Use of Learning Types in Medical Education

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Chapter 6, Basic requirements for success on MCQs: Is your mind in gear? 1) Adler, M., and Van Doren, C. How to Read a Book, Simon and Schuster, 1972. This is a classic guide to reading different kinds of materials with a discussion of different levels of reading. 2) Zull, J., The Art of Changing the Brain, Stylus Publishing, 2002. This book is currently the best and most accessible compilation of information on how the brain executes learning cycles based on Kolb’s experiential model of learning. This sequence of experience, reflection, abstraction, and action correlates with the functional specialization of the different areas of the brain. The reader will emerge with an understanding of both long and short term memory and with a deeper understanding of how active learning is the only way to produce effective learning.

Chapter 7, Concept maps develop both intuitive skills and sensing skills. 1) Buzan, T. Use Both Sides of Your Brain, E. P. Dutton, 1983. This is one of Tony Buzan's books on mindmapping. He emphasizes an application of knowledge about hemispheric specialization of the brain to memory, problem solving, and effective study. Software for concept mapping. The Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, http://www.ihmc.us/, is currently the “center of the concept mapping universe” since it was founded by Joseph Novak, the originator of the concept mapping method and its underlying theory. You will find a free downloadable concept mapping program, Cmap Tools (http://cmap.ihmc.us/), that is easy to use, yet highly sophisticated. Source material for concept mapping examples and exercises 1) Pelley, J. Biochemistry: Mosby's USMLE Step I Reviews, Mosby—Yearbook, Inc., 1997. 2) Moore, N. Anatomy: Mosby's USMLE Step I Reviews, Mosby—Yearbook, Inc., 1997. 3) Burns, E., and Cave, M. Histology and Cell Biology: Mosby's USMLE Step I Reviews, Mosby—Yearbook, Inc., 1996. These books are out of print, but they have been replaced with the Rapid Review Series, now in its second edition, published by Elsevier. Appendix B

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