D
E
F
G
H
I
A. Granite 75mm thick being laid on a deep concrete base, London. Rigid, and expensive in embodied carbon and embodied energy, and, economically, it costs more. B. Often when poorly detailed the concrete base will lead to cracking in the decorative surface, Paris. C. Reclaimed concrete foundations broken up and reused as stepping stones, Venlo Floriade 2012, the Netherlands. D. Pre-cast concrete paving prior to laying, Paris. E. In situ concrete is prone to cracking even on high proďŹ le projects, UNESCO Noguchi Garden, Paris. F. Large-scale pre-cast concrete paving units laid in a simple grid form, Venlo Floriade 2012, the Netherlands. G. Bridge of recycled scaffolding planks, Wilde Weelde (Wild World) garden designed by Jasper Helmantel, Venlo Floriade 2012, the Netherlands. H. In the urban public realm coordination of below-ground services is crucial to avoid this situation in Belfast. I. Simple, coordinated detailing using pre-cast concrete walls and paving units all loose laid on a compacted sub-base. 7 The Future Recycling and everyday practice
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