We Are the World

Sometimes when we listen to a song, it moves us. It makes us feel sad, happy, hopeful, energetic etc. Have you experienced this? Which song was it, and how did it make you feel?

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Mariah Carey, Bob Geldof and Paul McCartney perform at the Live 8 concert in Hyde Park, London, 2005. The concert was held in support of the Make Poverty History campaign.

In 1985, forty-five American artists joined together and recorded “We Are the World” to raise money for people suffering from hunger and poverty in Africa. Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie wrote the song. It was easy to remember and sing along to, and it became one of the most successful singles in music history. All in all, “We are the World” raised more than $63 million for humanitarian aid. That’s a powerful song!

MICHAEL JACKSON AND LIONEL RICHIE

We Are the World

There comes a time when we heed a certain call When the world must come together as one There are people dying And it’s time to lend a hand to life The greatest gift of all We can’t go on pretending day by day That someone somewhere will soon make a change We are all part of God’s great, big family And the truth, you know, Love is all we need We are the world, we are the children We are the ones to make a brighter day So let’s start giving There’s a choice we’re making We’re saving our own lives It’s true we’ll make a better day Just you and me Send them your heart so they’ll know that someone cares And their lives will be stronger and free As God has shown us by turning stones to bread So we all must lend a helping hand When you’re down and out, there seems no hope at all But if you just believe there’s no way we can fall Let us realize that a change can only come When we stand together as one

Vurderingseksemplarjoined together kom sammen recorded spilte inn raise money samle inn penger suffering from lider under poverty fattigdom humanitarian aid humanitær hjelp we heed a certain call vi hører ropet lend a hand gi en hjelpende hånd pretending late som brighter lysere cares bryr seg om down and out helt nede, trist

SPEAKING SPOT

1 “We Are the World” was made to raise money to help starving people in Ethiopia. What other ways of raising money to help people in a difficult situation can you think of?

CREATIVE CORNER

2 Think about a cause you would like to raise money for. Make a song, a rap, a flyer, a Power Point presentation, a short film, a photo story or a poster to convince people to support your cause.

3 Make an illustration which you think illustrates the message of the song ”We Are the World”. Draw, use photos you find, or take your own photos for the illustration.

LANGUAGE LAB 4 Present simple or present continuous: Why do the lyrics go “There are people dying”? What does the -ing form here tell us? 5 Find the correct form of the verb to be: a You are standing in the middle of the road. b I ___ trying to raise money for starving people. c She ___ hoping to help many children. d There’s a choice we ___ making. e My father ___ working on a new song right now. f Can I call you back? A friend of mine ___ singing on TV 164 Vurderingseksemplar right now. g The people who ___ standing over there, are my classmates. h We ___ hoping to change the situation soon.

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6 Present simple or present continuous? Find the correct form of the verb. Discuss why you chose the simple present or the present continuous. a Theo plays/is playing the piano every day after school. b What are you doing? We are making/make a new song. c Look! Sarah is leaving/leaves the party! Where do you think she is going/goes? d I sing/am singing in the shower every day. e Right now, millions of people starve/are starving. f She reads/is reading in bed every night. g Dad is busy right now. He is helping/helps your sister with her homework. h I think/am thinking about you almost every day. i Why are you walking/do you walk to school every day when you could ride your bike? j Please be quiet, we listen/are listening to the news. 7 This song text has many contracted forms. Find the eight lines in the song that have contractions and rewrite them in more formal style. it’s it is Vurderingseksemplar

A petition is a campaign for change that many people sign to show their support. Why do people start petitions? Have you ever signed a petition? What was it for?

