Representation of Mental Health Through Photography- Critical Catalogue by Annalise Hill by Annalise Hill

Representation of Mental Health through Photography

By Annalise Hill 18099475

Introducton “Mental Health affects 1 in 4 people of all ages each year, as well as 1 in 6 people, experience a common mental illness each week” (Mind,2020). It is a subject that has a lot stigma associated to it, it remains a taboo and it is rarely discussed. There are a range of different definitions of mental illness which each of them carries their own stereotypes. If you have never experienced it, you may feel like it is alien-like and if you have experienced it, it can be completely different from what people know it is. There is a high amount of people who are scared of mental health and believe it isn’t a real thing because it is something that people cannon see “humans have difficulties, but he preferred to conceptualise them not as mental illnesses or as diseases, but as ‘problems in living’” (Szasaz, 1961). Also, why people may not believe in mental health is because of the ideologies that were created when it was first discovered and how society see it today. Ideologies are created based on social and political impact. Photographs have a major impact on how people see mental health because it the only physical evidence that someone maybe suffering. It creates a perspective of how one maybe feeling.

Photographs that explore mental health helps to create a discussion of what should be considered private and what should be published in the public realm. “we are making public these previously private images, it’s not a simple move of just opening up images that previously would have stayed within a small audience to the wider public, but it actually creates a layer of self-censorship as we decide what to make public and what to keep for ourselves. “It actually creates a bigger gap between the public and the really private,” says Bourgeois-Vignon” (Harvey & Bourgeois-Vignon, 2017). It also creates the discussion on the representation of mental health through photography. With working like a concept of mental health this there is a question created discussing how arcuate the representation is. Do these photographs show the true side or are they just summarise what it is like to have a mental illness? Art Historian John Tagg questions this and believes that photography doesn’t show a true representation of the real world. “At every stage, chance effects, purposeful interventions, choices and variations produce meaning, whatever skill is applied and whatever division of labour the process is subject to. This is not the inflection of a prior (though irretrievable) reality, as Barthes would have us believe, but the production of a new and specific reality, the photograph, which becomes meaningful in certain transactions and has real effects, but which cannot refer or be referred to a pre-photographic reality as to a truth.” (Tagg, 1988). Photography has a high amount of power and can show the world in multiple different ways. They can be adapted and change so much that it then can become a unrealistic representation of what could be going on.

This Catalogue includes the work of three different practitioners. The artist Léonie Hampton, Sole Satana and Edward Honaker all consider elements of mental health issues. They all use photography as a way to express how they are feeling or the emotions of their loved ones and how it can impact their friends and loved ones. Mental health is such a personal thing and when it is published into the world it can be used to raise awareness about the subject matter or can be used as an outlook for their internal dialogue. “Intimate photography is structured to think about how it borrows and redirects the language of domestic photography and family snaps for public display.” (Cotton, 2009). This subject matter can be very different from the idea of ‘Family snaps’ because they are using photography to document something that is not consider a proud moment, it isn’t something you would find in a family photo album when you take pictures of someone’s life. These things are very much a private matter as they are exposing a characteristic of a person and this can have an effect on how people may see them.

Léonie Hampton In the Shadow of Things

Sole Satana From a Bad Place

Edward Honaker Haunting Reality

Mental Health when it was first discovered When mental health was first discovered the outlook upon it was seen as a negative thing. It was considered abnormal, scary and the idea of treatment was just to lock them up in psychiatric wards or prisons. They were then kept restrained and experimented on with different drugs which were used to suppress their nervous system. “The extent to which restraints were used varied from one asylum to another, but they were accepted as a necessary part of mental healthcare.” (A Victorian Mental Asylum, 2018) This was to stop people from hurting themselves and hurting others. Henry Cotton who was an American Psychiatrist and the medical director of New Jersey State Hospital which was originally a Lunatic Asylum believed that infection in the body caused mental illness this inspired him to remove them, things like tonsils however this wasn’t working so he “then he took it a step further, removing parts of stomachs, small intestines, appendixes, gallbladders, thyroid glands” (Fabian, Unkown) This just caused higher mortality rate rather than curing the illness. In the Late 19 Century, mental health was beginning to be seen as this thing that could be cured, and they could no longer keep them as prisoners. It was a priority that they would go to asylums and they wouldn’t be restrained as they realised it wasn’t helping them and caused them to suffer more. However, they were still being treated as an outcast. This did also vary depending on the country it was happening in. During the time of Mental asylums, photography became a big communication tool with the patients and the doctors as well as their colleagues. “The Connection between images and mental illness has a long history… the links between mental state and art in all various forms and media long been of interest” (Rawling, 2017). This was a big thing, but it had its negatives as well as positives. Sometimes it was used to document patients and how they were responding to being there and their treatment creating like a before and after shot. Although some argued that the photographs could have given patients a sense of life, others saw it as a way to scare the patient and create the ideology of this is what having a mental illness looks like “Presented with a photograph of themselves taken in their ‘Mad’ state, the ‘startle effect’ of seeing the image would shock the patient on to the road of recover” (Rawling, 2017). This is something that scientifically wouldn’t have worked. The images that were created were very different from ones just done in a professional studio, they consisted of added layers from doctors that could have led to exposing the patient.

