A Note fiom the Publisherc /NNI

Rrblished by Alll, lnc.

EXECUTIVE EDITOB: Charles Nazarian tANAGll{G EDITORS: Vartan Oskanian; Raffi Shoubookian DIRECTOR OF OPERATIOII* Michael Nahab€t

SEXIOR EDITOBS: Osh€€n Keshishian; Harut Sassounian

433@IATE EDIIOR: Minas Kojaian (Nirrcsia) ll{TL-SECTlOll EDITOR: Jqseph Kechidrian

OOilTRIBUTIilO EDITOBST Florence Avakian (NY) Kevork lmizian (Boston); Ara Kalaydiian (Boston); H4i Kerorian (L.A.)

4E! E!!TOB: Neery Melkonian (Santa Fe)

STAFF WRITEB: Tony HalFin(L.A.)

OOIITRBIT?ORSE Vtck€nBeberian, lst*fianJrbastian, Gerad Libaridian, Moorad Mooradian, Arto Payaslian, Ann€nAroyan, Gilda Kupelian, Linda Kirishian, Chrihoptrer

Atamian, Lisette Poole, YvetteHarpootian, Vid<en Batikian

CORRESFo]IDEIITS l-cAngElcs JanetSaruelan tNaC*rgiloc ZankuAnnenian Detroits Snnn Payaslian

Lmdon: Ani Manoukian Paris: Khalchik Kechian;

Vl,eima: Sebouh Baghdoyan Amsterdanr: Arsen

Nazarian Tokyo: Sonia KatchianAmmat: Ara Voskian

Syrhey: Haig l-epediian Buenos AirreSamSarkissian

YEREVAII BUBEAU: Papken Gadachik (Chiefl: SourenKeghamian, Kouken Khajagian. DikranKhznulian, Hratch YerknaHian, Hrair Zorian

AIM tras lust completed a major expansion of its Glendale, Califomia, headquarters to accommodate rapidly growing editorial, advertising, circulation and production operations.

These moves were prompted by AIM's transition to a monthly schedule as well as the steady growth of AIM subscribers and advertisers. We appreciate the increasing number of subscription orders arriving each day by mail and through our toll-free l8m-736-3246number.

The healthiest aspect of our free enterprise system is the invesflnent of income into a bigger and better product. This principle applies to magazines, too. AIM has great plans for improvement. Heading the list is better delivery of AIM.

It is a United States Postal Service law that any new publication be delivered by a third-class mail for some period until it meets certain requirements for a second-class status. We ask for your tolerance (for few more months) for any inconveniences that may result from ttre delays caused by ttre third+lass mail delivery.

However, we are happy to inform that we are already in the process of changing our U.S. Postal Service status from Third Class to Second Class, which will insure more rapid and consistent delivery of AIM to your home each month.

We thank all of you for making a dream come true!

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FAX: (714) 731-8855

PIIOTOGBAPHY: l.os Angeloc: Michael Agyan, Jacob Demiriian New Yorlc Tonv Savino Bodon: LenaSanentS,Ari Stamatiou providence: Berge Ara

Zotian Pads: Armineh Johannes, Aline Manoukian

Arilnil: Karekin Kefelian

Yerevanr: Zaven Katchikian, Roupen Mankasarian

PBODI GTIOII DIBECTOR: Vartan l(araoghlanian

CIRGUL/ATIOI|I DIREGTOB: Thomas Yeterian

ART DIRECTOB: Vahe FatIaI

Pl BLIC RELATIOiaS DIRECTOR: Sona Hamalian

ADVERTISING DEPARTf,EIIT: Maher Abouzeid lDirecto0; Ani Stepanian; Victoria Manjikian; Tzoghig Elmastian

PB!LTlilG: Califomia Offset Printers Co.