Stop Photoshop

Images of super skinny models with perfect skin and hair, and tanned men with six-packs and bulging biceps fill social media, the internet and the pages of glossy magazines. But these pictures do not always tell the truth. They are the result of computer magic. Apps and filters allow us to change our looks in the photos we post on social media. Website and magazine editors use Photoshop to make models look thinner, taller and stronger than they are in real life. The average teen sees hundreds of photoshopped images a day. These altered pictures create unrealistic ideas about beauty, and what is normal and healthy. Julia Bluhm, a teen activist from Maine in the USA, wanted to see pictures of normal girls like herself in the magazines she read. So she decided to do something. She started a campaign on Change.org against the use of photoshopping in Seventeen, a popular magazine for young girls. She hoped that if enough people signed her petition maybe the magazine would listen. petition underskriftskampanje signed skrevet under på images bilder tanned solbrune bulging svulmende biceps overarmsmuskler glossy magazines ukeblader Change.org is a website where anyone can start a campaign for change. Other people sign their names to show support. Vurderingseksemplar editors redaktører altered endrede That is just what happened. More than 84,000 people activists aktivister signed Julia’s petition. “I didn’t think it was going to get this signatures underskrifter headquarters big,” she said. She brought the signatures to Seventeen’s hovedkontor headquarters in New York. Her strategy worked! The strategy strategi, plan unchanged magazine editors agreed to print one set of unchanged her: uredigerte pictures per month. This is the campaign text that Julia posted online:

Julia Bluhm (middle) and two of her friends protesting outside the headquarters of Seventeen. Would you have signed their petition?

Give Girls Images of Real Girls!

Girls want to be accepted, appreciated, and liked. And when they don’t fit the criteria, some girls try to “fix” themselves. This can

lead to eating disorders, dieting, depression, and low self-esteem.

I’m in a ballet class with a bunch of high-school girls. On a daily basis I hear comments like: “It’s a fat day,” and “I ate well today, but I still feel fat.” Ballet dancers do get a lot of flack about their bodies, but it’s not just ballet dancers who feel the pressure to be “pretty”. It’s everyone. To girls today, the word “pretty” means skinny and blemish-free. Why is that, when so few girls actually fit into such a narrow category? It’s because the media tells us that “pretty” girls are impossibly thin with perfect skin. Here’s what lots of girls don’t know. Those “pretty women” that we see in magazines are fake. They’re often photoshopped, airbrushed, edited to look thinner, and to appear like they have

Vurderingseksemplar appreciated verdsatt criteria kriterier, betingelser eating disorders spiseforstyrrelser dieting slanking depression depresjon low self-esteem lav selvtillit a bunch mange flack kritikk blemish-free feilfri, perfekt narrow smal, trang air-brushed malt med sprøytepistol edited redigert, bearbeidet appear like se ut som

girl-fueled startet og drevet av jenter activist movement aktivistbevegelse photo spreads bildeoppslag ads = advertisements reklame commit to printing forplikte seg til å trykke for the sake of på vegne av struggling som sliter I’m stepping up jeg tar ansvar hurtful sårende none ingen take a stand ta et standpunkt

perfect skin. A girl you see in a magazine probably looks a lot different in real life. As part of SPARK Movement, a girl- fueled, national activist movement, I’ve been fighting to stop magazines, toy companies, and other big businesses from creating products, photo spreads and ads that hurt girls and break our self-esteem. With SPARK, I’ve learned that we have the power to fight back. That’s why I’m asking Seventeen Magazine to commit to printing one unaltered – real – photo spread per month. I want to see regular girls that look like me in a magazine that’s supposed to be for me. For the sake of all the struggling girls all over America, who read Seventeen and think these fake images are what they should be, I’m stepping up. I know how hurtful these photoshopped images can be. I’m a teenage girl, and I don’t like what I see. None of us do. Will you join us by signing this petition and asking Seventeen to take a stand as well and commit to one unaltered photo spread a month? Photoshopped - or not? Vurderingseksemplar

UNDERSTANDING

1 True or False? If the statement is false, write what is true. a Pictures in social media and glossy magazines tell the truth. b Julia Bluhm is a teen activist. c Seventeen is a newspaper. d Many people signed Julia’s petition. e Seventeen agreed to stop using Photoshop. f Girls can get problems when they feel their bodies are not right. g Julia often hears other ballet dancers say they feel fat. h The media tells us “pretty” means impossibly thin with perfect skin. i Most girls know that images of models are photoshopped.

VIEWPOINTS

2 Discuss the following questions. a What message about beauty do we get from the media? b How do pictures in social media and glossy magazines make us feel about our own bodies? c What problems can we get if we are unhappy about the way we look? d Do you think it is ok that media images are photoshopped? Why or why not? e Some people say photoshopped pictures should be labelled. What do you think? A real girl isn’t perfect and Vurderingseksemplar a perfect girl isn’t real.

