January 2017
Number 27
BENV
National Veterinary Epidemiological Bulletin
-
COVEPI
Operational Veterinary Centre for Epidemiology Programming and Information -
CESME
National Reference Centre for the study and verification of Foreign Animal Diseases
BENV National Veterinary Epidemiological Bulletin
January 2017 Number 27
INDEX
EDITORIAL
The BENV as a tool for disseminating information
Dear readers, in this first issue of 2017, the Benv is presenting several interesting articles. In the section In recent months, an article shows the epidemiological situation of Avian Influenza: since November 2016, Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) outbreaks sustained by H5N8 subtype viruses have been reported in several European countries. Cases were identified primarily in wild bird population, although also the domestic sector, both industrial and rural, was affected in different countries. Numerous countries reported positive cases for HPAI H5N8 in wild birds: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Another article is focused on beekeeping and on the health status of bees in our country. In last decades beekeeping was affected by a series of health emergencies that heavily influenced beekeeping businesses. New parasites spread out as a result of trade and movements at intercontinental scale, while infectious diseases already known, occurred at a level of expansion and unexpected gravity: the “Colony Collapse Disorder”, the outbreaks due to Aethina tumida presented in previous number of the bulletin, the introduction from France of a predatory wasp, Vespa velutina nigritorax are some examples of the threats that the EU is facing nowadays.
-
EDITORIAL
3
-
IN THESE MONTHS
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N8 – Epidemiological situation in Europe 4 Beekeeping: a common good to be protected tenaciously 9
-
HAND ON DATA
Number of outbreaks reported by regions to SIMAN in 2016 Number of outbreaks reported by Regions to SIMAN in 2016 Animals involved in outbreaks reported to SIMAN in 2016 -
A LOOK AT THE MAPS
14 15 19 20
-
AROUND US
OIE activities on Antimicrobial Resistance
-
OFFICIALLY FREE TERRITORIES
28
CONTACTS & EDITORIAL STAFF
32
-
2 Index
24
The use of antimicrobial agents has increased global health, including animal health, which represent a key factor in increasing animal welfare, food security and food safety. But as time goes on, the success of antibiotics has been impended by the insurgence of resistant bacteria. In the section Around us, you can find an interesting article on the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) activities on Antimicrobial Resistance: the OIE is in first line for the fight against the development of resistance to antimicrobial agents and against the risk of losing or decreasing the possibility of threating human and animal diseases. The OIE has developed a wide range of international standards on antimicrobial agents which are regularly updated and reviewed to take into account the most recent scientific knowledge and research results. Also, during 2015 the OIE launched an annual collection of data on the use of antimicrobial agents in animals, in OIE Member Countries: the results of this data collection outlined a first picture on the use of antimicrobial agents, putting in evidence great differences in the use of antimicrobials, worldwide and by region, and the need of OIE Member Countries to be supported to implement a responsible and prudent use of antimicrobial agents for animals. Regarding the data on outbreaks, in the Maps and Hand on data section, you can consult the maps and tables with the data on outbreaks of animal diseases reported to SIMAN in 2016, the health status of the territories and the animal species involved in the outbreaks. We kindly remember you that the Benv is published also on Issuu, a web service for uploading digital documents (such as books, magazines, newspapers). It is integrated with social networks to endorse the loaded material. Like most of the documents published on the internet, some can also be downloaded and saved. So you can find, display and download this and the previous issues also through the Issuu tool. Finally, we invite you to submit articles of interest in the section Submit your article, where you can find also the author’s guidelines. Enjoy a happy new year together with the Benv. Simona Iannetti COVEPI
3 Editorial
BENV National Veterinary Epidemiological Bulletin
January 2017 Number 27
Ireland, Italy, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom (Table 1). Table 2 reports the list of species affected in the current epidemic. The first outbreak of H5N8 HPAI in the domestic sector was notified on 4 November 2016 by the Hungarian authorities. The outbreak involved an industrial fattening turkey farm where clinical signs were detected in the previous days. Following the first case, outbreaks in domestic poultry were reported in several other countries: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, The Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden and United Kingdom (Table 1). H5 HPAI cases have been most frequently reported in fattening ducks and geese farms, especially in Hungary and France. The virus was also detected in other captive birds, including zoo birds (Finland, Germany, Hungary, Slovakia, The Netherlands), decoy birds (France) and birds of prey (Hungary).
IN THESE MONTHS
The main events of epidemiological interest in the last months in Italy and in the European Union
As for the H5N5 HPAI virus, the first case was detected in two tufted ducks (Aythia fuligula) found dead in The Netherlands (one of the two birds was positive also for HPAI H5N8). Further cases of H5N5 were also identified in Montenegro (a common teal, Anas crecca), Italy (an Eurasian wigeon, Anas Penelope, and a gadwall, Anas strepera), Croatia (two mute swans, Cygnus olor) and Germany (anatide). Furthermore, an outbreak of HPAI H5N5 has struck a turkey farm in Germany.igratory birds as a
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N8 – Epidemiological situation in Europe Background Since November 2016 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) outbreaks sustained by H5N8 subtype viruses have been reported in several European countries. Cases were identified primarily in wild bird population, although also the domestic sector, both industrial and rural, was affected in different countries. Between 28 December 2016 and 25 January 2017, the virus was also detected in both domestic poultry and wild birds in Northeast Italy. A HPAI H5N8 strain was previously reported in Europe in 2014-2015, affecting domestic poultry and wild birds in Germany, Hungary, Italy, The Netherlands, Sweden, and The United Kingdom. Nevertheless, although both the currently circulating strain and the H5N8 observed in 2014-2015 belong to the clade 2.3.4.4, they fall into two different groups, and showed different pathogenicity especially towards wild waterfowl (Pohlmann et al., 2017). In fact, out of 18 total cases detected in 2014-2015, 12 notified cases (66.7%) occurred in industrial farms; a single case (5.6%) was reported in a zoo; and 5 positive cases (27.7%) were detected in apparently healthy wild birds (Anas penelope, Anas platyrhyncos, Cygnus olor) (EFSA, 2014). Contrarily, up to 25 January 2017, on 949 total outbreaks caused by the currently circulating H5N8 HPAI virus, 393 (41.4%) were detected on wild waterfowl through passive and/or syndromic surveillance, indicating a likely higher pathogenicity of the virus for wild birds. As for the domestic sector, 556 outbreaks (58.6%) were reported, 68.3% (380/556) of which occurred in ducks and geese farms, and 16.1% (89/556) were observed in rural farms, while the remaining 15.6% (87/556) involved the industrial poultry sector. In addition to the circulating H5N8 strain, on 13 December 2016, a HPAI virus subtype H5N5 was detected in wild birds in The Netherlands, and afterwards also in other European countries, including Croatia, Montenegro, and Italy. The H5N5 virus has been classified as a reassortant of the circulating H5N8, and was initially found only in wild birds (https://www.wur.nl/en/article/Bird-flu-HP-H5N5-in-tufted-duck.htm). On 24 January, Germany notified the first outbreak of HPAI H5N5 in wild birds and the first outbreak in the domestic poultry sector. This outbreak, on a meat turkey farm, was the first outbreak of HPAI H5N5 in poultry in Europe. Although the two H5 currently circulating viruses seem to be related to the 2014-2015 H5N8 virus, they present some important genetic mutations, which were observed also in H5N8 viruses found in wild birds in Mongolia and Russia in June 2016. These findings suggested the likely evolution of the European viruses from those circulating in Mongolia and Russia, and their rapid spread indicates the key role of migratory birds as a vehicle for the virus (Pohlmann et al., 2017; FAO, 2016).