GOLOR SEPARATIOII: A&AGraphics, Canada; Moushuaka &Vartanian, Amman, Jordan

ADiIINISTRATIYE ASS|3TArTS Seta Kouzouian; Silva Tchelekian

Alt (ISSN 1050-3471) is a monthly puuication headquartered at109E. Harvad St.,Suite305,Glendale, CA 91205: Phgne. (818) 546-2246. Fax (818) !fi-28. Copyright@1 990byA[r,t, tnc. Rtt rights reierved. AIM may notbe reproduced in anymanner, eitherinwholeorin pari, without writtenpermission fromthepublisher.The editors are not responsible for unsolicited manuscripts or art unless a stamped, selFaddressed envelope is erclosed. Opinions expressed insigned artides do not necessarily represent theviewsoftheeditors.

For adve?tiing quer{es cal} l€[tG73e324c

9eccription rrtos: One Year, U.S. and Canada: U.S. $45; Europe: $55; Middle East: $50; Soviet Union: $35; Armenia $30; Far East: $55: South America: $55; Australia: $50;Africa $55

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Fcd fie i&atd the Contlict

We were fascinated to see your exceptional and insighrful magazine. It is superb both in contents and form.

It seems to us that AIM may serve as the best gift from Diasporan Armenians to the Armenians in Armenia (who, unfortunately, at present cannot afford to subscribe to it) and it will make the bonds between them tighter.

Erna Shirinian Hasmik Martirosian Yerevan, Armenia

I received the first two numbers of your publication which produced upon us a special impression because of its content and graphical presentation. The majority of our community members are English speakers, so that the two copies you sent us would be read by many Armenians.

The Armenian community in Romania is one of the oldest in the Diaspora, from the l0th Century after Christ.

We are convinced that the publishing of AIM magazine is the most representative event of the Armenian press in the Diaspora. Hoping that we would collaborate in the future, we ask you to receive our brotherly feelings.

Varujan Vosganian Armenians Union of Romania Bucharest, Romania

The Armenian community in Romania will be profiled in AIM later this year.

AIM is the single publication which seems to write about the interests of my family. It is read by young and old, from cover to cover, including advertisements.

Thank you for giving my son this opportunity. AIM will have a significant role in fighting against the "white massacre."

I wish you long life.

Rita Kuyumjian M.D. St. Mary's Hospital Center Montreal, Canada

(Translated) It is with great pleasure that I received a copy of AIM magazine. I congratulate your editors for focusing so thoroughly on the breadth and depth of the immense problems of our nation.

Vahe Gabrache Geneva, Switzerland

I wish to add my voice to those who have been lauding your wonderful magazine.

We who care about Armenian issues as well as the greater community of thoughtful readers have been enriched by the arrival of your magazine. On these pages I find articles of the caliber of thoughtful and independent thinking which compares to that in any magazine currently on the newsstands of the world. This level of quality and presentation puts you in a class far above any publication now serving Armenians.

I wish you well. I will do my utmost to make my friends and acquaintances aware of AIM.

Rev. Dr. Vahan H. Tootikian Southfield, Michigan

I want to congratulate you for the excellent work you are doing through AIM. I passed some copies of your November issue to friends and colleagues in Beirut, and all are excited with the work you are doing. Best of success. Keep it up.

Hrayr V. Jebejian Bible Socien in Lebanon Beirut, Lebanon

We hope and pray that AIM will be with us for a long, long time, since it symbolizes the Armenian quality for integrity in joumalism.

Vatche Baghdikian Upper Saddle River, New Jersey

lnterview with ARF Leader

The depth of Hrair Maroukhian's intelligence, commitment to his people, and trust in democratic principles came through clearly in your interview with him. However, one point raised by him and not questioned in your interview caused me great discomfort and anger.

Mr. Maroukhian indicated that the ARF has plans to establish in Armenia (as they have in the Diaspora) cultural, relief, student and athletic organizations affiliated with the political party. Undoubr edly, the Ramgavar and Hunchak movements have similar plans.

