Queensland University of Technology
ASSIGNMENT 1
WOOLLOONGABBA’S UDA STRATEGIC PLAN Benedicto Gunawan (n6433766)
DAN 100 Architecture Master Studio 1
Introduction
1
Pattern Language
7
Strategic Planning
18
Building Proposal
30
Introduction
Contents Strategic Planning
1.1. Infrastructure Redevelopment
3
3.1. Proposed Masterplan
19
1.2. Mapping and Analysis
4
3.2. Mapping and Analysis
20
1.3. UDA Respond
6
3.3. Street Sections
21
3.4. Site Sections
26
Pattern Language 7
Building Proposal
2.1.1. Identifiable Neighborhood
8
3.1. Opera House / Theatre
31
2.1.2. Neighborhood Boundary
9
3.2. Market of Many place
32
2.1.3. Promenade
10
3.3. Sustainable Commercial Building
33
2.1.4. Shopping Street
11
2.1.5. Accessible Green
12
2.1.6. Small Public Squares
13
2.1.7. Individually Owned Shops
14
2.1.8. Pedestrian Street
15
2.1. Selecting the Pattern
2.2. Arranging The Pattern
16
2.3. Strategic Vision Poster
17
Introduction The Woolloongabba UDA’s high level of accessibility provides a unique opportunity to develop the site as a key southern ‘gateway’ into the city. It also presents an opportunity to create a community ‘heart’ that services and connects the Kangaroo Point South and Woolloongabba communities. However, development will be required to provide activated ground floor street frontages in key areas including along Stanley Street, along the main pedestrian walkways and around the central urban park and plaza areas. On this strategic plan I will try to emphasize on readjusting the existing infrastructure to maximize the potential of the site
1
2.2.Patterns Selected
2
1.1. Infrastructure Re-Development Infrastructure is key on the UDA ‘s Development since the site incorporates several major roads and important intersection with complex interrelationship to the Pacific Motorway. Several 3D-model is necessary to illustrate and to aid in preparing the strategic resolution to maximize the potency of the site. Additionally I attempted to explain the relationship between the road and its context using the pattern that I’ve found in the book Pattern Language by Christopher Alexander. The findings within the book will later be manifested to the design resolution of the Masterplan
3
Main Access
Main St
Motorway Entrance / Exit
Main St
Main Circulation
Main St
4
1.2. Mapping and Analysis The Woolloongabba UDA occupies a 10.25 hectare site in a highly visible inner-city location only 2 kilometers from the CBD. The Pacific Motorway passes through the UDA which is bounded by several major roads – Vulture Street to the North, Main Street to the east and Stanley Street to the south – all of which are heavily trafficked. Allen Street is included within the UDA along the western boundary. Vulture and Stanley St are in one-way direction and together with Main St and Allen St establish a solid circulation of vehicle’s movement
Transition Lane / Key Street
Main St
Inaccessible Green / Wasted area
Main St
Leopard St passes through the site and become major connection from Kangaroo Point residential precinct to Pacific Motorway. The edge of this street meet with the transition lane from Exit 2 and often create a huge line of vehicle on the Stanley St intersection. The existing greenery is inaccessible and became wasted as well as a waste of space. There is also a semi-underground Bus lane from South Bank – City – Woolloongabba. Some potential street also has been identified, such as Hubert St that possess a numerous prospective benefits to be incorporated in the strategic plans. This street is a main way for several high-rise residential building located next to the area.
