FISH I.D. Project Austin Ward
Mr. Arrington 2nd Block Table of Contents Saltwater: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Great Barracuda Peacock Flounder Porbeagle Blue Marlin Crocodile Shark Picasso Fish Whitetip reef shark French Angelfish Sailfin Tang Blackback Anemonefish Clown anemonefish Atlantic bluefin tuna Skipjack tuna Albacore Fangtooth
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
California sheephead Chinook salmon Leather Bass Spiny Puffer Common Dolphinfish Atlantic Salmon Sockeye Salmon Rainbow Trout Brook Trout Striped Sea-Bass Freshwater: channel catfish North African catfish electric catfish sheatfish green sunfish bigmouth bass smallmouth bass redear sunfish central stoneroller brook stickleback Macquarie perch Fathead minnow Longnose gar Spotted gar Florida gar Shortnose gar Alligator gar White bass Rock bass Brown bullhead Bluegill Yellow bullhead goldfish cardinal tetra black crappie Saltwater invertebrates: Thimble jellyfish Purplestriped jelly Sea nettle Lion’s mane jellyfish Eared stalked jellyfish Moon jelly Purple-spined sea urchin Long-spined sea urchin Common sand dollar
60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
(Alaskan) king crab Green crab Florida stone crab Yellowline arrow crab Giant Japanese spider crab Chinese mitten crab Freshwater in: Freshwater jellyfish Black spot flatworm Eastern grass shrimp Daggerblade grass shrimp Asian clam
Title: Saltwater
Species#: 1
Common Name: Great Barracuda Scientific Name: Sphyraena barracuda Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Sphyraenidae Geography/ Habitat: The Great Barracuda lives in nearly all warm seas. They like tropical regions such as Indo-Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. They live around coral reefs and they avoid brackish water unless ready to spawn. They prefer water temperature between 74F and 82F, but they have been in found in much colder water. Life Strategy: It is not clear on the reproduction of the Great Barracuda, but they like to reproduce in colder weather. They usually reproduce in estuaries and when they reproduce they leave their larvae, and at about 500mm the young will move out of the estuarie and move into open water. Food/ Feed Strategy: The fish are very aggressive fish and will eat other fish. When the Great Barracuda is young they feed on small things like silversides, small mullets, etc. When they get older they will eat mackerel, or even dolphin depending on their habitat. They use a sit-and-wait strategy, and their shape and color reduces their visibility to prey.
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Body Form or Style: Sagittiform Swim/ Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: terminal
Citation: Fuller, B. 2000. "Sphyraena barracuda" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 13, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sphyraena_barracuda.html.
Title: Saltwater
Species#: 2
Common Name: Peacock Flounder Scientific Name: Bothus lunatus Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Pleuronectiformes
Family: Bothidae Geography/ Habitat: The Peacock Flounder lives in tropical and subtropical regions. They can be found off the coast of Florida, Bermuda, and down the coast of South America to Brazil. They live in clear waters and they live on sand and rock bottoms. They can be found at depths as great as 80m. Life Strategy: A male Peacock Flounder can reproduce with 6 different females during one mating season. They usually mate during the change in warm and cold water, and they also usually mate just before dusk. When mating the two fish begin to rise in the water, and after the rise a cloud of sperm and egg is released. This rise in the water takes about 15 seconds. After mating the male checks and makes sure mating was successful, and then the two fish swim away from each other in opposite directions. Food/ Feed Strategy: The adult flounders are restricted to feeding on other benthic organisms. They usually eat marine invertebrates, and they are very active eaters. They have a unique feeding behavior to stun their prey.
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Body Form or Style: Depressiform Swim/ Locomotion Style: Anguilliform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Otterbein, K. 2011. "Bothus lunatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 13, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Bothus_lunatus.html.
Title: Saltwater
Species #: 3
Common Name: Porbeagle Scientific Name: Lamna nasus
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Chondrichthyes
Order: Lamniformes
Family: Lamnidae Geography/ Habitat: Porbeagles live in the Northern Hemisphere of the Atlantic Ocean (from South Carolina to the southern edge of Svalbard, Norway. The Porbeagle is primarily found in cold waters and is commonly swimming alone. This fish remains off shore during winter and comes a little inshore during the summer. The average deep is about 715m, and the average temperature is about 1C to 18C. Life Strategy: Porbeagles mate from September to November. There are two mating grounds for the western North Atlantic. It is found of the coast of Newfoundland and in Georges Bank in the Gulf of Maine. While mating Porbeagles bite their mate’s pectoral fins and flanks in order to remain stable. Porbeagles only breed once a year. Food/ Feed Strategy: Porbeagles feed on a variety of pelagic fish including lancetfish, herring, sardines, etc. They also may feed on other sharks, and sea snails and sea urchins, which says they are near the bottom.
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Body Form or Style: Fusiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform Mouth Position: terminal
Citation: Edmunds, J. and R. Meredith. 2011. "Lamna nasus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 13, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lamna_nasus.html.
Title: Saltwater
Species #: 4
Common Name: Atlantic Blue Marlin Scientific Name: Makaira nigricans
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Istiophoridae Geography/ Habitat: The Blue Marlin lives in tropical warm areas in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. The marlin stays far from land except where the continental shelf is narrow. It prefers blue water like the northern gulf of Mexico, and it is found in water temperatures of 22-31C Life Strategy: In the North Atlantic the spawning season extends form July through October, and in the southern Atlantic is when the sea surface is at 28C. In the Pacific is from December to January. The males can spawn all year round and the females can only spawn four times in one season. For males sexual maturity is reached at 2-4 years, and females reach sexual maturity at 120kg or below. The eggs of a blue marlin are spherical, transparent, white to yellow in color, and around 1mm in diameter. Food/ Feed Strategy: The blue marlin feeds vary aggressively. When it comes up on a school of fish or invertebrates it comes at full speed and slashes through with its bill and then returns to devour the stunned or dead prey.
