EVALUATINGSTRATEGIESFORIMPROVING RAILWAYINFRASTRUCTURE THECASEOFKHARAGPUR JUNCTION Ronit Kumar Purohit Manas Pratim Kalita Harsh Gupta Mohita Dasgupta Ayush Kumar Vivek Kumar Anshul Singh Ranu 22ID60R19 22ID60R16 22ID60R30 22ID60R04 22ID60R14 22ID60R26 22ID60R12 22ID60R29
2 Content Introduction Methodology LiteratureReview KharagpurStation OperationalCharacteristics SocialandPhysicalInfrastructure Services GapAnalysis Proposal
Introduction
Investmentcommitmentstoinfrastructureprojectswithprivate participationbyregion,1990–2014
Economic Growth
Qualityof Life
Foundational Services
EstimatedaverageannualinfrastructurespendinginOECDandBRIC countries(newandreplacementinvestments)inselectedsectors,2000 2030,inUS$billionasapercentageofglobalGDP Source : UBS (2006), Private Participation
Workshop // Introduction
Infrastructure Development
Project Database (2016) 4
in Infrastructure
Development Foundational Services Transportation Resilience Social Infrastructure Government Services Green Infrastructure Energy Water Infrastructure Digital Infrastructure Energy Transportation SocialInfrastructure Workshop // Introduction 5
Infrastructure
Cultural Significance
Focal Points
Economic Activities
Workshop // Introduction 6
Social Activities Transportati on Railway Infrastructure Transportation Railway Infrastructure
▪ Railway infrastructure covers a large area and is often difficult to maintain given its complexity, number of stakeholders, weather variations, and physical components designed and developed for previous traffic and trackconditions.
▪ UsuallyStationfacilitIesaudithasbeenneglectedandneedstobeupgraded.
Research Need
COMPLEXITY MULTIPLE STAKEHOLDERS MULTIPLE VARIABLES Workshop // Introduction 7
To analyse and resolve the existing disorder of the station and propose efficient, pleasurable and universally accepted services for the users which gives the city it’s essential functional andsymbolicpresence.
Objectives
● Toassessthefactorsaffectingtheefficiencywithinthestationintermsofactivities.
● Toidentifyissuesandevaluatetheuserperspectiveregardinggapsintermsof infrastructure.
●
Tominimizepresentdisorderandproposestrategiestoimprovepresent functioning.
Aim
Workshop // Introduction 8
Methodology
Introduction
ResearchMethodology
AimandObjectives LiteratureReview ProblemIdentification DataCollectionandAnalysis GapIdentification andImprovement ConclusionandRecommendations Workshop // Methodology 10
LiteratureReview
FunctionalareasofRailwaystation
Flowdiagramoffunctionalelementswithinrailwaystations
Workshop // Literature review 12
Source:Paper on “Intermodal Concept in Railway Station Design” by S. Kandee
Area/Users Activities Requirements Core Passengers Visitors Staff • Departure - Ticket Schedule Check Ticket Booking - Baggage Handling Fare Collection Gate Check in - Security Check Waiting • Arrivals Meeting & Greeting Reclaiming Baggage Gate Check out • Entry - Security Check • Concourse - Info Kiosks / Help Desks Signage’s / Display Boards Ticket Counters w/ w/o Baggage Check ins / Ticket Vending Machines Snack Bars / Book Stalls / AVMs • Peripheral Area Entry Gate Automated Ticket Collectors / Staff Waiting Area / Seating - Baggage Screening Devices • Peripheral Area Exit Gate - Meeting Point / Waiting Area / Seating Baggage Reclaim / Holding Peripheral Passengers Staff • Departing, Arriving &/or Working Boarding / Alighting Loading and Unloading Maintenance - Platforms Tracks Guard / Driver’s Cabins - Announcers Cabin Cargo Holding Area - Workshop or Vehicle Service Areas Traffic Signaling Controls Transit Passengers Visitors Staff • Departing, Arriving, Working &/or Visiting Using Public Facilities Walking to Vehicles or waiting around before boarding Shopping or Eating • Connecting or Circulation Areas Public Service Facility viz. Restrooms, Public Urinals & Lockers Amenities such as Shops, Restaurants and Snack Bars Business Centers / Banks / ATMs Administrative Staff Visitors • Working & Traffic Controlling Systems Working - Controlling Traffic Systems and Functions in the Stations • Offices Management / Administration / Support Staff - Operations / Traffic Controlling Staff Cafeteria / Restrooms
areasofRailwaystation Workshop // Literature review 13
Functional
LevelofService(LOS)andDwellTime Terminal Area Allocated Space (m²/passenger) LOS A B C D E F Check-in Queue 1.71 1.53 1.35 1.17 0.99 System B r eakdo w n Wait / Circulate 2.61 2.25 1.8 1.44 0.99 Hold Room 1.35 1.17 0.99 0.81 0.54 LOS Average Space (m²/p) Flow Rate (p/min/m) A > 5.6 0 – 16 B 3.7 5.6 16 23 C 2.2 – 3.7 23 – 32 D 1.4 2.2 32 48 E 0.7 1.4 48 74 F < 0.7 Variable LOS Average Space (m²/p) Flow Rate (p/min/m) A > 1.9 < 16 B 1.6 – 1.9 16 – 20 C 1.1 1.6 20 26 D 0.8 1.1 26 36 E 0.5 – 0.8 36 – 48 F < 0.5 Variable IndianRailwaysfollows“J.J.Fruin’sLOSPerformanceStandards”
Source: Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) 2010 Source: Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) 2010 AllocatedspaceperpersonintheTerminalarea AverageflowLOScriteriaforWalkway LOScriteria
staircase AccordingtoIndianRailways
LOS
shallbemaintained,
seasonalpeakLOS
Workshop // Literature review ▪ ItistheAverageTimeaperson
space
time
▪ Aspeoplemovefaster Dwelltimeisshorter DwellTime 14
Source: Indian Railway Manual for Standards and Specifications for Railway Stations (June 2009)
for
Manual,
C
whereasin
Distolerable.
