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The gut microbiota drives the successful replacement of fishmeal by microbial and processed animal proteins in gilthead seabream Paula Solé-Jiménez, Fernando Naya-Català, M. Carla Piazzon, Itziar Estensoro, Josep À. Calduch-Giner, Ariadna Sitjà-Bobadilla, Danny Van Mullem, Jaume Pérez-Sánchez, LSAqua and IATS-CSIC
Figure 1. Facilities at Institut of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC; left) and gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata; right).
The future of fish aquafeeds Traditionally, plant ingredients have been used for replacing marine feed ingredients in fish aquafeeds, achieving high levels of fishmeal (FM) and fish oil (FO) replacement in Atlantic salmon, European seabass or gilthead seabream. However, a shortage of FM ranging from 0.4 to 1.32 million metric tons may occur by 2050, significantly impairing the growth of the aquaculture industry. Therefore, there is an urgent demand for new raw materials to retain farmed fish performance and stabilize the supply of feed. Among others, insect proteins, processed animal proteins (PAP) or single-cell proteins (SCP) have the potential to play a major role in the development of new aquafeeds. PAPs (feather meal, blood meal,
meat or bone meal from non-ruminants) possess excellent palatability, competitive price, and high protein content with fewer carbohydrates than plants. SCP (yeast, bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms) are rich in nutrients, can rapidly grow in different carbon sources and taking up less land than other organisms. Therefore, both protein sources are very promising feed ingredients to reduce the FM content in marine aquafeeds, but the long-term suitability of new feeds formulations is often questioned. Thus, conventional methodologies, but also cutting-edge tools, are needed for unraveling the interactions between diets, host metabolism and gut microbiota, which has co-evolved with the host to develop a mutualistic relationship.
Aquafeed: Advances in Processing & Formulation Vol 13 Issue 3 2021