Harry Styles

More tasks

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Nicolay Lamm: Average Barbie. The artist used the measurements of an average American woman and made a 3-D model doll to show the difference between a “normal” woman and the Barbie doll. “A realistically proportioned Barbie actually looks pretty good,” says Lamm. What do you think?

DIGITAL DIVE

3 Visit the Change.org website or another online petition website and choose a campaign that you support. Sign the petition if you like. In class, tell your classmates about the campaign you chose.

Be the change you want to see in the world.

SPEAKING SPOT

4 Search the internet for before and after pictures or videos of celebrities and models that have been edited with Photoshop. Use the search words: photoshop before after. Present what you find in small groups. Tell each other how the pictures have been changed. 5 Pronouncing j and y Here are some words from the text starting with j or y. Say them aloud: Julia – young – just – you – join Sometimes getting the pronunciation of j and y right decides the meaning of a word, such as in the word pairs below. Use an online dictionary and listen to the words below. Then practice saying the words with a partner. jail = fengsel Yale = et kjent, Amerikansk universitet joke = spøk yolk = eggeplomme Jess = et jentenavn yes = ja jello = gele yellow = gul Vurderingseksemplar jet = jetfly yet = ennå yam = søtpotet jam = syltetøy

British English: jelly American English: jello

6 Read out loud: One day in July last year, Jess put on her jacket and jumped in the jeep to get some yellow jello at the store. Just when she got there, a young man called Jerry drove away, so she could get a parking spot for her jeep. “Yes!” yelled Jess. She got the jello, some yoghurt and some juice and jumped back into the car.

VOCABULARY

7 Photoshopping Match the technique with what it does.

a airbrushing ... b slimming ... c shadowing ... d stretching ... e tanning ... f whitewashing ... g head-switching ... h enhancing ... 8 Synonyms Find a word from the text that means the same. The first letter is given. a picture image b shiny g___ c plan s___ d every day d___ e a lot a b___ f thin s___ 1 makes dark skin look lighter 2 removes wrinkles and blemishes 3 moves a head to a different body 4 makes bodies look taller 5 makes muscles stand out 6 makes something look bigger 7 makes skin look sun-tanned 8 makes bodies look thinner Vurderingseksemplar g unchanged u___ h agree c___ i false f___ j step up take a s___

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LANGUAGE LAB

9 -ing nouns Photoshopping is a noun formed from the verb to photoshop by adding -ing. Each of the techniques described in exercise 7 are nouns made by adding -ing. What verb is each noun formed from? Watch your spelling!

-ing noun: verb: tanning to tan

10 Use -ing nouns after prepositions. Finish each sentence with an -ing noun formed from the verb in brackets. a They are the result of ___ (edit). They are the result of editing. b You should take a stand on ___ (photoshop). c This can lead to ___ (diet). d Will you join us by ___ (sign)? e What do you think about ___ (label)? f I am against ___ (airbrush). g The pictures are changed before ___ (print). 11 Formal and informal language Work in pairs and make short role plays about the situations below. Pretend that you are strangers and make sure you are polite and use formal style. • One person asks the other what time it is. • One person asks the other about the directions to the train station. • One person is waiting at a bus stop. The other person passes by, and informs you that there are no buses due to a strike, but there Vurderingseksemplar is a taxi stand not far away.

I have decided to stick with love. Hate is too great a burden to bear.

Martin Luther King Jr.

What do you think this quote means? Do you agree?

stick with holde meg til a great burden to bear en tung byrde å bære

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Killing Trolls With Kindness

kindness godhet/snillhet comments sections kommentarfelt harassment trakassering sexual orientation seksuell orientering gender kjønn Online hate comes in many forms. Hate groups run blogs and websites, they post videos or create social networks on social media. Some haters are not part of an organized group, they just post negative messages on people’s social media and in online comments sections. People who do this are sometimes called social media trolls, and the activity is called trolling. We call online harassment based on race, religion, sexual orientation, gender, etc. hate speech.

