the ressurection of the commons high-density urbanization is destroying communities through the generation of vertical cities; bounding hundreds of people in privatized boxes that fuel economic growth to a higher socio demographic, constructing an imperceptible division in communities. that “"thrives on the rapid turnover of acquaintances, the lack of involvement with others, and the total self-sufficiency of lives which, needing nothing, were never disappointed"” (ballard, 1975). this serves as a method of vertically layering residential property in high urban densities to construct what civilization believes a city to be, which is quickly alienating people to the singular formed landscape on ground level. which is questioning the role of us as "landscape architects to design on multiple scales, to one day escape the monotonous urban planned form of bird shit architecture"” (gehl 2011). to avoid a global dystopian city where life isn’t defined by built structure we must consider the communal and singular, which cannot be simply defined through the top down plan method of a figure ground as “"cities have the capability of providing something for everybody, only because, and only when, they are created by everybody"” (jacobs 1964). until now… we have reached a point where top down urban planning is destroying the singular and private in our world. we as designers must re-think how a city is composed, by considering verticality through the operation of axonometric, computerized three dimensional modelling and plan over multiple scales, to generate a greater understanding on how public space is informed in dense urban fields. to renew the term landscape urbanism as the primary operation to organise the future ground, as the one we currently occupy is lost in a sea of concrete towers.
benjamin horne_ land arch_project_a page___________________01
08
09
testing_the town
testing_the communal
13
potential_challenging the grid
10
testing_the city
testing_the journey through scale
movement_the archetypes
typologies_manipulation of context
06
singular_the one bedroom apartment
05
local_the confinement of hte grid
global_expansion of the grid
lineage_melbourne over time
timeline_examination of the plan
03
04
07
11
12
14
contents: 1. front cover 2. contents_folio directory 3. timeline_history of the plan 4. lineage_melbourne over time 5. global_victorian region 6. local_melbourne cbd 7. movement_the archetype 8. singular_one bedroom apartment 9. topologies_intervention approach 10. testings_the journey 11. testing_the city 12. testing_the town 13. testing_the communal 14. projections_future research
contents_ folio directory_ page___________________02
the word ‘plan’ in german is “grundriss” which corelates to ‘ground cut’ in english
first city 3d map - hong kong (2000)
james corners feild operations (1994)
daniel liebskind early collage (1967)
hansen yuncken pty ltd. parkview group (australia) pty ltd. downer edi works pty ltd. john holland pty ltd. watpac australia pty ltd. leighton contractors pty ltd. bgv Group (australia) pty ltd. brookfield multiplex. thiess pty ltd. lend lease group
2000ad
bauhaus axonometric (1920)
william farrish isometric (1822ad)
giambattista nolli's figure ground of rome (1748)
first mandeleine church by contant d'ivry (begun 1764)
the tower of london (1500s)
michaelangellos fortification of florence (1528)
gothic political architecture plan notre dam 1222ad)
new classical
sustainable
blobiotecture
deconstructivism
memphis group
high-tech/late modernism
metabolist movement
critical regionalism
postmoderism
brutalism
googie
mid-century modern
usonian
nazi architecture
stalinist
streamline modern
international style
art deco
fascist architecture
egyptian revival
mediterranian revival
bauhaus
spanish colonial revival
constructivism
modernism
amsterdam school
expressionism
nordic classicism
futurism
heliopolis style
national romantic style
edwardian baroque
prarie style
structural expressionism
postmodernism
international style
bauhaus
modernism
queen anne style
romanesque revival
architectural style 1900ad to 2000ad
victorian
russian revival
federal architecture
pombaline style
gothic revival
neoclassical
georgian
russian baroque
late muscovite
palladianism
baroque
middle muscovite
mannerism
high renaissance
manueline
tudor
renaissance
sandergotik
early muscovite
gothic
mudejar
norman
romanesque
medieval rus
hoysala
moorish
byzantine
roman
assyrian ancient greek
architectural style 1000ad to 2000ad
ancient egyptian
sumerian
neolothic
architectural style 6000bc to 2000ad
numerous australian construction companies currently hold the power of our cities growth, composing the future condition by configuring vertical blocks that generate a border between where we are singular and where we are communal. below is a list of australian construction companies that demonize cities on a corporate scale with no consideration of the human scale:
1500ad
1000ad
500ad
hagia sophia (532ad) year 0
temple of athena (300ad)
tomb complex on marlbe (1st century ad) 500bc
1000bc
perachora plan (725bc) 1500bc
2000bc
2500bc
3000bc
3500bc
4000bc
4500bc
5000bc
5500bc
6000bc
statue of gudea (2200bc)
town plan of nippur (1500bc)
the word ‘section’ in german is ‘aufriss’ which correlates to ‘up/vertical cut’ in english
these companies spawn “"a new social type that was being created by the apartment building, a cool, unemotional personality impervious to the psychological pressures of high-rise life, with minimal needs for privacy, which thrived like an advanced species of machine in the neutral atmosphere. this was the sort of resident who was content to do nothing but sit in his over-priced apartment, watch television with the sound turned down, and wait for his neighbours to make a mistake"”(ballard, 1975). by gentrifying a false sense of community to the masses, they are slowly exterminating interaction between multiple human archetypes in highly dense urban fields, which sadly has been standard practice in cities as the goal of high economic growth is becoming easier and easier.
