Seeleys essentials of anatomy and physiology 8th edition vanputte test bank by april.lavender117

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Chapter 09 - Senses

Chapter 09 Senses

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following are important in the clinical management of pain? A. exercise programs B. acupuncture procedures C. acupressure procedures D. vigorous mental activity E. all of the these can be used to manage pain.

Bloom's Level: 04. Analyze Learning Objective: 9.02B. Define and describe pain and referred pain. Section: 09.02 Topic: Nervous System

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Chapter 09 - Senses

2. Which of the following is not correctly paired with its A. loss of skin sensation - decrease in function of Meissner corpuscles B. decreased awareness of limb and joint position - decrease in function of Pacinian corpuscles C. decreased coordination and control of movements - decrease in function of Golgi tendon organs and muscle spindles D. loss of skin sensation - decrease in numbers and function of free nerve endings E. decrease in two point discrimination - decrease function of Meissner corpuscles

Bloom's Level: 03. Apply HAPS Learning Outcome: H06.1 Describe exteroceptors, interoceptors and proprioceptors in terms of the general location of each in the body and the origin of the stimuli that each receives. HAPS Learning Outcome: H06.2 Describe each of the following types of receptors, indicating what sensation it detects and giving an example of where it can be found in the body: pain receptors (nociceptors), temperature receptors, mechanoreceptors (including proprioceptors and barorceptors/pressoreceptors), chemoreceptors, and photoreceptors. Learning Objective: 9.02A. List the general senses and the receptor type associated with each. Section: 09.02 Topic: Nervous System

3. Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. Sensation is the conscious awareness of stimuli received by sensory receptors. B. Sensation can be received from inside or outside the body. C. Stimulation of the sensory receptors does not immediately result in sensation. D. Visceral senses provide sensory information about the body and its environment. E. Sensation is created in the cerebral cortex, thalamus and some other areas of the brain.

Bloom's Level: 04. Analyze Learning Objective: 9.01A. Define sensation. Section: 09.01 Topic: Nervous System

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Chapter 09 - Senses

4. The type of sensory receptors that respond to physical forces such as bending or stretching the receptor are called A. chemoreceptors. B. thermoreceptors. C. mechanoreceptors. D. photoreceptors. E. nociceptors.

Bloom's Level: 02. Understand HAPS Learning Outcome: H06.1 Describe exteroceptors, interoceptors and proprioceptors in terms of the general location of each in the body and the origin of the stimuli that each receives. HAPS Learning Outcome: H06.2 Describe each of the following types of receptors, indicating what sensation it detects and giving an example of where it can be found in the body: pain receptors (nociceptors), temperature receptors, mechanoreceptors (including proprioceptors and barorceptors/pressoreceptors), chemoreceptors, and photoreceptors. Learning Objective: 9.02A. List the general senses and the receptor type associated with each. Section: 09.02 Topic: Nervous System

5. Rapidly conducted impulses give rise to A. sharp, pricking, or cutting pain. B. diffuse, burning, or aching pain. C. suppressed pain. D. gated pain. E. both diffuse, burning, or aching pain and suppressed pain.

Bloom's Level: 02. Understand Learning Objective: 9.02B. Define and describe pain and referred pain. Section: 09.02 Topic: Nervous System

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Chapter 09 - Senses

6. Pain felt in the left shoulder and arm as the result of a heart attack is an example of A. referred pain. B. localized pain. C. anesthesia. D. both localized pain and anesthesia. E. both referred pain and localized pain.

Bloom's Level: 03. Apply Learning Objective: 9.02B. Define and describe pain and referred pain. Section: 09.02 Topic: Nervous System

7. Pain impulses can be suppressed by A. chemical anesthetics. B. inhibition of consciousness in the reticular formation. C. inhibitory impulses carried by neurons of the dorsal columns. D. exercise. E. all of these.