A criminal inmate at West Riding Asylum is restrained while photographed (fig 1)

Child patients sit bound and tied to a radiator inside the psychiatric hospital at Deir el Qamar, Lebanon in 1982. (fig 2)

These photographs created a perception of what people with mental illness look like and what was being considered as a ‘lunatic’. The messages behind them were “See, this is what a lunatic look like” (Rawling, 2017). With photographs like this that were the first one’s people ever saw it is clear as to why mental health is such a taboo thing and why people are scared of it. It also created a lot of stereotypes. You can see the destress on the person face in the first photograph and how much they done want to be there. The clenching of the fist can be seen as how much they want to break free but also how much pain they are experiencing. This is also similar to the child facing the camera in photograph 2 where he looks to be screaming for help. The other child who is looking away shows to be hiding how he is feeling. With photographs like this people also didn’t believed in mental illness because they do not look like that and therefore, they are mentally well and do not suffered from things such as anxiety and depression. All of these artist attempt to break-down that ideology and stereotype around mental health and show it in a different light where people who do suffer shouldn’t be scared of it and made to feel like an outcast. Léonie Hampton, Sole Satana and Edward Honaker work are different compare to the images which were published when mental health was seen as such an outcast thing, but this is because all of these artists are contemporary. They are producing work to raise awareness as well as communicating how they feel. They are trying to break the taboo around it and making it acceptable into today’s society. They all reveal a world that is very different from one person to the next. They create an insight into a world that has a lot to discover. A world that doesn’t affect everyone personally but may affect someone you know.

Léonie Hampton Léonie Hampton work explores the impact mental health has on loved ones. ‘In the Shadow of things’ focuses on Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. It shows the raw side of her mum’s OCD and the impact it has on her mother’s loved ones. Which has a different concept to Sole Satana and Edward Honaker’s work who both explore their everyday lives with depression and anxiety. This shows that mental health can have an impact on everyone whether its them who suffering or not but doesn’t mean you shouldn’t talk about it. Léonie Hampton’s work has more of a cinematic effect compare to Satana and Honaker’s work. The photographs have more of a documentary feel to them. This picture in particular just shows a plant in the window (fig 3). It can however resemble a lot of different things such as life and growth. Without context, it’s hard to see what the picture is telling us, but it gives us the sense of isolation and looking out into a world through the mind of a mental illness. A world that may be considered as normal. This links to the idea of representation as its more of a metaphor rather than something literal. This also shows us the idea of perspective and how someone with a mental illness may feel. This photograph works well with the photograph by Sole Satana of the rocks which are layered upon each other (fig 4). This can be interpreted from the same idea of being isolated as well as there are a lot more layers to mental health issues than what people may see. Both Sole Satana and Léonie Hampton bodies of work use a mixture of landscape photography and portraits to show their concept which different from Edward Honaker’s work which is mainly portrait based.

Léonie Hampton In the Shadow of Things (fig 3)

Sole Satana From a Bad Place (Fig 4)

“Whether constructing their imaginary stages or revealing the world as somehow already staged” (Lowry, Green, & Baetens, 2009). This links well with all artist because capturing the raw photos and show the realistic side without it looking staged is impossible. Also, as they are showing how they feel through the representation of photograph which in the picture is more consider as a metaphor for their emotions rather than it actually being them. Photography has become a big influence as a way to express mental health and agather an understanding of how the suffer may feel. Child and Adolescents Mental Health published a journal experimenting with this idea on Ten young people ages between eighteen and twenty-one. The conclusion is “Collection of images captured spaces, objects and places within the public and open spaces… Photographs were taken in the outside but depicted young people’s invisible connection to these spaces or metaphors for their MH experiences.” (Charles & Felton, 2020). A lot of photographs produced in the context of mental health show the idea of the internal world in a public space and it’s something all these artists have in common and links them together.

