 2011; KONSTANTINIDIS & KAOUNAS, 2012) and, in some cases, the Greek collections helped to clarify certain important taxonomical issues (ALVARADO et al., 2011; KAOUNAS et al., 2011; ALVARADO et al., 2012). It seems that the species here presented are rare in our country because DIAMANDIS & PERLEROU (2008) have only reported one collection of Mattirolomyces terfezioides (Mattir.) E. Fisch.

Materials and methods Macroscopic characters are described from fresh specimens. For microscopic study, a Nikon Eclipse E100 trinocular microscope with plan achromatic objectives (4×, 10×, 40× and 100× in immersion oil) was used. Microscopic characters were observed from sections mounted in water for pigments and measurements; Melzer’s reagent, cotton blue, cresyl blue and KOH were used to highlight ornamentation; Congo red was used to highlight the walls of elements. Spore dimensions are based on at least 30 randomly selected spores, excluding ornamentation. Incidentally, Mattirolomyces specimens were discovered without the aid of hounds, while Hydnotrya specimens were discovered with the aid of hounds.

Fungus hypogaeus aut penitus hypogaeus, arrhizus, varius, globosus vel globoso-mammosus, tegumento levi, continuo, tenui praeditus. Aetate colore variat, initio amoene ochraceo-rubiginosus dein ochraceus cinerascens.

Caro lardacea aquoso-carnosa, initio pallidula albido-rosea, dein pallidula ochraceo-rubiginosa; venis aeriferis albidis numerosis se anastomosantibus variegata.

Exsiccatione summopere contrahitur.

Asci ovato-oblongi, non rare leviter incurvati, brevi pedunculo elongati, octospori. Long. 123, Lat. 55 microm.

Sporae sphaericae, maturae leviter luteolae, poene areolatae areolis plerumque exagonatis. Diam. 18 microm.

Fungi, Solani aut Helianthi Tubera plane referentes.

Immaturi vix odorantes, maturi odore graveolente ingratissimo notati.

Immaturi forsan a nonnullis esculenti judicari possunt; maturi tamen, ob eorum nauseantem ingratissimum odorem comedi posse haud credam.

Hab. In Arvis prope Testona (Moncalieri-Piemonte) hieme et ineunte vere non infrequens.

DESCRIPTION Ascomata hypogeous or semi-hypogeous, small, moderate to large, bulbous, irregular, with protuberances and grooves, whitish, clay-coloured, grayish, reddish to brown-blackish, smooth or rough,

Taxonomy Mattirolomyces terfezioides (Mattir.) E. Fisch., Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 5b VIII: 39 (1938).

BASIONYM Choiromyces terfezioides Mattir., Mem. R. Accad.

Sci. Torino, Ser. 2, 38: 384 (1888).

SYNONYM ≡ Terfezia terfezioides (Mattir.) Trappe, Trans. Br. mycol. Soc., 57(1): 91 (1971).

Fig. 1 — Mattirolomyces terfezioides. Collection 2013 from Attica, Greece.

Photo: G. Konstantinidis.

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vated or uncultivated soils, in sandy and alkaline soils under trees such as Fagus sp., Prunus sp., Citrus sp., Pistacia sp. and Robinia pseudoacacia.

STUDIED COLLECTION Attica, under Pistacia sp. in barren land field, 2.I.2013, leg. A. Poulos, det. G. Konstantinidis, conserved in personal herbarium GK 6465.

Fig. 2 — Mattirolomyces terfezioides. Photos: G. Konstantinidis.

A. Ascospores in cresyl blue. B. Ascospores in cresyl blue and KOH. frequently with cracks, diam. (1–) 3–10 (–20) cm, mostly without a sterile base. Peridium very thin, with thick-walled, diaphragmatic filamentous hyphae (5.6 to 7 μm diam.), fleshy, first whitish, then pale rusty to ochre-greenish. Gleba fleshy, soft, whitish at first then ochre-brownish or rusty with whitish, wide, sterile veins; taste very sweet and smell pleasant.

Spores globose, yellowish, sometimes biseriate, with large, fairly regular, polygonal meshes, (13.8–) 14.2–17.3 (–19.9) μm. Asci ovoid~clavate, 69–124 × 48–57 μm, with a small stem, 8-spored, non-amyloid.