Bloom's Level: 02. Understand Learning Objective: 9.02B. Define and describe pain and referred pain. Section: 09.02 Topic: Nervous System

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Chapter 09 - Senses

8. __________ monitor continuous touch or pressure in the skin. A. Meissner's corpuscles B. Pacinian corpuscles C. Merkel's disks D. Ruffini corpuscles E. Free nerve endings

Bloom's Level: 01. Remember HAPS Learning Outcome: H06.1 Describe exteroceptors, interoceptors and proprioceptors in terms of the general location of each in the body and the origin of the stimuli that each receives. HAPS Learning Outcome: H06.2 Describe each of the following types of receptors, indicating what sensation it detects and giving an example of where it can be found in the body: pain receptors (nociceptors), temperature receptors, mechanoreceptors (including proprioceptors and barorceptors/pressoreceptors), chemoreceptors, and photoreceptors. Learning Objective: 9.02A. List the general senses and the receptor type associated with each. Section: 09.02 Topic: Nervous System

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Chapter 09 - Senses

9. ___________ detect light touch and superficial pressure and are found in the epidermis. A. Meissner's corpuscles B. Pacinian corpuscles C. Merkel's disks D. Ruffini corpuscles E. Free nerve endings

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Chapter 09 - Senses

10. ____________ respond to fine, discriminative touch and are found just deep to the epidermis. A. Meissner's corpuscles B. Pacinian corpuscles C. Merkel's disks D. Ruffini corpuscles E. Free nerve endings

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Chapter 09 - Senses

11. ___________ detect deep pressure, vibration, and proprioception in tendons and joints. A. Meissner's corpuscles B. Pacinian corpuscles C. Merkel's disks D. Ruffini corpuscles E. Free nerve endings

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Chapter 09 - Senses

12. ____________ respond to pain, temperature, and itch. A. Meissner's corpuscles B. Pacinian corpuscles C. Merkel's disks D. Ruffini corpuscles E. Free nerve endings

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Chapter 09 - Senses

13. Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. The senses of hearing and balance are transmitted by the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII). B. The vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) functions as two separate nerves carrying information from two separate but closely related structures. C. The cochlear portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) is involved with hearing. D. The vestibular portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) is involved with hearing. E. The vestibular portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) is involved with balance.

Bloom's Level: 04. Analyze HAPS Learning Outcome: I06.1 Describe how the various structures of the outer, middle and inner ear function in hearing. HAPS Learning Outcome: I06.2 Describe the sound conduction pathway from the auricle to the fluids of the inner ear and the path of nerve impulses from the spiral organ to various parts of the brain. HAPS Learning Outcome: I06.3 Explain how the structures of the ear enable differentiation of pitch and loudness of sounds. Learning Objective: 9.07B. Describe the anatomy of the cochlea, and explain how sounds are detected. Section: 09.07 Topic: Nervous System

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Chapter 09 - Senses

14. The fleshy part of the external ear on the outside of the head is the A. external auditory canal. B. ceruminous gland. C. tympanic membrane. D. auricle. E. middle ear.

Bloom's Level: 01. Remember HAPS Learning Outcome: I05.1 Identify the hearing structures of the outer, middle and inner ear. HAPS Learning Outcome: I06.1 Describe how the various structures of the outer, middle and inner ear function in hearing. HAPS Learning Outcome: I06.2 Describe the sound conduction pathway from the auricle to the fluids of the inner ear and the path of nerve impulses from the spiral organ to various parts of the brain. HAPS Learning Outcome: I06.3 Explain how the structures of the ear enable differentiation of pitch and loudness of sounds. Learning Objective: 9.07A. Describe the structures of the outer and middle ears, and state the function of each. Section: 09.07 Topic: Nervous System

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Chapter 09 - Senses

15. The structure that opens into the pharynx and enables air pressure to be equalized between the middle ear and the outside is A. the oval window. B. the round window. C. the mastoid air cells. D. the auditory tube. E. the auditory ossicles.

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Chapter 09 - Senses

16. The auditory ossicles A. include the malleus, incus, and stapes. B. are located in the inner ear. C. decrease the vibrations from the tympanic membrane. D. transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the round window. E. have all of these characteristics.

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Chapter 09 - Senses

17. Which of the following statements about the inner ear is NOT true? A. The membranous labyrinth is filled with a clear fluid called endolymph. B. The space between the membranous and bony labyrinth is filled with a fluid called perilymph. C. The membranous labyrinth is inside the bony labyrinth. D. The cochlea and vestibule are both involved in hearing. E. The semicircular canals are involved in balance, especially static equilibrium.