Edward Honaker Edward Honaker’s work is interpreted more as looking at a person with a Mental illness rather than like Sole Satana and Léonie Hampton’s work where you are looking through the eyes of the suffer and a daughter and how it impacts them and their lives. However, this different perspective still shows how that person is feeling and how they see themselves. Edward Honaker’s work has been included in this catalogue because men’s mental health is more of a taboo than mental health itself. His work illustrates his own experiences, but it’s used to raise awareness more than the other artist as it has been published on websites such as the Huffington Post. “Mental health disorders are such a taboo topic. If you ever bring it up in conversation, people awkwardly get silent or try to tell you why it’s not a real problem. When I was in the worst parts of depression, the most helpful thing anyone could have done was to just listen to me – not judging, not trying to find a solution, just listen. I’m hoping that these images will help open up a conversation about mental health issues. Everyone is or will be affected by them one way or another and ignoring them doesn’t make things better.” (Jungbauer, Unkown ). This is an important thing to state as his work is trying to encourage people to talk about it and especially in today society men are just told to ‘man up’ because they have such a stereotype of, you’re a man you can’t be seen as suffering from a mental illness as it makes you weak. This definitely isn’t the case and why things such as the ‘Man Up Against Suicide’. This is a project which was created for public awareness. “Men aged 45-49 have the highest rate of suicides in the UK…Scotland suicide rate among young people ages 15-24 increased by 52.7% since 2007” (Samaritans, Unkown) This just shows it’s a bigger thing that people may consider and why the artist has such an impact when creating work that speaks about their emotions. It allows people to have a connection to the body of work and makes them feel that they aren’t alone. In photograph 4 it shows him blending into the background, which is full of pattern, this can represent the idea of feeling like you in the shadow and like a fly on the wall. No one knows you are there which can also link to the idea of not everyone knows what is going. In photograph 5 you can see a figure through the blind which can link to the same idea of the photograph 4 but it also shows that there is something in the way which could show how mental health hides the true you and strips you of your characteristics and takes everything away from you and your identity.

All three artist create this feeling of you’re not alone and they all do show mental health from every side and perspective such as from a woman who experiences to a man who experiences it to a woman who is affected by a loved one. Mental health can be triggered by several things but it’s how it’s dealt with which is important. This is why a lot of photographs use photographs to documents them. It’s also known as a ‘Photovoice’ and therefore makes it a coping mechanism.

Edward Honaker Haunting Reality (fig 4)

Edward Honaker Haunting Reality (fig 5)

Sole Satana Sole Satana’s work focuses less on portraiture and more on the landscape. This series of work ‘From a bad place’ consist of a verity of black and white images and colour. The work shows her everyday life, and it was a way to show how she sees her life “I needed to explore my feelings and represent them in the way I know best, force everything in my head out somehow.” (Warner, 2018). The work was also created to make people question what’s going on and to evoke feelings. The photographs are seen as rawer such as like with the picture of blood in the sink and the photos of bruises (fig 6&7). This links back to the idea of representation that John Tagg talks about because it shows a true representation of what can happen when your in poor mental state. However, it also can argue that although you feel like this doesn’t mean you self-harm. Sole Satana mentions that “They are explicit but also metaphorical.” (Warner, 2018). With these being a representing of self-harm side of mental illness, it is something people keep very quiet. Self-harm is when someone intentionally inflicts injures upon themselves. “2014, 6.4% of English adults ages 16-74 reported having selfharmed at some point in their lives” (Foundation, 2019). Documenting this through the use of photography raises awareness and shows server side of it. Self-harm is something that can be considered as attention seeking and a ‘phase’ especially in teenagers. However, with it being shown in a photographic series from a woman who openly discusses her mental illness it shows the impact it can have on one’s life no matter of age and situation. This does link back to the idea of what should kept private and public because of the subject matter as some people will have an issue with it and say it shouldn’t be shown to the world. However, that’s the complete opposite because its being told that we shouldn’t talk about these things is the reason we have such a taboo around it. Sole Satana work allows the viewer to interpret the work how they want to which links all the artist back together. How people see these photographs will depend on how much of an impact mental health has on them. Although these are seen as a representation of mental illness does not mean they’re more underneath the surface and the interpretation from the viewer be completely different from the original context. Which links back to John Tagg response because you can only portray a certain amount with a camera, and it may not be a full representation of how she may feel.

