The Role of the Immune System in the Pathogenesis of Asthma

Chest tightness, breathlessness, coughing, and discomfort are some of the common symptoms of asthma, which is a chronic inflammatory airway disease. These symptoms are all connected to airway obstruction. They can happen on their own, frequently in the middle of the night or early in the morning, after physical activity, or following exposure to an allergen.

there has been a worrisome trend of rising incidence and morbidity, particularly in Western nations. Investigations into the cause of the surge are still ongoing. In this context, researchers like Amarjit Mishra an assistant professor at Aubur n University , are working hard to better understand the pathophysiology of asthma in this situation, especially the role of the immune system.

In normal and stable asthmatic individuals, it has been established that macrophages make up more than 90% of the cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage, which are the major resident cells in the lower airway. Through producing enzymes, reactive oxygen species, and phagocytosis, they play a significant role in normal host defence.

Alveolar macrophages serve as the body's first line of defence against allergens and other antigens, and Amarjit Mishra is one of the few researchers to have recognised this.

They are categorised as M1, a proinflammatory phenotype, and M2, a pro-wound healing phenotype activated by IL-4 and IL-13, based on their level of activation. Patients with asthma had higher levels of both macrophage phenotypes, underscoring the disease's complexity.

This information emphasises the likelihood that metabolic changes can affect the phenotype of alveolar macrophages by affecting several transcription factors, metabolic pathways, and their intermediates, including itaconate.

Source:- https://tealfeed.com/role-immune-system-pathogenesis-asthma-hv7um