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Chapter 09 - Senses

18. In the cochlea, the space between the vestibular membrane and the basilar membrane is called the A. tectorial membrane. B. cochlear duct. C. scala vestibuli. D. scala tympani. E. spiral lamina.

Bloom's Level: 01. Remember HAPS Learning Outcome: I06.1 Describe how the various structures of the outer, middle and inner ear function in hearing. HAPS Learning Outcome: I06.2 Describe the sound conduction pathway from the auricle to the fluids of the inner ear and the path of nerve impulses from the spiral organ to various parts of the brain. HAPS Learning Outcome: I06.3 Explain how the structures of the ear enable differentiation of pitch and loudness of sounds. Learning Objective: 9.07B. Describe the anatomy of the cochlea, and explain how sounds are detected. Section: 09.07 Topic: Nervous System

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Chapter 09 - Senses

19. In the cochlea, the space that extends from the oval window to the apex of the cochlear spiral is the: A. cochlear duct. B. scala vestibuli. C. scala tympani. D. spiral lamina. E. tectorial membrane.

20. The spiral organ A. is located in the scala tympani. B. contains specialized sensory cells with hairlike projections. C. has sensory neurons with their cell bodies in the spiral lamina. D. has hair cells with their tips embedded in the basilar membrane. E. has afferent nerve fibers that form the tectorial nerve.

Bloom's Level: 02. Understand HAPS Learning Outcome: I08.1 Distinguish between static and dynamic equilibrium. HAPS Learning Outcome: I08.2 Describe the structure of the maculae and their function in static equilibrium. HAPS Learning Outcome: I08.3 Describe the structure of the crista ampullaris and its function in dynamic equilibrium. Learning Objective: 9.07C. Explain how the structures of the vestibule and semicircular canals function in static and dynamic equilibrium. Section: 09.07 Topic: Nervous System

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Chapter 09 - Senses

21. The vestibule A. is associated with static equilibrium. B. can be divided into the utricle and saccule. C. has chambers with patches of specialized epithelium called maculae. D. contains maculae, which have hair cells embedded into a gelatinous mass. E. has all of these characteristics.

22. The semicircular canals A. are arranged at about 30 degree angles to each other. B. contain an expanded base called a saccule. C. Are involved in dynamic equilibrium. D. cause the cupula to be displaced in the same direction as the head moves. E. has all of these properties.

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Chapter 09 - Senses

23. The hair cells and tectorial membrane are found in A. the saccule and utricle. B. the cochlea. C. the semi-circular canals. D. the tympanum.

Bloom's Level: 02. Understand HAPS Learning Outcome: I06.1 Describe how the various structures of the outer, middle and inner ear function in hearing. HAPS Learning Outcome: I06.2 Describe the sound conduction pathway from the auricle to the fluids of the inner ear and the path of nerve impulses from the spiral organ to various parts of the brain. HAPS Learning Outcome: I06.3 Explain how the structures of the ear enable differentiation of pitch and loudness of sounds. Learning Objective: 9.07B. Describe the anatomy of the cochlea, and explain how sounds are detected. Section: 09.07 Topic: Nervous System

24. The ampulla and crista ampullaris are found in A. the saccule and utricle. B. the cochlea. C. the semi-circular canals. D. the tympanum.

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Chapter 09 - Senses

25. The letter A represents the A. external auditory canal. B. tympanic membrane. C. semicircular canals. D. cochlea. E. auditory ossicles.

Bloom's Level: 05. Evaluate HAPS Learning Outcome: I05.1 Identify the hearing structures of the outer, middle and inner ear. HAPS Learning Outcome: I06.1 Describe how the various structures of the outer, middle and inner ear function in hearing. HAPS Learning Outcome: I06.2 Describe the sound conduction pathway from the auricle to the fluids of the inner ear and the path of nerve impulses from the spiral organ to various parts of the brain. HAPS Learning Outcome: I06.3 Explain how the structures of the ear enable differentiation of pitch and loudness of sounds. Learning Objective: 9.07A. Describe the structures of the outer and middle ears, and state the function of each. Section: 09.07 Topic: Nervous System

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Chapter 09 - Senses

26. The letter B represents the A. external auditory canal. B. tympanic membrane. C. semicircular canals. D. cochlea. E. auditory ossicles.