Why is it so hard to see that this is the exact idiotic policy that has caused such divisions and tribulations in the Armenian people in the Diaspora.

Why do our political parties find it necessary to extend themselves to areas of culture, education and athletics? If those sub-organizations are used to develop future Dashnaks, Ramgavars and Hunchaks, then the natural question becomes: are these political movements so ideologically and intellectually shallow that they have to resort to athletics (and such) in order to find their recruits?

Kapriel Armutlu St. Inurent, Quebec, Canada

Disaster and Recoveryl

I am writing to compliment your staff on your January issue. I found the lead article, "Disaster & Recovery" by Tony Halpin, not only exceptional in depth of coverage but written with admirable clarity and careful attention to supporting detail. I also found the entire issue to be very professionally edited; it was a pleasure to read, and read it I did, from cover to cover.

Lionel S. Galstaun Danbury, Connecticut

Your article on "Where Did Your Money Go?" in the January issue was well-written and very informative. It addressed a concem that, I am sure, most donors share.

That said, allow me to point out two clarifications conceming the Armenian Missionary Association of America: The AMAA's Bibles for Armenia program is not funded by the earthquake relief money, and the AMAA has spent an additional $600,000 or so on a variety of items that were badly needed in Armenia.

Rev. Movses B. Janbazian AMM Executive Director Paramus, New Jersey

Perseverance

Ishkhan Jinbashian's review of Lawrence Terzian's book, "Perseverance: Ara Baliozian and the Armenian Cause," in the January issue of AIM was derisive and demeaning. I have read the book and I found it to be masterfully written and superbly illustrated.

I strongly disagree with Jinbashian and I hope that the subscribers as well as the non-subscribers who received complimentary copies of AIM will buy the book and judge for themselves. I am sure they will agree with me in my admiration of Terzian, Samerjan and Baliozian.

Alice Sultanian Rolling Meadows, I llinois

AIM is brave but foolish in publishing Mr. Jinbashian's hate review of Lawrence Terzian's enlightening study of Ara Baliozian.

I agree with E. G. Avedissian who said that "Perseverance" might as well be entitled, "All you ever wanted to know about

Ara Baliozian but were afraid to ask."

Sona Tashjian Belmar, New Jersey

In spite of the hatchet job on "Perseverance" (Book Review, January) I am an admirer and promoter of AIM. I do hope the circulation increases substantially, for you have a good editorial policy.

Fortunately, the book is selling well. All reviews, except AIM's, I am happy to say, have been overwhelmingly favorable.

Lawrence Terzian Tuckerton, New Jersey

As an admirer of AIM's intemational editorial policy, I was shocked, as any knowing reader would be, by the diatribe against "Perseverance." It is arrogantly sophisticated in its precise language: cleverly derisive, prejudicial words pointed to puncture Terzian's credibility.

What is disturbing to me is Jinbashian's subtle appropriation of ideas from the book, used without acknowledgment, as arguments against the author, when these very specious retorts have already been cited by Terzian as those advanced by Baliozian's detractors.

Nazeli Bagdasarian Racine, Wisconsin

l{eighborly relations

This letter is in response to H. Sassounian's article, "Armenia Should Not Trade with Turkey until..." (Nov. 1990). I fully support President Ter-Petrosyan's efforts to normalize Armenia's relations with Turkey.

Once again, we have adventurist and iresponsible elements among Armenians who clamor for the "return" of our "lost" lands. The recent flare-up in Karabagh has caused Armenia enough damage. Now we have individuals demanding the retum of the "Westem" territories in Turkey.

At this juncture, we Armenians risk losing what is left of Historical Armenia by our attitudes and actions toward neighboring countries.

When will we learn that by asking for what we don't have we will end up losing what we do have.