H5 HPAI: Situation in Europe The first case of HPAI H5N8 in Europe was confirmed on 28 October 2016 in a mute swan (Cygnus olor) found dead in the lake FehĂŠr, Hungary. After this event, numerous other countries reported positive cases for HPAI H5N8 in wild birds: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
4 In these months
Table 1. Number of outbreaks sustained by HPAI subtype H5 in Europe per country and per category: industrial, rural, captive birds (zoo, live decoy birds, birds of prey), and wild birds Number of outbreaks per country Country
Industrial
Austria
1
Bulgaria
45
Croatia
1
N.D.*
Czech Republic
Backyard
Finland
140 24
Germany
1
10
10
4
59
1
6
8
1
35
36
10
1
11
9
8
1
168
12
99
6
141
2
Ireland Italy
9
Montenegro
19
Total 5
Greece Hungary
Captive birds
4
Denmark France
Wild birds
1
2
3
3
4
6
1
1
41
1
51
13
7
39
Poland
2
2
15
19
Romania
1
7
5
13
Serbia
2
14
16
Slovakia
3
5
8
Slovenia
3
19
1
23
Spain
6
6
Sweden
1
1
12
14
87
87
Switzerland
1
1
The Netherlands United Kingdom
199
Total
445
10
25
6
2
232
89
393
12
949
* Not Determined (information on typology of farm was not reported) Updated on 25/01/2017.
5 In these months
BENV National Veterinary Epidemiological Bulletin
January 2017 Number 27
Figure 1 shows a map of the distribution of H5 HPAI outbreaks throughout Europe.
Table 2. List of the wild bird species involved in the HPAI H5 epidemic in Europe List of wild bird species and number per species involved Species Number Accipitridae N.D. Anatidae N.D.
1 628
Ardeidae N.D.
1
Black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus)
18
Canada goose (Branta canadensis)
1
Ciconiidae N.D.
1
Common blackbird (Turdus merula)
1
Common buzzard (Buteo buteo)
11
Common eider (Somateria mollissima)
1
Common goldeneye (Bucephala clangula)
1
Common gull (Larus canus)
3
Common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus)
1
Common pochard (Aythya ferina)
10
Common raven (Corvus corax)
1
Common shelduck (Tadorna tadorna)
1
Corvidae N.D.
1
Eurasian collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto)
4
Eurasian coot (Fulica atra)
2
Eurasian curlew (Numenius arquata)
2
Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo)
1
Eurasian magpie (Pica pica)
4
Eurasian sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus)
1
Eurasian teal (Anas crecca)
3
Eurasian wigeon (Anas penelope)
74
Eurasian wren (Troglodytes troglodytes)
3
European herring gull (Larus argentatus)
34
Falconidae N.D.
3
Gadwall (Anas strepera)
1
Great black-backed gull (Larus marinus)
12
Great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo)
4
Great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus)
17
Greater white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons)
4
Green sandpiper (Tringa ochropus)
1
Grey heron (Ardea cinerea)
5
Greylag goose (Anser anser)
5
Hooded crow (Corvus cornix)
2
Laridae N.D.
61
Lesser black-backed gull (Larus fuscus)
1
Little grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis)
3
Long-eared owl (Asio otus)
2
Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)
13
Mute swan (Cygnus olor)
192
Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis)
1
Numididae N.D.
2
Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus)
3
Rallidae N.D.
1
Red-crested pochard (Netta rufina) Tufted duck (Aythya fuligula) White-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) Whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus) Total Updated on 25/01/2017
6 In these months
2 187 11
33 1375
Figure 1. Geographical distribution of H5 HPAI outbreaks in Europe (up to 25 January 2017
H5 HPAI: Situation in Italy The National Reference Laboratory (NRL) for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease confirmed the first H5 HPAI case in Italy on 28 December 2016. The analysed samples were obtained from an Eurasian wigeon (Anas penelope), and tested positive for the presence of HPAI virus subtype H5N5. The bird was found dead in Grado lagoon (Friuli Venezia Giulia region – northeastern Italy) along with other two ducks of the same species. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the virus clustered with H5N8 viruses found in Europe, Russia, Mongolia, India e China during 2016, and it showed the highest similarity (99.1%) with two viruses identified in Poland in December 2016. On 5 January 2017, a HPAI virus subtype H5N8 was detected in another Eurasian wigeon found dead in the same area of the previous case. A further case of HPAI H5N5 was notified on 10 January 2017, on a gadwall (Anas strepera) found dead in Grado municipality in close proximity with the wetlands where the other two cases were found. On 21 January 2017, the first outbreak of HPAI H5N8 in the domestic poultry was confirmed by the NRL. The positive samples were collected from an industrial fattening turkey farm in Venice province (Veneto region) situated in proximity to a lagoon. The suspect arose after an increase in mortality rates was reported. A total of 20,500 male turkeys, 135-day old, were present at the moment of epidemiological inquiry, many of them presented severe clinical signs. Moreover, an epidemiological link was identified with another fattening turkey farm in Padua province (Veneto region). This farm resulted positive for H5N8 HPAI on 23 January, although phylogenetic analysis of the viruses suggested a different introduction for the two. On 21 January 2017, another HPAI H5N8 case in wild birds was confirmed by the NRL, on a whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus) found dead near river Natissa, in Gorizia province. On 25 January, the NRL confirmed a third outbreak of HPAI H5N8 in domestic poultry. The positive samples were taken from a laying hens farm (around 37,000 birds) located in Rovigo province (Veneto region), after the poultry showed clinical signs. Preliminary phylogenetic analyses indicate that the new virus did not group with the H5N8 observed in the two previous outbreaks, suggesting a likely third introduction of a AIV into the Italian domestic poultry sector in a very short time.