Hate speech has become a big problem. Celebrities are often victims of this. Some famous people actually find that celebrities kjendiser victims ofre social media is more trouble than it is worth. They have had mental health issues to close down their accounts or seek help because of mental psykiske helseplager received mottatt health issues caused by hate speech. In recent years, many nasty slem children and teenagers have reported seeing hateful or racist bullying mobbende increasing økende messages online. The number of children and teenagers who harmful skadelig have received nasty or bullying messages online is also ignore ignorere solution løsning increasing. Studies have shown that negative comments in responding å svare social media are harmful to our mental health. abusive her: krenkende, nedsettende How should we respond to hateful messages? Should we in the same manner ignore them? Should we respond in the same manner to på samme måte defend forsvare scare the trolls away? Should we defend ourselves? The rude frekk American podcaster Abdul Dremali has found a solution that works for him. Instead of responding to abusive messages with insults, he responds with kindness. Once, when a person gave him a rude, racist comment, Abdul responded with a compliment: “U look really cool in your icon. What do you use to whiten your teeth like that?” This quickly turned the conversation around. The person explained that he was having a bad day, and in the end, Abdul even received an apology. This is how the other person apologised: “Appreciate it. Well sorry to have been rude, man. Have a good night.” No one is born hating another person because of the color of his skin, or his background, or his religion. People must learn to hate, icon profilbilde whiten bleke turned the conversation around snudde samtalen rundt received mottok apology unnskylding appreciate sette pris påVurderingseksemplar and if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love, for love comes more naturally to the human heart than its opposite.

Nelson Mandela

be taught (teach) bli lært opposite motsatt

UNDERSTANDING

1 Answer the questions. a What is trolling? b Who are often victims of hate speech? c What did Abdul Dremail do when he received a hateful message?

VIEWPOINTS

2 Discuss the questions. a Have you seen hate speech online? Where? b Why do you think people post hateful messages online? c Do you think Abdul’s idea of responding to hate with kindness is a good idea? Why or why not? d What advice would you give a friend who received a hateful message? VOCABULARY 3 Try to explain these expressions in your own words: a hateful b harassment c trolling d kindness WRITING WORKSHOP 4 Imagine that you discover that a friend has posted the message below to a classmate on social media. Write a Vurderingseksemplar message where you try to convince him or her to delete the post.

What you did in class today was so stupid! You are the biggest LOSER EVER!!! Why don’t you change schools??

SPEAKING SPOT

5 Story Telling Work in groups. Your teacher will give you a pile of cards with pictures on them. Place the cards with the pictures facing down. Take turns picking up cards and use the pictures to make up a story. The person who picks up the first card, must think of a good way to begin the story. Each picture has to be included in the story. The person who picks up the last card must think of a good ending.

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ORAL PRACTICE

1 Think of an invention, a new way of doing things or a solution to a problem. Prepare a mini presentation about this idea and present it to your class.

2 Find information about a famous person who has been the victim of hate speech and cyberbullying. Prepare a mini presentation. Include these points: • Who was the victim and what is he or she famous for? • What happened? • How did the person deal with the harassment? • What is your opinion about what happened and how the famous person dealt with it?

Mini presentation Your presentation should be 2–3 minutes and have: • a heading • key words, phrases and numbers • images • sources used • no reading

WRITING PRACTICE 3 Write a personal text called “That Made My Day” about a time when someone made your day. Vurderingseksemplar 4 This chapter presents many people who have changed the world for the better. Write a text about someone that you admire and find inspiring. Present the person and his or her achievements and explain why this person inspires you.

Campaign text A good campaign text should answer these questions: • Why is the issue important? Give reasons and facts that show why the issue is important. • Why is it important to you? Talk about your own personal experience with the issue. • Why is it important to others? Talk about how the issue affects others. • What should be done? Tell what you think needs to be done and what you want people to do about it.

5 Campaign for change What change would you like to see in the world? Write your own campaign text, inspired by the text Stop Photoshop.

6 Write a five-paragraph text about online hate speech. Here are some questions you may use to get started: • Why do people use hate speech? • Who are the victims? • What can the effects be? • What can be done about this problem?

Remember to plan your text before you write. Vurderingseksemplar

PRESENS SAMTIDSFORM OG PRETERITUM SAMTIDSFORM PRESENT CONTINUOUS AND PAST CONTINUOUS

PRESENS SAMTIDSFORM PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Presens samtidsform bruker vi om noe som skjer akkurat nå, og som kommer til å ta slutt. They are out fishing.