Bus lane
Main St
5
1.3. UDA Respond
The Good (+) 1. Creative Resolution in respond to re-allocation of some key infrastructure elements, such as the Motorway’s ramp extension 2. Very high awareness to existing condition such as a full-mature existing oak tree along the Main St
The Bad (-) 1. The Plan does not incorporate encouragement for positive development in terms of social and culture. The site is bland and abstract and deserve a significant identity’s development 2. Bus Station allocation is arguable, centralization of public transport node can be troublesome for adding some distance to the Gabba Stadium
6
Identifiable Neighbourhood Neighbourhood Boundary
Protect the land and mark the limits of the cities
RING ROADS
Determine city development and orientation as well as encouraging the formation of local centre
NETWORK OF PATH AND CARS PEDESTRIAN STREET WEB OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SMALL PUBLIC SQUARES
PROMENADE
ACCESSIBLE GREEN
2.1. Selecting the Pattern Pattern language is not a matter of invention and choosing the right pattern to work with is never an easy task. Alexander himself was not really inventing a pattern language but instead was discovering the pattern language used by people through the ages to create livable spaces. Therefore, it is practical to begin with identification of several elements that is considerably related to the original pattern languages, and the best part is to let the pattern guides you to explore and form the intended language. On the right is all the patterns that I have found
Establish community and neighbourhood policy to control the character of the local environment
Reinforcing the monumentality of the City with vocal point and community centre
Shopping STREET
FOUR-STORY LIMIT INDIVIDUALLY OWNED SHOPS BEER HALL STREET CAFE
CORNER GROCERY
As a Space Activator And pedestrian attractor
TRAVELER’S INN FOOD STANDS
OPENING TO THE STREET
Encourage network growth and adjacent connection between
NIGHT LIFE
MARKET OF MANY SHOPS
SMALL PARKING LOTS BUS STOP
7
2.1 Selecting the Pattern 1. Identifiable neighborhood (14) “People need an identifiable spatial unit to belong to, where they can be free with themselves and be free to whom they really are�
This is where it all begins. Human is a social creature and at the same time an individual with personal preferences and privacy. In a community of ten people, each individual will present themselves in their own unique appearances and behavior. In a community of a hundred, these individual will feel the necessity to form in smaller group with those who have common goals and interest and yet still keep a fair amount of their own unique identity. This relationship repeated in a larger community of a thousand, and the larger the group; the less identity could be preserved by each individual. The needs to take on approval from other people is getting bigger, otherwise exclusion is inevitable. In such community it is difficult for each individual to find his true self; people are having difficulties to distinguish themselves from other people. They lingered in a limited space where other people’s acceptance is the main parameters. Therefore, people need an identifiable space to belong to, where they can be free with themselves and be free to whom they really are.
8
2.2.Patterns Selected 2. Neighborhood Boundary (15) “the Physical boundary needed to protect subcultures from one another� The strength of the boundary is essential to a neighborhood. If the boundary is too weak the neighborhood will not be able to maintain its own identifiable character. This is the root concept of fortification. It is not a wall to separate the existing entity with the outside world but a boundary to preserve the functional integrity of the community and strengthen them by providing a multitude interaction between the inside and the outside.
Boundary of Brooklyn, NYC. Boundary is a tool to define a sense of belonging in a land. A tool of acknowledgement of existence
9
2.2.Patterns Selected 3. Promenades (31) “A promenade could be a main street that has grown too busy for cars to be able to pass through� A promenade could be a main street that has grown too busy for cars to be able to pass through. This street will then be specified only for pedestrians. A promenade is a common element in the small towns of Italy, Spain, or Mexico. It is where people could go to get in touch watch others, to stroll and browse, and to wander. It connects one activity nodes and another. It is one of the most beautiful elements a town could have. Not only because of the many things you can find inside it but because it’s simply where people with a shared way of life gather together to rub shoulders and confirm their community.
Views of promenade in Holland. Promenade is the like street theaters; they invite people to watch others, to stroll and browse and to loiter
10
2.2.Patterns Selected 4. Shopping Street (32) “It is essential for the shopping street to be located near major traffic and yet is sufficiently apart from them.� It is because the shoppers themselves do not benefit from traffic, instead they need a quiet, comfort, and convenient place with access from the pedestrian paths in the surrounding area. In most cases there are many shops that were arranged along the major traffic arteries. However, this is convenient only for cars, but is inconvenient for pedestrians. To be convenient for both traffic and people walking, a shopping street needs to be connected to the fabric of the surrounding town, and has to be arranged along a street, but opening off a major traffic artery, with parking behind or underneath to keep the cars from isolating the shops from surrounding areas.
View of Wanfujing Shopping Street, Beijing
11
2.2.Patterns Selected 5. Accessible Green (60) “People need green open places to go to; when they are close they use them, but if the greens are more than three minutes away, the distance overwhelms the need.�
There is in fact a very good example on this case. Greenery located about 3 minutes from the heart of Fortitude valley, a beautiful wide open park but circled with three main streets; and yet there are very few people that could be found there, not because that people are unaware of its existence but the needs for greenery was overwhelmed by the fact that people has to cross a huge street to be able to reach it. It is the walk-ability factor that counts. Therefore, not only it is very important that this greenery is accessible within 3 minutes of walking, the obstacles between the pedestrian and the greenery also needs to be reduced
View from Forsyth Park, Savannah, USA. This beautiful park becomes the heart of the city of Savannah and highly accessible from the city
12
2.2.Patterns Selected 6. Small Public Squares (61) “A public square is the largest, most public rooms that the town has.� But when they are too large, the look and feel deserted. A public square has to be the outmost vocal point in the city. This is where the public could feel unified with the town itself. It is the ultimate landmark, and a significant guidance for visitors to understand where they are in the city. It is natural that every public square will swell out at the most important nodes where there is the most activity. And it is the only element in the city which can accommodate the public gatherings, small crowds, festivities, bonfires, shouting which must have their place in the life of the town.