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Body Form or Style: Fusiform Swim/ Locomotion Style: Thunniform Mouth Position: terminal
Citation: Tung, L. 2003. "Makaira nigricans" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 13, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Makaira_nigricans.html.
Title: Saltwater
Species #: 5
Common Name: crocodile shark Scientific Name: Pseudocarcharies kamoharai
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Chondricthyes
Order: Lamniformes
Family: Pseudocarcharildae Geography/ Habitat: The crocodile shark can be found in subtropical and tropical oceans of the world. They like the open water but have been found inshore, but the average deep is about 590m. Life Strategy: The sharks reproduce through internal fertilization. The female shark holds on to the pups until they are hatched. The female can have up to four pups at a time. When the pups are born they are miniature adults capable of swimming and feeding. Food/ Feed Strategy: The crocodile shark has a very strong jaw and is able to eat a wide variety of prey. They usually eat small bony fish, squids, and shrimp.
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Body Form or Style: Fusiform Swim/ Locomotion Style: Thunniform Mouth Position: terminal
Citation: Sharma, N. and K. Wehrly. 2006. "Pseudocarcharias kamoharai" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 13, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pseudocarcharias_kamoharai.html.
Title: Saltwater
Species #: 6
Common Name: picasso fish Scientific Name: Rhinecanthus aculeatus Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Tetraodontiformes
Family: Balistidae Geography/Habitat: The Picasso Fish lives in the Indo-Pacific region, and they are found in shallow outer reef habitats. They are mainly found in water that has a salinity levels ranging from 1.020 to 1.023, and in water that has a temperatures from seventy-seven to eighty degrees F. Life Strategy: The Picasso Fish undergoes heterosexual reproduction, and the eggs are externally fertilized by the male. The female has nets that she holds the baby’s until fertilized and cared for until they hatch. Food/Feed Strategy: The Picasso Fish swims towards the bottom and feeds of the bottom. It’s diet consists of mainly reef invertebrates and algae.
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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Schaffer, K. 2000. "Rhinecanthus aculeatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web.
Accessed November 21, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Rhinecanthus_aculeatus.html . Title: Saltwater
Species #: 7
Common Name: whitetip reef shark Scientific Name: Triaenodon obesus Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Chondrichtyes
Order: Carcharhinformes
Family: Carcharhinidae
Geography/Habitat: The whitetip reef shark is found in both the Indian and Pacific oceans. The whitetip is found in reefs and it is a nocturnal animal so it spends most of its time in caves, in the day, and at night it roams around the reef. It is commonly found at depths of 8 and 40 meters. Life Strategy: The whitetips have been known to travel in schools of nearly hundred to find a female ready to mate. When mating the male bits the pectoral fin of the female and this is done so they can stay in a vertical position. The female can give birth to 2 to 3 live sharks that are about 60 cm each. Food/Feed Strategy: The whitetips feed very aggressive because they are in caves all day long. They feed mainly on the bottom and they stick their head into cracks in the reef and wait for a fish. They mainly eat boney fish, but their mouth if very good for picking up crab, lobster, and octopi off the bottom.
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Body Form or Style: Fusiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Thunniform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Biology of Fishes, A. Feldkamp and W. Fink. 2005. "Triaenodon obesus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 21, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Triaenodon_obesus.html.
Title: Saltwater
Species #: 8
Common Name: french angelfish Scientific Name: Pomacanthus angelfish Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Pomacanthidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in coral reefs, and are found in the Western Tropical Atlantic ranges from Florida and the Bahamas to Brazil. Life Strategy: They reproduce at age of 3.4 years or older, and they reproduce by an egg-scattering process. When the egg and sperm meat they develop in beds of floating plankton. Food/Feed Strategy: They are mainly omnivorous, and they eat algae, detritus, and occasional parasites from other fish.
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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Kilarski, S. 2000. "Pomacanthus paru" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 21, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pomacanthus_paru.html.
Title: Saltwater
Species #: 9
Common Name: sailfin tang Scientific Name: Zebrasoma veliferum Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Acanthuridae
Geography/Habitat: The sailfin tang is found in the Pacific Ocean. They are found in lagoons and seaward reefs at 30 m or more. Life Strategy: They reproduce in winter or early spring. Spawning usually occurs at dusk on the lunar cycle. The fish become sexually mature between one and two years old. The eggs are pelagic and hatch after one day. Food/Feed Strategy: This fish is a diurnal herbivore and feeds on benthic algae
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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Cater, K. and K. Wehrly. 2006. "Zebrasoma veliferum" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 22, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Zebrasoma_veliferum.html.
Title: Saltwater
Species #: 10
Common Name: blackback anemonefish Scientific Name: Amphiprion frenatus Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Pomacentridae
Geography/Habitat: The blackback anemonefish are found in the Western Pacific. They inhabit lagoon reefs with embayments. Life Strategy: A pair of blackbacks will mate for life, but if one partner leaves then they will find another one to replace to other one. Food/Feed Strategy: The blackbacks will eat algae, zooplankton, and small aquatic crustaceans. The blackback will bring food to the anemone and will eat, but when the fish drops crumbs the anemone will eat them. In reward for the crumbs the anemone protects the fish against predators.
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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Leutheuser, K. and W. Fink. 2004. "Amphiprion frenatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 22, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Amphiprion_frenatus.html.
Title: Saltwater
Species #: 11
Common Name: clown anemonefish Scientific Name: Amphiprion ocellaris Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Pomacentridae
Geography/Habitat: The clown fish is found in the tropical parts of Asia and Australia. It inhabits coral reefs, and is found at depths of 15 meters. It is mainly found close to anemones. Life Strategy: During spawning the males will prepare the anemone, and then he will attract the female by extending fins, biting, and chasing. The males are very aggressive during spawning. Food/Feed Strategy: The clown fish is classified as an omnivore. They usually eat zooplankton, copepods, and algae.
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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform
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Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Newcomb, D. and W. Fink. 2004. "Amphiprion ocellaris" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 23, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Amphiprion_ocellaris.html.
