INNOVATION:
PARTICLE COUNTING
WASTEWATER
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View of the reactor
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centrifuge as a oily process slu dge, w hich is disposed to an industrial waste trea tme n t fac ility T h e fo u r m ain conversion products thus have very low m erc ury levels. Most of the other heavy m etals present in the sludge are classified to the char produ ct, as shown in T able 2. Upon combustio n of the char in the HGG , most of the heavy m etals are classifi ed to the ash , as show n in T able 2. Only a small quantiry of cadmium and lead are vaporised in the H GG . T he m etals in the ash are speciated as silicates and oxides and are thus non-leachabl e, m aking the ash suitable for reuse in concrete prod ucts. Due to the good co ntrol of heavy m etals (and organochlorine components) in the process only simple gas cleaning is required to m eet the stringent emission
limits se t b y th e D ep artme nt o f Environmental Pro tection (DEP). Gas cleaning comprises a simple ve nturi scrubber for particulate removal and an SO 2 scrubber. Plant emissions , together w ith the D EP and German emission limits are shown in T able 3 . As can be seen plant emissions are well below the standard $et in both Australia and E urope. O f m ost signifi cance is that the dioxin emissio n level is over 300 times lower than the German standard.
Authors Trevor Bridle (T echnical D irector) a n d Dr. Tim Casey a r e w it h Enviro nm ental Solutio ns Internatio nal Ltd, 21 T eddington R d, Burswood WA 61 00 and Margaret Domurad is w ith the Water Corporation of WA, 629 N ewcastle St, Leederville WA 6007 . Email trevorb@environ.com. au
Table 3. Plant Emission Levels and Standards (mg/ Nm 3 ) Parameter
Particulates
DEP Standard
12
75
TA Luft (17 BlmSchV) Standard
30
so, co
<36 45
100
HF
Not detected
5
4
HCI
19
Cd
0 .01
50 0 .03
60 0.05
Cu
0 .36
2 .0
0.5
Cr
<0 .007
0.5
0.5
~enelei>
Hg
0 .008
0 .05
0 .05
Ni
0.11
0.5
0 .5
Phone: 1300 73 2233
Pb
0.08
0.5
0.5
Tl
0 .0001
0 .05
0.5
Zn
0.1
1.0
CHEMTRAC 2500 SERIES SCM Chemtrac is world renowned for their range of patented streaming current monitors (SCM) for coagulant control and sludge dewatering . Chemtrac ' s SCM' s maintain high quality finished water, reduce coagulant costs and improve operator efficiency.
Scientific
Fax:
1300 73 2244
email: info@kenelec.com.au www.kenelec.com.au
58
Plant Emission Value
WATER MARCH 2002
Dioxins (ng TEQ/ Nm 3 )
0 .00032
200 50
0.1