7 In these months
BENV National Veterinary Epidemiological Bulletin
January 2017 Number 27
Beekeeping: a common good to be protected tenaciously
Control measures Following the first detection of the H5N8 HPAI virus, measures including the enhancement of biosecurity were promptly enforced throughout the European Union, providing mandatory action to be performed, including the obligatory indoor housing of poultry, the ban of poultry markets, and increased controls on biosecurity implementation to reduce direct or indirect contact with wild birds in the domestic poultry (Pohlmann et al., 2017). Similarly, on 9 November 2016 the Italian Ministry of Health issued an urgent provision aimed at: (i) strengthening the control activities on biosecurity measures, in particular to verify the application of effective separation between poultry and wild bird, (ii) enhancing the monitoring of wild birds with possible AI infection, (iii) raising awareness on the importance of early reporting suspected cases. Besides these general measures, after the first H5 HPAI detection in Italy, further control measures to be implemented at a National level were provided in the Ministerial provision of 30 December 2016, including: (i) the ban of the use of live decoy birds; and (ii) sampling of turkeys, laying hens, fattening ducks and geese during the official inspection performed to verify the implementation of biosecurity measures.
The health emergency
References 1. EFSA, 2014. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A subtype H5N8. EFSA J. 12, 3941. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3941 2. FAO. H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) of clade 2.3.4.4 detected through surveillance of wild migratory birds in the Tyva Republic, the Russian Federation – potential for international spread. EMPRES Watch, Vol. 35, September 2016. Rome. 3. Ministero della Salute, 2016. Nota del Ministero della Salute prot. n. 0025636 del 09/11/2016 – Virus dell’influenza aviaria H5N8 ad alta patogenicità – Situazione epidemiologica in Europa e misure restrittive. 4. Ministero della Salute, 2016. DGSAF n. 0029861 del 30/12/2016 e s.m.i.: Misure di controllo straordinarie e rafforzamento della vigilanza permanente. Sospensione temporanea all’utilizzo in deroga dei richiami vivi appartenenti agli Ordini degli Anseriformi e Caradriformi. 5. Pohlmann A, Starick E, Harder T, Grund C, Höper D, Globig A, et al. Outbreaks among wild birds and domestic poultry caused by reassorted influenza A(H5N8) clade 2.3.4.4 viruses, Germany, 2016. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017 Apr. http://dx.doi. org/10.3201/eid2304.161949 -Edited by: National Reference Center for Avian Influenza and Newcastle disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (Padua), Italy
Figure 1. Mortalities of bees on newspaper
In last decades beekeeping was affected by a series of health emergencies that heavily influenced beekeeping businesses. New parasites spread out as a result of trade and movements at intercontinental scale, while infectious diseases already known, occurred at a level of expansion and unexpected gravity. The recent phenomena of mortalities of bees, to which the mass media gave great resonance (Figure 1), are the most striking evidence of a process of decline of bee health also due to environmental changes related to human activities (Carpana, Lodesani, 2014). From the autumn 2006, some beekeepers in the United States reported losses of bee colonies from 30 to 90% with symptoms not due apparently to known pathogens. Because of the severity of this phenomenon, combined with continuously detected symptoms represented by a gradual depopulation of beehives, the scientific community of the United States called the new phenomenon “Colony Collapse Disorder” or CCD (Ellis et al., 2010). Subsequent studies showed that the cause of the mortality of the colonies could not be attributed to a single factor, such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa, parasites, insecticide substances, but that it was due to the combination among these factors (vanEngelsdorp et al, 2009). The phenomenon affected also Europe: During 2012 ‐2014 years, the European Commission financed an epidemiological study to explore the phenomenon of the loss of bee colonies in 17 European countries (Chauzat et al., 2014). Italy is currently facing two new health emergencies: the first one was due to an exotic parasitic Aethina tumida (Figure 2) (Mutinelli et al., 2014) which caused outbreaks reported in Calabria region in 2014; in this context, the commitment of the Veterinary Public Health aims to safeguard national beekeeping from the progress of the infestation and to protect the economic interests of the farmers from the inevitable restrictions related to this situation. To this aim, a national monitoring plan against infestation by A. tumida involving the whole Italian veterinary services was put in place from 2014 and is updated yearly (Ministry of Health, 2016). The second health emergency for Italian beekeeping is represented by the introduction of a predatory wasp, Vespa velutina nigritorax (Figure 3) coming from France, where the wasp was accidentally introduced in 2005 from the South East Asian region (Haxaire et al ., 2006). This Figure 2. exotic predator, even dangerous to humans, arrived in Aethina tumida Liguria region in 2012. Currently, the monitoring network established by the Ministry of Agriculture, “Stop velutina”, reports the presence of V. velutina in Piedmont and Veneto regions (Stop Velutina, 2017).
8 In these months
9 In these months
BENV National Veterinary Epidemiological Bulletin
The risks for agricultural production and environment The severe affection of Apoidea in general and of the species Apis mellifera in particular, compromises the quantity and quality of agricultural production, as well as the safeguarding of the survival of plant and therefore of environmental biodiversity. According to data provided by the European Commission, the contribution of bees with respect to the European agricultural production is estimated to be at least 22 billion euro per year. This means that approximately the 80% of agricultural and plants production depends on the activity of pollinating bees (European Commission, 2017). The European food safe authority (EFSA), which deals with health problems of bees from few years, is currently studying a shared model for assessing the health of beehives. One of the latest activities undertaken by EFSA has been the establishment of a blog, #Efsa4Bees , which aims promoting the sharing of information among researchers involved in the fight against bee pathogens and pesticides (EFSA, 2016).
January 2017 Number 27
challenges, especially on the theme of the fight against the hive diseases. There is an urgent need of availability of new active drugs to fight varroa, as it is expected that those currently in use may develop resistance in future, as occurred in the past for many acaricide substances (Milani, 1999). The category of beekeepers should be properly formed and has to become aware on the importance of the application of the Good Practices in beekeeping, as it is now clear that the health of beehives could not rely only on the use of drugs (Formato, 2011).
Figure 3.