Title: Saltwater
Species #: 12
Common Name: atlantic bluefin tuna Scientific Name: Thunnus thynnus Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Scombridae
Geography/Habitat: The bluefin tuna are found in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans in the subtropical and temperate waters. They are found in both coastal and pelagic waters, and are found from the surface down the depths of 1000 meters. Life Strategy: The bluefin tuna reproduces by broadcast spawning. The females can lay up to 10 million eggs each spawning period. Food/Feed Strategy: When they eat they form feeding aggregations, and they use their ability to swim very fast to catch their prey. They will eat almost any small fish and they will also eat kelp.
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Body Form or Style: Fusiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Thunniform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Johnson, M. and K. Wehrly. 2006. "Thunnus thynnus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 23, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Thunnus_thynnus.html.
Title: Saltwater
Species #: 13
Common Name: skipjack tuna Scientific Name: Katsuwonus pelamis Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Scombridae
Geography/Habitat: Skipjacks are found in waters all over the world, but have never been caught in the North Sea and the Black Sea. They are found in waters above 15 degrees C. They are an epipelagic fish, and have been rarely found at depths greater than 260 m.
Life Strategy: The skipjacks spawn all year long, and the females can have anywhere from 80000 eggs to 1.5 million eggs. Food/Feed Strategy: The skipjack has a wide variety of food. They feed from early morning and again in the late afternoon.
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Body Form or Style: Fusiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Thunniform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Ivan, L. 2000. "Katsuwonus pelamis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 23, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Katsuwonus_pelamis.html.
Title: Saltwater
Species #: 14
Common Name: albacore Scientific Name: Thunnus alalunga Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Scombridae
Geography/Habitat: The albacores are found in the subtropical regions of the North Pacific Ocean. Albacores inhabit depths of 0 to 600 m. They also are found in water temperatures at 10 to 25 degrees C. Life Strategy: The albacores are polygynandrous which means that when they spawn they spawn in groups releasing egg and sperm into the water. Food/Feed Strategy: The albacore’s diet depends on where he is. It usually eats small crustaceans towards the bottom of the sea floor.
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Body Form or Style: Fusiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Thunniform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Hwang, M. and K. Wehrly. 2005. "Thunnus alalunga" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 23, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Thunnus_alalunga.html.
Title: Saltwater
Species #: 15
Common Name: fangtooth Scientific Name: Anoplogaster cornuta Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Beryciformes
Family: Anoplogasteridae
Geography/Habitat: This fish is found worldwide, and is found at depths from 2 to 4992 m. Life Strategy: When it spawns it latches its jaws onto their mate’s body. When they are 13 cm in length they reach reproductive maturity. Food/Feed Strategy: They are carnivorous and primarily feed on fish and shrimp.
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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Malhotra, R. 2011. "Anoplogaster cornuta" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 23, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Anoplogaster_cornuta.html.
Title: Saltwater
Species #: 16
Common Name: California sheephead Scientific Name: Semicossyphus pulcher Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Labridae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and in the Gulf of Mexico. They inhabit rocky shoreline reefs, and are found at depths of 6 to 30 m. Life Strategy: They are polygamous which means they have dominant males maintaining a harem of the females. Food/Feed Strategy: They eat benthic invertebrates.
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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Doan, T., L. Graves, S. Graves, I. Perez and M. Pineda. 2011. "Semicossyphus pulcher" (Online), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 23, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Semicossyphus_pulcher.html.
Title: Saltwater Common Name: chinook salmon Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Species #: 17
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Salmoniformes
Family: Salmonidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in the Pacific. When they are born they are born in freshwater and then migrate to the ocean. They prefer the water temperature under 14 C for maximum survival. Life Strategy: When they spawn they return to their natal streams at approximately the same time of year. They can reach sexual maturity from 2-7 years. Food/Feed Strategy: They feed on large zooplakton, herring, pilchard, sandlance and other fishes. While in freshwater they eat smalls animals.
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Body Form or Style: Sagittiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Scott, C. 2003. "Oncorhynchus tshawytscha" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 23, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Oncorhynchus_tshawytscha.html.
Title: Saltwater Common Name: leather bass Scientific Name: Dermatolepis dermatolepis
Species #: 18
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Serranidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found mostly in the Eastern Central Pacific and the Southeast Pacific. They inhabit reef areas with a depth between 4 to 40 m. Life Strategy: They reproduce in groups and when they find a mate they rush to the surface and release a cloud of egg and sperm. Food/Feed Strategy: They feed on small benthic fish and they hover above the rocky reefs during the day in search for food.
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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Johansson, K. and W. Fink. 2004. "Dermatolepis dermatolepis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 23, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Dermatolepis_dermatolepis.html.
Title: Saltwater
Species #: 19
Common Name: spiny puffer Scientific Name: Diodon holocanthus Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Tetraodontiformes
Family: Diodontidae
Geography/Habitat: This fish is found throughout the world. They are found in shallow areas that are grassy flats, coral reefs, or mangrove areas. Life Strategy: When the puffer fish is spawning the male pushes the female to the top of the water, and the egg floats in the water until it is 10 days old. Then it is in a shell for 3 weeks and then it hatches. Food/Feed Strategy: They have teeth on their both upper and lower jaws. It is great for cracking th eshells of snails, sea urchins, and hermit crabs.
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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Kenzie, J. 2000. "Diodon holocanthus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 23, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Diodon_holocanthus.html.
Title: Saltwater
Species #: 20
Common Name: common dolphinfish Scientific Name: Coryphaena hippurus Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Coryphaenidae
Geography/Habitat: It is found in the tropical and subtropical areas of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. They are commonly found near floating objects. Life Strategy: The male and female are sexually mature at age one. They spawn two to three times per year and can produce up to 80,000 and 1,000,000 eggs per event. Food/Feed Strategy: They feed on teleosts, cephalopods, and crustaceans.
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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Bostwick, J. 2000. "Coryphaena hippurus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 23, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Coryphaena_hippurus.html.