Bloom's Level: 05. Evaluate HAPS Learning Outcome: I06.1 Describe how the various structures of the outer, middle and inner ear function in hearing. HAPS Learning Outcome: I06.2 Describe the sound conduction pathway from the auricle to the fluids of the inner ear and the path of nerve impulses from the spiral organ to various parts of the brain. HAPS Learning Outcome: I06.3 Explain how the structures of the ear enable differentiation of pitch and loudness of sounds. Learning Objective: 9.07B. Describe the anatomy of the cochlea, and explain how sounds are detected. Section: 09.07 Topic: Nervous System

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Chapter 09 - Senses

27. The function of the structure indicated by the letter C is A. to collect sound waves and direct them to the middle ear. B. to transmit vibration from the tympanic membrane to the oval window. C. to carry action potentials to the brain. D. to equalize air pressure between the outer and middle ear. E. to cause displacement of the vestibular membrane.

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Chapter 09 - Senses

28. The following is a list of steps that occur in the production of an auditory sensation. 1) The pressure wave distorts the basilar membrane on its way to the round window causing vibrations in the endolymph. 2) Movement of the tympanic membrane causes displacement of the malleus. 3) Action potentials are induced in the sensory neurons of the cochlear nerve (CN VIII). 4) Movement of the malleus causes movement of the incus and stapes. 5) Distortion of the basilar membrane forces the hair cells of the organ of Corti toward or away from the tectorial membrane. 6) Movement of the oval window establishes pressure waves in the perilymph in the scala vestibuli. 7) The microvilli of the hair cells bend. What is the proper sequence of these steps? A. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 B. 2, 4, 6, 1, 5, 7, 3 C. 2, 4, 1, 6, 5, 7, 3 D. 2, 5, 4, 6, 1, 3, 7 E. 2, 4, 1, 6, 5, 3, 7

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Chapter 09 - Senses

29. Conduction deafness A. consists of phantom sound sensations such as roaring or buzzing. B. occurs when conflicting information reaches the brain from the inner ears and the eyes. C. involves a fluid abnormality in one or both ears causing vertigo and hearing loss. D. involves a mechanical deficiency in the transmission of sound waves from the outer ear to the spiral organ. E. involves a misfunction within the spiral organ or nerve pathways of the ear.

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Chapter 09 - Senses

30. Sensorineural deafness A. consists of phantom sound sensations such as roaring or buzzing. B. occurs when conflicting information reaches the brain from the inner ears and the eyes. C. involves a fluid abnormality in one or both ears causing vertigo and hearing loss. D. involves a mechanical deficiency in the transmission of sound waves from the outer ear to the spiral organ. E. involves a misfunction within the spiral organ or nerve pathways of the ear.

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Chapter 09 - Senses

31. Tinnitus A. consists of phantom sound sensations such as roaring or buzzing. B. occurs when conflicting information reaches the brain from the inner ears and the eyes. C. involves a fluid abnormality in one or both ears causing vertigo and hearing loss. D. involves a mechanical deficiency in the transmission of sound waves from the outer ear to the spiral organ. E. involves a mis-function within the spiral organ or nerve pathways of the ear.

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Chapter 09 - Senses

32. Motion sickness A. consists of phantom sound sensations such as roaring or buzzing. B. occurs when conflicting information reaches the brain from the inner ears and the eyes. C. involves a fluid abnormality in one or both ears causing vertigo and hearing loss. D. involves a mechanical deficiency in the transmission of sound waves from the outer ear to the spiral organ. E. involves a mis-function within the spiral organ or nerve pathways of the ear.

33. Meniere's Disease A. consists of phantom sound sensations such as roaring or buzzing. B. occurs when conflicting information reaches the brain from the inner ears and the eyes. C. involves a fluid abnormality in one or both ears causing vertigo and hearing loss. D. involves a mechanical deficiency in the transmission of sound waves from the outer ear to the spiral organ. E. involves a mis-function within the spiral organ or nerve pathways of the ear.

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Chapter 09 - Senses

34. Which of the following statements about taste is FALSE? A. Our ability to perceive many different tastes is achieved through various combinations of the five basic taste sensations. B. Taste sensations are carried by three spinal nerves that synapse in the olfactory bulb. C. The facial nerve (VII) transmits taste sensations from the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue. D. The glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) carries taste sensations from the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue. E. The vagus nerve (X) carries some taste sensations from the root of the tongue.