Vespa velutina nigritorax
Figure 4. The veterinary science for beekeeping
Veterinary Public Health and beekeeping In the past veterinary public services were not always able to respond adequately to demands of beekeepers, mainly because beekeeping, considered as a form of minor animal husbandry, is not foreseen by the training programs of the faculties of Veterinary Medicine. This, on the one hand left a wide space for other professions lacking of adequate skills to manage animal health issues, such as drug surveillance and food hygiene, on the other hand, encouraged the development of a strong tendency of Italian beekeepers, “d.i.y (do it yourself)”. Another consequence of this situation is a certain opposition from beekeepers to the choice of following the regulatory requirement for other livestock technicians, basing on an estimated peculiarity of this kind of animal husbandry in contrast with others . The result of this situation reflects, sometimes, the difficulty to create a dialogue between beekeepers and veterinarians, leading to the disruption of national beekeeping. The solution of these problems was given by the implementation of the National Beekeeping Registry, implementing Decree of 12 April 2009 of the Ministry of Health. According to the report of the Audit team prepared by DG‐SANTE in June of 2016 in Calabria and Sicily regions, in order to collect information on the bees health conditions, “the system of registration of the apiaries and their movements being implementation is a promising tool for the monitoring and control of bee health”. The same working group, however, identified critical issues, one of the most important related to a non‐systematic and timely reporting of outbreaks of bee diseases to the National Information System for the notification of animal diseases (SIMAN), which hinders the knowledge on the real spread of notifiable disease agents on the national territory and prevents the proper management of health and hygiene issues in the farms (DG‐ SANTE, 2016).
The veterinary science for beekeeping The competence of the veterinarian is an essential element for protecting bee health, as well as for safeguarding the health of the hive products intended for human consumption. Although it would be desirable to have a program of training activities coordinated at central level standardized throughout the national territory, this does not preclude that some successful activities may arise from single research institutions (Figure 4). It’s important to improve both the diagnostic capability of laboratories against infectious and parasitic diseases, and the identification of pesticides responsible for acute and subacute poisonings of beehives. Emergency protocols have to be identified in case of suspected poisoning of the apiaries allowing to promptly find poisoning substance as well as the source of contamination and, possibly, the responsible of improper use of pesticides. Scientific research must face important
10 In these months
Conclusions Bees are considered as one of the most important resources for the protection of crops, as well as warrantors of the equilibrium of eco systems that are the pillars of life on Earth. They represent a common good for humankind that has to be defended with determination from biological and environmental factors threatening its survival.
References 1. European Food Safety Authority (2016) 2. Carpana E., Lodesani M. (2014) Patologia e avversità dell’alveare. Springer-Verlag Italia ; Milan. Italy. 410 pp. DOI: 10.10071978-88-470-5650-3 3. Chauzat M.P., Laurent M., Riviere M.P, Saugeon C., Hendrikx P., Ribiere-Chabert M. (2014). A pan-European epidemiological study on honeybee colony losses 20122013 European Union Reference Laboratory for honeybee health (EURL), Anses, Honeybee pathology Unit, pp 32. 4. Commissione Europea (2017). Api da miele. 5. Direzione Generale della Salute e Sicurezza alimentare (2016). Relazione finale su una missione di informazione condotta in Italia dal 13 giugno 2016 al 17 giugno 2016 al fine di raccogliere informazioni sulla salute delle api. 6. Ellis J. D., , Evans J. D.. Pettis J. (2010) Colony losses, managed colony population decline, and Colony Collapse Disorder in the United States. Journal of Apicultural Research 49(1): 134-136. DOI: 10.3896/IBRA.1.49.1.30 7. Formato G., Smulders F.J.M. (2011) Risk management in primary apicultural production. Part 1: bee health and disease prevention and associated best practices. Veterinary Quarterly, 31:1, 29-47, DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2011.565913 8. Haxaire, J., Bouguet, J.P., Tamisier, J.P., (2006). Vespa velutina Lepeletier, 1836, une redoutable nouveaute´ pour la faune de France et d’Europe. Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 111 (2), 194
11 In these months
BENV National Veterinary Epidemiological Bulletin
January 2017 Number 27
9. Milani, N. (1999) The resistance of Varroa jacobsoni Oud. to acaricides. Apidologie . 30 (2-3), pp.229-234 10. Ministero della Salute (2016). Piano di sorveglianza per la ricerca di Aethina tumida sul territorio nazionale-anno 2016. Nota 0003096-08/02/2016-DGSAF-COD_UO-P. 11. Mutinelli F. et al. (2014) Detection of Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae.) in Italy: outbreaks and early reaction measures. Journal of Apicultural Research 53(5): 569-575 12. Stop Velutina (2017). Progetto Vespa velutina. 13. vanEngelsdorp D, Evans JD, Saegerman C, Mullin C, Haubruge E, et al. (2009) Colony Collapse Disorder: A Descriptive Study. PLoS ONE 4(8): e6481. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.00064814.
-Edited by: Luciano Ricchiuti Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”
12 In these months
13 In these months
BENV National Veterinary Epidemiological Bulletin
January 2017 Number 27
Number of outbreaks reported by Regions to SIMAN in 2016
HAND ON DATA
Region