Title: Saltwater Common Name: Atlantic salmon Scientific Name: Salmo salar
Species #: 21
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Salmoniformes
Family: Salmonidae
Geography/Habitat: Mainly found in the North Atlantic Ocean. They live in freshwater for 2-3 years and then migrate to the ocean. They prefer temperatures of 4-12 C. Life Strategy: During the spawning season the males undergo conspicuous changes in head shape. The female deposits 700-800 eggs perpound of her somewhat adhesive for a short time. Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat larvae of aquatic insects such as blackflies, stoneflies, caddisflies, and chironomids.
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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Renzi, V. 1999. "Salmo salar" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 24, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Salmo_salar.html.
Title: Salterwater
Species #: 22
Common Name: sockeye salmon Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus nerka Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Salmoniformes
Family: Salmonidae
Geography/Habitat: Found to the western coast of North America in the Pacific Ocean. They are born in freshwater and then migrate to the ocean to spend the rest of it’s life. Life Strategy: They mate seasonally. The larger males reproduce more because sockeye salmon are polygynous. Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat zooplankton.
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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Kennedy, S. 2011. "Oncorhynchus nerka" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 24, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Oncorhynchus_nerka.html.
Title: Saltwater
Species #: 23
Common Name: rainbow trout Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus mykiss Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Salmoniformes
Family: Salmonidae
Geography/Habitat: They are mainly found on the Pacific Coast of North America. They can be found in freshwater, brackish, or marine waters of temperate zones. They prefer cold water around 12 C. Life Strategy: Female find suitable nest sites, and the males guards the nest. Food/Feed Strategy: They are insetivorous and piscivorous. They mainly feed on invertebrate larvae drifting in mid-water.
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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Ridolfi, K. and K. Wehrly. 2006. "Oncorhynchus mykiss" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 24, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Oncorhynchus_mykiss.html.
Title: Saltwater
Species #: 24
Common Name: brook trout Scientific Name: Salvelinus fontinalis Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Salmoniformes
Family: Salmonidae
Geography/Habitat: They can be found as far south as Georgia in the Appalachian and in marine areas. They prefer temperatures that remain below 18.8 C. Life Strategy: Most of the time only a single male is able to fertilize the eggs that the female lays, but sometimes more then one male can fertilize the eggs. Food/Feed Strategy: Mainly when they are young they mainly ate aquatic insects, but when they age they mainly eat caddisflies, mayflies, midges, and black flies.
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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Subcarangfirom Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Roberts, J. 2000. "Salvelinus fontinalis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 24, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Salvelinus_fontinalis.html.
Title: Saltwater
Species #: 25
Common Name: striped sea-bass Scientific Name: Morone saxatilis Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Moronidae
Geography/Habitat: They are mainly found on the Atlantic coast of the United States. They are found in large, deep bodies of water. They prefer temperatures limit of 9 C. Life Strategy: They reproduce in groups of about 7-8 males surround a single larger female. They push the female to the top of the water and this causes splashing on the surface of the water. When the female releases her eggs into the water then males release their sperm. Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat zooplankton, insect larvae, small crustaceans, mayflies, and larval fish.
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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangifrom Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Wittenberg, J. 2011. "Morone saxatilis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 24, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Morone_saxatilis.html.
Title: Freshwater
Species #: 26
Common Name: channel catfish Scientific Name: Ictalurus punctatus Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Siluriformes
Family: Ictaluridae
Geography/Habitat: It is found in the Neartic in lower Canada and throughout the midwest of the United States. It inhabits lakes, reservoirs, and ponds. They prefer muddy surfaces at the bottom and clear water. Life Strategy: The male and female mate in the summer time, but they meat much earlier. They mate by the male swimming past the female in the opposite direction, and the female releases her eggs into a nest made by the female or both, and then she gaurds them until they hatch. Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat snails, yellow perch, algae, snakes, frogs, insects, aquatic plants, and even birds.
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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Schoonover, D. and W. Fink. 2004. "Ictalurus punctatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 27, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Ictalurus_punctatus.html.
Title: Freshwater
Species #: 27
Common Name: North African catfish Scientific Name: Clarias gariepinus Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Siluriformes
Family: Clariidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and in parts of Asia. They are found in lakes, ponds, and pools. They have adaptive to harsh environmental conditions. They can live in water that has a pH of 6.5-8.0. They are found in temperatures of 28-30 degrees C. Life Strategy: They breed in the summer after the rainy season. They migrate to grassy verges of rivers and lakes, and the lay their eggs in vegetation. Food/Feed Strategy: They are omnivores. They usually feed off of insects, plankton, snails, crabs, shrimp, and other invertebrates.
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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Gunder, H. and W. Fink. 2004. "Clarias gariepinus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 27, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Clarias_gariepinus.html.
Title: Freshwater
Species #: 28
Common Name: electric catfish Scientific Name: Malapterurus electricus Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Silurifomres
Family: Malapteruridae
Geography/Habitat: They are found throughout western and central tropical Africa. They are generally found among rocks or roots in waters with low visibility. Life Strategy: Nothing much is known about the reproduction with electric catfish, but they mate in holes that are 3 meters in length and 1 to 3 meters deep. Food/Feed Strategy: They hunt and stun their prey with its paralyzing electrical organ discharge. They can consume prey up to half of their size, and will eat about anything that lives in its habitat.
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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Ng, H. 2000. "Malapterurus electricus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 27, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Malapterurus_electricus.html.
Title: Freshwater
Species #: 29
Common Name: sheatfish Scientific Name: Silurus glanis Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Siluriformes
Family: Siluridae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in eastern Europe and Asia. They are found in large rivers and lakes in deep water. They are sometimes found in the Black Sea and Baltic Sea. Life Strategy: There is not much known about the reproduction on sheatfish. Males create nest where females lay the eggs, and then males guard them until they hatch. Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly feed on plankton, worms, snails, crustaceans, aquatic insects, and small fish.
