CONTENTS Introduction Sponsors
4
Preface
5
Event Schedule
7
App Details
11
Dilemmas Privacy
15
Manipulation
31
Plagiarism
47
Sustainability
63
Motivation
79
Adaptability
95
Humane Sourcing
111
Honesty
127
Inclusivity
143
Advocacy
159
Wrapping Up What’s Next?
173
Credits
175
Sources
176
As the profession’s oldest and largest professional membership organization for design, AIGA advances design as a professional craft, strategic advantage, and vital cultural force. Design Without Borders is founded with the conviction that design and the designers behind it can contribute to improving lives of people in low and middle-income countries and areas of crisis.
From designing the first manufacturable mouse for Apple to advancing the practice of human-centered design, IDEO has long been at the forefront of creating change through design.
Adobe Inc. is an American multinational computer software company. It has historically often focused upon the creation of multimedia and creativity software products with a more recent foray towards digital marketing software.
TED is a nonprofit devoted to spreading ideas, usually in the form of short, powerful talks. TED began in 1984 as a conference where Technology, Entertainment, and Design converged, and today covers almost all topics.
PREFACE
Welcome to the Bold By Design Virtual Conference of 2021. This conference aims to bring together minds from all over the world to explore and solve problems related to ten ethical dilemmas designers face today. This event guide will prepare the attendee for the conference by providing resources to educate on the ethical dilemmas the conference will discuss. The ten dilemmas covered in this book were decided upon after much deliberation about many dilemmas that relate to designers of all kinds. They focus on the overall preservation of the planet and people, as well as underlying key issues in the design world that effect more people than typically realized.
This book is intended to pair with our downloadable app, Bold By Design, the platform that the attendee will use to tune into the live conference talks. Within the app the attendee can schedule which talks they would like to attend live, post questions and solutions during the live talks, and watch past videos they were not able to watch in real time. The app will also be the medium for which the attendee will submit their solutions to be reviewed for the Project Opportunity with IDEO.
We look at the present through a rear view mirror. We march backwards into the future.
“� Marshall McLuhan
WEEK 1 SCHEDULE Daily Structure | February 2021 Presentations @ 1:30, 1:45, 2:00 PM (UTC) Panel Discussion @ 2:30 PM (UTC) 15 minute breaks between each session
1
Mon | PRIVACY Madhumita Murgia Are You Being Traced? Jaron Lanier Behavior Modification Glenn Greenwald Behind the Screen
2
Tues | MANIPULATION Jonathan Haidt Bulletproof Standards Michele Simon Food Politics Tristan Harris Attention Extraction
3
Wed | PLAGIARISM Michael Beirut I Am A Plagiarist Jacob Cass Rip Off, or Inspiration? Kirby Ferguson Everything is a Remix
4
Thurs | SUSTAINABILITY Neri Oxman Naturing our Future Brian Dougherty Green Graphic Design William McDonough Upcycle Your Making
5
Fri | MOTIVATION Shoshana Zuboff Corporate Espionage Blake Mycoskie Generosity as Primary Kei Iwashita Human-Centered Design
WEEK 2 SCHEDULE Daily Structure | February 2021 Presentations @ 1:30, 1:45, 2:00 PM (UTC) Panel Discussion @ 2:30 PM (UTC) 15 minute breaks between each session
8
Mon | ADAPTABILITY Maggie Gram Designing for Disabilities Marie van Deissche Accessible Communication Renée Stevens VR for Everyone
9
Tues | HUMANE SOURCING Catherine Chen Who Produces Your Products? Dilys Williams Sustainable Fashion Peter McAllister Ethical Exchange
10
Wed | HONESTY Carissa Lintao App Honesty Kate Michi Ettinger Integrity By Design Rebecca Sinclair Innovation for Good
11
Thurs | INCLUSIVITY Kat Holmes Shaping for Inclusion Lea Alcantara Inclusive Technology Yiying Lu Designing Across Cultures
12
Fri | ADVOCACY George Lois Words, Then the Visual Tim Degner Story Telling & Strategy Suzanne Lee Pioneering in Design
App Details Before you read more, download our free app! This will allow you to read more about the dilemmas Bold By Design wishes to explore and provide potential solutions to. While you are there, sign up for the design conference so you are ready for February 1st. The app will function as the medium for the live talks of our speakers and panels. Sign up for specific talks you wish to be a part of and enjoy sending in thoughts and questions during the real time of the live event. Can’t make a talk? Watch the recorded version and send in your questions to be reviewed by the speakers after the virtual conference.