Processing date: 9h January 2016 Number of outbreaks reported to SIMAN in 2016 Disease
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Aethina tumida African swine fever American foulbrood of honey bees
Jul
Aug
4 32
1
1
3 2
7 4
8
Antrax Avian cholera
8
1
3
4
1
1
Sep 31
2 10
Tot. Oct Nov Dec outbreaks 5 5
4
1
3
2
40 54 1
11
11
7
ABRUZZO
2 27
88
144
123
226
217
118
1
1
24
1006
Antrax
1
1
Bluetongue
14
1
Brucellosis of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats and pigs
3
Contagious agalactia
1
Echinococcosis/Idatidosis
4
Equine infectious anaemia
1
Rabbit haemorrhagic disease
1
1
2
1
3
1
1
3
3
34
27
30
35
30
17
9
12
18
10
3
247
Brucellosis of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats and pigs
43
59
60
65
77
55
38
27
49
50
45
24
592
Caprine arthritis/encephalitis
1
1
Chlamydiosis
2
2
Chlamydophila abortus infection (Enzootic abortion of ewes, ovine chlamydiosis)
Equine infectious anaemia
1
1
1
Infection with equine arteritis virus
1
1
Non-typhoidal avian salmonellosis
2
69
Rabbit haemorrhagic disease
2
Salmonellosis of animals
8
6
Contagious bovine mastitis Echinococcosis/Idatidosis Equine infectious anaemia
5
8
8
1 1
2
1
Equine rhinopneumonitis Erysipelas
7 1 4
1 2
2
15
3
7
1
1 1
1
3
3
1
3
5
6
1
1 1
6
5
1
2
European foulbrood of honey bees
1
2
2
Fowl pox
1
High patogenicity Avian influenza in poultry
1
3
2
1
1
Infection with equine arteritis virus
1
1
Leptospirosis
1
1
1 2
Low patogenicity Avian influenza in poultry
5
1
2
2
2
1
2
Maedi-visna
2 1 1
Mixomatosis
1
1
Newcastle disease
1
1
Non-typhoidal avian salmonellosis
1
2
3
2
Paratuberculosis
2
1
1
1
Q fever
1
2
3
2 1
1
2
6
1
1
Rabbit haemorrhagic disease
1 2
Salmonellosis of animals
4
4
1
2
4
7
2
2
2
2
Schmallengberg disease
2
4
5
1
1
2
3
1
2
1
1
1
4
3
7
3
5
1
1
1
1
14 3
4
21
14
39
2
3
Bovine leucosis
1
1
3
5
Bovine tuberculosis
4
8
3
6
21
Brucellosis of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats and pigs
22
23
17
10
72
2
2 1 1
1
3 1
1
1
1 2
3
3
40
1
BASILICATA
Bluetongue
3
33
Brucellosis of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats and pigs
4
7
Equine infectious anaemia
1
1
Scrapie
2
American foulbrood of honey bees
1
Erysipelas
1
1
BOLZANO
37
7
80
1
12
1
2
2
1
4
35
5
40
1
1 1
3
Aethina tumida
17
Bluetongue
6
5
24
4
39
4
Bovine tuberculosis
9
7
7
2
25
Brucellosis of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats and pigs
20
29
16
25
90
2
2
1
CALABRIA
Equine infectious anaemia
4
Erysipelas
4
Non-typhoidal avian salmonellosis
24
Scrapie
1 1
1
1
6
Bluetongue
4
49
1
Bovine leucosis
1
2
CAMPANIA
1
93
1
7
153 3
Bovine tuberculosis
8
5
6
3
22
12
Brucellosis of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats and pigs
25
32
16
18
91
17
Equine infectious anaemia
1
1
2
4
27
1
17
1 4
1
1
4 1
1 1
2
3 1
1
29
1
1
Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS)
14 Hand on data
2
6 1
2
Symptomatic anthrax
West Nile Disease
1
2
Swine vescicular disease Trichinellosis
2
5
Scrapie
1
Malignant catarrhal fever
1
Antrax
6
1
4
7
14
1
High patogenicity Avian influenza in wild birds
Scrapie
5
1
1
Echinococcosis/Idatidosis
5
1
Salmonellosis (S. abortusovis)
1
18 1
1
1
22
Contagious agalactia
4
1
Bluetongue
APULIA
Total outbreaks 1
Non-typhoidal avian salmonellosis
16
IV
1
Bovine leucosis
1
III
American foulbrood of honey bees
Bovine tuberculosis
Clostridiosis (Enterotoxemia)
II
Bovine leucosis
38
2 10
161
Trimester I
Bovine tuberculosis
7
Avian infectious laryngotracheitis Bluetongue
48
Disease
59
48
4
1
3
133 15 Hand on data
BENV National Veterinary Epidemiological Bulletin
Region
January 2017 Number 27
Disease American foulbrood of honey bees
Trimester I
II
III
2
4
1 10
Bluetongue Equine infectious anaemia Erysipelas
EMILIA ROMAGNA
1
1
2
22
1
1
1
5
Fowl pox
1
1
High patogenicity Avian influenza in poultry
2
2
Low patogenicity Avian influenza in poultry
1 2
Disease American foulbrood of honey bees
MARCHE
Bluetongue Bovine tuberculosis
1
Bluetongue Brucellosis of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats and pigs
3
1
1
1 1
Schmallengberg disease
1
1
Scrapie
1
1
West Nile Disease
56
PIEDMONT
Bovine tuberculosis
1
1
Non-typhoidal avian salmonellosis
1
1
Paratuberculosis
2
16
16
West Nile Disease
2
African swine fever
1
American foulbrood of honey bees
1
Bluetongue
36
Caprine arthritis/encephalitis
1
Contagious agalactia
19
Erysipelas
3 2
1
Brucellosis of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats and pigs Chlamydophila abortus infection (Enzootic abortion of ewes, ovine chlamydiosis)
22
14
43
1
6
Leptospirosis
2
1
4
Maedi-visna
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
Contagious agalactia
SARDINIA
Equine infectious anaemia
2
3
Equine rhinopneumonitis
1
1
Infection with equine arteritis virus
1
Leptospirosis
1
4
5
5
1
1
53
53
1
5 1
1
3 2
1 1 1 1
7
3
107
161
5
1
5
13
20
25
2
66
1 1 3
4
2
8 1
1 1 5
4
6 15
Newcastle disease Salmonellosis (S. abortusovis)
4 2
1
Paratuberculosis
5 1
1 2
1
2
1
3
1
Bovine tuberculosis
1
1
1
Bovine leucosis
8
Scrapie
1 3
6
Schmallengberg disease
Antrax
4
2
1
57
Total outbreaks 1
Salmonellosis of animals
1
IV
1
American foulbrood of honey bees Bluetongue
2
Non-typhoidal avian salmonellosis
MOLISE
III
1
American foulbrood of honey bees
Rabbit haemorrhagic disease
1
II
2 1
1
I
1
1
2
Trimester
3
Paratuberculosis
1
Region
Bovine tuberculosis
1
Non-typhoidal avian salmonellosis
Low patogenicity Avian influenza in poultry
1
1
2 1
1
Salmonellosis of animals
1
14
Scrapie
2
2
Swine vescicular disease
1
6 1
2
1
5 1
1
Symptomatic anthrax
1
5
Trichinellosis
Malignant catarrhal fever
1
1
West Nile Disease
Non-typhoidal avian salmonellosis
1
1
Aethina tumida
5
Rabbit haemorrhagic disease
1
1
Antrax
2
2
4
4
Bluetongue
39
11
86
1
Bovine leucosis
Salmonellosis (S. abortusovis) Salmonellosis of animals Scrapie
3
2
2
1 1
West Nile Disease
1
1
3
1
1
2
1
1
Leptospirosis
1
6
Bluetongue
2
2
Bovine tuberculosis
1
1
Equine infectious anaemia
1
1
American foulbrood of honey bees