Viken H. Evereklian Havertown, P e nnsylvania

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After weeks of fervent debate and upon the prompting of President Levon Ter Petrosyan, the Armenian Parliament on February 25 approved a law that allows the establishment of a multi-party system in the republic. Earlier, Parliament had enacted legislation that would ban political parties whose leadership and main operations lie outside the country, citing an unfair advantage in financial resources that such parties enjoy against home-based Armenian organizations. Furthermore, the law forbids political parties to engage in profit-making undertakings and restricts the parties' revenues to membership dues.

Armenian Govemment ministers and politicians joined industrialists, academics, and professionals from five countries to brainstorm plans for revitalizing Armenia's economy.

Symposium-91, organized by the Armenian Engineers and Scientists of America, aimed to develop a blueprint for rebuilding the country. The AESA is to publish the proceedings and to present an action plan next month to the Armenian govemment.

International experts in health, agriculture, energy, economic policy, communica- tions, and legal developments presented papers and swopped ideas at the Los Angeles Airport Hilton meeting from February 2l-23.

Deputy President Gagik Harutunian, Foreign Economic Relations Minister Yesayi Stepanian, and First Deputy Prime Minister Hrand Bagratyan were among 16 highranking Armenian politicians and officials who took part.

Work is already under way for the Second World Congress of Armenian Scientists and Engineers to be held in Yerevan in October. I

Hrair Balian, an accredited Non-Governmental Observer to the United Nations, has urged the intemational body's Commission on Human Rights to find a just and viable solution to the self-determination rights of the Armenians in Karabagh.

Making his appeal at the February 20 meeting of the commission in Geneva, Balian has noted that indifference toward the Karabagh issue on the part of the UN, as well as the lack of public outcry from the West, had paved the way for the recent violent Soviet breakdown in Lithuania and other Baltic states. Balian has also appealed for Moscow to allow observers of intergovernmental organizations, human rights groups and reporters "free access to areas in turmoil." I

Meanwhile, under intensifying pressure for legitimacy, the Central Committee of the Armenian Communist Party repealed its landmark 1928 decision that had proclaimed an unswerving crusade against all forms of ideological dissent, opposition political movements and parties.

On March l, Parliament rejected a call by President Mikhail Gorbachev to participate in a March 17 Union referendum of Soviet republics that would in effect decide the future of the USSR. Instead, the Armenian Parliament passed a resolution to hold its own republican referendum on September 2l , whereby it will determine its final stance on the question of cessation from Moscow. I

In early February, a presidential order from Moscow, designed to frustrate the privatization process in Armenia and to obstruct the economic basis of Armenia's eventual independence, was imposed on the republic. Included in Mr. Gorbachev's directive was a meas'ure that would limit cash withdrawals from personal bank accounts to 300 rubles per month. Reacting to the presidential order, the Armenian Parliament passed several retaliatory pieces of legislation, including a measure that would allow personal cash withdrawals of up to 3,000 rubles in the case of a family funeral, and up to 1,500 rubles for a wedd

Most addresses to the February 20 gathering expressed faith in the democratic path of the present Armenian Government and called for continued solidarity for the process of independence.

For the record..,

With the overwhelming support of the Russian, European, and African representatives of the World Council of Churches, Archbishop Aram Keshishian, prelate of Lebanon, has been elected chairman of the organization's powerful executive body. Keshishian is the youngest chairman ever elected to the eight-year term.

At the end of its 7th World Assembly on February 20,the World Council of Churches issued a strong appeel on behalf of Armenians living in Karabagh, urging all parties involved ",..to take immediate measures to safeguard legitimate religious, cultural and national interests, including the right of self-determination of the Armenian people of Karabagh." The statement was brought about by the efforts of the delegates from the Cilician See of Lebanon.

The Assembly also received a cable from Catholicos Vazgen I asking for the Council's support to stop Azeri authorities from confiscating the historic monasteries of Amaras and Gandzasar in Karabagh. I

A scene from the seminar

"The best solution for Armenia is to maintain a relationship within the framework of the Soviet Union," Ronald Suny, professor of Modem Armenian Studies at the University of Michigan, told a San Francisco seminar on the future of the Soviet Caucasus.