timeline_ history of the plan_ page___________________03
community to town
metro train loop build completed 1980 current depth - 15m future depth - 40m
1916 - height restrictions brought into Melbourne due to the theoretical reach of fire bridge ladders
john batmans house building completed 1836 building height - 6 metres
town to city
formaly bhp house build completed 1972 building height - 150 metres
yarra shipping port first used 1835 port closed 1929
eureka tower build completed 2006 building height - 301 metres
singular to community
st patricks cathedrial build started 1858 build completed 1939 building height - 105 metres
john batmans house building completed 1836 building height - 6 metres
where smaller companies such as nightingale housing’ are challenging the death of private space by transposing elements of the private realm outside existing private built boundaries. who have identified the future of micro privatized territories by designing larger communal areas to support, promote and advocate for high quality housing that is ecological, socially and financially sustainable. they work closely with local architects, project managers and purchasers which collaboratively aim to:
formaly bhp house build completed 1972 building height - 150 metres
advance environmental sustainability through design (including sustainable transport options); build social connection, connection to services and community management; 1885 - first melbourne cable car
contribute positively to neighbourhoods and urban culture through quality urban design;
1916 - height restrictions brought into melbourne due to the theoretical reach of fire bridge ladders
open country
john batmans house fine open plain
port phillip
good water
arthurs seat
yarra river
promote affordability by providing access to housing purchase at below market price; minimise the on-going costs of living in the housing through design; educate designers, potential home owners and the public in deliberative development and sustainable housing models;
eureka tower build completed 2006 building height - 301 metres
extensive marsh reserved for a public common
40 blankets 30 axes
apa building building completed 1889 building height - 40 metres
100 knives 50 scissors 30 mirrors 200 handkerchiefs 100 pounds of flour 6 shirts
this generation of practice allows us as landscape architects to work closer with the singular to generate cities that allow multiple demographics to grow through the lens of a community. through the differentiation of program from the city to community this begins to dissect the line between public and private space, to redraw and expand boundaries beyond built structure. metro train loop build completed 1980 current depth - 15m future depth - 40m
300m
yarra shipping port first used 1835 port closed 1929
bass strait
dutigulla treaty
involve groups of purchasers in cooperative / syndicate / collective planning and participation.
200m
150m
100m 95m 90m 85m 80m 75m 70m 65m 60m 55m 50m 45m 40m 35m 30m 25m 20m 15m 10m 5m 0m -5m -10m -15m -20m -25m -30m -35m -40m
south lawn underground carpark build completed 1972 building depth - 8 metres
-45m -50m
on 122 roseneath street in clifton hill lies a community of 48 apartments, 18 townhouses, delivered in collaboration between wulff projects, icon co and assemble. offering one, two and three bedroom apartments to attract a diverse stage of residents from all walks of life, founded upon the philosophy of small footprint living in privatised areas to compose socialization in public territories. such as the multi-purpose communal roof, the messy workshop on ground level of the communal laundry located on level 1. similar to a performance where “"musicians and entertainers draw people together [but] it is not the excellence of the act that is important. It is the fact that it is there that bonds people, and sometimes a really bad act will work even better than a good one"� (whyte, 1980). which begs the question; is communal socialization the key to expand cities through the manipulation of large structures on a micro scale? to synthesis a new paradigm that tolerates the gargantuan concrete blocks that we experience in the everyday, by now designing on a communal scale to rediscover what we have lost in the rapid urbanization that melbourne has injured.
lineage_ melbourne over time_ page___________________04
In the 2011 census the population of St Albans was 35,091, approximately 50.3% female and 49.7% male.
6,000,000
34.6% of people living in the suburb of St Albans were born in Australia. The other top responses for country of birth were 15.7% Vietnam, 6.3% India, 4.2% Malta, 2.7% Philippines, 2.5% Croatia, 1.7% Macedonia, 1.7% Greece, 1.5% Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1.3% China, 1.2% Italy, 1.1% New Zealand, 1.0% Sudan, 1.0% Germany, 0.9% Serbia.
4,000,000
projected population
8,000,000
The median/average age of the people in St Albans is 36 years of age.
greater darwin
greater hobart
greater canberra
greater adelaide 2046
2061
keilor plains station
The median individual income is $352 per week and the median household income is $865 per week. The median rent in St Albans is $250 per week and the median mortgage repayment is $1400 per month.
1,710 to 4,180 1,420 to 1,710 1,220 to 1,420
mildura
960 to 1,220 510 to 960
murray plains
towards craigieburn
south morang
2031
southern cross train station to st albans station - 33 minutes
2016
greater brisbane
greater perth
greater sydney
0
greater melbourne
2,000,000
24.5% of people living in St Albans speak English only. The other top languages spoken are 22.3% Vietnamese, 7.8% Language spoken at home not stated, 6.6% Other, 4.5% Maltese, 4.1% Punjabi, 3.2% Croatian, 3.0% Cantonese, 2.9% Greek, 2.4% Macedonian. The religious makeup of St Albans is 32.8% Catholic, 17.3% Buddhism, 9.5% No religion, 9.5% Religious affiliation not stated, 8.7% Eastern Orthodox, 5.2% Islam, 3.8% Other Religious Groups, 2.7% Anglican, 2.6% Hinduism, 1.4% Christian, nfd.
victoria housing stress map
10,000,000
st albans census data
shepparton
benambra bendigo east
euroa
ovens valley
ripon bendigo west
lowan
eildon
macedon yan yean
buninyong
gippsland east
evelyn
narracan
lara altona south-west coast
bellarine
polwarth
morwell
bass nepean
gippsland south
mallacoota
bairnsdale
melbourne
belgrave
sunbury
nelson
geelong
towards melton
lilydale
st albans train station
dandenong cencus data
The median/average age of the people in Werribee is 36 years of age. 66.8% of people living in the suburb of Werribee were born in Australia. The other top responses for country of birth were 3.3% England, 2.9% India, 2.3% Italy, 2.1% New Zealand, 1.5% Burma , 1.5% Philippines, 1.0% Thailand, 0.9% Scotland, 0.6% China , 0.6% Malta, 0.5% Sri Lanka, 0.5% Germany, 0.4% Vietnam, 0.4% Poland.