Sole Satana From a Bad Place (Fig 6)

Sole Satana From a Bad Place (Fig 7)

Indentity Edward Honaker’s work is considered more towards the abstract side of photography, his images are about removing himself from the photographs. He uses Photoshop to distort in a way to represent the blur in his head (fig 8) to represent his feeling. As a viewer, you never see his face in a close-up. It gives the sense of lost identity, which is different compare to mental health photographs in the early years because their photographs were seen as a way to give people a sense of identity. Identity comes in different aspects and can be affected by multiple things and situations. There a thing called Cultural identity which is about feeling like you belong to a group. It creates your self-conception and self-perceptions. Cultural Identity and mental health link together because your identity may have an impact on how you feel and how you see yourself. Mental health researchers have an interest in Cultural identity because how people are brought up and the location has an impact on how one may feel. “Cultural identity has been associated with enhanced mental health, specifically with improved self-esteem, resilience, coping styles, general life satisfaction, performance under threat, and protection against distress from discrimination and mental health symptoms” (Srivastava, 2019). This links to all the artist’s work especially Edward Honaker because it leans more towards identity and how he sees himself. This also links back to the idea of perception because we look at his work which he is the subject through the use of his eyes. In photograph 9 we see him looking at him through a mirror which gives the sense of he doesn’t know who he is even more and he doesn’t recognise himself which maybe due to the anxiety and depression he experiences. Unlike in photograph 10 by Léonie Hampton we don’t know who it is because it’s a blurred picture. This creates the discussion of if you don’t recognise yourself how do people see you. In all of these artists you don’t see a portrait of themselves where there is no obstruction which gives us the sense of have they all lost their identity.

Edward Honaker Haunting Reality (fig 8)

Edward Honaker Haunting Reality (fig 9)

Léonie Hampton Domino 2008 In the Shadow of Things (fig 10)

With Léonie Hampton work more focusing on her mother we don’t know a lot about Léonie personally like we do with Edward Honaker and Sole Satana. The series contains a mixture of landscapes and portraits. The work began when her mum went through a divorce and moved out. Bron found it hard especially with her OCD “So then I didn’t want to move the boxes because then you’re disturbing the dust, and you certainly don’t want to open the box because the nice things inside that are all clean and packed tidy. So, you don’t touch the box. You leave the boxes where they are. I just shut the door and left it. And we lived in less than the house” (Hampton, 2011) This is shown through the photograph 11 and 12 which both features boxes stacked upon each other. You see piles of clothes and other items shoved in a room (fig11) this shows a different representation of what people think OCD is like as from idelogies and stereotypes if you have OCD you are very organised, and everything has a certain place. This photograph breaks that stereotype as its very chaotic. Which can be seen as contradicting to photograph 12 of the shed where its can be interpreted like keeping it as storage and maybe considered as organised. However, from the reference it’s clear that they are untouched boxes which are kept there so they are touched.

Léonie Hampton The Yellow Room 2009 In the Shadow of Things (fig 11)

Léonie Hampton Jake’s Play Hut In the Shadow of Things (fig 12)

Use Of Sequences

Léonie Hampton work is consisted of singular images which works together to provide an insight and atmosphere into mental health. This is different from Sole Satana and Edward Honaker. Sole Satana and Edward Honaker bodies of work both contain sequences to tell a story within their series. Sole Satana images of the bruising it raw and powerful. The photograph is a collection of four polaroid’s in one frame (fig 13). All of Sole Satana’s work is created through the use of polaroid because she doesn’t like the use of digital cameras and likes the idea of having to wait for them to develop. This is different compare to Edward Honaker’s work and his triptych of him falling (fig 14). Honaker work uses a digital camera to capture his work. The triptych is an important image because people who suffer from a mental illness explain it like they are falling, or they have hit ‘rock bottom’ which is what these images are trying to portray and show. Sequences can be just as powerful as just one image on its own because this creates the idea of a journey and show mental health is a journey full of ups and downs.