Bloom's Level: 04. Analyze Learning Objective: 9.05A. Outline the structure and function of a taste bud. Section: 09.05 Topic: Nervous System

35. Which of the following is NOT one of the four primary taste sensations? A. bitter B. salty C. sour D. spicy E. sweet

Bloom's Level: 03. Apply Learning Objective: 9.05A. Outline the structure and function of a taste bud. Section: 09.05 Topic: Nervous System

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Chapter 09 - Senses

36. Which of these statements about taste is NOT true? A. Taste buds are oval structures located on the surface of certain papillae on the tongue. B. Each taste bud has about 40 taste cells C. Taste cells contain hair-like processes called taste hairs. D. Many taste sensations are strongly influenced by olfactory sensations. E. Taste buds are only able to detect one taste sensation.

Bloom's Level: 04. Analyze Learning Objective: 9.05A. Outline the structure and function of a taste bud. Section: 09.05 Topic: Nervous System

37. Which of the following statements about olfaction is FALSE? A. Each olfactory receptor can bind multiple types of odorants. B. Each odorant can bind to multiple olfactory receptors. C. Once an odorant is bound to a receptor that receptor is desensitized and does not respond to another odor for a period of time. D. The threshold for detection of odors is extremely high so it takes quite a lot of odorants bound to an olfactory neuron to initiate an action potential. E. Olfaction is the only major sensation that is relayed directly to the cerebral cortex without first passing through the thalamus.

Bloom's Level: 04. Analyze HAPS Learning Outcome: I03.1 Identify the location of olfactory receptors. HAPS Learning Outcome: I03.2 Explain how odorants activate olfactory receptors. HAPS Learning Outcome: I03.3 Describe the path of nerve impulses from the olfactory receptors to various parts of the brain. Learning Objective: 9.04A. Describe olfactory neurons, and explain how airborne molecules can stimulate action potentials in the olfactory nerves. Section: 09.04 Topic: Nervous System

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Chapter 09 - Senses

38. Olfactory neurons A. are multipolar. B. have dendrites that extend to the epithelial surface of the nasal cavity. C. have long cilia on the dendrites, which airborne molecules bind to. D. repolarize when airborne molecules bind to them. E. have dendrites that extend to the epithelial surface of the nasal cavity and have extremely long cilia on the dendrites which airborne molecules bind to.

Bloom's Level: 02. Understand HAPS Learning Outcome: I03.1 Identify the location of olfactory receptors. HAPS Learning Outcome: I03.2 Explain how odorants activate olfactory receptors. HAPS Learning Outcome: I03.3 Describe the path of nerve impulses from the olfactory receptors to various parts of the brain. Learning Objective: 9.04A. Describe olfactory neurons, and explain how airborne molecules can stimulate action potentials in the olfactory nerves. Section: 09.04 Topic: Nervous System

39. Axons from olfactory neurons A. pass through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone. B. enter the olfactory bulbs and synapse with interneurons. C. form cranial nerve I D. eventually relay information to the brain through the olfactory tracts E. have all of these as properties.

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Chapter 09 - Senses

40. The ability to see many different color variations results from: A. stimulation of combinations of the three types of rods. B. stimulation of combinations of the three types of cones. C. retinal detachment. D. the sensitivity of rods to photons of light. E. the different varieties of retinal in each cone type.

Bloom's Level: 02. Understand HAPS Learning Outcome: I02.4 Describe how light activates photoreceptors. HAPS Learning Outcome: I02.6 Compare and contrast the function of rods and cones in vision. HAPS Learning Outcome: I02.7 Explain the process of light and dark adaptation. Learning Objective: 9.06C. Explain the differences in function between rods and cones. Section: 09.06 Topic: Nervous System

41. Night blindness: A. can be caused by retinal detachment B. can be caused by a vitamin A deficiency C. is characterized by difficulty seeing in dim light D. only B and C are correct. E. All of these pertain to night blindness.