55.4% of the people living in Dandenong over the age of 15 and who identify as being in the labour force are employed full time, 26.5% are working on a part time basis. Dandenong has an unemployment rate of 11.2%. The main occupations of people living in Dandenong are 18.9% Labourers, 17.9% Technicians & trades workers, 14.2% Machinery operators & drivers, 11.0% Clerical & administrative workers, 10.6% Professionals, 9.4% Community & personal service workers, 8.1% Sales workers, 5.9% Managers, 4.0% Occupation inadequately described/ Not stated.
pakenham cencus data The median/average age of the people in Pakenham is 30 years of age. 76.2% of people living in the suburb of Pakenham were born in Australia. The other top responses for country of birth were 4.8% England, 2.3% New Zealand, 1.2% India, 0.8% Scotland, 0.8% Sri Lanka, 0.8% Netherlands, 0.7% Philippines, 0.5% Mauritius, 0.5% Germany, 0.4% South Africa, 0.3% Italy, 0.2% Romania, 0.2% China , 0.2% Fiji. 86.1% of people living in Pakenham speak English only. The other top languages spoken are 4.0% Language spoken at home not stated, 1.9% Other, 0.6% Sinhalese, 0.5% Arabic, 0.5% Hindi, 0.5% Italian, 0.4% Spanish, 0.4% Punjabi, 0.3% French. 63.9% of the people living in Pakenham over the age of 15 and who identify as being in the labour force are employed full time, 25.4% are working on a part time basis. Pakenham has an unemployment rate of 5.5%. The main occupations of people living in Pakenham are 18.5% Technicians & trades workers, 15.2% Clerical & administrative workers, 12.9% Professionals, 11.6% Labourers, 11.1% Sales workers, 9.5% Machinery operators & drivers, 9.5% Managers, 9.4% Community & personal service workers, 2.2% Occupation inadequately described/ Not stated. The main industries people from Pakenham work in are 15.1% Manufacturing, 12.9% Retail trade, 12.6% Construction, 10.1% Health care and social assistance, 6.1% Wholesale trade, 5.9% Education and training, 5.5% Transport, postal and warehousing, 4.6% Accommodation and food services, 4.4% Public administration and safety. 19.0% of homes are fully owned, and 48.6% are in the process of being purchased by home loan mortgage. 28.7% of homes are rented. The median individual income is $603 per week and the median household income is $1229 per week. The median rent in Pakenham is $291 per week and the median mortgage repayment is $1777 per month.
flinders street staion to pakenham station 73 minutes
cranbourne station
flinders street station to dandenong station - 43 minutes
pakenham train station
frankston
towards warrnambool
southern cross train station to st albans station - 26 minutes
dandenong train station
29.0% of homes are fully owned, and 39.6% are in the process of being purchased by home loan mortgage. 28.1% of homes are rented.
The median rent in Werribee is $241 per week and the median mortgage repayment is $1500 per month.
27.2% of people living in Dandenong speak English only. The other top languages spoken are 15.5% Other, 7.1% Language spoken at home not stated, 4.6% Dari, 3.8% Tamil, 3.7% Sinhalese, 3.7% Punjabi, 3.4% Persian, 3.4% Serbian, 3.3% Arabic.
werribee train station
72.4% of people living in Werribee speak English only. The other top languages spoken are 5.9% Other, 5.2% Language spoken at home not stated, 3.5% Italian, 1.0% Punjabi, 1.0% Arabic, 0.9% Hindi, 0.9% Spanish, 0.7% Mandarin, 0.7% Tagalog.
The median individual income is $520 per week and the median household income is $1124 per week.
30.4% of people living in the suburb of Dandenong were born in Australia. The other top responses for country of birth were 11.2% India, 6.6% Afghanistan, 6.2% Sri Lanka, 3.2% China , 3.0% Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia , 1.9% Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1.7% New Zealand, 1.5% Mauritius, 1.4% Pakistan, 1.3% Italy, 1.2% Croatia, 1.1% England, 1.1% Philippines, 1.1% Sudan.
glen waverly
werribee cencus data
of is
alemein
The median/average age the people in Dandenong 32 years of age.
towards bairnsdale
The main industries people from Dandenong work in are 23.8% Manufacturing, 10.8% Health care and social assistance, 10.0% Retail trade, 7.7% Construction, 6.3% Accommodation and food services, 5.7% Wholesale trade, 5.3% Transport, postal and warehousing, 5.1% Inadequately described/Not stated, 4.7% Administrative and support services. 23.1% of homes are fully owned, and 19.7% are in the process of being purchased by home loan mortgage. 51.1% of homes are rented. The median individual income is $374 per week and the median household income is $832 per week. The median rent in Dandenong is $245 per week and the median mortgage repayment is $1500 per month.