Download the App
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B DB L O B D L
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1. PRIVACY
Date
February 1st, 2021
Time
1:30 PM Presentations 2:30 PM Panel Discussion
Speakers
Madhumita Murgia Jaron Laniert Glenn Greenwald
Privacy 16
Event Details
BOLD BY DESIGN
Monday, February 1st
Does Digital Privacy Matter?
Privacy in the digital world has become both increasingly mythological and increasingly profitable. As this growing field becomes more integrated into our daily lives, it still has yet to have proper regulations. This leads to the sharing and selling of personal data, which is often times performed without the user’s knowledge. Not only is online privacy at question, but soon our personal safety and freedom will be as well. It’s important to know what of your information is being sold, where it goes, and to what extent a user today can prevent this from happening. If there are not thorough ways to prevent that now, what can we do to fix that?
Privacy 17
How does one design ethically in a world where online privacy is a myth? How do your designs impact users whose data may be exploited? We want to know your thoughts on the matter. Look at the research of our speakers and then do some research on your own. Send in your thoughts during the speaker’s live talk so we can begin to solve these issues in the design world.
HAVE IDEAS ON SOLUTIONS? Share your ideas with us via the BOLD BY DESIGN app. Or, visit the What’s Next? page for more information.
“
MOVE FORWARD BY LOOKING BACK Whether or not you believe in God, you can probably sign on to the idea that being kind to others is divine. A lesser known quote by Saul Bass, one of America’s most celebrated designers. He was one of the many designers who helped set corporate branding in stone. Corporate branding before Saul Bass and designers like him was less established and therefore not as prevalent in society. Today branding and logos are essential parts of a company, and popular work for designers. With the prevalence of corporate branding today comes ethical issues that involve the consumers. The bigger a company gets, the more ethical dilemmas there are to be considered and avoided. Saul Bass had a hand in creating corporate designs, however it is clear that he cared about all human life, including the consumers. If the design world were to revise corporate branding with the care that Saul Bass incorporated, we might be able to solve some of the dilemmas we are facing today.
1920 - 1996
SAUL BASS Saul Bass was an American designer whose 40+ year career spanned everything from print and identity development to movie title credits. He worked with major corporations to establish logos and branding guidelines, including AT&T, United Way and Continental Airlines. He designed titles for over 30 films and he won an academy award for his short film "Why Man Creates." Also proficient in typography, his “cut-paper� style is one of the most recognized styles from the 1950s and 1960s in the field of design. He revolutionized the way people viewed movie titles by using the time at the beginning of a film to not only display pertinent information but to provide a short visual story or metaphor to intrigue the viewer.
Often times it was a synopsis or reference to the movie itself. His list of title credits include famous films such as West Side Story, Psycho, Goodfellas, Big, North by Northwest and Spartacus. He created four titles for Martin Scorsese, the last of which was for Casino.
Saul Bass and his film posters 22
MADHUMITA MURGIA Madhumita Murgia is an editor, journalist, and speaker with particular expertise in the fields of technology, science, and health. She is also Financial Time’s senior European technology correspondent.
Attend Presentation
Are You Being Traced?
JARON LANIER Jaron Lanier is an American computer philosophy writer, computer scientist, visual artist, and composer of contemporary classical music. Additionally, Lanier has been integral in the field of virtual reality.
Attend Presentation
Behavior Modification
GLENN GREENWALD Glenn Greenwald is a journalist, author, and former attorney. For ten years, Greenwald worked as a constitutional attorney before he began blogging on issues related to national security and contributing to The Salon and The Guardian.
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Behind the Screen
2. MANIPULATION
Date
February 2nd, 2021
Time
1:30 PM Presentations 2:30 PM Panel Discussion
Speakers
Jonathan Haidt Michele Simon Tristan Harris
Manipulation 32
Event Details
BOLD BY DESIGN
Tuesday, February 2nd
How Can Design Be Manipulative?
In design, in marketing, and in social media, misleading consumers is a rampant technique. The world has become polluted with loud messages telling people what they desire without regard for what is beneficial for them. Distorted messages pervade all areas of life, including packaging, food labels, advertising, and subliminal messaging in marketing.
Manipulation 33
Additionally, in our digital age, social media is designed to create addictions in its users that result in threatening impacts on society. What is the difference between persuasion and manipulation? How can design be honest and trustworthy? What are the messages of digital media to its users? Listen to Jonathan Haidt, Michele Simon, and Tristan Harris as they discuss these ongoing issues in depth.
HAVE IDEAS ON SOLUTIONS? Share your ideas with us via the BOLD BY DESIGN app. Or, visit the What’s Next? page for more information.