Placa de Catalunya is considered to be the center of Barcelona, and is where the Eixample and the old city meet
13
2.2.Patterns Selected 7. Individually Owned Shops (87) “In a chain shop/supermarket transaction is between the shop keeper and the customer.� In such condition, interaction does not encourage much of communication. Shop keeper in a chain shop/supermarket can never replace the hospitality and warmth atmosphere from the shop owner himself. It works the same even in higher level, the larger the shops, the less personal their service is. This is also due to the limitation that the shopkeepers have almost no control over the good they sell, the food they serve; policies are tightly controlled; the personal quality of individually owned shops is altogether broken down. To get this quality back, encourage the development of individually owned shops. Approve applications for business licenses only if the business is owned by those people who actually work and manage the store. Approve new commercial building permits only if the proposed structure includes many small rental spaces.
A simple grocery belongs to one of the merchants in Fortitude Valley, Brisbane, Australia
14
2.2.Patterns Selected 8. Pedestrian Street (100) “In today’s society, people movement is taking place in indoor corridors and lobbies, instead of outdoors.� This happens partly because the cars have taken over streets, and made them uninhabitable. Most of the time, it is the scale of the street that prevent pedestrian to feel comfortable walking on it. Some of them are too wide and all of the cars are moving too fast and this will make the street becomes abandoned and dangerous. To recreate the social intercourse of public movement, the movement between rooms, offices, departments, buildings, must actually be outdoors, on sheltered walks, arcades, paths and streets, which are truly public and separate from cars. Even though there should still be some junction that could be pass through the network of paths and cars (52). At this case the width of the street has to be sufficient for car to pass through while at the same time encouraging interactions between pedestrians in both sides of the streets. View from a pedestrian street in Flensburg, Germany
15
2.2. Arranging the Pattern IDENTIFIABLE NEIGHBORHOOD
16
Defines NEIGHBORHOOD BOUNDARY (15) to form a distinctive society; arrange a NETWORK OF PATHS AND CARS (52) to ease access from and to the area; place PEDESTRIAN STREET (100) intersects the NETWORK OF PATHS AND CARS (52) to create a meeting point between cars and pedestrians while at the same time generate a safe and comfortable pedestrian areas. Establish a WEB OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT (16) in a strategic place adjacent to ACTIVITY NODES (30); convert one block of the main road into a PROMENADE (31), arrange MARKET OF MANY SHOPS (46) along this PROMENADE (31). Place STREET CAFÉ (88), CORNER GROCERY (89), BEER HALL (90), TRAVELER’S INN (91), FOOD STANDS (93), and with OPENING TO THE STREET (165) along the PEDESTRIAN STREET (100), make sure all of these space activators are INDIVIDUALLY OWNED SHOPS (87). Limit the height of these buildings into FOUR-STORY LIMIT (21); eventually, don’t forget to place a SMALL PARKING LOTS (103) nearby. The arrangement of all these patterns will theoretically complete the pattern an “IDENTIFIABLE NEIGHBORHOOD (14)”
2.3. Strategic Vision Poster
2.2.Patterns Selected
18
3.1.Strategic Planning Pacific Motorway to The Brisbane’s CBD
1. Leopard St Extension, serves vehicle with two extension lanes heading to Gold Coast
2. Vulture St and Main st Intersection. Heavily congested during traffic hours. Proposed additional lanes Vulture St (one way) Vulture St via motorway
1
C Water St (one way via southbank)
5
2
B
Stanley St (one way)