Bloom's Level: 02. Understand HAPS Learning Outcome: I02.2 Trace the path of light as it passes through the eye to the retina and the path of nerve impulses from the retina to various parts of the brain. HAPS Learning Outcome: I02.5 Explain how the optical system of the eye creates an image on the retina. Learning Objective: 9.06E. Explain how images are focused on the retina. Section: 09.06 Topic: Nervous System

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Chapter 09 - Senses

42. The lacrimal canaliculi A. produces tears. B. is a thin, transparent membrane that covers the anterior surface of the eye. C. collects excess tears from the medial corner of the eye. D. empties excess tears into the nasal cavity. E. moves the eyeball.

Bloom's Level: 02. Understand HAPS Learning Outcome: I01.1 Identify the accessory eye structures, the tunics, the optical components and the neural components of the eye. HAPS Learning Outcome: I02.1 Describe the functions of the accessory structures of the eye. Learning Objective: 9.06A. List the accessory structures of the eye, and explain their functions. Section: 09.06 Topic: Nervous System

43. A thin, transparent mucous membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids, and the anterior surface of the eye is the A. lacrimal gland. B. conjunctiva. C. lacrimal canaliculus. D. nasolacrimal duct. E. eyelashes.

Bloom's Level: 02. Understand HAPS Learning Outcome: I01.1 Identify the accessory eye structures, the tunics, the optical components and the neural components of the eye. HAPS Learning Outcome: I02.1 Describe the functions of the accessory structures of the eye. Learning Objective: 9.06A. List the accessory structures of the eye, and explain their functions. Section: 09.06 Topic: Nervous System

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Chapter 09 - Senses

44. The firm, opaque, white, outer connective tissue layer of the posterior five-sixths of the eye is the A. sclera. B. cornea. C. vascular tunic. D. choroid. E. nervous tunic.

Bloom's Level: 01. Remember HAPS Learning Outcome: I01.1 Identify the accessory eye structures, the tunics, the optical components and the neural components of the eye. HAPS Learning Outcome: I02.1 Describe the functions of the accessory structures of the eye. Learning Objective: 9.06A. List the accessory structures of the eye, and explain their functions. Section: 09.06 Topic: Nervous System

45. The choroid of the eye A. is part of the fibrous tunic. B. appears white in color. C. anteriorly, is continuous with the sclera. D. consists of a vascular network and large numbers of melanin-containing cells. E. is part of the nervous tunic.

Bloom's Level: 02. Understand HAPS Learning Outcome: I01.1 Identify the accessory eye structures, the tunics, the optical components and the neural components of the eye. HAPS Learning Outcome: I02.2 Trace the path of light as it passes through the eye to the retina and the path of nerve impulses from the retina to various parts of the brain. HAPS Learning Outcome: I02.3 Describe the structure of the retina and the cells that compose it. HAPS Learning Outcome: I02.5 Explain how the optical system of the eye creates an image on the retina. Learning Objective: 9.06B. Name the tunics of the eye, list the parts of each tunic, and describe the functions of each part. Section: 09.06 Topic: Nervous System

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Chapter 09 - Senses

46. The iris A. surrounds an opening called the pupil. B. is the colored portion of the eye. C. controls the diameter of the pupil. D. is stimulated to contract by parasympathetic stimulation. E. has all of these properties.

Bloom's Level: 02. Understand HAPS Learning Outcome: I01.1 Identify the accessory eye structures, the tunics, the optical components and the neural components of the eye. HAPS Learning Outcome: I02.2 Trace the path of light as it passes through the eye to the retina and the path of nerve impulses from the retina to various parts of the brain. HAPS Learning Outcome: I02.3 Describe the structure of the retina and the cells that compose it. HAPS Learning Outcome: I02.5 Explain how the optical system of the eye creates an image on the retina. Learning Objective: 9.06B. Name the tunics of the eye, list the parts of each tunic, and describe the functions of each part. Section: 09.06 Topic: Nervous System

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Chapter 09 - Senses

47. The sensory retina A. is the outer portion of the retina. B. contains pigment. C. keeps light from being reflected back into the eye. D. contains rod and cone cells. E. has all of these characteristics.