Sole Satana From a Bad Place (Fig 13)

Edward Honaker Haunting Reality (fig 14)

Use Of Others In The Work

Léonie Hampton, Edward Honaker and Sole Satana use other people in their bodies of work as well as themselves. In Léonie Hampton photograph where you are looking at her family during Christmas (fig 15) it gives a sense that feel left out and not feeling like a part of the family or maybe which is consider as ‘normal’ but it also a consider a happy time but that doesn’t mean the mental illness is going to be any better. This is very similar to a photograph in Edward Honaker work but his is a family portrait (fig 16). However, with this portrait he has deliberately removed himself from the picture by scraping away his face, so you just see his body. This gives the sense that he doesn’t feel a part of his family especially because they all look happy with how they are smiling, and he doesn’t feel like that because of how his mind is working. As well as although he maybe there physically, mentally he could be somewhere else. These images are different to the one in Sole Satana as hers is the back of someone’s head (fig 17) and you don’t know who that is, but it could resemble as someone who helps her, someone who supports her through these hard times. The idea that she is shaving someone head can be interpreted as its someone close to her and someone she may have connection with. Also, maybe it’s someone who feels how she does. This photograph you can see the strong flash used giving it a distinct aesthetic which runs through all the images. They all support the idea that although you may feel alone you have someone you can talk to and someone who is willing to help whether that is a friend, family or a doctor.

Léonie Hampton Sorted 2008 In the Shadow of Things (fig 15)

Edward Honaker Haunting Reality (fig 16)

Sole Satana From a Bad Place (Fig 17)

Conclusion Mental health is a such a big thing and impact many people each year and it has an unnecessary amount of stigma around it. This catalogue documents the up and downs of mental health through photography. Léonie Hampton, Sole Satana and Edward Honaker all show the true side of mental health and how it makes them feel. They use photography to break the idea that private situations can be put out into the public and be used in a positive way. As well as this catalogue showing artist work it also has shown how mental health is a real thing which is something that has been debated for centuries. There is multiple representation of mental health in photography but that’s because no one is the same and their experiences with it are different. All of the artist’s work all support each other because the key thing the artists want to do is raise awareness against it. It shows how normal it is and people shouldn’t feel like an outcast and society needs to break the stereotypes which is different compared to the photographs first published about mental health.

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A Victorian Mental Asylum. (2018, June 13). Retrieved from Science Museum: https://www. sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects-and-stories/medicine/victorian-mental-asylum Alec. (2016, October 17). 37 Hanunting Portraits of 19th Century Mental Aslyum Patients. Retrieved from All thats interesting: https://allthatsinteresting.com/victorian-mental-asylumportraits#9 Charity, M. (2020, June). Mental health facts and statistics. Retrieved from Mind: https://www. mind.org.uk/information-support/types-of-mental-health-problems/statistics-and-facts-aboutmental-health/how-common-are-mental-health-problems/ Fabian, R. (Unkown). The History of Inhumane Mental Health Treatments. Retrieved from The Talkspace Voice: https://www.talkspace.com/blog/history-inhumane-mental-health-treatments/ Foundation, M. H. (2019, February 01). Self Harm. Retrieved from Mental Health Foundation: https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/a-to-z/s/self-harm Hampton, L. (n.d.). Léonie Hampton. Retrieved from http://www.leoniehampton.com/work/inthe-shadow-of-things Harvey, D. A., & Bourgeois-Vignon, A. (2017). The Public and Private: Photography’s New Digital Terriotories. Retrieved from Magnum Photos: https://www.magnumphotos.com/theoryand-practice/thepublic-private-photographys-new-digital-territories/ Jungbauer, J. (n.d.). Photographer Edward Honaker Documents His Own Depression. Retrieved from Ignant: https://www.ignant.com/2015/09/24/photographer-edward-honaker-documentshis-own-depression/ Jungbauer, J. (Unkown , Unkown Unkown ). Photographer Edward Honaker Documents His Own Depression . Retrieved from Ignant: https://www.ignant.com/2015/09/24/photographeredward-honaker-documents-his-own-depression/