isina
orProcess (Avg.
spent/pax.)
KharagpurStation
KharagpurJunction
SOUTH
RAILWAYS CHAKRADHARPUR RANCHI STATION ADRA STATION KHARAGPUR STATION LARGEST DIVISION OF SE
EASTERN
Workshop // Kharagpur station 16
Source:https://ser.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1655106921139KGP.jpg Kharagpur junction station (Previously known by Bengal- Nagpur railways) came into existence. 1898-99 Kharagpur –Cuttack line was opened on new years day 1899 Opening of the bridge over the Rupnarayan River at Kolaghat, connecting Howrah with Kharagpur. 1900 The Kharagpur - Midnapore branch line was opened 1901 Kharagpur junction was longest platform in the world 2013 Kharagpur junction is 4th longest platform in the world 2021
KharagpurJunctionandSurroundingareas
Observations
● Railwayneighborhoodcolonies dominatetheurbanlandscape towardstheSouthoftheRailway Station.
● Thestationisintegratedintothe citybythetwoparallelmajor roads.
● Thestationdividesthetowninto two.
● Hospitalsarelocatedata strategiclocationincaseof emergencies.
● Theareatowardsthenorthhasn’t beenplannedandithas organicallygrownunlikethe South.
Workshop //
area, West Bengal 17 Ft
Source : Available data on ArcGis Online, Google Earth and Perspective Plan for Midnapore Kharagpur Planning
Landuse Topography
RoadNetwork
Source : Available data on ArcGis Online, Google Earth and Perspective Plan for Midnapore Kharagpur Planning area,
Mapping Workshop // Kharagpur station
West Bengal 18
Ft
SitePlan 1. PRSCounter(Southernpart) 2. StationParking 3. Platformbuildings 4. RouteRelayInterlockingblock 5. FOB1andFOB2 6. PRSCounter(Northernpart) 7. ParkingnearthenewFOB Legend: Workshop // Kharagpur station
: Available data on ArchGis Online, Google Earth and Perspective Plan for Medinapur Kharagpur Planning area, West Bengal, Kharagpur Railway Station Offices.
showingdescriptionoftheplatforms. 19 Ft
Source
Table
Mapshowingthepositionofthehawkersaroundthestation
Hawkers. Commercial
Source : Primary Survey Workshop // Kharagpur station 20 Ft
OperationalCharacteristics
RouteRelayInterlockingBuilding KeyPlan
Source : Primary Survey
Workshop // Kharagpur station
ControlroomofKharagpurStation
RRIBlockPlan
22
ElectronicInterlockingrouteofKharagpurstation
TRAINS ORIGINATING (TOTAL/DAILY) TERMINATING (TOTAL/DAILY) PASSING (TOTAL/DAILY) TOTAL (TOTAL/DAILY) MAILEXPRESS 6/4 0 161/43 167/47 LOCALTRAIN 12/12 0 33/32 45/44 TOTAL 18/16 0 194/75 212/91 Train movement pattern at Kharagpur Station (Daily Average) OperationalCharacteristics TrainMovements 38% 48% 10% 1%2%1% Mail Express Freight Local Special Train Duronto Shatabdi Percentage Share of Train Types FreightTrain 200 (approx)daily. 23 2 28 10 30 6 31 20 10 25 27 PF 1 PF 1A PF 2 PF 2A PF 3 PF 3A PF 4 PF 5 PF 6 PF 7 PF 8 Train Nos. Platform wise Train Operations (Daily Average) Source : Primary Survey Workshop // Operational Characteristics 23
UserFlowMapping
OperationalCharacteristics KeyPlan
UserEntryFlow
UserExitFlow
• Userhereincludes
• Passengers : Thosewhoare comingtoandgoingoutof thestation.
• Vendors takingtheFOBfor crossingthestation.
