INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

sustainable landscape encompasses a variety of practices that have developed in response to environmental issues. It is part of glowing global effort in the landscaping industry to create aesthetically pleasing landscapes. While improving and conserving the environment and saving money. It is that conforms surrounding it, requiring only inputs ex-water fertilizer that are naturally available with little or no additional support, it is self-sustaining over long period of time. Sustainable landscape initiatives aim to protect forests and other ecosystems which provide important services, while providing social and financial benefits. Following are components of sustainable landscape practices water- rainwater reduces flooding and erosion. Reduces water bills and demand on ground water. Grey water reuse - saving fresh water. Reducing the amount of wastewater entering sewers or onsite treatment systems. Soil-healthy soil is an important foundation for every landscape different soil have varying water needs. Plants- use of native plants benefits of using native plants include to local climates, less watering and maintenance. This paper aims to conduct survey for parameters of designing green spaces for sustainable landscape practices. To answer the research query comparative analysis of two sites will be done .one site is public garden of New York city and another site high point residential Grey field development. Both sites are of different climate.

definition of sustainable landscape- definition of sustainable landscape is not straightforward, not least because of the differing contexts in which it is framed. In relation to large scale exurban landscapes, an exaggerated, but not groundless, caricature is to contrast a “New World” view of something relatively pristine that sometimes needs ecosystem management with an “Old World” view of a palimpsest that requires the maintenance of traditional land-management practices to sustain subtle character distinctions. In relation to landscape architecture and planning, there is a professional subculture that interprets sustainability in terms of low impact, but physically and socially pertinent, design (Dunnett & Clayden , 2007) and a scenic planning subculture that designates and safeguards rural areas on the basis of “natural” aesthetic value (Brown et al.2005). The discourses of these traditions are often quite distinct and lead to varied interpretations of sustainability. They also differ in the degree to which landscape sustainability is anthropocentrically defined (as a resource underpinning human well being) or eco centrically defined (as a selfregenerative dynamic system). This essay analyzes what sustainable landscape might mean in practice, proposing some principles potentially relevant to a spectrum of traditions and geographical contexts. The author is grounded in the European context and acknowledges this bias; however, as Phillips (2002) has noted in relation to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) Protected Landscape Category V, such cultural landscapes/seascapes are by no means exclusive to Europe or, indeed, the “Old World.”

Dimensions of sustainable landscapes: environment, economics, society, governance, aesthetics

Sustainable development is generally considered to be at the intersection of environment, economy, and society, although these terms are now often expanded into phrases reflecting ecosystem services and limits, fair and durable prosperity, and health and social justice. Many authors also draw attention to a Selman: Sustainable Landscape fourth dimension of “political sustainability,” referring to governance mechanisms that continuously deliver sustainable development through the use of responsible science and economics. In the case of landscape, it is also uniquely important to

consider what might be described as “aesthetic sustainability.” Much of the justification for landscape’s importance has been its visual appeal, coupled with intuitive (and perhaps demonstrable) associations between visual harmony, ecological integrity, human well being, and place identity. The remainder of this essay reflects on how these five dimensions might relate to sustainable landscape. First, the environmental sustainability of landscapes has been strongly influenced by landscape ecology which is concerned with spatial patterns and processes (e.g., Farina, 2006). In the ecological perspective, a sustainable landscape would be one in which the green infrastructure—i.e., bio diverse network of habitat patches and corridors—is of sufficient size, quality, and connectedness to facilitate species’ life cycles, maintaining healthy and viable populations. The concept of sustainable landscape has developed largely in response to habitat fragmentation through land intensification; in places, it also reflects a reaction against wholesale land destruction through mining and industry where large semi natural areas are alleged to act as “stabilizers” (Hawkins & Selman, 2002). The relative importance of patch (habitat) size, the permeability of the fragmented landscape matrix, and the extent to which connected linear features improve connectivity for species movement have been much debated. In addition to the biotic realm, landscape sustainability has also been related to other natural environmental factors, notably the conservation of soil moisture and nutrient status, the integrity of water quality and quantity in surface and subsurface hydrological systems, and the influence of vegetation on the equability of microclimate and atmospheric carbon levels.

SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY: sustainable landscape and gardens are designed to reduce negative impacts on environment by removing carbon, cleaning air and water, sustainable landscape reduce consumption of nonrenewable sources and waste they also increase energy efficiency and restore habitats and have significant economic, social and environmental benefits. Main objective is to improve livelihoods or improved ecosystem services. Sufficient delivery of food and non-food products efficient use of resources. it requires less maintenance. Long lasting cost- effective. Sustainable landscapes are self-sustaining. Less watering required. It reduces water usage and no water run off or puddles. Use of green waste. Conservation of energy and resources. Use of fewer pesticides -by using native plants and trees with their own defenses against pests, sustainable landscapes don’t need harsh pesticides to survive.