1
Equine rhinopneumonitis
4
2
Erysipelas
1
European foulbrood of honey bees Leptospirosis
1
1
2
1
Salmonellosis of animals Scrapie West Nile Disease
1
1
5
1
4
5
2
3
15
15
23
2
4 2
5 5
1
1
57
70
16
17
160
Brucellosis of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats and pigs
85
104
64
63
316
Clostridiosis (Enterotoxemia) Contagious agalactia
1
1
1
1 1 1
1 1
1 1
1
2
Salmonellosis of animals
3 3
3
Scrapie
1
2
3
American foulbrood of honey bees
1
11
12
Bluetongue Contagious bovine mastitis
TRENTO
1
Bovine tuberculosis
Rabbit haemorrhagic disease
2
1
13
Non-typhoidal avian salmonellosis
2
3
1 1
Mixomatosis
3
3
1 3
Infection with equine arteritis virus
1 2
Mixomatosis Non-typhoidal avian salmonellosis
1
1 1
SICILY
2
Low patogenicity Avian influenza in poultry
16 Hand on data
12
1
FRIULI VENEZIA Chlamydiosis GIULIA High patogenicity Avian influenza in wild birds
LOMBARDY
7
1
Bluetongue
LIGURIA
Total outbreaks
European foulbrood of honey bees
Salmonellosis (S. abortusovis)
LAZIO
IV
European foulbrood of honey bees
1 1 2
Paratuberculosis Rabbit haemorrhagic disease Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS)
1
5
6
1
2
1
3
1
1
2
3 1
1 17 Hand on data
BENV National Veterinary Epidemiological Bulletin
Disease
Region
Disease
Trimester I
American foulbrood of honey bees
II
III
4
1
3
Bluetongue
TUSCANY
UMBRIA
IV
Total outbreaks 5
31
Aethina tumida African swine fever American foulbrood of honey bees
34
Antrax
No. Of animal in the holding
Bees
3317
Suidae
565
No. Of diseased animals
No. Of died animals
No. Of culled animals
No. Of destroyed animas
338
0
3247
2430
289
127
432
545
Bees
696
234
30
269
286
Ruminants
1237
14
14
0
14 0
1
1
Avian cholera
Poultry
66
6
6
0
Equine rhinopneumonitis
1
1
Avian infectious laryngotracheitis
Poultry
258614
3100
3078
0
0
European foulbrood of honey bees
2
2
Ruminants
110437
5764
1073
0
629 0
Newcastle disease
1
Q fever
1
Rabbit haemorrhagic disease
2
Salmonellosis (S. abortusovis)
1
Salmonellosis of animals
1
Scrapie
1
1 1
1 1
1
3
Wild animals
20
1
1
0
1
Bovine leucosis
Ruminants
1263
19
0
8
6
5
Bovine tuberculosis
Ruminants
16480
1706
13
414
144
1 1 1
Bluetongue
2
Brucellosis of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats and pigs
2
Caprine arthritis/encephalitis Chlamydiosis
Domestic carnviores
4
4
0
0
0
Ruminants
69973
10710
26
927
479
Ruminants
143
7
0
0
0
Birds
859
748
186
0
186
230
3
0
0
0
West Nile Disease
17
2
19
Bluetongue
6
3
9
Chlamydophila abortus infection (Enzootic abortion of ewes, ovine chlamydiosis)
Ruminants
1
Clostridiosis (Enterotoxemia)
Ruminants
163
1
1
0
1
2
Contagious agalactia
Ruminants
26491
4100
30
0
30
1
Contagious bovine mastitis
Ruminants
126
3
0
0
0
3
Echinococcosis/Idatidosis
Ruminants
1286
27
0
0
0
Equine infectious anaemia
Equines
448
62
1
5
6
Equine rhinopneumonitis
Equines
87
49
0
3
1
Erysipelas
Suidae
13721
52
18
12
28 13
Erysipelas
1
Non-typhoidal avian salmonellosis
American foulbrood of honey bees Avian cholera
1
2
1
2
Bluetongue
2 167
Erysipelas European foulbrood of honey bees
1
1
Avian infectious laryngotracheitis
1
1
218
385
1
1
1
1
1
Non-typhoidal avian salmonellosis Rabbit haemorrhagic disease
3
Salmonellosis of animals
1
6
1 3
1
West Nile Disease
27
Bees
80
13
0
13
Fowl pox
Birds
10258
50
1
0
0
Birds
49472
2170
170
0
170
Poultry
17500
700
500
17000
17500
Birds
5000
2
2
0
1
Equines
75
3
0
0
0
Equines
204
7
0
0
0
Ruminants
275
13
0
0
0 0
High patogenicity Avian influenza in poultry
12 1
Scrapie
European foulbrood of honey bees
Infection with equine arteritis virus
1 1
28
Leptospirosis
Suidae
8250
7971
0
0
Domestic carnviores
10
4
2
0
1
Birds
1316
50
0
445
374
Poultry
695
81
1
618
371
Maedi-visna
Ruminants
923
175
0
0
0
Malignant catarrhal fever
Ruminants
177
3
0
0
0
Lagomorphs
2014
208
158
56
211
Low patogenicity Avian influenza in poultry
Mixomatosis Newcastle disease Non-typhoidal avian salmonellosis
Birds
77
25
25
0
21
Birds
4150
4150
0
0
0
Poultry
811498
194621
100
39834
39804
Paratuberculosis
Ruminants
1429
43
9
0
9
Q fever
Ruminants
105
2
0
0
0
Rabbit haemorrhagic disease
Lagomorphs
30863
17220
16223
29
14163
Salmonellosis (S. abortusovis)
Ruminants
5568
154
7
0
7 0
Salmonellosis of animals
Equines
97
1
1
0
Poultry
10350
3350
0
0
0
Ruminants
4823
72
16
0
14
Suidae
6668
2016
16
0
1
Birds
400
150
40
360
400
Schmallengberg disease
Ruminants
176
4
0
0
0
Scrapie
Ruminants
12103
177
20
140
158
Swine vescicular disease Symptomatic anthrax Trichinellosis Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS)
West Nile Disease
18 Hand on data
Animals involved
Equine infectious anaemia
Salmonellosis of animals
VENETO
January 2017 Number 27
Animals involved in outbreaks reported to SIMAN in 2016
Suidae
22
1
0
0
0
Ruminants
27
5
0
0
0
Wild animals
4
4
2
2
4
Acquatic animals
80000
0
0
0
Insects
212
137
9
1
9
Birds
121
88
31
25
51
Equines
673
51
3
1
3
19 Hand on data
BENV National Veterinary Epidemiological Bulletin
January 2017 Number 27
A LOOK AT THE MAPS
The geographical distribution of the main animal diseases reported to SIMAN up 31th December 2016 Processing date: 9th January 2017
Aethina tumida
Bluetongue
-Geographical distribution of the outbreaks
-Geographical distribution of the outbreaks
Equine Infectious Anaemia
-Geographical distribution of the outbreaks
20 A look at the maps
Avian influenza high patogenicity
-Geographical distribution of the outbreaks
21 A look at the maps
BENV National Veterinary Epidemiological Bulletin
January 2017 Number 27
Avian Influenza, low patogenicity
-Geographical distribution of the outbreaks
-Geographical distribution of the outbreaks
22 A look at the maps
African swine fever
Swine vesicular disease
West Nile Disease
-Geographical distribution of the outbreaks
-Geographical distribution of the outbreaks
23 A look at the maps
BENV National Veterinary Epidemiological Bulletin
January 2017 Number 27
and the implementation of diagnostic protocols to better target treatments.