• Normalpeoplewhotakethe FOB’sforcrossing
Source : Primary Survey Workshop // Operational Characteristics
PRS BlockPlan
24
OperationalCharacteristics PassengersBuyingTicket 7692 71 6 834 123 5595 6115 25 2 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 Mobile booked Mobile MST Mobile QST PRS Booked PRS Cancelled ATVM Booked UTS Booked UTS MTS UTS QST Type of Booking System Graph showing average ticket sold (Daily Average) TheabovegraphdoesnotincludetheticketsoldoutinIRCTC. TypeofBookingSystem: PRS PassengerReservedSystem UTS UnreservedticketingSystem ATVM AutomaticTicketVendingMachine MST MonthlySeasonTicket QST QuarterlySeasonTicket Dailyabout20,000ticketsonanaveragegetsoldinKharagpurstation. Source : Primary Survey , Ticket Register from Kharagpur Station Workshop // Operational Characteristics ATVM Booking Machine 25
OperationalCharacteristics DailyFootfallEstimations ▪ UsingvideographymethodfromCCTV. ▪ HeadCountsatbothNorth SouthEntry/Exit Points. ▪ Fromticketspurchasedeveryday. PEAKHOURS PLATFORM NUMBERS 18:00 2:00 1,2,3,4 4:00 9:00 5,6,7,8 Peak hours of footfall in the station Schematic diagram with survey locations ENTRY/EXIT ENTRY EXIT TOTAL SOUTH 11000 7000 18000 NORTH 5000 3000 8000 TOTAL 16000 10000 26000 % OF SHARE 61% 39% Station users peak hour volume ( Average Peak hour Head Count ) TotalPeakHourFootfallis26,000passengersapprox Source : Primary Survey Workshop // Operational Characteristics South Entrance to KGP Station 26
OperationalCharacteristics
▪ PeakHourFactorhas beentakenas52%of average24hourfootfall. ▪ 50,000approxdaily footfallsinstation premises. ▪ 72%passengerfootfall atSouthsidebecauseof: •Availabilityoftaxistand, totostand.
area.
toIITKharagpur.
ENTRY EXIT TOTAL DIRECTIONAL DISTRIBUTION
20000 14000 36000 72%
7000 9000 14000
27000 23000 50000 100%
DIRECTIONS
SOUTH
NORTH
28% TOTAL
DailyFootfallEstimations
Stations users volume per day (Daily Average)
Workshop // Operational Characteristics Source : Primary Survey 27
•Parking
•Close
Schematic Map showing level of congestion in both end
OperationalCharacteristics DwellTime STATIONCOMPONENT UNRESERVEDDEPARTING PASSENGER(inmin) RESERVEDDEPARTING PASSENGER(inmin) ARRIVINGPASSENGER (inmin) Subway/Waitingroom 4 5 3 CoreArea 3 1 0 AdminandTransportArea 1 1 1 TrackSidePeripheralArea 25 15 4 Total 33 22 8 Average Dwell Time 68% 75% average dwell time is spent in Track Side Peripheral area i.e. Platforms and their approach (vertical movement through stairs/elevators/escalators) by departingpassengers. Workshop // Operational Characteristics Source : Primary Survey Platform area 28 Entrance to Subway
OperationalCharacteristics QueuingPatternofTicketCounter DESCRIPTION AREA(insqm) PASSENGER(inmin) ALLOCATEDSPACE (sqm/person) LOS SouthSideTicket Counter 132 100 1.32 C NorthSideTicket Counter 60 50 1.2 D Average allocated space in ticket counter in normal time Average allocated space in ticket counter in peak hours DESCRIPTION AREA(insqm) PASSENGER(inmin) ALLOCATEDSPACE (sqm/person) LOS SouthSideTicket Counter 132 150 0.88 E NorthSideTicket Counter 60 70 0.85 E Workshop // Operational Characteristics Source : Primary Survey Concept diagram representing LOS C in South side Concept diagram representing LOS E in South Side 29
30 OperationalCharacteristics StairwaysandEscalators Service AverageWidth (inm) AverageSpeed (m/min) AverageSpace (sqm/pax) LOS Staircase 3 18.5 0.78 E Escalators 1 30 1.3 C LOS assessment of Stairways and Escalators Service Speed(m/min) Flow(pax/m/min) Space(sqm/pax) LOS FOB1 44.4 7.875 1.14 E FOB2 40.71 1.96 21.375 A Foot-OverBridge LOS assessment of FOB 1 and FOB 2
FootOverBridge
200m Area 400sqm Workshop // Operational Characteristics Source : Primary Survey
FootOverBridge2
285m
sqm
Old
Length
New
Length
Area 1710
OperationalCharacteristics
31
Workshop // Operational Characteristics Source : Primary Survey
South Side Ticket Counter with waiting area
