If one sees oneself as negative, then it becomes much easier to perceive negativity in many things and the negative self image is strengthened. This vicious circle is one of the reasons that a study by researchers from Yale University,New Haven, USA, involving US citizens over a period of 23 years, showed that people with a positve self-image lived, on average, 7.5 years longer than those who are unable to face the reality of old age. (see Auberger, 2004: 43-44) “Whether someone speaks of themselves or is spoken of as being still very active, capable and socially committed for their age, depends on collective or individual expectations. In this, the socio-cultural and often stereotypical picture of old age plays a central role.� (Baltes, 200: 188)
1.4 Problems in Daily Life The Private Sphere Often it is only small details within an individual’s living space which can make leading an independent life and running a home independently decidedly difficult. These problems occur mainly in the bathroom/toilet area, kitchen, living room, bedroom and the entrance hall. In the bathroom, there are the problems of getting in and out of the bath, or sitting down on and getting up from the toilet. Using the washing machine can be a troublesome job. In addition, the absence of handgrips and the frequently slippery surfaces create a high likelihood of injury. 16