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Body Form or Style: Anguilliform Swim/Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: SLONE, C. and S. Harrel. 2006. "Silurus glanis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 27, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Silurus_glanis.html.
Title: Freshwater
Species #: 30
Common Name: green sunfish Scientific Name: Lepomis cyanellus Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Centrarchidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in central North America. They prefer small sluggish streams and ponds. Life Strategy: They build nests around sunny areas with a gravel substrate. The males aggressively defended the nest. Then when the nest is ready they spawn. They spawn by swimming in circles above the nest. The males can spawn with several females simultaneously. Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat insects and small snails. As adults they eat small crayfish, fish eggs, insects, and small fish.
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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Clemons, E. and S. Harrel. 2006. "Lepomis cyanellus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 27, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lepomis_cyanellus.html.
Title: Freshwater
Species #: 31
Common Name: bigmouth bass Scientific Name: Micropterus salmoides Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Centrarchidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in North America, Canada, Mexico, and from the Atlantic coast. They prefer quiet clear waters with abundant vegetation. Life Strategy: The male builds a nest in shallow water, and then the female swims near it a lays her eggs in the nest. Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat insects, crayfish, and other fish species.
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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Curtis, R. and K. Wehrly. 2006. "Micropterus salmoides" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 27, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Micropterus_salmoides.html.
Title: Freshwater
Species #: 32
Common Name: smallmouth bass Scientific Name: Micropterus dolomieu Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Centrarchidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in the Great Lakes, Quebec, St. Lawrence, New Hampshire to North Dakota, and the Mississippi River. They prefer the northern range and are found in cooler rivers and lakes with rocky or sandy bottoms. Life Strategy: The male will guard the nest, and several females may spawn in the same nest. Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat crayfish, amphibians, insects, and other fish.
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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Whitlock, J. and W. Fink. 2004. "Micropterus dolomieu" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 27, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Micropterus_dolomieu.html.
Title: Freshwater
Species #: 33
Common Name: redear sunfish Scientific Name: Lepomis microlophus Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Centrarchidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in central and southern United States. They prefer warm and calm waters. They are found in ponds, lakes, river backwaters, and reservoirs. Life Strategy: Male redear sunfish make a popping nose during mating season. They do this to get the attention of a female. Then the males make nest from sand, and they are found usually near plants. After the female lays her eggs the male will not leave until they have hatched. Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat insects and small snails
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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Barbee, J. 2011. "Lepomis microlophus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 27, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lepomis_microlophus.html.
Title: Freshwater
Species #: 34
Common Name: central stoneroller Scientific Name: Campostoma anomalum Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cypriniformes
Family: Cyprinidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in New York and through the Great Lakes. They are found in cool, clear, small streams with a fast current. Life Strategy: Males begin making multiple nests. The females are usually jumping out of the water (in the air) before spawning. Females will lay their eggs in the nest, and then they will leave. No male or female will guard the eggs. Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat diatoms and filamentous algae. They also eat detritus, inorganic material, and blue-green algae.
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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Gagnon, C. 2011. "Campostoma anomalum" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 27, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Campostoma_anomalum.html.
Title: Freshwater
Species #: 35
Common Name: brook stickleback Scientific Name: Culaea inconstans Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Gasterosteiformes
Family: Gasterosteidae
Geography/Habitat: They are mainly found in the Arctic and Atlantic drainages from Nova Scotia to the northern territories of Canada. They inhabit shallow edges of cool clear lakes and ponds. Life Strategy: Males build the nest and the female comes and lays her eggs, and the males defend the nest until the babies are born. Food/Feed Strategy: They are carnivorous feeders on aquatic invertebrates.
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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: 2011. "Culaea inconstans" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 27, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Culaea_inconstans.html.
Title: Freshwater
Species #: 36
Common Name: Macquarie perch Scientific Name: Macquaria australasica Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Percichthyidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in Australia. They live in rivers and deep streams and rocky pools. They favor cool water with slow-moving riffles. Life Strategy: They migrate upstream in schools. The males nudge the females vent region which causes the release of eggs. The females mate each year. Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat aquatic invertebrates.
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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Kosakowski, L. and K. Wehrly. 2006. "Macquaria australasica" (On-line), Animal
Diversity Web. Accessed December 05, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Macquaria_australasica.html.
Title: Saltwater
Species #: 37
Common Name: fathead minnow Scientific Name: Pimephales promelas Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cypriniformes
Family: Cyprinidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found from Quebec to Alberta and Northwest Territories, Canada. They are also found in small rivers and ponds. They are mainly found in muddy pools. Life Strategy: They spawn between the months of May and September. They produce anywhere from 1000 to 10000 offspring per season. Food/Feed Strategy: They are benthic filter feeders sifting through the mud and silit in order to find food. They usually eat diatoms, filamentous algae, small crustaceans, and insect larvae.
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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Sommer, A. 2011. "Pimephales promelas" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 05, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pimephales_promelas.html.
Title: Freshwater
Species #: 38
Common Name: longnose gar Scientific Name: Lepisosteus osseus Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Semionotiformes
Family: Lepisosteidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found throughout the eastern United States. They live in sluggish areas of larger rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and estuaries. Life Strategy: During the mating process 15 males can approach the female. Rapid and violent quivering makes the sperm and eggs to be released. Food/Feed Strategy: Gars are active night feeders feeding on insects and fish.
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Body Form or Style: Sagittiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Rudy, B. 2003. "Lepisosteus osseus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 05, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lepisosteus_osseus.html.
Title: Freshwater
Species #: 39
Common Name: spotted gar Scientific Name: Lepisosteus oculatus Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Semionotiformes
Family: Lepisosteidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found throughout Lake Michigan and Lake Erie drainages. They live in open waters usually 3-5 meters deep. They are found around fallen logs, trees, or brush. Life Strategy: Multiple males gather in shallow water near vegetation. Female allow more than one male to fertilize their eggs. Food/Feed Strategy: This species of gar is a ambush predator. It feeds on mainly aquatic crustaceans.