North Side Ticket Counter Under construction PRS Counter in North Side
Old Foot Over Bridge
New Foot Over Bridge Escalator
SocialandPhysicalInfrastructure
33
infrastructure Physical infrastructure Access and approach Transition zones
Workshop // Infrastructure
STATIONPREMISES Social
Divyangjan SWOT
Analysisofpublicutilitiesandpresentqualityofservicesofthestationpremises
Mapping of Infrastructure facilities
Infrastructure
Workshop // Infrastructure Source : Primary Survey
34
Analysisofpublicutilitiesandpresentqualityofservicesofthestationpremises
Mapping of Infrastructure facilities
Infrastructure
Workshop // Infrastructure Source : Primary Survey
35
Infrastructure
RatingofPhysicalInfrastructure
Workshop // Infrastructure Source : Primary Survey 36
Entrance showing Info Display of Train Drinking water Facility
37 Infrastructure AssessmentasperStandards FACILITY PRESENTCONDITION RAILWAYSTANDARD REMARKS InformationDisplaySystem Present yes,Notfully Operational Present AtEveryplatform, entranceandexit CoachpositionDisplay SystemShould beOperationalas Perrequirement Announcement System Automated &Manual , Available3 Languages IntegratedwithGPSsystem, havingHindi,English&local language ManualAnnouncement shouldbemoreClear SeatingArrangement Notasperrequirement Minimum100passenger perplatform Seatingcapacityshouldbe Increased DrinkingWater UnhygenicCondition atdrinkingarea IScode10500(2012) Drinkingplatformshouldbe cleanasperrequirement Lighting Artificial&Natural Controlled byStationManagementSyst em Lightingshouldbeproperly functional Workshop // Infrastructure Source : Primary Survey
RatingofSocialInfrastructure
ATM at the entrance 2nd Class Waiting Hall
Infrastructure Workshop // Infrastructure Source : Primary Survey 38
Infrastructure AssessmentasperStandards
FACILITY PRESENTCONDITION RAILWAYSTANDARD REMARKS
39
WaitingHall(AC&NonAC) Private&Railway AsperRailwaymanual& NBCCcode Foodcourt&libraryshould bepresent ATM Available MajorbanksATMshould bepresent ATMshouldbeoperational 24x7 Medical Absence IndianRailwayestablished code(vol1) Basicmedicalfacilities shouldbeavailable Security PresentatEntrance RailwayPropertyAct1966 Propervigilanceand securitycheck tobegiven Cleanliness Average SwachhRail,Swachh Bharatabhiyan2014 Cleaningfrequencyandnoof respectiveworkersshouldbe increased Workshop // Infrastructure Source : Primary Survey
RatingofApproachandAccess
Parking area
Approach road to Station
Infrastructure Workshop // Infrastructure Source : Primary Survey 40
RatingofTransitionZones
Infrastructure Workshop // Infrastructure Source : Primary Survey 41
Subway New Foot Over Bridge Old Foot Over Bridge
Infrastructure AssessmentasperStandards
FACILITY PRESENTCONDITION RAILWAYSTANDARD REMARKS
LevelChange
AsperNorms
Asperrailwaystandard
Handrailshouldbeprovided forsupport
RoadCondition
Roadwidthatentrance way=12m&at accessway=8m& sidelap=3m
Proximity
Elevators
Drivingdistancefrom Railwaystationto busstation=3km&distance tobigbazar=2km
Two
AsperStatePWD
ProperTrafficCirculationto beensured
Developmentaltrafficshould bewithin5kmradius NA
Asperrailwaystandard
Stairs
Bothatentranceandexitof FOB
FOB Two,60:40Distribution
Asper equivalentIndianstandard
Atleast 6mwide,FOBwithboth,stairs &rampshouldbe providedfor seniorcitizen,patients &hand icapedperson
Underpass
Lift
6feet width
5liftsarepresent,53.1sec avgtime
AsperRailwayBoardguide linestheheightis2.5mto3.6 mandwidthis4m
Asperrailwaymanual (0.6m/sto1m/s)
Maintenance onrequired interval
Cleaningshouldbedoneon regularinterval
Channelizationofpassenger fromoldFOBtonewFOB
Newsubwayshouldbe providedasperpresentLOS
Averagewaitingtimeshould bedecreased
42
Workshop // Infrastructure Source : Primary Survey
Divyangjan
Divyangjan
Asteptowardsinclusivespaces:Understandingusers
Source: https://www.freepikcompany.com/legal#nav freepik agreement
Workshop // Divyangjan
AnyIndiancitizenwith40%ormore
defined
its
Age
years.However,
caseofpersonswithmental
theeligible
would
years.