this then establishes a new paradigm for landscapes architects that take large-scale design power away from urban designers, to greater drive the term landscape urbanism as the primary step to designing cities. to acclimatise and prepare for the impending urban verticality we as landscape architects need to stop working from the top down, consider all dimensions and work closer with the singular to construct a new practice. by deeply scrutinizing these elements we can adjust how public space on the ground plane is perceived to future re-program underutilized privatized space to be accessible and adaptable to the general public. we can then understand the city as a static form that grows through its actors instead of its agents, to redraw and recognize landscape architectural practice in the micro scale. by redrawing the city the ground can be re-interpreted as a multi storey horizontal plane which, “"no longer inhabits the surface but the atmosphere"� (Rahm, 2011). this then semantically shifts the term landscape urbanism’ as a primary form for planning future cities.
global_ victorian region_ page___________________05
j.g ballard_movie_high-rise
overground busy car parks_ 8 Whiteman St, Southbank VIC 3006, Australia Crown Casino Above Ground Carpark 7 Days a week (24 Hours)
elevate descend
enlarge
740 Bourke St, Docklands VIC 3008, Australia Edihad Stadium Used 2-3 times a week - 90% vacant over 3-4 days
25
Lonsdale St, Docklands VIC 3008, Australia Southern Cross Station Carpark 7 days a week (24 hours)
compress
20
6 Healeys Ln, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia Flagstaff Gardens Carpark 7 days a week (24 Hours) Russell Ct, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia Wilson Parking 7 days a week (24 hours a day) Existing Pop Up Patch on Roof
15
Brunton Ave, Richmond VIC 3002, Australia Melbourne Cricket Ground -37.820213, 144.983428 Used 2-3 times a week - 90% vacant over 3-4 days
10 start pause stop
5
overhead bridges_ bolte bridge height_25m wurundjeri way bridge height_3m clarendon street bridge height_3m william street bridge height_3m kings way bridge height_3m william street bridge height_4m st kilda road bridge height_5m
-5
phillipe rahm_domestic astronomy
overhead roads_
towards fitzroy
west gate freeway_6m citylink toll road_8m
city builders
towards docklands
30 metres
lift movement outside of the structure
10 metres
0 metres
perceived ground level motor vehicle movement north to south
-10 metres
motor vehicle movement east to west
-30 metres
jan ghel_text_cities for people train movement
uncharted territory
-70 metres
how far can the lift take an island vertically
underground busy car parks_ 16 Normanby Rd, , Southbank VIC 3006, Australia Melbourne Exhibition Centre -37.825574, 144.954095 Open Time - 7 days a week (24 hours) 8 Whiteman St, Southbank VIC 3006, Australia Crown Casino Car Park -37.823824, 144.958228 Open Time - 7 days a week (24 hours a day)
Spring St, East Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia Parliment Train Station -37.812739, 144.973385 Operational 7 days a week (24 hours only friday/saturday night) Train station vacant from 12am (midnight) until 5-6am weekdays Brunton Ave, Richmond VIC 3002, Australia Melbourne Cricket Ground -37.820213, 144.983428 Used 2-3 times a week - 90% vacant over 3-4 days
to wa rd
sd
oc
kla
nd
s
so
ut
hb
an
k
ya rra r
ive
r
island project_research
11 Nicholson St, Carlton VIC 3053, Australia Melbourne Museum Car Park -37.803891, 144.973390 Open Time - 7 days a week (6am till 12am)
in the 1880s the first skyscrapers in melbourne rose from the ground, sitting 30-50m into the heavens, with the australian property investment co. completed in 1898 standing 12 storeys high. becoming the highest in australia and claiming to be the highest structure in the world, even though 13 storey towers already dominated the new york and chicago skyline. the skyscraper was an early form of built power, where the elevator was a “"special prop for imagination"” (graham, 2014), layering the city internally with the poor on ground level and the rich above, “"the staircase was deserted the higher up the building the more reluctant were the residents to use the stairs as if this in some way demeaned them"” (ballard, 1975). during the interwar period there was a height restriction (40.2m) that halted the construction of true skyscrapers as fire ladders couldn’t these heights in case of an emergency, however the russell street police headquarters designed by peter everett was one of the best examples of the american ‘skyscraper style’ structures. a freestanding brick tower that self-consciously adopted a vertical fenestration and articulation, strong resembling new york’s empire state building, starting the formation of vertical solitary between man and structure. by the mid-1960s a large number of shear concrete blocks interrupted the cities ground, towering above the only ground plane, disconnection economics and demographics in vertical layers whilst alienating people from there streetscape. the skyscraper was a modernistic approach to constituting a utopian society where monolithic freestanding steel structures established melbourne on global scale to exert progression during the 1960s construction boom… this sadly was a global point in time where architecture destroyed human occupation, creating “"an environment built, not for man, but for man’s absence"” (ballard, 1975).