5. Bus Ramp to existing underground bus lane is preserved.
A Main St intersection
3 4
Pacific Motorway to Gold Coast
3. Road Extension to Hubert Street. Provides additional access to the site via pedestrian oriented lane.
4. Connection to existing bus lane is preserved. Modification on ramp slope’s is necessary
19
3.2.Mapping and Analysis
Pacific Motorway to The Brisbane’s CBD
Building’s footprint needs to adjust with the layout of the road. The grey area represents the mid-low storey's zone. Vulture St (one way) Vulture St via motorway
Water St (one way via southbank) Main St intersection
Stanley St (one way)
Different height and topography’s condition of the site significantly determined the location of the tower. These towers need to be strategically positioned to maximize the visibility of the site
20
Pacific Motorway to Gold Coast
3.2.Mapping and Analysis
Pacific Motorway to The Brisbane’s CBD
The Site possess two potential entrance for pedestrian. Judging from the walk-ability and the surrounding of the site. The first main entrance (A) is located on the main intersection of Vulture St and existing Leopard St. This entrance presents a sensible direction for pedestrian access due to its adjacency with the Kangaroo Point’s Residential Precinct Vulture St (one way)
A generous portion of the site is allocated for greenery to reduce the urban heat effect due to the contour’s condition of the site
Vulture St via motorway
A
Water St (one way via southbank)
Main St intersection
B Stanley St (one way)
Urban Connection as the heart of the pedestrian movement. This is where the highest concentration level of activity is occurred. Responded with market place design.
Pacific Motorway to Gold Coast
The second main entrance (B) is located next to the bus station as the main distribution point. Therefore it needs a welcoming transition such as a small public square and accessible green
21
3.2.Mapping and Analysis
Pacific Motorway to The Brisbane’s CBD
Exit 2 is re-located right next to the motorway to maximize space efficiency
Vulture St exit is preserved yet it is proposed to be under the ground now Vulture St (one way) Vulture St via motorway
Pacific Motorway Entrance is re-located right next to the motorway to maximize space efficiency Water St (one way via southbank)
Main St intersection
Stanley St (one way)
Exit 2 to Stanley St is preserved
22
Transition Lane provides immediate possibility to turn around
Pacific Motorway to Gold Coast
Existing bus way lane is preserved but will be completely underground
3.2.Mapping and Analysis Vulture St, Main St, Stanley St, and Allen St formed a High Speed Traffic Circulation around the site. (the big picture)
Pacific Motorway to The Brisbane’s CBD
Vulture St (one way) Vulture St via motorway 1
5
1
6
Water St (one way via southbank)
4 2
Main St intersection
3
Stanley St (one way)
Leopard St is converted particularly for inner circulation. The vehicle flow from Leopard St intend to go to motorway is now altered to the new extension.
Pacific Motorway to Gold Coast
I proposed inner circulation for flexibility inside the side, incorporating a major access via one way road combined with two ways lane on several entrance
23
3.3 Street Section
1
2
3
24
Street 1 Presents major opportunity to draw the traffic into the site. It operates mainly from Vulture St and posses two lanes with single direction to ensure traffic clarity to the area with two temporary parking spots on both side of the street.
Street 2 A very wide open street next to the main park at the site. This street is also consisted of two lanes with single direction and a parallel parking next to the park
Street 3 Mainly functioned as the main gateway to the site. Incorporates four major lanes to serves both direction (in-out). There is no temporary parking space on both side to reduce congestion
3.3 Street Section
4
Street 4
5
Street 5
6
Mainly functioned as secondary entrance to the site. Consisted of two lane ways to serves both direction and ensure flexibility (in-out). It also incorporated parallel parking space on both sides.
As some part of Leopard St is taken away and diverted into the new extension. There is a significant possibility of increase traffic flow on the Vulture – Main St intersection. Therefore it Is sensible to propose additional turning lane to Main St.
Street 6 Mainly functioned as the main gateway to the site. Incorporates four major lines to serves both direction (in-out). There is no temporary parking space on both side to reduce congestion
25
3.4. Site Section
Allen St – Main St Section
This section incorporates several key streets such as Allen St and Main St and its relationship to the purposed building.
Leopard St Extension to Motorway
Pacific MWY Matter Private Hospital
Roof Garden
Underground Bus Lane Allen St
Public Arcade
Greenwall Feature’s on Tower’s Façade to filter airborne and distribute fresh air. Also promotes sustainable technology
Roof Garden 10 m Setback to building over podium
26
Urban
10 m Setback to building over podium
3.4. Site Section
Allen St – Main St Section
This section incorporates several key streets such as Main St and Allen St and its relationship to the purposed building.