Seniorcitizens
Patients STUDY GUIDELINES FROM “Guidelines on accessibility of Indian railway stations and facilities for differently abled persons (Divyangjans) and passengers with reduced mobility” OBSERVATIONS PUBLIC ANNOUNCEMENT SYSTEM SIGNAGES STATION ACCESSIBILITY PARKING TICKET COUNTER HELP BOOTHS PLATFORM ACCESSIBILITY TOILET DRINKING WATER FOOTOVER BRIDGE SWOT StudyMethodology 44
a)
disability(Disabilityas
inPwDAct,2016or
amendments) b)
above18
in
retardation,
age
beabove14
c)
d)
Mapping of Divyangjan facilities
Workshop // Divyangjan
Divyangjan
Source : Primary Survey 45
Divyangjan A OBSERVATIONS MADE ON PUBLIC ANNOUNCEMENT SYSTEM FOR DIVYANG YES APPLICABLE IN SOME CASES NO REMARKS 1 Announcements regarding the position of Divyang friendly coach 2 Efforts made for better acoustics, sound legibility and audibility to enhance information access through public announcements B OBSERVATIONS MADE ON SIGNAGES FOR DIVYANG YES APPLICABLE IN SOME CASES NO REMARKS 1 Standardized illuminated signage of all facilities with clear visibility from distance Present in platform number 3 and 3A 2 Braille signage 3 The Coach Position Display system C OBSERVATIONS MADE ON STATION ACCESSIBILITY FOR DIVYANG YES APPLICABLE IN SOME CASES NO REMARKS 1 Adequate space for entry and exit 2 Ramps for the access to the lift 3 Tactile guiding blocks 4 Battery operated cars Observations Workshop // Divyangjan Source : Primary Survey 46
YES
NO
1 A
2 Floor
accessibility 3 Help
YES
NO
1 Provision
2 The
YES
NO
1 Facilities
2 Accessible
3 Location
4 Signage
Workshop // Divyangjan Source : Primary Survey 47
Divyangjan Observations D OBSERVATIONS AND SURVEY MADE ON PARKING FOR DIVYANG
APPLICABLE IN SOME CASES
REMARKS
minimum of two car parking lots for Divyangjan
and vertical signage with blue and white pictogram of
Booth/entry of station E OBSERVATIONS MADE ON TICKET COUNTER FOR DIVYANG
APPLICABLE IN SOME CASES
REMARKS
of low height ticket and enquiry counters duly marked as being Divyang friendly with accessibility signage
queue segregating handrails F OBSERVATIONS MADE ON HELP BOOTHS FOR DIVYANG
APPLICABLE IN SOME CASES
REMARKS
of wheelchairs, other assistive devices like crutches
Help Booth(s) manned by ‘‘Divyangjan Sahayaks’
of Help Booth at the entry/exit of the railway station with prominently identifiable by signage for ease in assistance to persons with disabilities and others
provided or Enquiry Booth
Workshop // Divyangjan Source : Primary Survey
ON PLATFORM
FOR
YES
NO
1 High contrast tactile flooring 2 Structural elements like columns or coach position indicator poles, painted in contrasting colour scheme from the bottom to 900
above to allow adequate visual contrast for persons with low vision/colour blindness 3 Platform numbers and other signage for platform amenities
ON TOILETS
YES
NO
1 Toilets with universal accessibility features 2 Signage of Universal accessible toilets 3 unisex toilet cubicle with accessibility features 48
Divyangjan Observations
G OBSERVATIONS MADE
ACCESSIBILITY
DIVYANG
APPLICABLE IN SOME CASES
REMARKS
mm
H OBSERVATIONS MADE
FOR DIVYANG
APPLICABLE IN SOME CASES
REMARKS
Divyangjan Observations Workshop // Divyangjan Source : Primary Survey I OBSERVATIONS MADE ON DRINKING WATER BOOTHS FOR DIVYANG YES APPLICABLE IN SOME CASES NO REMARKS 1 Drinking water points accessible for Persons with Disabilities on each platform 2 Clearly visible signage J OBSERVATIONS MADE ON FOOTOVER BRIDGE FOR DIVYANG YES NO REMARKS 1 Ramp 2 20 ft wide 3 Tactile guiding and warning blocks 4 Signage indicating the direction towards the various platforms 5 Escalator One of the escalators was not working 6 Elevator 5 elevators of 5 capacity each 49
Services
PARKING CREWLOBBY GENERAL (a)Four-wheeler SW (b)Two-wheeler S (c)Two-wheeler N (d)Two-wheeler SE GENERAL 1. FourWheelers 2. TwoWheelers 3. CrewLobby 4. Cyclesandtwowheelers Vehicle Categories Vehicle Categories ParkingAssessment 1 1 1 2 3 4 Workshop // Parking Source : Primary Survey
ParkingAssessment CrewLobby
Only for railway staff driversandguards.
• 1200 1400 Nos vehicles.
• Motor cycle and bicycle standonly.
• Shortageofspace.
• Over crowded.
• Unauthorizedparking.
• Nosecurity.
• This parking area is to be shifted to a differentlocation.
Combined Crew
Outside the Lobby
Overcrowded
Workshop // Parking Source : Primary Survey
Inside the lobby
Key Plan
➢ Egra ➢ Kalaikunda ➢ Gorbeta ➢ Ghatal ➢ Midnapore,etc KHARAGPUR JUNCTION Respective Workplacesin betweenKGP-HWH orKolkata ParkingAssessment FourWheeler Four wheeler parking Four Wheeler parking Key Plan Workshop // Parking Source : Primary Survey
ParkingAssessment
FourWheeler
Parking Gate
• Nos50/60avgvehicles.
• Rent:Rs40/12hrs
• Twogates:eachforentryandexit.
• MostlyOmnitaxiarepreferredbythelocalities.
• Drivers
• Theydemandtheperhourticketing/bookingsystem.
• Lackoftoiletsanddrinkingwaterfacilityisproblematicfor them.