local_ melbourne cbd_ page___________________06
the elevator
9:55am - emporium nike store arrives at workplace early
5:05pm - swanston street deciedes to ride through red light
the creator
9:55am - emporium nike store arrives at workplace early
the caretaker
emporium - nike store
to north melbourne
the magician
the explorer
the hero
the innocent
9:00am - coffee shop / cafe 30 minute stay at morning cafe
the lover
518 flinders street
melbourne metro underground train loop
the orphan
9:00am - coffee shop / cafe 30 minute stay at morning cafe
8:00am - flinders street intersection waits for 80 seconds to run home yarra river
south melbourne
the rebel 0 50
9:55am - emporium nike store arrives at workplace early
100
the ruler
the sage
9:47am - swanston street rides through red light
7:35am - alexandra avenue leaves park onto road
250
500
1000
5:10pm - william street almost runs into pedestrian riding through red light 7:50am - birrarung marr runs through park
5:05pm - swanston street stops at lights for 10 seconds deciedes to ride through red light
the jester
9:40 - swanston street turns onto street
8:00am - flinders street intersection waits for 80 seconds to run home
9:00am - coffee shop / cafe 30 minute stay at morning cafe
Core desire: to prove one’s worth through courageous acts Goal: expert mastery in a way that improves the world Greatest fear: weakness, vulnerability, being a “chicken” Strategy: to be as strong and competent as possible
t h e
Weakness: arrogance, always needing another battle to fight Talent: competence and courage The Hero is also known as: The warrior, crusader, rescuer, superhero, the soldier, the winner and the team player.
7:20am - alexandra garden runs placed small displaced camp
1000
500
250
0 50
7:50am - birrarung marr runs through park
100
518 flinders street
h e r o
Motto: Where there’s a will, there’s a way mate
7:05am - enterprise park runs through park past displaced camp
7:20am - alexandra garden runs placed small displaced camp
8:10am - flinders street runs across road outside apartment
7:00am - 450 flinders street takes lift downstairs to street to go for morning run before riding bike to workplace
"what is the vertical city? it is a cemetery! a row of houses shaped like gravestones enclosed by a green fence"” (hilberseimer, 2014)
7:35am - alexandra avenue leaves park onto road
7:05am - enterprise park runs through park past displaced camp
the traditional top down view of the world being flat is dead, fortunately the elevator as form is “"reflecting its own origins in the traditions of top-down cartography, the subdiscipline of transport geography, too, has tended to treat cities and regions merely as flat surfaces rather than volumes"” (graham, 2014). developing our perspective on space beyond built structure to be able to future impose communal environments over numerous vertical scales where private and public exist contemporaneously.
movement_ archetype analysis_ page___________________07
one bedroom apartment_450 flinders street
situation one_ compress enclose heat the light
kitchen
situation two_
situation one_
bathroom
compress enclose grid heat the light
enlarge expose the tree
situation one_ enclose compress heat the light descend
laundry
situation two_ expose enlarge cool the light elevate
situation one_
situation two_ enlarge expose the tree
dining room
compress enclose heat the light
study/office
situation one_
enclose descend compress the light situation two_ expose elevate the tree
situation one_
lounge room
enclose compress heat the light
layer enlarge expose cool the tree situation two_ expose compress heat the light the tree
outdoor space
situation one_
situation two_ elevate enclose heat the tree the skyscraper has changed from a statue of power to a conformed style of life where the private is involuntary accepting the micro as the everyday, due to increased housing and rental prices we are now forced into small concrete boxes, locked away from society and disassociated from the person living in the neighbouring apartment. the soul of city live above the ground plane has been stripped away by locking the community away, diminishing the private to a point where banks won’t loan, where “"some who are fortunate enough to have communities still do fight to keep them, but they have seldom prevailed. while people possess a community, they usually understand that they can't afford to lose it; but after it is lost, gradually even the memory of what was lost is lost"” (Jacobs, 2004). spatial distribution inside a new age skyscrapers is corporate driven, overlapping miniscule residential boxes for economic gain, providing insufficient layers within the structure that attempt to accommodate residents with public socialization fields, that aren’t designed for interaction as they are only there to meet government standards. trying to produce microscopic communities within the corporate realm of practice is impossible as “"[cities] are not like suburbs, only denser. they differ from towns and suburbs in basic ways, and one of these is that cities are, by definition, full of strangers”"(jacobs, 2004).
singular_ one bedroom apartment_ page___________________08
topologies_form
topologies_atmospheric
topologies_profiles
enclose
grid
the traffic light
to enclose as an atmospheric conditions creates a compact environment which generates particular programs
the grid is a method to selecting site; it is a set of curves that dictate scale and area of a site which can then be pushed and pulled with multiple additions of operations
layer
the traffic light is a moment in time where the human body stops in the landscape, a ground level control point that conducts movement across the existing ground plane.
the elevator
expose to expose as an atmospheric conditions is to uncover or bare to the air, or the natural environment
layering is a method that can be applied to view site over multiple vertical layers, generating programs on numerous grounds
heat
elevate the method of elevation used with an object is to move or raise to a higher or position, to be lifted plain.
the elevator is a special prop for imagination that levitates matter in the z axis, above or below the existing perceived ground.