Habitat: Ascomata grow hypogeously or semi-hypogeously, from August to January, inland on the mainland of the country, in culti-

COMMENTS The species was originally described as Choiromyces terfezioides

by MATTIROLO (1888), then transferred into the genus Mattirolomyces (FISCHER, 1938) and finally to TERFEZIA (Trappe, 1971). However, molecular works of PERCUDANI et al. (1999) and DÍEZ et al. (2002) showed the relationship between M. terfezioides and the other species within the genus Mattirolomyces E. Fisch. DÍEZ et al. (2002) observed different habitats for this species and demonstrated that species of the genus Terfezia show a preference for plants of the family Cistaceae, particularly Helianthemum, while M. terfezioides seems to be related to plants such as Robinia pseudoacacia and Ribes rubrum. Different habitats — Ficus spp. and Prunus spp. — are reported by ASTIER (1998), MONTECCHI & SARASINI (2000). The soils where M. terfezioides appears can be described as slightly alkaline or neutral, with thick humus 1, and variable phosphorus and medium to high potassium content. The species can also occur in artificial plantations of Robinia pseudoacacia (BRATEK et al., 2007). Due to its strong fragrance and its deliciousness, M. terfezioides has great gastronomic value. It is culti-

Fig. 3 — Mattirolomyces terfezioides. Photos: G. Konstantinidis.

A-B. Immature asci and ascospores. C-D. Mature ascospores.

1 FILIPPA (comm. pers.) reported to us that he collected this species in Italy, Piedmont (same region of the type-collection) under Robinia and Ficus, in both

cases without humus on the ground.

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vated in Hungary, but it only grows wild in the Carpathian basin (GOGAN et al., 2006).

Hydnotrya tulasnei (Berk.) Berk. & Broome, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., 18: 78 (1846).

BASIONYM Hydnobolites tulasnei Berk., Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., 13: 357 (1844).

SYNONYMS ≡ Rhizopogon tulasnei (Berk.) Corda, Icon. fung., 6: 61 (1854). = Hydnotrya carnea (Corda) Zobel, in Corda, Icon. fung., 6: 61 (1854); Rhizopogon carneus Corda, Icon. fung., 6: 61 (1854), non Octaviania carnea (Wallr.) Corda, Icon. fung., 6: 36 (1854) [= Hydnangium carneum Wallr.] = Hydnotrya jurana Quél., Enchir. Fung.: 262 (1886). = Hydnotrya tulasnei f. intermedia Bucholtz, Bull.

Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, 4: 337 (1905).

Fig. 4 — Hydnotrya tulasnei. Collection 2009 from Drosopigi Florina, Greece.

Photo: G. Konstantinidis.

ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION Depresso-globosa, basi plicata cribroso-porosa, rufa velutina; cellulis magnis, parietibus albis pubescentibus; trama rufa; ascis longis; sporidiis globosis, demum lateritiis reticulatis, non echinulatis.

DESCRIPTION Ascomata compact, irregularly spherical or lobed, sometimes with inward folds, ochre-reddish to brick red, 2–3 cm diam. Peridium generally continuous, but sometimes with slits through which the gleba can be seen, slightly pruinose. Gleba initially creambrown, later yellow-brown, with labyrinthic chambers covered with a whitish hymenium.

Spores globose, 20–30 (–33) μm diam., initially smooth and hyaline, in maturity ochre-reddish, irregular with almost hemispherical variable protrusions, 3.5–7 μm in height, mono- or biseriate or randomly arranged. Asci clavate or saccate, 140–250 × 30–85 μm, with a short stem, 8-spored, non-amyloid. Paraphyses slightly longer than the asci, hyaline, cylindrical and slightly widened at the top, septate.

Habitat: hypogeous or semi-hypogeous, occurs from April to October, at altitudes up to 1,600 m, in both broadleaved and coniferous forests.

STUDIED COLLECTIONS Drosopigi Florina, under Fagus sp., 27.IX.2009, leg. D. Kleisiari, det.

G. Konstantinidis, conserved in personal herbarium GK 4128.

COMMENTS The genus Hydnotrya has been reported with the orthographic variant Hydnotria by many authors (TULASNE & TULASNE, 1851; CORDA, 1854; HESSE, 1894; SOEHNER, 1959).

Recently a neglected species, H. bailii Soehner, has been revaluated after a phylogenetic study (STIELOW et al., 2010). H. bailii looks like H. tulasnei macroscopically and microscopically, differing morphologically by smaller and more rounded ascomata with strictly monoseriate ascospores, besides its shows a preference for coniferous trees and has a distribution in more northern countries, in contrast with H. tulasnei, which is associated with Fagus sylvatica, Pinus spp. and Corylus avellana.

Acknowledgements The authors are indebted to Despoina Kleisiari (Grevena, Greece) and Andreas Poulos (Athens, Greece) for the collections presented

Fig. 5 — Hydnotrya tulasnei. Photos: G. Konstantinidis.

Details of ascospores, × 1000. here. Thanks to Aggelos Papadimitriou (Xanthi, Greece) for editing and Nicolas Van Vooren (Lyon, France) for publishing this paper, and also to Carlo Agnello (Mesagne, Italy) and Boris Assyov (Sofia, Bulgary) for their decisive instructions and advice.

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ef George Konstantinidis Agiou Kosma 25, ΤΚ 51100, Grevena Greece manitarock@hotmail.gr

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Vasileios Kaounas Sokratous 40, TK 19016, Artemis Attiki Greece bkaounas@gmail.com