Beyond Magazine Issue 13 Winter 2014

Page 48

C h o c o l at e i s a p r o c e ss e d , s w e e t e n e d f o o d t h at i s p r o d u c e d f r o m t h e s e e d o f t h e caca o t r e e . It h as b e e n c u l t i v at e d f o r at l e ast t h r e e m i l l e n n i a i n M e x i c o , C e n t r a l A m e r i ca , a n d n o r t h e r n S o u t h A m e r i ca . Its e a r l i e st d o c u m e n tat i o n d at e s b ac k t o 1 1 0 0 B C . T h e M e s o a m e r i ca n c o m m u n i t i e s m a d e c h o c o l at e b e v e r a g e s . T h e A z t e cs m a d e i t i n t o a b e v e r a g e k n o w n as x o c o l ä t l , a Na h u at l w o r d m e a n i n g " b i tt e r w at e r . " C h o c o l at e p l a y e d a s p e c i a l r o l e i n b o t h Ma y a n a n d A z t e c r o y a l a n d r e l i g i o u s e v e n ts . P r i e sts p r e s e n t e d caca o s e e d s as o ff e r i n g s t o t h e d e i t i e s a n d s e r v e d c h o c o l at e d r i n k s d u r i n g sac r e d c e r e m o n i e s . A l l o f t h e a r e as t h at w e r e c o n q u e r e d b y t h e A z t e cs w e r e r e q u i r e d t o p a y caca o b e a n s as a t r i b u t e . T h e T h e o b r o m a C aca o L . ( caca o t r e e ) c o m e s i n t h r e e v a r i e t i e s : C r i o l l o , t h e F o r ast e r o , a n d t h e T r i n i ta r i o , w h i c h i s a h y b r i d o f t h e f i r st t w o . C r i o l l o a n d T r i n i ta r i o a r e o ft e n r e f e r r e d t o as f i n e o r f l a v o r caca o b e a n s , w h i l e F o r ast e r o is considered to be the ordinary or b u l k b e a n f o r m ass p r o d u ct i o n . T h e English word “cocoa” comes from the S p a n i s h w o r d “ caca o . ” 60


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