to
a
the crane the crane is a large scale commercial prop the is used to construct structure, with a timeframe of temporality. where the potential of crane lays in the the scale and temporality of the object
as an atmospheric condition heat can be applied to make warm or hotter, on a large scale naturally by the sun, on a smaller scale artificially
higher
descend
the scaffold
cool
to descend is to go or pass from a higher to a lower place, to move or come down from a higher to lower elevation, with or without an object
the scaffold current is a construction tool used in the creation of commercial structures, where its potentially lays in the creation of space on all axis's
cooling as an atmospheric condition occurs naturally in the winter months of the year on a large scale, where it can be applied artificially on a smaller scale
diminish
compress
the tree
to diminish sound atmospherically is to lessen or decrease
the method of compression can be applied to press together, to force an object/program into a smaller field or territory
the tree is a natural object used on all landscape design project, where the scale of the tree and use can constitute the program that occurs in said space
amplify
enlarge
the light
to amplify as an atmospheric condition is to discourse the length; expatiate or expand one's remarks or speak
the method of enlarge is to increase the capacity or scope, to make a program larger
"the twentieth century ended with its dreams in ruins. the notion of the community as a voluntary association of enlightened citizens has died forever. we realize how suffocatingly humane we've become, dedicated to moderation and the middle way. the suburbanization of the soul has overrun our planet like the plague."” (ballard, 1975)
the light is an object commonly used for sight, yet the radiation and convection that materialize from this object dictate program
time manipulation
pause
stop
12:00am
11:00pm
10:00pm
9:00pm
8:00pm
7:00pm
6:00pm
5:00pm
4:00pm
3:00pm
2:00pm
1:00pm
12:00pm
11:00am
10:00am
9:00am
8:00am
7:00am
6:00am
5:00am
4:00am
3:00am
2:00am
1:00am
12:00am
start
the commons understanding of practice derives from a traditional english legal term for common land, which authorizes members of the general public to access all cultural and natural resources that are needed at any point in time. challenging the private by engaging people on a singular scale to act in a communal sense as, “"long experience has shown that local problems are best dealt with by local action… globalization favours evasion. the wise rule to follow should be plain: never globalize a problem if it can be dealt with locally… globalism is usually counterproductive"” (hardin, 1968). generating a new paradigm where the communal overrules the city to synthesis a process where we the people are considered as a singular within a community during the design of large scale urban planning projects.
topologies_ intervention approach_ page___________________09
0 50 100
250
existing building line
500
1000
12:30pm - china bar arrives at restaurant for lunch
9:55am - emporium nike store arrives at workplace early 5:10pm - william street almost runs into pedestrian riding through red light 9:47am - swanston street rides through red light 5:05pm - swanston street stops at lights for 10 seconds deciedes to ride through red light
9:40 - swanston street turns onto street
8:00am - flinders street intersection waits for 80 seconds to run home
1000
500
0 50
250
100
7:50am - birrarung marr runs through park
7:35am - alexandra avenue leaves park onto road
150
cool + enlarge
melbourne metro underground train loop
12 metres 12 metres
descend + amplify
8:00am - flinders street intersection waits for 80 seconds to run home 9:00am - coffee shop / cafe 30 minute stay at morning cafe
emporium - nike store
to north melbourne
elevate + expose
518 flinders street
existing horizontal building line
6 metres
100
6 metres
current ground
50
ground?
yarra river
carpark 0 9:00am - coffee shop / cafe 30 minute stay at morning cafe
the elevator
south melbourne
negative 5m
-50
t h e
heat + diminish
9:55am - emporium nike store arrives at workplace early
518 flinders street
7:20am - alexandra garden runs placed small displaced camp
8:10am - flinders street runs across road outside apartment 7:00am - 518 flinders street 7:05am - enterprise park takes lift downstairs to street runs through park past to go for morning run before displaced camp riding bike to workplace
200
china bar restaurant
9:00am - coffee shop / cafe 30 minute stay at morning cafe
198 metres
h e r o
Motto: Where there’s a will, there’s a way Core desire: to prove one’s worth through courageous acts Goal: expert mastery in a way that improves the world Greatest fear: weakness, vulnerability, being a “chicken” Strategy: to be as strong and competent as possible Weakness: arrogance, always needing another battle to fight Talent: competence and courage The Hero is also known as: The warrior, crusader, rescuer, superhero, the soldier, the winner and the team player.
the ground plane in melbourne died in the 1960, during the construction of new york style skyscrapers became the standard in central urban planning in australia. this was the point in time where top down urban planned cartography destroyed the ground most occupied by humans, forging 100m+ high concrete blocks of indifference where people were at the bottom on the pyramid. splitting people into two categories, where the only connection between the two occurred in a steel box designed for vertical transportation; "there were the street people and there were the air people. air people levitated like fakirs . . . access to the elevator was proof that your life had the buoyancy that was needed to stay afloat in a city where the ground was seen as the realm of failure and menace."” (Raban, 1998). yet again constituting the disengagement of scale imposed on our cities by murderess urban planners over the last 50 years, who must be stopped by us as landscape architects, to re-connect people to cities as "cities must urge urban planners and architects to reinforce pedestrianism as an integrated city policy to develop lively, safe, sustainable and healthy cities. It is equally urgent to strengthen the social function of city space as a meeting place that contributes toward the aims of social sustainability and an open and democratic society"” (ghel, 2010).