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Body Form or Style: Sagittiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Hall, L., T. Meade, D. Paulette, J. Albert, K. Francl and S. Givinsky. 1999.
"Lepisosteus oculatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 05, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lepisosteus_oculatus.html.
Title: Freshwater
Species #: 40
Common Name: Florida gar Scientific Name: Lepisosteus platyrhincus Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Semionotiformes
Family: Lepisosteidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in Florida. They live in large lowland streams, canals, and lakes with muddy or sandy bottoms. Life Strategy: Females will lay her eggs on vegetation and the males will follow and fertilize them. Food/Feed Strategy: Florida gars use ram feeding, which is lunging or chasing to kill their prey at high speeds. They mainly eat fish and shrimp and crayfish.
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Body Form or Style: Sagittiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Lackey, S. and S. Harrel. 2006. "Lepisosteus platyrhincus" (On-line), Animal Diversity
Web. Accessed December 05, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lepisosteus_platyrhincus.html.
Title: Freshwater
Species #: 41
Common Name: shortnose gar Scientific Name: Lepisosteus platostomus Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Semionotiformes
Family: Lepisosteidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in the Mississippi River, central Ohio, Indiana, and Wisconsin to Montana, and Alabama from Louisiana. They live in lakes, swamps, and clam pools. They found near vegetation and submerged logs. Life Strategy: They spawn in early to mid April until the end of May. They spawn in shallow water with grass and aquatic weeds. Food/Feed Strategy: They feed mainly in the day. They catch their prey by ambush.
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Body Form or Style: Sagittiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Bradburn, M. 2003. "Lepisosteus platostomus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web.
Accessed December 05, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lepisosteus_platostomus.ht ml.
Title: Freshwater
Species #: 42
Common Name: alligator gar Scientific Name: Atractosteus spatula Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Semionotiformes
Family: Lepisosteidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in the Ohio River and the Mississippi River south to the Gulf of Mexico. They live in large lakes, rivers, and bayous. Life Strategy: Female gars lay their eggs on rocks or vegetation. Much isn’t known about the reproduction of this species. Food/Feed Strategy: They are carnivores and they sit-and-wait for their prey. They lung at them with short bursts of speed. They will eat fish, ducks, turtles, small mammals, and carrion.
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Body Form or Style: Sagittiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Roberts, D. and S. Harrel. 2006. "Atractosteus spatula" (On-line), Animal Diversity
Web. Accessed December 05, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Atractosteus_spatula.html.
Title: Freshwater
Species #: 43
Common Name: white bass Scientific Name: Morone chrysops Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Moronidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in many parts of North America. They live in large bodies of water. Life Strategy: They migrate upstream to spawn. The female releases her eggs and then the male is close behind to fertilize them. Food/Feed Strategy: They eat mainly minnows, johnny darters, gizzard shad, threadfin shad, young sunfish, and yellow perch.
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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Morgan, T. and S. Harrel. 2006. "Morone chrysops" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web.
Accessed December 05, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Morone_chrysops.html.
Title: Freshwater
Species #: 44
Common Name: Rock bass Scientific Name: Ambloplites rupestris Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Centrarchidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in the Great Lakes region and the Mississippi Valley. They live in large lakes, reservoirs, and ponds. In the winter you can find rock bass under ice, yet they can stand 88 degrees F in the summer. Life Strategy: They spawn in early summer. The male makes the nest and the female comes and lays her eggs. She can lay up to 2000 to 10,000 eggs, and they can hatch in one to three weeks. Food/Feed Strategy: They feed mainly on aquatic plants. They can also eat crayfish, minnows, tadpoles, worms, and insects.
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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Rolf, C. 2000. "Ambloplites rupestris" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 05, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Ambloplites_rupestris.html.
Title: Freshwater
Species #: 45
Common Name: brown bullhead Scientific Name: Ameiurus nebulosus Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Siluriformes
Family: Ictaluridae
Geography/Habitat: They found in Canada and the United States. They live in pools and slow-moving creeks and rivers, reservoirs, ponds, and lakes. Life Strategy: They make a nest and then a series of bumping and nibbling happens. Then they face away from each other during gamete release. Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly feed on insects, small fish, fish eggs, mollusks, plants, leeches, worms, and crayfish.
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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Guth, R. 2011. "Ameiurus nebulosus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 05, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Ameiurus_nebulosus.html.
Title: Freshwater
Species #: 46
Common Name: bluegill Scientific Name: Lepomis macrochirus Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Centrarchidae
Geography/Habitat: They found in the Great Lakes and Mississippi River systems. They live in slow moving lakes and rocky streams. Life Strategy: Males make the nest with about 20 to 50 other males in shallow water. The male grunts to attract the female, and then they touch bellies. Then they release the eggs and the sperm. Food/Feed Strategy: They eat very small animals because of their small mouths. They usually eat snails, worms, shrimp, aquatic insects, small crayfish, and zooplankton.
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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Parr, C. 2002. "Lepomis macrochirus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 06, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lepomis_macrochirus.html.
Title: Freshwater
Species #: 47
Common Name: yellow bullhead Scientific Name: Ameiurus natalis Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Siluriformes
Family: Ictaluridae
Geography/Habitat: They are found throughout the eastern United States. They live in the backwaters with slow current in rivers and streams. Life Strategy: The males dig nests in the mud near rocks and stumps and vegetation to protect the nest. This attract the female for mating. Food/Feed Strategy: They feed at night like all other catfish. They feed on minnows, crayfish, insects, aquatic invertebrates, and worms.
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Body Form or Style: Compressifrom Swim/Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Jenkins, G. and S. Harrel. 2006. "Ameiurus natalis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web.
Accessed December 06, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Ameiurus_natalis.html.
Title: Freshwater
Species #: 48
Common Name: goldfish Scientific Name: Carassius auratus Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cypriniformes
Family: Cyprinidae
Geography/Habitat: They originated in China, but now they are found all over the world in aquariums, ornamental pools, and into the wild. They prefer slow-moving freshwater bodies of waters. Life Strategy: They mate during the summer, but if in an aquarium they can spawn all year. The female can produce thousands of eggs. Food/Feed Strategy: They eat plants, insects, small crustaceans, zooplankton, and detritus.