• Over crowded(duringfestivaltimes).
1. Noshedsprovided.
Parkingpatternisunorganized unsorted.
Lackoflightingfacility.
Unabletoaccesstoilets drinking waterfacility.
Thereisn’tanymechanicshop nearby.
OBSERVATIONS:
2.
3.
4.
5.
Workshop // Parking Source : Primary Survey
No Parking Zone
2wheelerprivatecontract-South
& Exit crowded
Gate No sheds Sub standard Floor Tripal
Plan Workshop // Parking Source : Primary Survey
ParkingAssessment
Entrance
Single
Key
ParkingAssessment
Observations:
▪
Rs7/12hrs cycle;Rs12/12hrs motorcycle: Nos350/day
▪ Highlyover crowded&unorganized.RushdecreasesduringFestivals.
▪ BasicinfrawassupposedtobeprovidedbytheRail.Department,butitsmissing.
▪ Uncementedfloor,duringrainandnodrainagefacilityaddstomudproblem, creatingamessfortheuserstoaccessvehicles.
▪ Impropercounterfacilityforbooking.
▪ Asinglenarrowgateusedforentryaswellasforexit;resultingcongestion.
▪ Nowashroom/drinkingwaterfacility.
▪ Noshedding.OnlyasmallfractionofparkinghasshedofTRIPAL.
▪ Usersfacedifficultinidentifyingtheirvehicleasitsmovedtoanotherspotbythe attendantinordertoaccommodateotherincomingvehicles.
▪ Anotherstandhasbeen shutdownforayear,sothisaddedtomorecongestionat currentparkingstand.
Workshop // Parking Source : Primary Survey
•
• Motorcycle 80cycle 100
• Lackofshadesandlightingfacility.
• Onlyonegateprovidedforentry exit.Over crowded.
• Waterlogging
Nodrinkingwater-washroomfacilities.
• Sub standardflooring.
ParkingAssessment TwoWheelerParking-North
Workshop // Parking Source : Primary Survey
Key Plan
58
Assessment AssessmentasperStandards Facility CodalProvision Present Remarks ParkingSignage Required Absent AccessibilityPoints: 1.CrewLobby 2.Four wheeler(SW) 3.TwoWheeler(S) 4.TwoWheeler(N) 5.TwoWheeler(SE) 24 3 8 6 3 0 1 0 0 0 NoofGates: 1.CrewLobby 2.Four wheeler(SW) 3.TwoWheeler(S) 4.TwoWheeler(N) 5.TwoWheeler(SE) 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 Allfacilitiesshouldbe designedaspercodal provisions. Flooring Concreteflooring Mudflooring Shedding Required Absent,somewhereCanvas isused. Proximity <200m <100m Washroom/drinkingwater Required Absent Lightingfacility Required Insufficient Workshop // Parking Source : Primary Survey
Parking
WaterSupplyandDrainage ExistingCondition SourceofWater • 6Borewells • Discharge7000gph • Depth:100-110ft Storage • 2Over-headtanks(1Lakhgalloneach) • UndergroundReserveTank Treatment • PressureWater • OxidationFilter • Electro-Chlorination DemandandSupply • TotalDemand:7.3lgpd • TotalSupply:4.9lgpd Workshop // Water supply and Drainage Source : Primary Survey, : Water Department, KGP Railway Station
Workshop // Water supply and Drainage Source : Primary Survey, : Water Department, KGP Railway Station PF.NO TAP (NOS.) HAND PUMPS (NOS.) WATER HUTS TROLLIES (NOS.) WATER COOLERS (NOS.) WASHABLE APRON (NOS.) CARR WATERING (M) SEATS (NOS) LAV (NOS) URINALS (NOS) 1/1A 42 0 0 1 483 200 9 5 2/2A 36 0 0 2 484 444 168 10 5 3/3A 34 0 0 1 385 280 4 0 4/4A 32 0 0 1 359 296 164 3 1 5/6 54 0 0 1 547 497 1216 4 5 7/8 48 0 0 1 580/580 318 0 10 WaterSupplyandDrainage ExistingWaterSupplyInventory
WaterSupplyandDrainage
• Norainwaterharvestingsystem
• Insufficient drinkingwatersupply
RecentUpgradationinWaterSupply
Constructionofanewtreatmentplanthas beenproposed.
Tomaintaindemandandsupply15%ofthe watersupplyisfulfilledbythekanasbati river.
Allthenormalapronisgoingto bewashableapron.
Nowcarrwateringisdonebyquickwater system.
