The older adult should have an annual fecal immunochemical test or FIT test every year and a colonoscopy every 10 years, starting at age 50. Breast cancer screening is done after 50 every two years, although high-risk women should be screened annually. At age 75, the mammography is done after discussing risks and benefits. PSA screening for prostate cancer is reserved for men between 40 and 69 years. An eye examination is done every 2 to 4 years between the ages of 40 and 54 years and every 1 to 3 years in adults between 55 and 64 years. As mentioned, glaucoma screening is done in people of African-American descent. Hearing screening is not done if there are no symptoms. The only change for immunizations in the middle-aged adult is that 2 doses of the recombinant Herpes zoster vaccine are given to older adults above aged 50 years. The live-attenuated zoster immunization is given at aged 60 years or older. Adults aged 65 years or older have some changes in their screening tests. Individuals aged 75 years to 85 years should talk to the doctor about screening for colon cancer but those older than 85 years should not be evaluated as a screening measure. Mammography is not recommended after 75 years unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Skin cancer screening is done annually. After ag 60, all adults should have glaucoma screening every 2 years. Hearing testing is not recommended in the older person unless there are symptoms. The Zoster immunization and influenza shots are recommended as has been discussed. Tetanus shots continue to be recommended in this age group.
VACCINATIONS Immunizations involve the provision of active immunity to the person by providing them with antigens that allow for antibodies to be made against part or all of a pathogen. As long as the antibodies and antibody-producing memory cells can be made, this type of immunity is possible. Passive immunity is different because it provides the antibodies to the patient for temporary immune function. Immune globulins and antitoxins are examples of providing passive immunity.
16
