• The visual mapping process is useful for getting diverse groups of stakeholders on the same page. • Gender is a central part of the analysis, which is often rare in other development planning or program assessment tools and approaches. • The analysis highlights the need for gender disaggregation in measuring program impact to help reveal if there are differential outcomes for men and women receiving the same program intervention. Combined with an in-depth analysis of access and resources, it may be possible to infer, to some extent, why these gender differences may exist.
The Harvard Analytical Framework is not designed to enable the following: • While gender analysis is central, identifying the source of power or social inequities is not the primary focus. This limits the ability to create strategic or targeted initiatives designed to decrease inequalities or increase access to power. • Stakeholder participation in defining the analysis is not fully developed or encouraged, limiting grassroots’ input. • Often analysis can tend toward the economic rather than focusing on broader equality and gains in women’s rights. • There is no mechanism for assessing pathways of change, which limits the extent of understanding around why a program intervention works.
B. The Moser Gender Planning Framework The Moser Gender Planning Framework, developed by Caroline Moser,41 is a tool for planning and assessing assumptions related to gender in development interventions at all levels, including policy, program, project, or community work. The Moser Framework introduces the notion of women’s triple roles, i.e., productive, reproductive, and community involvement and maps them over a 24-hour period. Productive roles are those tasks that are monetarily reimbursed. Reproductive roles are those associated with child rearing/raising and caretaking of the home (e.g., cooking/cleaning). Community Involvement highlights those tasks related to collective support and community gain. Given women’s inequality in comparison to men and their triple roles in families, communities, etc., the Moser Gender Planning Framework also assesses practical and strategic needs. Practical needs are immediate needs necessary to ensure safety, heath, and basic needs, such as water, sanitation, health care, etc. These do not fundamentally transform gender discriminatory power structures. Strategic needs, on the other hand, forward women’s equality and empowerment by challenging those power structures, such as having equitable laws, living free from domestic violence, etc.
41 Caroline Moser. 1993. Gender Planning and Development: Theory, Practice, and Training. London: Routledge.
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