testing_ the everyday_ page___________________10
elevate + descend grid
layer layer
9:40 - swanston street turns onto street
9:55am - emporium nike store arrives at workplace early
9:47am - swanston street rides through red light 5:10pm - william street almost runs into pedestrian riding through red light 5:05pm - swanston street stops at lights for 10 seconds deciedes to ride through red light
8:00am - flinders street intersection waits for 80 seconds to run home
9:00am - coffee shop / cafe 30 minute stay at morning cafe 8:10am - flinders street runs across road outside apartment
7:00am - 518 flinders street takes lift downstairs to street to go for morning run before riding bike to workplace
elevate + descend 7:50am - birrarung marr runs through park
7:20am - alexandra garden runs placed small displaced camp
7:05am - enterprise park runs through park past displaced camp
450 flinders street
“a prototype for an apartment where one no longer inhabits the surface but the atmosphere.” - philippe rahm architects. 2009. domestic astronomy
grid
7:35am - alexandra avenue leaves park onto road
grid grid
elevate + descend
yarra river
t h e
h e r o
“The elevator is a special prop for the imagination” - stephen graham_super tall & ultra deep 2014 Motto: Where there’s a will, there’s a way Core desire: to prove one’s worth through courageous acts Goal: expert mastery in a way that improves the world Greatest fear: weakness, vulnerability, being a “chicken” Strategy: to be as strong and competent as possible Weakness: arrogance, always needing another battle to fight Talent: competence and courage The Hero is also known as: The warrior, crusader, rescuer, superhero, the soldier, the winner and the team player.
by changing the way we move through cities will adjust the future development of how we as landscape architects act when designing cities. the car for example has taken away the life of the streetscape, producing skinny fields known as footpaths, forcing people to cross the road… a territory dominated by cars where people are second best, flooding the only existing ground, dictating practice to design for the growth of cars when “traffic congestion is "caused by vehicles, not by people in themselves"” (Jacobs, 2004), which isn’t an error by the people… it is simply negligent conduct that has been performed by planners in highly dense urban fabrics.
testing_ the everyday_city_ page___________________11
176m
172m 168m 164m 160m
156m
"there were the street people and there were the air people. air people levitated like fakirs . . . access to the elevator was proof that your life had the buoyancy that was needed to stay afloat in a city where the ground was seen as the realm of failure and menace." - hunting mister heartbreak: a discovery of america.
152m 148m
144m 140m 136m
132m
128m
124m 120m
116m
112m
108m
‘‘the city is never an end state but is perpetually evolving’’ - the temporal city
104m
100m
96m
92m
88m
84m
enlarge
80m
76m
72m
68m
compress
64m
60m
56m
52m
48m
layer
40m
36m
elevate
44m
32m
28m
24m
20m
16m
12m
layer
8m
4m
grid
tower crane: -0m -1m -2m -3m -4m -5m -6m
control point
t h e
h e r o
-7m -8m
Motto: Where there’s a will, there’s a way Core desire: to prove one’s worth through courageous acts Goal: expert mastery in a way that improves the world Greatest fear: weakness, vulnerability, being a “chicken” Strategy: to be as strong and competent as possible Weakness: arrogance, always needing another battle to fight Talent: competence and courage The Hero is also known as: The warrior, crusader, rescuer, superhero, the soldier, the winner and the team player.
-9m -10m
tower cranes are a modern form of balance crane that consist of the same basic parts. Fixed to the ground on a concrete slab (and sometimes attached to the sides of structures), tower cranes often give the best combination of height and lifting capacity and are used in the construction of tall buildings. The base is then attached to the mast which gives the crane its height. Further, the mast is attached to the slewing unit (gear and motor) that allows the crane to rotate. On top of the slewing unit there are three main parts which are: the long horizontal jib (working arm), shorter counter-jib, and the operator's cab.
as the city is now a nonstop machine that is defined by built structure, people are confined to their micro apartments stacked vertically for hundreds of metres, nobody knows the person living five metres away from them. the attempt to design micro communities within skyscrapers has failed, spawning a cluster-fuck of vertical blocks where nobody knows anybody, where it has almost got a point where we as landscape architects "should have “let the psychotics take over, they alone understand what was happening"” (ballard, 1975). "what has fascinated us most is the behavior of ordinary people on city streets — their rituals in street encounters, for example, the regularity of chance meetings, the tendency to reciprocal gestures in street conferences, the rhythms of the three-phase goodbye"” (whyte, 2004).
testing_ the everyday_town_ page___________________12
study_ situation one_ enclose descend compress the light situation two_ expose elevate the tree laundry_
“a new social type was being created by the apartment building, a cool, unemotional personality impervious to the psychological pressures of high-rise life, with minimal needs for privacy, who thrived like an advanced species of machine in the neutral atmosphere. This was the sort of resident who was content to do nothing but sit in his over-priced apartment, watch television with the sound turned down, and wait for his neighbours to make a mistake.” - j.g ballard_high-rise
situation one_
t h e
h e r o
enclose compress heat the light descend situation two_ expose enlarge cool the light elevate
outdoor space_ situation one_ layer enlarge expose cool the tree situation two_ expose compress heat the light
dining room_ bathroom_
situation one_
situation one_
compress enclose heat the light
compress enclose grid heat the light lounge room_ situation one_ enclose compress heat the light situation two_ elevate enclose heat the tree
situation two_
kitchen_
enlarge expose the tree
situation one_ compress enclose heat the light situation two_ enlarge expose the tree
this manifesto caters for the strange, the unknown and the everyday people who occupy the ground, wherever that may be… which is a question that we must pose in the future;
“cities have the capability of providing something for everybody, only because, and only when, they are created by everybody.” - jane jacobs
where is the ground? who are the strangers that occupy it? how can we redesign existing space to benefit the community?
Motto: Where there’s a will, there’s a way Core desire: to prove one’s worth through courageous acts Goal: expert mastery in a way that improves the world Greatest fear: weakness, vulnerability, being a “chicken” Strategy: to be as strong and competent as possible Weakness: arrogance, always needing another battle to fight Talent: competence and courage The Hero is also known as: The warrior, crusader, rescuer, superhero, the soldier, the winner and the team player.