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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Street, R. 2002. "Carassius auratus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 06, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Carassius_auratus.html.
Title: Freshwater
Species #: 49
Common Name: cardinal tetra Scientific Name: Paracheirodon axelrodi Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Characiformes
Family: Characidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela. They live in slow moving water. Life Strategy: The females release their eggs during the rainy season. They mate during the twilight dring the rainy season. Food/Feed Strategy: They eat very small crustaceans, mesofauna, eggs, algae, detritus, and some other types of prey.
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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Fintushel, S. and W. Fink. 2004. "Paracheirodon axelrodi" (On-line), Animal Diversity
Web. Accessed December 06, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Paracheirodon_axelrodi.html.
Title: Freshwater
Species #: 50
Common Name: black crappie Scientific Name: Pomoxis nigromaculatus Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Centrarchidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in central and eastern North America. They live in clear, warm, highly vegetated lakes and rivers. Life Strategy: They migrate to shallow water and the male sweeps out a nest to attract a female. Females can spawn with several males and can produce up to 10,000-200,000 eggs per mating season. Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly feed on vegetation, aquatic insects, minnows, and fingerlings.
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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Adams, R. 2000. "Pomoxis nigromaculatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web.
Accessed December 06, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pomoxis_nigromaculatus.htm l.
Title: Saltwater (invertebrates)
Species #: 51
Common Name: thimble jellyfish Scientific Name: Linuche unguiculata Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Scyphozoa
Order: Coronatae
Family: Linuchidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in the western Atlantic Ocean. They live in shallow, warm, marine waters. Life Strategy: In March and April sometimes over 1,000,000 group together and mate. Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat plankton, copepods, and barnacle larvae.
Citation: DuBay, M. 2011. "Linuche unguiculata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 10, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Linuche_unguiculata.html.
Title: Saltwater (invertebrates)
Species #: 52
Common Name: purplestriped jelly Scientific Name: Pelagia noctiluca Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Scyphozoa
Order: Semaeostomeae
Family: Pelagiidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in the Mediterranean and the Atlantic Ocean. They live in the open ocean. Life Strategy: They fertilize the eggs external, and the release the sperm and the eggs by the mouth. Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat zooplankton, small fish, crustaceans, and other jellyfish.
Citation: Leverenz, E. 2000. "Pelagia noctiluca" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 10, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pelagia_noctiluca.html.
Title: Saltwater (invertebrates)
Species #: 53
Common Name: sea nettle Scientific Name: Chrysaora quinquecirrha Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Scyphozoa
Order: Semaeostomeae
Family: Pelagildae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean. They live in the open water with low salinity. Life Strategy: They reproduce sexually and asexually. They release the eggs and sperm through the mouth. Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat zooplankton, ctenophores, and other jellyfish.
Citation: Lanier, N. and A. Weber. 2011. "Chrysaora quinquecirrha" (On-line), Animal Diversity
Web. Accessed December 11, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Chrysaora_quinquecirrha.html.
Title: Saltwater (invertebrates)
Species #: 54
Common Name: Lion’s mane jellyfish Scientific Name: Cyanea capillata Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Scyphozoa
Order: Semaeostomeae
Family: Cyaneidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in the cooler regions of the Atlantic Ocean, North Sea, and the Baltic Sea. Life Strategy: They reproduce sexually and they fertilize sexually through the mouth. Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat fish.
Citation: Naylor, B. 2000. "Cyanea capillata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 11, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cyanea_capillata.html.
Title: Saltwater (invertebrates)
Species #: 55
Common Name: eared stalked jellyfish Scientific Name: Haliclystus auricula Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Scyphozoa
Order: Stauromedusae
Family: Eleutherocarpidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in the northern Pacific. They live in the cool coastal waters of the north Pacific. Life Strategy: They reproduce sexually by releasing the egg ans sperm into the water. Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat small prey including: Bivalves, snails brittle stars, and crustaceans.
Citation: Naik, S. 2000. "Haliclystus auricula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 11, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Haliclystus_auricula.html.
Title: Saltwater (invertebrates)
Species #: 56
Common Name: moon jelly Scientific Name: Aurelia aurita Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Scyphozoa
Order: Semaeostomeae
Family: Ulmaridae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in warm tropical waters in all marine waters. Life Strategy: They spawn in the spring and summer. The eggs develop in gonads located in pockets on the jellyfish. Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat plankton.
Citation: Rodriguez, R. 1999. "Aurelia aurita" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 11, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Aurelia_aurita.html.
Title: Saltwater (invertebrates)
Species #:57
Common Name: purple-spined sea urchin Scientific Name: Arbacia punctulata Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Echinoidea
Order: Arbacioida
Family: arbaciidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in Cape Cod to the West Indies. They on mainly found on rocks and shells in deep salt water. Life Strategy: The females can release several million at a time. These eggs settle and the sperm is released. Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat algae and other organisms that grow on the rocks around them.
Citation: Braccini, S. 2001. "Arbacia punctulata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 11, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Arbacia_punctulata.html.
Title: Saltwater (invertebrates)
Species #:58
Common Name: long-spined sea urchin Scientific Name: Diadema antillarum Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Echinoidea
Order: Diadematoida
Family: Diadematidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in shallow waters in the Atlantic Ocean around coral reefs. Life Strategy: The egg and sperm are released during each lunar month. Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat algal turf of coral reefs.
Citation: Puckett, E. 2002. "Diadema antillarum" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 11, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Diadema_antillarum.html.
Title: Saltwater (invertebrates)
Species #:59
Common Name: common sand dollar Scientific Name: Echinarachnius parma Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Echioidea
Order: Clypeasteroida
Family: Echinarachrilldae
Geography/Habitat: They are found on the North American east coast. They live in intertidal zones. Life Strategy: The gametes are released in the water column and they join the plankton. Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat algae and fragments of organic material found in the substrate.