Vi danner presens samtidsform ved å bruke presensformen av to be + verb + ing. I am listening to you. Akkurat som med enkel presens må vi ha samsvar mellom subjekt og verbal, men her er det hjelpeverbet to be som må bøyes: I am listening to you. She is listening to you. They are listening to you. Enkel presens beskriver noe vi gjør regelmessig (sjelden, hver dag, etc.) mens presens samtidsform beskriver en handling eller hendelse som skjer akkurat nå. I listen to music every day. I am listening to music (right now).

Presensformen av to be I am You are He is She is It is We are You are They areVurderingseksemplar

1 Work in small groups. Take turns telling each other about things that are going on right now. Each pupil should try to say at least three things. Example: The teacher is writing ... I am wearing ... 2 Present continuous or simple present? Decide which is the correct form and explain why.Vurderingseksemplar a Please be quiet, I listen/ am listening to the news. b Please slow down. You drive/ are driving too fast. c I drink/ am drinking tea every morning. d She takes/ is taking the bus to school every day. e Jess is not here. She takes/ is taking a shower. f What time do you get up / are you getting up on Sundays? g Come on, we wait /are waiting for you. h You can turn off the TV because no one watches/ is watching. i He reads/ is reading in bed every night.

3 Write five sentences about what is going on in the traffic intersection above, using the present continuous.

PRETERITUM SAMTIDSFORM PAST CONTINUOUS

Vi bruker preteritum samtidsform om noe som pågikk da noe annet skjedde. She was listening to a podcast when he called. They were out fishing when they spotted something huge in the water.

Vi danner preteritum samtidsform ved å bruke preteritumsformen av to be + verb + ing. I was listening to you.

4 Translate these sentences using the past continuous. a Vennene mine ventet på meg da jeg ankom.

My friends were waiting for me when I arrived.

Preteritumsformen b Søsteren min lagde middag da mamma kom hjem. av to be c Hva hadde broren min på seg da du så han? I was d Busen kjørte for fort da ulykken skjedde. You were e Jeg så på film da du ringte. He was f Hvor var du på vei da jeg møtte deg? She was g De regnet da kampen startet. It was We were 5 Past continuous or simple past? Decide which is the You were correct form and explain why. They were a I didn’t hear / wasn’t hearing the doorbell because I played / was playing on my Xbox. b I played / was playing tennis when I sprained / was spraining my ankle. c I slept / was sleeping then the fire alarm went / was going off. d What did you do / were you doing when the phone rang / was ringing? e We had / were having dinner at a fancy restaurant when we saw / were seeing that the Queen sat / was sitting at the table next to us. f Who did Andrea talk to / was Andrea talking to when you saw / were seeing her? g George swam / was swimming when a shark suddenly appeared / was appearing. h The fire started / was starting when I washed / was washing the car.

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This writing lesson teaches you • the differences between formal and informal language • to use the right language style in different situations

FORMELT OG UFORMELT SPRÅK FORMAL AND INFORMAL LANGUAGE

I dette skrivekurset skal vi se nærmere på hva som kjennetegner formelt og uformelt språk. Vi bruker ulikt språk i ulike situasjoner. I noen situasjoner er vi mer uformelle, for eksempel når vi skriver en melding til familiemedlemmer eller når vi snakker med venner. I andre situasjoner er vi mer formelle, for eksempel hvis vi skriver en jobbsøknad eller holder en tale. Skriftlig språk er ofte mer formelt enn muntlig språk. Læreplanen sier at vi skal lære å skrive uformelle og formelle tekster og at vi skal tilpasse språket til formål, mottaker og situasjon. Vi må altså vurdere hvilken situasjon vi er i, hvem mottakeren er og hva formålet med kommunikasjonen er, og så må vi tilpasse språket til dette.Vurderingseksemplar

HILSNINGER GREETINGS

Måten vi begynner og avslutter kommunikasjon på er avhengig av hvor formell eller uformell situasjonen er. Tenk på hvilken hilsning du vil bruke på starten og slutten av et brev til noen du ikke kjenner, f.eks. i en jobbsøknad. Og hvordan starter og avslutter du dersom du kommuniserer med en god venn? Mange bruker et mer formelt muntlig språk når de hilser på noen de ikke kjenner eller en eldre person enn når de hilser på en venn på samme alder.