"the more successfully a city mingles everyday diversity of uses and users in its everyday streets, the more successfully, casually (and economically) its people thereby enliven and support well-located parks that can thus give back grace and delight to their neighborhoods instead of vacuity."” (jacobs, 2004)
testing_ the everyday_communal_ page___________________13
towards carlton
future ground
future ground
future ground
current ground
future ground
bourke street
bourke street
franklin street
"the more successfully a city mingles everyday diversity of uses and users in its everyday streets, the more successfully, casually (and economically) its people thereby enliven and support well-located parks that can thus give back grace and delight to their neighborhoods instead of vacuity." ” - jane jacobs, the death and life of great american cities
collins street
collins street
lexicon
metempsychosis the supposed transformation at death of a soul of a human being or animal into a new body of the same or different form. landscape urbanism The theory of landscape architecture as a way of designing cities where urban planning is considered second, generating structures around the landscape as form. commons An understanding of practice derived from a traditional English legal term for common land, which authorizes member of the general public to access all cultural and resources that are needed at any point in time. privatized A transfer of public to private land, that is only accessible by the owner public Open to all or shared by all the people of an area or country singular (Of a word or form) Denoting or referring to just one person or thing communal Shared by all members of the community; for common use city
towards st kilda
A border--the perimeter of a single massive or stretched-out use of territory--forms the edge of an area of 'ordinary' city. Often borders are thought of as passive objects, or matter-of-factly just as edges. However, a border exerts an active influence.” - jane jacobs
franklin street
A large town
references
Ballard, J.G.B, 1975. High Rise. 1st ed. RMIT Library : Jonathan Camp. Philippe Rahm Architects. 2009. Domestic Astronomy . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.philipperahm.com/data/projects/domesticastronomy/index.html. [Ac¬cessed 19 March 2017]. Graham, S.G, 2014. Special Section: Urban Problematic II. Super-tall and Ultra Deep: The Cultural Politics of the Elevator, Vol. 31(7/8) 239–265, 240-265. Nightingale Housing. 2017. Nightingale Housing Homepage. [ONLINE] Available at: http://nightingalehousing.org/. [Accessed 21 May 2017]. Raban, J.R, 1998. Hunting Mister Heartbreak: A Discovery of America. 2nd ed. The University of Virginia: Vintage Books, 1998. Gehl, J.G, 2010. Cities for People. 2nd ed. RMIT Library: Island Press, 2013. Jan Gehl. (2011). ‘Bird Shit Architecture’ in Brasilia and Beyond . [Online Video]. 2 September 2011. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=hnq1SvmZUYU. [Accessed: 26 April 2017]. Assemble: Mitra Anderson-Oliver. 2013. Blueprint City . [ONLINE] Available at: http://assemblepapers.com.au/2013/06/13/cities-for-people-jan-gehl/. [Accessed 26 April 2017]. Jacobs, J.J, 1962. The Death & Life of Great American Cities. 2nd ed. RMIT Library: Vintage. Jacobs, J.J, 2004. The Dark Age. 2nd ed. RMIT Library: Vintage; Reprint edition. Whyte, W.H.W, 2004. The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces. 3rd ed. Project for public spaces, 153 Waverly Place, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10014: Project for public space.
scale
Hilberseimer, L.H, 1981. Metropolisarchitecture and Selected Essays. 2nd ed. Columbia University, 1172 Amsterdam Ave., 409 Avery Hall, New York, NY 10027: GSAPP BOOKS 2012.
A graduated range of values forming a standard system for measuring or grading something
Ballard, J.G.B, 2004. Super Cannes. 2nd ed. Australia: Picador.
elevator A device consisting of an endless belt with boxes attached, used for raising people to an upper/lower storey for accessibility
Hardin, G.H, 1968. The Tragedy of the Commons. Science, Vol 162, Issue 3859, pg. 1243-1248 Bishop, P., & Williams, L. (2012). The temporary city. New York: Routledge.
the use of our current ground peaked in the 1960s then the one we occupy today is stagnant, inoperable, exhausted, flat, lifeless, monotonous, characterless, outof-date, dysfunctional and simply dead, future landscape architecture practice must consider verticality as a method of design in the near future. boundaries on building envelops need to be pushed as “"a border-the perimeter of a single massive or stretched-out use of territory--forms the edge of an area of 'ordinary' city. often borders are thought of as passive objects, or matter-offactly just as edges. however, a border exerts an active influence"” (jacobs, 2004). by resurrecting the term landscape urbanism as the main form of generating cities, we can then push the boundaries of urban planning, landscape architecture and architecture as disciplines that work together across multiple scales to for once – design a city for people. people do what they want to do, meaning we can’t simply accept the form of a skyscraper as a method to housing people in our cities, well we can…. but, we need to accept the impending microscopic privatized space that will be layered into our cities. by re-drawing melbourne in three dimensions, future practice can then understand the unused or the non-programed, so design won’t simply be an addition to space, it will be a the design of public programs in privatized space, to be an expansion of the existing through the examination of the fourth dimension. as "a city is never an end state but is perpetually evolving"” (bishop & williams, 2012) we must constantly redraw in three dimensions what we believe the city to be, to then listen to the singular and communal to be able to shape our cities, not for the corporate monsters that only expect economical gain, but for the strangers who live there every day.
projections_ future research_ page___________________14