The conference brought together American historians and political scientists to discuss prospects for Armenia. Azerbaijan, and Georgia.

Suny said the U.S.S.R. faced four possible futures: it could break up either completely or partially, create a new confederation, or retum to the strict controls of the

The Armenian commiunity in lraq has not escaped from the air attacks launched by coalition forces.

As of Feb. 17, two Armenian soldiers in the Iraqi Armed Forces were killed in air raids, one in Baghdad and the other in the northern city of Musul.

Also in Musul, the famous Armenian cathedral and the surrounding complex were reported to have received several direct hits, and sustained extensive damage.

The St. Mary's Church inBaghdad also has sustained heavy damage after four bombs fell next to it. Bishop Avak Asadourian, primate of the Armenian Church in Iraq who has been on a peace-seeking mission in Europe and the U.S. since Jan. 13, was due to leave for Amman from New York March 6.

Curtis Struble, a U.S. State Department official, said the U.S. supported greater contacts with individual republics but added that formal relations still had to go through the central authorities.

"Let's face it, Moscow is still in control of the Soviet Union," he told the February 23 seminar.

Former Zoryan Institute director Gerald Libaridian, now research director for the Presidium of the Armenian Parliament, argued that the Karabagh issue was a question of self-determination and not a territorial dispute.

There were no reports of Armenian civilian injuries or casualties, although all communication with Basra, where a sizable number of Armenians live, was cut off.

The Armenian community was reported to be lacking first-aid and medical equipment. r

Images of Armenia's tormented recent history, cap- tured by photographer Armineh Johannes, are gaining attention at the offices of the French newspaper Le Monde.

Her exhibition includes pictures of the fighting in Karabagh and of the sufferings of earthquake survivors, taken during two trips to Armenia in 1989 and 1990.

Armineh sneaked into Stepanakert with a borrowed Soviet passport to record life under siege in Karabagh, finding both beauty and horror.

"I have never been to a place where the air was so pure. The mountains were green and so peaceful. Of course at night there was shooting all around, you didn't sleep, I went with the fighters. They had some Kalashnikovs but mainly hunting rifles," she recalled in an interview with Le Monde.

In a cemetery in Spitak on the first anniversary of the earthquake, she found women crying and screaming for lost children.

"I also started to cry. Someone asked me who I was; when I told them my name, a woman who had lost three girls began crying to her husband, 'Armineh, Armineh. I've

A U.S. Federal District Court Judge recently ruled against allowing the release of certain State Department documents relating to U.S. policy on the Armenian Genocide, but at the same time issued a precedent-setting finding that "U.S. policy recognizes the Turkish genocide of the Armenians."

The ruling was issued on a suit filed against the U.S. State Department in 1986 by Van Krikorian, an attomey and currently Government and Legal Affairs Director at the Armenian Assembly of America. Krikorian's suit sought the release of State Department documents associated with the

Armineh Johannes at her exhibition al Le ilonde offlces found my Armineh again!' It was very upsetting."

An Iranian-Armenian who has lived in France for 10 years, Armineh had stern words for the French-Armenians she has met in Paris.

"I don't consider them Armenian any more; they have Armenian names, they take part in some festivals, but in the main they wanted to integrate. The heart is no longer there."

The exhibition runs until March 3l at Le Monde, 15 rue Falguiere, Paris-l5. Daily except Sunday 9 a.m.-6.30 p.m.

1982 publication of a State Department Bulletin "Note" which questioned the history of the Armenian Genocide.

The August 1982 issue of the Department of State Bulletin contained an article entitled "Armenian TerrorismA hofile," and accompanying the article was a "Note" that read: "Because the historical record of, the l9l5 events in Asia Minor is ambiguous, the Department of State does not endorse allegations that the Turkish government committed a genocide against the Armenian people. Armenian terrorists use this allegation to justify in part their continuing attacks on Turkish diplomats and installations." f