Kuroski, J. (2017, May 8). Haunting Photos Taken Inside Mental Asylums Of Decades Past. Retrieved from All thats Intresting: https://allthatsinteresting.com/mental-asylums#3 Mind. (2020, June). Mental health facts and statistics. Retrieved from Mind: https://www.mind. org.uk/information-support/types-of-mental-health-problems/statistics-and-facts-about-mentalhealth/how-common-are-mental-health-problems/ Samaritans. (Unkown, Unkown Unkown). Suicide statistcis and trends for the UK and Republic of Ireland. Retrieved from Samaritans: https://www.samaritans.org/wales/about-samaritans/ research-policy/suicide-facts-and-figures/ Satana, S. (n.d.). Sole Satana From A Bad Place. Retrieved from Sole Satan: https://solesatana. es/ Warner, M. (2018, November 19). Q&A: Sole Satana’s From a Bad Place. Retrieved from British Journal of Photography : https://www.1854.photography/2018/11/qa-sole-satanas-from-a-badplace/

List of Illustrations Front cover Fig 1- Edward Honaker (Jungbauer, n.d.) Fig 2- Sole Satana (Satana, n.d.) Fig 3- Léonie Hampton (Hampton, n.d.) Fig 4- Mental Asylums (Kuroski, 2017) Page 2 Fig 1- Mental Health Statics (Centre, n.d.) Page 4 Fig 1- Léonie Hampton (Hampton, n.d.) Page 5 Fig 1- Sole Satana (Satana, n.d.) Fig 2- Edward Honaker (Jungbauer, n.d.) Page 7 Fig 1- Mental Asylums (Ishak, 2020) Page 8 Fig 1- Mental Asylums (Kuroski, Haunting Photos Taken Inside Mental Asylums Of Decades Past, 2017) Page 11 Fig 1- Léonie Hampton (Hampton, n.d.)

Page 12 Fig 1- Sole Satana (Satana, n.d.) Page 15 Fig 1- Edward Honaker (Jungbauer, n.d.) Page 16 Fig 1- Edward Honaker (Jungbauer, n.d.) Page 18 Fig 1- Sole Satana (Satana, n.d.) Fig 2- Sole Satana (Satana, n.d.) Page 20 Fig 1- Edward Honaker (Jungbauer, n.d.) Page 21 Fig 1- Edward Honaker (Jungbauer, n.d.)

Page 22 Fig 1- Léonie Hampton (Hampton, n.d.) Page 24 Fig 1- Léonie Hampton (Hampton, n.d.) Fig 2- Léonie Hampton (Hampton, n.d.) Page 26 Fig 1- Sole Satana (Satana, n.d.) Page 27 Fig 1- Edward Honaker (Jungbauer, n.d.) Page 29 Fig 1- Léonie Hampton (Hampton, n.d.) Page 30 Fig 1- Edward Honaker (Jungbauer, n.d.) Page 31 Fig 1- Sole Satana (Satana, n.d.)

Links for Illustrations Centre, U. M. (n.d.). The Stats. Retrieved from University Medical Centre : https://www.umcpt. co.uk/welcome/the-statistics/ Hampton, L. (n.d.). In The Shadow Of Things. Retrieved from Léonie Hampton: http://www. leoniehampton.com/mend Ishak, N. (2020, September 30). These 9 ‘Insane Asylums’ From The 19th Century Are The Stuff Of Nightmares . Retrieved from All Things Interesting : https://allthatsinteresting.com/ insane-asylums/7#:~:text=The%20hospital%20also%20hosted%20outdoor%20picnics%20 and%20other%20activities%20for%20patients.&text=A%20criminal%20inmate%20at%20 West%20Riding%20Asylum%20is%20restrained%20while%20being%20photograp Jungbauer, J. (n.d.). Photographer Edward Honaker Documents His Own Depression . Retrieved from Ignant: https://www.ignant.com/2015/09/24/photographer-edward-honaker-documentshis-own-depression/ Kuroski, J. (2017, May 8). Haunting Photos Taken Inside Mental Asylums Of Decades Past. Retrieved from All Thats Interesting: https://allthatsinteresting.com/mental-asylums Kuroski, J. (2017, May 8). Haunting Photos Taken Inside Mental Asylums Of Decades Past. Retrieved from All Thats Interesting : https://allthatsinteresting.com/mental-asylums Kuroski, J. (2017, May 8). Haunting Photos Taken Inside Mental Asylums Of Decades Past. Retrieved from All Thats Interesting: https://allthatsinteresting.com/mental-asylums Satana, S. (n.d.). From A Bad Place. Retrieved from Sole Satana : https://www.ignant. com/2015/09/24/photographer-edward-honaker-documents-his-own-depression/