Observations • Only4%ofwastage
• 24*7tapmaintenance
• Imbalancedemandandsupply
Workshop // Water supply and
Washable Apron
Drainage
KGP
Source : Primary Survey, : Water Department,
Railway Station Normal Apron
Carr Watering
62
SupplyandDrainage AssessmentasperStandards Water Services Present Condition Scarcity In Supply 2.4 Lgpd (shortage) ProperDistribution Yes WaterVendingMachineAndTaps LowMaintenance PipeForDrinking Sanitation SingleDistribution TreatmentProcedure AsPerNorms RainwaterHarvesting No StorageTank AsPerNorms Workshop // Water supply and Drainage Source : Primary Survey, : Water Department, KGP Railway Station
Water
63 WaterSupplyandDrainage AssessmentasperStandards ITEM MINFACILITY ASPERNORMS ACTUAL WAITINGHALL(SQM) 250 2297 329 TAP/HP(NOS.) 120 220 246 LAVATORIES 12 8 63 URINALS(NOS) 12 8 39 SEATS(NOS) 900 659 2517 NOOFWATERCOOLER 12 7 SHELTER(Sqm) 3000 9227 28001 Workshop // Water supply and Drainage Source : Primary Survey, : Water Department, KGP Railway Station
64 WaterSupplyandDrainage AssessmentasperStandards :WaterQualityParameters(IS:10500-2012) S.No. Characteristics Desirablelimit Permissiblelimit CurrentQuality 1 Turbidity(NTUscale) 5 10 2 ColourHazenunits 5 25 3 Tasteandodour Unobjectionable 4 Phvalue 6.5 8.5 No.relaxation 7 5 Totaldissolvedsolids(mg/l) 500 2000 500 6 TotalhardnessasCaCO3(mg/l) 300 600 7 ChloridesasCI2(mg/l) 250 1000 0 8 SulphatesasSO4(mg/l) 200 400 9 FluoridesasF(mg/l) 1 1.5 10 NitratesasNo3(mg/l) 45 100 11 IronasFe(mg/l)max 0.3 1 0.02 12 Residualfreechlorine(mg/l) 0.2* do 0.2 Workshop // Water supply and Drainage Source : Primary Survey, : Water Department, KGP Railway Station
GapAnalysis
• The present operational capacity of the station is not functionally adequate to cater to the daily flow of trains ( both passenger 91andfreight 200).
• AfunctionalandmaintenancegapisobservedforATVMmachines,whichcontributestounavoidablequeuing.
• NarrowaccessatspecificpointsnearFOBandPlatform3givesrisetobottlenecks.
• Agapinworkingconditionsofthedisplaysystemisobservedthatcontributestomiscommunicationandpanic.
• Sanitaryconditionsarebelowpar.
• Majorlackintheprovisionofbasicmedicalfacilitiesincaseofemergencies.
• Thefunctionalaspectofunreservedretiringroomsare belowparandcanbeupgraded.
• Signagerequirementsarenotaccordingtostandards.
• AmajorgapinDivyangjanprovisionsisobservedregardingtheplacementoftoilets,signages,andaccessibility.
• Parkingcapacitydoesnotmeettheparkingrequirement.
• Inadequatesecurityandpoordrainageareobservedattheparkinglot.
• Waterqualitydoesn'tadheretostandardsandisdependentonasinglesource.
65
Workshop //Gap Analysis Source : Primary Survey
Bottlenecks at FOB
Drainage
Parking
Bottlenecks at Subway
66 GapAnalysis 2nd class waiting area Damaged infrastructure Ticketing area FOB
STRENGTHS WEAKNESS
● Provision for basic amenities and infrastructures majorlycoincideswiththementionedstandards.
● Parkingrentisaffordable.
● Marketarea&busstationwithin3km.
● Functionaloperationalfacilities.
● Uniform distribution of social facilities to meet demand.
● Confusingaccesspoints.
● Holding capacity and operational issues with a projectedincreaseinflow.
● Poorparkingconditions.
● Hygieneproblemsinspecificzones.
● Uneven distribution of users and between the twoFOBsleadstocongestionandbottlenecks.
● Lowholdingcapacityofretiringrooms.
OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
● Divyangjanfacilitiescanbeupgradedtoimprove thepresentfacilities.
● Moreprominencetomainaccessandegress pointscancontributetosmoothercirculations.
● FullutilizationofthenewFOBcanhelpinthe properdistributionofusersandlightenthe dependencyontheoldone.
● Socialinfrastructurehasthepotentialtobe expandedtogetonboardwiththelatestfacilities anddemand.
● Hygieneconditionshasalotofscopefor upgradation.
● Lack of organizational aid and concentration can lead to severe bottlenecks at critical points andeventuallystalling.
● Congestion on the FOB can threaten the safe movementofDIVYANGJANasitistheonlyspine ofcirculationforthegroup.
● Below par quality of potable water can cause thespreadwater bornediseasesandeventually avoidableepidemics.
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Workshop //Gap Analysis Source : Primary Survey
SWOTAnalysis
DesignProposal
69 SiteDevelopment AreasofIntervention Waiting and ticketing areas Display systems Toilet and Drinking water Spaces for facility management Medical facilities/clinic Flexible space division in departure and arrival platforms FOB integration to the proposed extra level Station Frontage and arrival Workshop //Site Development
Conceptual Development
Phase1:How?