HAPS Learning Outcome: I01.1 Identify the accessory eye structures, the tunics, the optical components and the neural components of the eye. HAPS Learning Outcome: I02.2 Trace the path of light as it passes through the eye to the retina and the path of nerve impulses from the retina to various parts of the brain. HAPS Learning Outcome: I02.3 Describe the structure of the retina and the cells that compose it. HAPS Learning Outcome: I02.5 Explain how the optical system of the eye creates an image on the retina. Learning Objective: 9.06B. Name the tunics of the eye, list the parts of each tunic, and describe the functions of each part. Section: 09.06 Topic: Nervous System

48. Rod cells A. are more sensitive to light than cone cells. B. need bright light to function. C. are sensitive to red, blue, or green colors. D. are found in greatest quantity in the fovea centralis. E. have none of these properties.

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Chapter 09 - Senses

49. Retinal A. combines with rhodopsin to produce opsin. B. releases energy when opsin attaches. C. synthesis in rod cells requires vitamin A. D. retains its shape when struck by light. E. has all of these properties.

50. The spot where a number of blood vessels enter the eye, and where the optic nerve exits the eye, is called A. the macula. B. the fovea centralis. C. the blind spot. D. the optic disk. E. Both the blind spot and the optic disk are correct names.

HAPS Learning Outcome: I01.1 Identify the accessory eye structures, the tunics, the optical components and the neural components of the eye. Learning Objective: 9.06D. Describe the chambers of the eye and the fluids they contain. Section: 09.06 Topic: Nervous System

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Chapter 09 - Senses

51. Cones are A. more sensitive to light than rods are. B. sensitive to red, blue, or green. C. found in greatest quantity in the optic disk. D. more common than rod cells in most of the retina. E. both sensitive to red, blue, or green and found in greatest quantity in the optic disk.

52. Aqueous humor A. is found in the posterior chamber of the eye. B. is produced by the cilary body. C. can cause glaucoma if its circulation is blocked. D. Maintains the pressure within the eye E. has all of these properties.

Bloom's Level: 02. Understand HAPS Learning Outcome: I01.1 Identify the accessory eye structures, the tunics, the optical components and the neural components of the eye. Learning Objective: 9.06D. Describe the chambers of the eye and the fluids they contain. Section: 09.06 Topic: Nervous System

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Chapter 09 - Senses

53. Light rays A. striking the retina cause action potentials to be relayed to the brain. B. are refracted by the cornea, lens, and humors. C. are refracted as they pass through a convex lens. D. that are converging, reach a crossing point called the focal point. E. have all of these characteristics.

54. The part of the eye that produces the greatest amount of convergence of light is the A. cornea. B. lens. C. humors. D. fovea centralis. E. optic disk.

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55. To focus on objects closer than 20 feet, A. the lens must become flatter. B. the ciliary muscles must contract. C. the suspensory ligaments must increase tension on the lens. D. the cornea must move inward. E. All of these are correct.

56. The lens focuses light on the photoreceptor cells by ______________; this movement is accomplished by the _____________. A. moving up and down, suspensatory ligaments B. changing shape from spherical to flat, suspensatory ligaments & ciliary body C. opening and closing, iris diaphragm D. moving up and down, papillary constrictor muscles E. moving towards the cornea, macula and fovea

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57. Which of the following is a FALSE statement about the eye and vision? A. Light absorption in the eye requires the presence of photopigments such as rhodopsin. B. The fovea contains mostly cones and is your area of sharpest vision. C. Rods only detect the presence of light while cones detect the specific wavelength of light. D. The human eye changes the focal distance to focus exactly like a camera focuses. E. When viewing distant objects, your lens becomes more flat.

Bloom's Level: 04. Analyze HAPS Learning Outcome: I02.2 Trace the path of light as it passes through the eye to the retina and the path of nerve impulses from the retina to various parts of the brain. HAPS Learning Outcome: I02.5 Explain how the optical system of the eye creates an image on the retina. Learning Objective: 9.06E. Explain how images are focused on the retina. Section: 09.06 Topic: Nervous System

58. When you walk into a dark room, the _____ smooth muscles of the iris ____ the pupil of your eye. A. radial; dilate B. radial; constrict C. circular; dilate D. circular; constrict E. papillary; constrict

Bloom's Level: 03. Apply HAPS Learning Outcome: I02.2 Trace the path of light as it passes through the eye to the retina and the path of nerve impulses from the retina to various parts of the brain. HAPS Learning Outcome: I02.5 Explain how the optical system of the eye creates an image on the retina. Learning Objective: 9.06E. Explain how images are focused on the retina. Section: 09.06 Topic: Nervous System