AROUND US
The main events of epidemiological interest in the last months in the European Union and in the neighbour countries OIE activities on Antimicrobial Resistance Background, key words Antibiotics, also known as antibacterials and antimicrobials, revolutionized the practice of humans and animals medicine during the second half of the 20th century. Antibiotics are essential for treating diseases in both humans and animals. Their availability and use has made possible the treatment of infections that once were lethal, saving human lives and containing diseases; in particular, animal diseases that are foodborne or directly transmissible to humans. The use of antimicrobial agents has increased global health, including animal health, which represent a key factor in increasing animal welfare, food security and food safety. But as time goes on, the success of antibiotics has been impended by the insurgence of resistant bacteria. In 2014 in response to major superbug outbreaks, the World Health Organization (WHO) released a statement noting that “this serious threat is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country”. [1] Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) refers to different microorganisms such as bacteria, parasites, viruses and fungi which can acquire partial or full resistance to antimicrobial treatment. [2] The risk linked to the development of antimicrobial resistance threatens both humans and animal health, and welfare. The misuse and overuse of antibiotics can cause the insurgence and spread of resistant microorganisms that could circulate in humans, animals, food, water and environment.
The OIE role The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) [3] is in first line for the fight against the development of resistance to antimicrobial agents and against the risk of losing or decreasing the possibility of threating human and animal diseases. The OIE has developed a wide range of international standards on antimicrobial agents, in particular on their responsible and prudent use [4]. The OIE standards are regularly updated and reviewed to take into account the most recent scientific knowledge and research results. The role of veterinarians and para veterinary professions is regarded as crucial by the OIE, in particular in their role of regulating and supervising the use of antimicrobials and in reducing the demand for antibiotics proposing alternative solutions to animal owners, such as improvement in animal husbandry practices, greater use of vaccines,
24 Around us
The OIE has been working for a long time on the AMR field. After the FAO/OIE/ WHO workshops on non-human antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance held in 2003 (on scientific assessment) [5] and in 2004 (on management options) [6], the OIE developed a List of Antimicrobial Agents of Veterinary Importance (updated in 2013 and 2014) [7], in parallel with the WHO list for human medicine [8]. In March 2013, the OIE organised the First Global Conference on the Responsible and Prudent use of Antimicrobial Agents for Animals (Paris, 13-15 March 2013) [9], where was presented an overview on the current situation regarding antimicrobial use and where were discussed possible ways of promoting the prudent and responsible use of antimicrobial agents in animals. Consequently, in 2015 the 180 OIE Member Countries adopted Resolution No 26 [10], ‘Combating Antimicrobial Resistance and Promoting the Prudent Use of Antimicrobial Agents in Animals’ where was recommended that the OIE continue to develop and update standards and guidelines related to antimicrobial resistance and the prudent use of antimicrobial agents including updating regularly the OIE List of Antimicrobial Agents of Veterinary Importance. In the last trimester of 2015, the OIE launched an annual collection of data on the use of antimicrobial agents in animals, in OIE Member Countries. More than 70% (130 out of 180) Countries provided information on use of antimicrobial agents in animals. These results were presented in the OIE Annual Report on the Use of Antimicrobial Agents in Animals [11]. The information provided in this report represents a first step to better understanding the global use of antimicrobial agents in animals. A number of Countries (89 out of the 130 (68%)) were able to submit to the OIE quantitative information on the use of antimicrobial agents in animals. However, among these Countries, low- and middle-income countries have just started the process to collect this kind of information. Furthermore, 96 out of 130 (74%) Countries indicated that they do not authorise antimicrobial agents for growth promotion in animals, demonstrating knowledge and management of the risks rising from the practice. However, several Countries could not provide a list of antimicrobial agents authorised for growth promotion, as no legislation existed regarding this topic in their country. The results of this data collection outline a first picture on the use of antimicrobial agents, putting in evidence great differences in the use of antimicrobials, worldwide and by region, and the need of OIE Member Countries to be supported to implement a responsible and prudent use of antimicrobial agents for animals. In 2016, during the 84th General Session in May 2016, the commitment to combat antimicrobial resistance was confirmed through the adoption of Resolution No 36 [12]. ‘Combating Antimicrobial Resistance through a One Health Approach: Actions and OIE Strategy’. The ‘One Health’ approach is considered essential to preserving antimicrobial efficacy and to minimizing risks associated to AMR in both humans and animals.
Tripartite collaboration The OIE activities on AMR have been conducted in collaboration with WHO and with FAO. The OIE-FAO-WHO collaboration reflects the ‘One Health’ nature of the AMR issue. In 2015 the WHO issued a Global Action Plan [13], with the support of FAO and OIE, where the challenge of AMR is addressed through a tripartite collaboration under the ‘One Health’ approach. Possible solutions have to be searched and will be found only through a multi-sectorial approach including human health and animal health, agriculture and environment. Following the adoption of the Global Action Plan a very important meeting on AMR was organized at the 71st Session of the United Nations General Assembly in New York, on 21 September 2016 [14]. The OIE General Director was among the other leaders of the world reunited to adopt a political declaration aimed at combating the global threat posed by AMR. The three General Directors of the tripartite partnership addressed the General Assembly to support this declaration.
25 Around us
BENV National Veterinary Epidemiological Bulletin
The OIE Strategy on Antimicrobial Resistance and the Prudent Use of Antimicrobials In November 2016 the OIE launched its Strategy on AMR and the Prudent Use of Antimicrobials [15]. The Strategy describes the important contribution of Veterinary Services to the WHO Global Action Plan and represents a key contribution to the success of this ‘One Health’ challenge. The structure of the OIE Strategy, published in November 2016, supports the objectives established in the WHO Global Action Plan, and reflects the mandate of the OIE as described in its Basic Texts through four main objectives: 1) improve awareness and understanding among Member Countries: through the development of communication and advocacy materials; encouragement of veterinarians professional culture; organizing workshops, conferences and symposia; expanding the OIE reference materials; continuing to align and coordinate OIE-WHO and FAO activities;
January 2017 Number 27
16. One-day high-level meeting at the United Nations Headquarters in New York on “Antimicrobial Resistance“, 21 September 2016 17. The OIE Strategy on Antimicrobial Resistance and the Prudent Use of Antimicrobials.