Citation: Ables, J. 2000. "Echinarachnius parma" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 11, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Echinarachnius_parma.html.
Title: Saltwater (invertebrates)
Species #: 60
Common Name: (alaskan) king crab Scientific Name: Paralithodes camtschatica Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca
Order: Decapoda
Family: Lithodidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found throughout the northern Pacific Ocean. They live at depths more than 200m. Life Strategy: Females attract the males after they have released their eggs, and then the male clasps on to the female until the female molts, and produce new eggs. Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat fish parts.
Citation: Kluce, M. 2004. "Paralithodes camtschatica" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web.
Accessed December 11, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Paralithodes_camtschatica.ht ml.
Title: Saltwater (invertebrates)
Species #: 61
Common Name: green crab Scientific Name: Carcinus maenas Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca
Order: Decapoda
Family: Portunidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in the Atlantic Ocean and off the coast of Europe. They live in tidal marshes, sandflats, and coasts with a rocky terrain. Life Strategy: They lay her eggs and the female carries them in a pouch. Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat clams, oysters, mussels, and other small cabs.
Citation: Tutt, C. 2000. "Carcinus maenas" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 11, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Carcinus_maenas.html.
Title: Saltwater (invertebrates)
Species #: 62
Common Name: Florida stone crab Scientific Name: Menippe mercenaria Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca
Order: Decapoda
Family: Xanthidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in the Atlanic coast of North Carolina to the Gulf of Mexico. They live in seagrass beds. Life Strategy: They reproduce during the spring and fall. The female carries her eggs in a sac and carries over 160,000 to 1,000,000. Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat zooplankton.
Citation: Brinkman, M. 2002. "Menippe mercenaria" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web.
Accessed December 11, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Menippe_mercenaria.html.
Title: Saltwater (invertebrates)
Species #: 63
Common Name: yellowline arrow crab Scientific Name: Stenorhynchus seticornis Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca
Order: Decapoda
Family: Majidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in the Atlantic Ocean, and live on coral reefs. Life Strategy: The male deposits a sperm packet into the female crab to fertilize the babies. Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly feed on small feather duster worms.
Citation: Block, M. 2001. "Stenorhynchus seticornis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web.
Accessed December 11, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Stenorhynchus_seticornis.ht ml.
Title: Saltwater (invertebrates)
Species #: 64
Common Name: giant Japanese spider crab Scientific Name: Macrocheira kaempferi Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malaconstraca
Order: Decapoda
Family: Majidae
Geography/Habitat: They are mainly found on the Pacific side of the Japanese islands. They live on sandy and rocky bottoms. Life Strategy: They mate during early spring. The male inserts the sperm into the female to fertilize the eggs. The female can lay up to 1.5 million eggs per season. Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat dead decaying matter along the sea bed.
Citation: Riebel, W. 2011. "Macrocheira kaempferi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 11, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Macrocheira_kaempferi.html.
Title: Saltwater (invertebrates)
Species #: 65
Common Name: Chinese mitten crab Scientific Name: Eriocheir sinensis Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca
Order: Decapoda
Family: Grapsidae
Geography/Habitat: They are mainly found on the coasts from Japan to the mainland of China. They live in brackish water. Life Strategy: When they mate both sexes die and the progeny are left to fend for themselves. Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat plants and animals.
Citation: Solovyeva, A., K. Bailey and D. Howe. 2008. "Eriocheir sinensis" (On-line), Animal
Diversity Web. Accessed December 11, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Eriocheir_sinensis.html.
Title: Freshwater (invertebrates)
Species #: 66
Common Name: freshwater jellyfish Scientific Name: Craspedacusta sowerbyi Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Hydrozoa
Order: Hydroida
Family: Olindiidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found on all continents. They live in lakes, reservoirs, man-made, etc. Life Strategy: They reproduce asexually in the polp form. They release the eggs and sperm through the mouth. Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat zooplankton.
Citation: Erwin, A. 2000. "Craspedacusta sowerbyi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 11, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Craspedacusta_sowerbyi.html.
Title: Freshwater (invertebrates)
Species #: 67
Common Name: black spot flatworm Scientific Name: Uvulifer ambloplitis Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Class: Trematoda
Order: Strigeatida
Family: Diplostomatidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in nearctic and neotropical areas. They live anywhere it can find. Life Strategy: They reproduce sexually and asexually. Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat anything that is obtained directly from its host.
Citation: Hickner, M. 2011. "Uvulifer ambloplitis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 11, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Uvulifer_ambloplitis.html.
Title: Freshwater (invertebrates)
Species #: 68
Common Name: eastern grass shrimp Scientific Name: Palaemonetes paludosus Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca
Order: Decapoda
Family: Palaemonidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in freshwater ponds, lakes, and streams. Life Strategy: They reproduce sexually. Much isn’t known after that. Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat algae.
Citation: Baranowski, C. 2011. "Palaemonetes paludosus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web.
Accessed December 11, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Palaemonetes_paludosus.html
Title: Freshwater (invertebrates)
Species #: 69
Common Name: daggerblade grass shrimp Scientific Name: Palaemonetes pugio Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca
Order: Decapoda
Family: Palaemonidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found on the eastern shore of the United States. They live in freshwater and saltwater. Life Strategy: They mate when the water warms up. The female develops a sac to hold the eggs until they hatch. Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat zooplankton, algae, and detritus.
Citation: Geraci, L. 2001. "Palaemonetes pugio" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 11, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Palaemonetes_pugio.html.
Title: Freshwater (invertebrates)
Species #: 70
Common Name: Asian clam Scientific Name: Corbicula fluminea Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Bivalvia
Order: Veneroida
Family: Corbiculidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in lakes and streams in Asia, North and South America, and Europe. Life Strategy: They release larval in late summer. The clam is believed to be self-fertilization. Food/Feed Strategy: They are filter feeders mainly eating plankton.
Citation: Naumann, R. 1999. "Corbicula fluminea" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 11, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Corbicula_fluminea.html.
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