70
Workshop //Site Development
71
Development
Ideology Departure Arrival Arrival & Departure Hierarchy of spaces Line of Sight Space within a Space Inside out Spaces Openings at various spaces Overhead Plane with both physical and visual flow Cross Ventilation Workshop //Site Development
Conceptual
Design
Conceptual Development
FormDevelopment
Existing
72
Proposed Form Development sketches Workshop //Site Development
73
Development SitePlan 1. ProposedBlock 2. ProposedPRSBuilding 3. Parking 4. Platforms 5. FOB1 6. FOB2 Legend: Workshop //Site Development
Site
SiteDevelopment
SiteIsometricView
74
Workshop //Site Development
SiteDevelopment Sitesection
IsometricSectionalView
LongitudinalSectionoftheStation
KeyPlan
75
Workshop //Site Development
76 SiteDevelopment OverallGroundFloor 1. PRSBlock 2. Departurearea 3. Officialblocks 4. Platform Legend: 1 2 3 4 4 Workshop //Site Development 1 4 4 3 4 2
77 SiteDevelopment OverallFirstPlan DeparturePlatform Escalator Toilet KioskandPharmacy WaterCooler GreenPockets SittingSpace Workshop //Site Development
ExplodedView
78 SiteDevelopment
Workshop //Site Development
UserFlowDiagram(GroundFloor)
Flow diagram of passenger departing, arriving and connecting through trains. Blue Arrow signifies departure passenger moving towards the departure floor. Red arrow shows arriving passenger coming out of the station. Yellow arrow shows passenger moving to departure floor to connect their connecting train.
79
SiteDevelopment
Workshop //Site Development
Development
UserFlowDiagram(FirstFloor)
Flow diagram of passenger departing and connecting trains. Red arrow shows passenger going to the platforms, after the train has been announced. Blue arrow shows passenger coming to the waiting area to connect their connecting train.
80 Site
Workshop //Site Development
PRSBlock
PRSBlock
KeyPlan
A. ReservationCounter
B. TicketQueue
C. OfficialSpace D. Entrance
E. Waitingarea
F. ATVMMachine G. Subway(towardsDeparture)
View of the PRS Counter from the main road Flow of Departure Passengers
81 Site
Development
H. Toilet A B C D E F G H
Workshop //Site Development
SiteDevelopment
Platform1&3DepartureandArrival
DepartureareaconnectingPRSblockthrough subwayandconnecting ArrivalPlatform ArrivalPlatform
OfficialSpacesofrailway
KeyPlan
View of the escalator connecting both the levels Flow diagram of all kind of passenger.
82
Workshop //Site Development
83 SiteDevelopment FirstFloorPlatformArea DeparturePlartform Kiosks Toilet WaterCooler Columns KeyPlan Departure Platform view Workshop //Site Development
84 SiteDevelopment Sections
arrows showing the wind flow
the station)
Plan
ventilationthroughoutthe Stationduetostackeffect. GroundPlatform FirstFloorPlatform Ceiling RoofLevel Lvl+1m Lvl+6m Lvl+12m Lvl+15m Workshop //Site Development
SectionAA Section BB (Blue
throughout
Key
Natural
Louvres
NoFlushUrinals
• In order to limit liquid waste and save water, traditional toilets for man arereplacedbywaterlessurinals.
• These require lower setting fees and service security. The principle is used a slight piece of liquid which undergo waste from human but avoidthesmell.
• Footfall:50000
• Numberofmen:35000
• Urinalrequirement accordingtoNBC:
• 4urinalsforfirst 1000 passenger and1after thatforevery 1000 passenger.
• TotalUrinalsrequired:38
• FlushCapacity=10liters/urinal
• Approx. frequency ofurinal usage=15000men
• Water required= 38*10*15000= 5.7lakhliters/day 5.7lakhliters/day willbesaved byusingwaterless urinals.
Water urinals
Efficient fittings
Dual flush toilets Low flow taps Smaller bath sizes Low flow
85
showers
SiteDevelopment Services
Workshop //Site Development
86 SiteDevelopment
Platforms
(coveredarea) 1.Polishedgraniteflooring. Platform(uncoveredarea) 3.Fiberreinforced vacuum dewateredconcrete flooring FOB pathways 2.Flamedgraniteflooring 1 . 2 . 1 . 3 . Workshop //Site Development
Flooringfor
Platform
SiteDevelopment
Structure
ConceptualsketchofthetypeofSteelcolumn andbeamused
.
Plan
.
Floorfrombottom
Elevation
AllrailwayrelatedstructuredesigndrawingsaretakenfromRDSO(ResearchDesignandStandard Organisation).AboveisanexampleoftheFOBusedinKGPstationearlier.
87
Workshop //Site Development
Elevations
EastSide Elevation
South Side Elevation
88
Workshop //Site Development
SiteDevelopment
Views
Viewofthe ArrivalPlatform
Viewshowinglevel difference ofthe departure andarrival platform
89
Workshop //Site Development
SiteDevelopment Views
ViewofArrivalplatform anddeparture platform
90
Workshop //Site Development
SiteDevelopment Views
91
Workshop //Site Development
ViewofKioskandInformationboardonDeparture concourse
92
Workshop //Site Development
SiteDevelopment
93 Appendix Workshop //Site Development
94 References Workshop //Site Development
ThankYou
95