Connection Inner Vehicle Circulation (ExLeopard St) Indoor Promenade
Indoor Arcade / Plaza
Arcade
Inner vehicle circulation Main St Roof Garden
5m Setback Awning
27
3.4. Site Section
Vulture St – Stanley St Section This section incorporates several key streets such as Vulture St and Stanley St and its relationship to the purposed building.
Main Arcade
Inner vehicle circulation
Void Inner vehicle circulation + Parking Spot
Vulture St
Entrance Park Main Park 10 m Setback to building over podium
28
Stanley St
2.2.Patterns Selected
29
Building Proposal
Leopard St is converted particularly for inner circulation. The vehicle flow from Leopard St intend to go to motorway is now altered to the new extension.
A
C B
30
A Theatre / Opera House Designing a Theatre/ Opera House presents a profound opportunity and benefits to the site. However several pre-requisite need to be satisfied in order to successfully activate the site. The building needs to carry a significantly important meaning to the surrounding. Either from the sculptural element of the building or its social value. For instance the Oslo Opera House. It generates an instant public square as well as open arcade for the public by incorporating its sculptural element as a huge ramp to capture the coast view of Oslo.
S
The opera house will be able to maintain visitors to the site as a compliment to the Gabba Stadium. These two major element can create a consistent human flow to the site when each of them held an event simultaneously
W
The roof of the building angles to ground level creating a large plaza inviting pedestrians to walk up and enjoy the panoramic views of Oslo. The angles and paving materials are also skateboard-friendly allowing skateboarders to use some areas. This is a very good resolution on how to make lively and active public spaces.
Designing a successful theatre can be a challenging task and sometimes can cost a lot of money. Therefore careful consideration and judgment needs to be conducted prior to building construction
O
Sculpturally pleasing building can significantly draw people’s attention to the site. This can be a good starting point for the UDA’s development. Additionally, its adjacency to the Motorway can be beneficial as selfpromotion
T
Unsuccessful public facilities can cause an enormous lost of profit and disadvantages.
31
B Market of Many Shops In order to draw people to the site, they must be given a reason on the first place. One of the easiest way to draw people’s attention is to create a shopping arcade with a busy promenade surrounded by a walkable pedestrian street. The quality and the experience on the promenade is not necessary to be modern. There are many traditional quality that can be mix with simple design of the building. High-Rise Residential / Kangaroo Point Residential Precinct
S 32
Presents a feasible ideation to create a level of consistency of people visiting the site. This level of consistency might encourage a new cultural development on the area to replace the blandness of the surrounding area
W
Uncontrolled market growth may possess some disadvantages such as garbage and waste issues. Maintenance can also be quite expensive when the market has exceed their capacities
O
Adjacency with Kangaroo’s Point Residential precinct and several high-rise residential surrounding the area offers an opportunity to generate visitor’s on a daily basis, in which means people who come to the site regularly
T
While the cultural opportunity might present, there is also a marketdriven society threats. A market-driven society such as chain restaurant may not add any cultural value to the site, instead it erodes them.
C
Along the edge of the park, the building steps up, floor-by-floor, in a stratification of low, landscaped terraces. Each terrace floor contains an array of gardens for meditation, relaxation, and escape from the congestion of the city, while the top terrace becomes a grand belvedere, providing an incomparable view of the bay of Fukuoka and the surrounding mountains.
Sustainable Commercial Building The adjacency of the site with Kangaroo Point offers a numerous possibility as an urban catalyst to Brisbane’s southern hemisphere. A sustainable Commercial Building could become a pioneer for introducing sustainability lifestyle to Brisbane’s CBD to another level. Features, such as green wall also provide important benefit to filter airborne from the motorway and distribute fresh air to the site
CONTOUR
S
Apart from self-promotion design, a successful sustainable design can have an immediate impact to the surrounding. For instance, the benefits of thermal comfort produced could overcome the heat-bowl effect from the topography of the site
W
Inappropriate design resolution might increase expenditure in terms of maintenance and lifecycle of the technology
O
The existence of Motorway could also help promote this precinct as initial precedence of green technology. The building design could be sculpted in a way that vehicle users can see the intended purpose of the building to introduce sustainable technology to Brisbane.
T
Many Green features carries several ecosystem benefits such as increasing biodiversity life of several insects or bugs that may cause some inconvenience.
33