-Edited by: Simona Forcella Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy; and World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris, France.
2) strengthen knowledge through surveillance and research: supporting the development of monitoring and surveillance systems; building and maintaining a database for collecting data on the use of antimicrobial agents in food-producing and companion animals; improving the OIE World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS) to allow analysis on the data collected; guide and support research into alternative to antibiotics. 3) support good governance and capacity building of Veterinary Services: providing assistance in development and implementation of national action plans and policies; provide tools and guidance; ensure Veterinary Capacity to implement OIE standards; support development and modernisation of the legislation governing manufacture, marketing authorisation, importation, distribution and use of veterinary products; training of OIE Focal Points for Veterinary Products, and ensuring training of veterinarians and veterinary para-professionals. 4) encourage implementation of international standards: strengthen multilateral support for Member Countries in implementing the OIE international standards; encourage the adoption of the recommendations in the OIE List of Antimicrobials of Veterinary Importance; increase the science based update of the OIR standards; further develop with WHO and FAO a sustainable framework including human health, animal health, agriculture and the food chain.
References 1. WHO - First Global Report on antibiotic resistance 2. WHO - Antimicrobial Resistance Fact sheet. Accessed on September 2016 3. OIE – website 4. OIE – Terrestrial Animal Health Code: Chapters 6.6 to 6.10 5. OIE – Aquatic Animal Health Code: Chapters 6.1 to 6.5 6. OIE – Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals: Chapter 3.1 7. Joint FAO/OIE/WHO Expert Workshop on Non-Human Antimicrobial Usage and Antimicrobial Resistance: Scientific assessment. Geneva, Switzerland, December 1 – 5, 2003 8. Second Joint FAO/ OIE/WHO Expert Workshop on Non-Human Antimicrobial Usage and Antimicrobial Resistance: Management options. Oslo, Norway, 15–18 March 2004 9. OIE – LIST OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS OF VETERINARY IMPORTANCE 10. WHO – Critically important antibacterial agents for human medicine for risk management strategies of non-human use 11. OIE – Recommendations of the OIE First Global Conference on the prudent use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine 12. Resolutions of the 83rd OIE General Session, Resolution No.26. 2015 13. OIE Annual report on the use of antimicrobial agents in animals 14. Resolutions of the 84th OIE General Session, Resolution No.36. 2016 15. WHO –Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance. 2015.
26 Around us
27 Around us
BENV National Veterinary Epidemiological Bulletin
January 2017 Number 27
OFFICIALLY FREE TERRITORIES
Bovine leukosis: Provinces and Regions Officially according Bovine leukosis: Provinces and Regions Officially Free according to the Free EU legislation up to th to the EU legislation updated05/02/2016 to 11 October 2016 Decision
Region Abruzzi
Bovine tuberculosis: provinces and regions officially free according to theProvinces community legislation Bovine tuberculosis: and Regions Officially Freeupdated according toto the EU th 11 October 2016 legislation up to 05/02/2016 Decision
Region Abruzzi Emilia Romagna Friuli Venezia Giulia Lazio Liguria Lombardy Marche
2016/168/CE
Piedmont Sardinia Tuscany Trentino-Alto Adige Veneto
Campania Emilia Romagna Friuli Venezia Giulia
Province Pescara The whole region The whole region Rieti Viterbo Tutta la regione Tutta la regione Ancona Ascoli Piceno Fermo Pesaro-Urbino The whole region Cagliari Medio-Campidano Ogliastra Olbia-Tempio Oristano Tutta la regione Bolzano Trento The whole region
Bovine tuberculosis
Lazio
2014/91/EU amending annex III cap.2 of Decision 2003/467/EC
Liguria Lombardy Marche Molise Piedmont Puglia Sardinia
Sicilia
Tuscany Trentino Alto Adige Umbria Valle D'Aosta Veneto
Province Pescara Avellino Benevento Napoli The whole region The whole region Frosinone Latina Rieti Viterbo The whole region The whole region The whole region The whole region The whole region Brindisi The whole region Agrigento Caltanissetta Catania Enna Palermo Ragusa Siracusa Trapani The whole region Bolzano Trento The whole region The whole region The whole region
Bovine leukosis
28 Officially free territories
29 Officially free territories
BENV National Veterinary Epidemiological Bulletin
January 2017 Number 27
Bovine brucellosis: Provinces Regions Officially according Bovine brucellosis: Provinces and Regions and Officially Free according to the EUFree legislation up to th to the EU legislation updated05/02/2016 to 11 October 2016 Decision
Region Abruzzi Emilia Romagna Friuli Venezia Giulia Lazio
2014/91/EU amending annex II cap.2 of Decision 2003/467/EC
Liguria Lombardy Marche Molise Piedmont Puglia Sardinia Tuscany Trentino Alto Adige Umbria Valle d’Aosta Veneto
Bovine brucellosis
30 Officially free territories
Ovine and caprine brucellosis: Officially Free according to the EU legislation updated to 11th October 2016
Province Pescara The whole region The whole region Frosinone Latina Rieti Viterbo The whole region The whole region The whole region Campobasso The whole region Brindisi The whole region The whole region Bolzano Trento The whole region The whole region The whole region
Ovine and caprine brucellosis
31 Officially free territories
BENV National Veterinary Epidemiological Bulletin
CONTACTS & EDITORIAL STAFF
NATIONAL REFERENCE CENTRE FOR VETERINARY EPIDEMIOLOGY, PLANNING, INFORMATION AND RISK ANALYSIS (COVEPI) Rossella Lelli Epidemiology Rossella Lelli Statistics and GIS Annamaria Conte National Reference Centre for Hurban health and non Epidemic Emergencies (IUVENE) Fabrizio De Massis
32 Contacts & Editorial Staff
NATIONAL REFERENCE CENTRE FOR THE STUDY AND VERIFICATION OF FOREIGN ANIMAL DISEASES (CESME) Rossella Lelli Diagnostics and surveillance of exotic viral diseases Federica Monaco Diagnosis and surveillance of exotic bacterial and parasitic diseases, Virology Laboratory of Windhoek, Namibia Massimo Scacchia
Coordinator Simona Iannetti (COVEPI) Editorial board Barbara Alessandrini Annamaria Conte Fabrizio De Massis Armando Giovannini Rossella Lelli Federica Monaco Giovanni Savini Istructional designer Alessandro De Luca Web master and desktop publishing Sandro Santarelli mail benv@izs.it fax +39 0861 332251 www.izs.it