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59. You are walking down the street when a strange dog begins to chase you. You manage to duck into a store and notice in a nearby hanging mirror that your pupils are very dilated. Which of the following most likely accounts for this? A. The parasympathetic nervous system was stimulated by the scare and it, in turn, stimulated the circular smooth muscles of the iris to contract. B. The parasympathetic nervous system was stimulated by the scare and it, in turn, stimulated the radial smooth muscles of the iris to contract. C. The sympathetic nervous system was stimulated by the scare and it, in turn, stimulated the radial smooth muscles of the iris to contract. D. The sympathetic nervous system was stimulated by the scare and it, in turn, stimulated the circular smooth muscles of the iris to contract.

Bloom's Level: 05. Evaluate HAPS Learning Outcome: I02.2 Trace the path of light as it passes through the eye to the retina and the path of nerve impulses from the retina to various parts of the brain. HAPS Learning Outcome: I02.5 Explain how the optical system of the eye creates an image on the retina. Learning Objective: 9.06E. Explain how images are focused on the retina. Section: 09.06 Topic: Nervous System

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60. Given below are the events that occur when light strikes the photopigment, rhodopsin. What is the correct sequence? 1) Retinal changes shape. 2) Light strikes rhodopsin. 3) Cell changes are stimulated leading to vision. 4) Opsin changes shape. 5) Energy from ATP is used to attach retinal to opsin forming rhodopsin. 6) Retinal detaches from opsin. A. 2, 1, 4, 3, 6, 5 B. 2, 5, 3, 4, 1, 6 C. 3, 1, 4, 2, 6, 5 D. 3, 6, 1, 2, 5, 4 E. 1, 4, 6, 2, 5, 3

61. Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. Depth perception occurs where the two visual fields of the eyes overlap. B. One common cause of double vision is a misalignment of the eyes due to a weakening of the extrinsic eye muscles. C. Depth perception requires monocular vision. D. The image seen by each eye is called the visual field of that eye.

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62. Nystagmus A. is an involuntary rhythmic, repeated, oscillation of one or both eyes. B. is a condition characterized by clouding of the lens as a result of advanced age. C. is a condition in which one or both eyes are directed medially or laterally. D. is an inflammation of the conjunctiva. E. is a cyst caused by an infection of the sebaceous glands along the edge of the eyelid.

63. Which of the following statements concerning neuronal pathways for vision is NOT correct? A. Most of the optic tract neurons terminate in the thalamus. B. Neurons of the superior colliculi form the fibers of the visual radiations. C. Fibers of the visual radiations project to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe. D. Optic nerves leave the orbit through the optic foramen. E. Some axons in the optic nerves cross to the opposite side of the brain at the optic chiasma.

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64. Myopia is a condition in which A. the image is focused behind the retina. B. the cornea or lens is not uniformly curved. C. there is a decrease in the ability of the eye to accommodate for near vision. D. correction is possible with a concave lens or through surgery such as radial keratotomy or laser corneal sculpting. E. the image is focused behind the retina and correction is possible with a concave lens or through surgery such as radial keratotomy or laser corneal sculpting.

65. When Grace Falle entered the dark theater, she tripped over someone's foot, and spilled her popcorn. It was several minutes before she could see very well in the darkened theater. However, on the way out she noted that her eyes became accustomed to the light in only a few seconds. The most likely explanation for this would be that A. her rod cells adapted to light faster than her cone cells did to the dark. B. it takes longer to return rhodopsin to its original shape than it does to break it apart. C. cone cells are more common in her retina than rod cells. D. her fovea centralis may have been covered up by her optic disk. E. she was probably red-green colorblind.

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66. During training for night combat, soldiers are trained to look slightly to one side of objects they detect. This is because A. looking directly at an object places the image on the fovea centralis. B. looking directly at an object places the image on the optic disk. C. color vision is better if you look slightly to one side of an object. D. the fovea has very few rod cells, which are necessary for vision in dim light. E. of both looking directly at an object places the image on the fovea centralis and the fovea has very few rod cells, which are necessary for vision in dim light.

67. A person with cataracts was treated by surgically removing the lenses of his eyes. The type of glasses he should get to compensate for the removal of his lenses would be A. concave lenses. B. convex lenses. C. glasses to compensate for astigmatism.

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