Formal: Good morning. How are you? It is so nice to see you. Informal: Hi! Good to see you!

1 Decide if these situations are formal or informal. a Texting with a close friend b Writing a Christmas card to your grandparents c Talking to your classmates before the lessons starts d Giving a speech for pupils, parents and teachers at the end of the school year e Asking for help in a shop f Writing an essay in English class g Asking your sister to borrow her charger h Having the new neighbours over for coffee for the first time i Asking a stranger for help to find the way 2 Decide if these greetings are formal or informal. a Hi! b How are things? c How are you? d It is a pleasure to meet you. e How’s life? f Long time, no see. g What’s up?

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FORKORTELSER CONTRACTIONS

Det å bruke forkortelser som it’s for it is, you’re for you are, osv er mer uformelt enn å skrive ordene fullt ut. Enda mer uformelt blir det hvis vi velger å forkorte uttrykk som going to til gonna, want to til wanna og kind of til kinda. Denne formen for forkortelse er svært uformell og regnes ikke som korrekt i skriftlig språk. En hovedregel kan være å unngå å bruke dem, men det er greit å forstå hva de betyr.

3 What do you think these informal contractions are short for? a gimme give me b gotta c lemme d dunno e tellem f ‘cos g ‘cause h I’mma

4 Rewrite these sentences in a more formal style a It’s true. It is true. b You’re my fav. c We’ve gotta go. d You’re mad cos I’m better than you. e I’m kinda surprised. f You wanna dance? g He’s gonna win cause he’s the fastest runner. h I’mma let you go first.Vurderingseksemplar

ORDVALG CHOICE OF WORDS

Hvilke ord vi velger å bruke har mye å si for om vi oppfattes som formelle eller uformelle. Formelt språk bruker ofte lengre ord. Mange vil mene at de uformelle ordene er enklere, mens de formelle ordene er mer avanserte. I tabellen under kan du se noen eksempler:

Formal Informal

terminate request obtain acceptable occupation demonstrate observe end ask for get ok job show see

Muntlige uttrykk (colloquialisms) som slang, banneord o.l. hører ikke hjemme i formelt språk, men kan iblant brukes i uformelle situasjoner. Husk at banneord er mindre brukt enn vi ofte kan få inntrykk av gjennom filmer og serier. Når du skriver, kan du bruke uformelt språk i dialoger eller når du refererer til noe noen har sagt. Formal Informal Please go away. I am certain Kevin is not going to go through with it. I absolutely agree with you! I have to leave now. Buzz off! Kevin’s gonna chicken out. Good shout! Gotta jet. 5 Find more formal ways of expressing the same: a I’ve gotta go! I have got to go. b See ya! c You wanna go to the mall? d I’m gonna get some stuff. e I asked cause I don’t have a clue. f I’m knackered. g Hey, hold your horses! h You’re gonna wanna see this! i Shut up, y’all! j Chill, ok?

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SETNINGSBYGGING SENTENCE CONSTRUCTION

I formelle situasjoner bruker vi hele setninger, mens i uformelt språk kan vi iblant bruke bare deler av setninger. I uformelt språk bruker vi gjerne korte, enkle setninger, mens i formelt språk kan setningene være lenger og ha mer komplisert struktur.

Formal: I went to London this summer. I have so much to tell you. Informal: Went to London this summer. Lots to tell you!

6 Decide if the sentences are formal or informal. a Hopefully, we will meet again. b See you later! c Sure! d I am afraid I disagree with you on that point. e No way! f Ok, see what you mean ... g You are absolutely right about that. h So good to see you. i It is very nice to finally meet you. 7 Sean wants to complain to the Prime Minister about too little PE at his school. Help him rewrite the letter in a more formal style. Yo, Prime Minister! What’s up? I wanna complain about something. At my school, we only have PE once a week. How can you expect us to learn anything? I can’t focus in class ‘cause I need to be active. You’ve gotta do something about it, bro. Promise? Cheers, Sean Vurderingseksemplar 8 What do you think will happen if Sean sends the first, very informal letter to the Prime Minister? Remember: Who are you writing to? Why do you write? What is the situation?