“
MOVE FORWARD BY LOOKING BACK Produce the kind of art which harnesses the power of the human instinct for that harmony of form... Lester Beall was a designer and advertiser in the 1900s. Beall’s advertising and poster designs aimed towards improving other people's lives through clear messaging. He produced honest visual communication, and while persuasive, was sure not to be manipulative. He was straightforward, open, and direct in his design, which provides an excellent model for modern designers. He led the way with creative and comprehensive packaging and corporate identity programs that met the needs of his clients. In his work manner and style, Beall proved to the American business world that the graphic designer was a professional that could both creatively solve problems and deal with pragmatic issues of marketing and budget. The qualities and values that led to Beall’s effectiveness are timeless and provide contemporary practitioners with a foundation upon which to evaluate present standards.
1903 - 1969
LESTER BEALL A man with a very technologyoriented background, Beall grew up playing with Ham radios and creating his own wireless sets. He graduated with a Ph.D in the History of Fine Art and the years following his graduation found him expressing an interest in modern art movements such as Surrealism, Constructivism and Dadaism. His work as an advertiser and graphic designer quickly gained international recognition and the most productive years of his career, during the 1930s and 40s, saw many successes in both fields. His clear and concise usage of typography was highly praised both in the United States and abroad.
Throughout his career, he used bold primary colors and illustrative arrows and lines in a graphic style that became easily recognizable. He eventually moved to rural New York and set up an office and home at a place he and his family called “Dumbarton Farm.� He remained at the farm until his death in the year of 1969.
Lester Beall and his posters 38
JONATHAN HAIDT Jonathan Haidt is a social psychologist at the New York University Stern School of Business. He is the author of The Righteous Mind and the co-author of The Coddling of the American Mind. He applies his research on moral psychology to business ethics, asking how companies can structure and run themselves in ways that will be resistant to various ethical failures.
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Bulletproof Standards
MICHELE SIMON Michele Simon is a public health lawyer specializing in legal strategies to counter corporate tactics that harm the public’s health. Simon lectures internationally on corporate tactics and policy solutions. She has a master’s degree in public health from Yale University and received her law degree from the University of California.
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Food Politics
“
If they have to put the word ‘natural’ on a box to convince you, it probably isn’t.
TRISTAN HARRIS Tristan Harris is a former Design Ethicist at Google who left the company to found the Center for Humane Technology, a non-profit organization aiming to re-align the dangerous incentives of technology with the best interests of humanity. Tristan is an avid researcher of what persuades our minds, drawing on insights from sleight of hand magic, linguistics, persuasive technology, cult psychology, and several areas of behavioral economics.
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Attention Extraction
3. PLAGIARISM
Date
February 3rd, 2021
Time
1:30 PM Presentations 2:30 PM Panel Discussion
Speakers
Michael Bierut Jacob Cass Kirby Ferguson
Plagiarism 48
Event Details
BOLD BY DESIGN
Wednesday, February 3rd
Is Plagiarism Ever Okay?
The stealing of existing art or designwork is an increasingly large problem we all face in 2020. With the advent of the Internet, the digitizing, collaborating, and sharing of our work is made possible in just a few short clicks. However, with that power comes an influx of the often unauthorized use or close imitation of another’s work. Many forms of copying, imitating, or appropriating another’s piece of original work happens daily and is often gone unnoticed by the general population.
Plagiarism 49
What is the difference between plagiarism and reference, stealing and paying homage? How does this differ across different countries, cultures, and mediums? Tune in to the conversation opened by Michael Bierut, Jacob Cass, and Kirby Ferguson as they discuss the issues surrounding plagiarism and designing under the influence.
HAVE IDEAS ON SOLUTIONS? Share your ideas with us via the BOLD BY DESIGN app. Or, visit the What’s Next? page for more information.
“
MOVE FORWARD BY LOOKING BACK What is graphic design, to which he replied, I am.
Although plagiarism and appropriation are now easier to achieve than ever before, they have been undercurrents in design history for centuries. An American designer named Robert Brownjohn pioneered what is known as "conceptual design" that utlilizes circulating ideas and original forms of media. He translated them into a graphic language that was unique and straightforward for the time. With Chermayeff & Geismar, a design firm Brownjohn helped to begin, he primarily did experimental work, making words into shapes. The work he produced had visual similarities to other works, but with distinctive typography and conceptual representations. As a Mid-Century Modernist, he united the idea of design and concept so brought about an original work. Brownjohn’s values of innovation and a conceptual approach in graphic design helped pave the way for other designers to make more original work that spoke to the time and the people who viewed it.
1925 - 1970
ROBERT BROWNJOHN Brownjohn was born to British parents in New Jersey and had a successful career in both America and Great Britain during the 1950s and 60s. He immediately showed promise as a young design student at the Institute of Design in Chicago, ptreviously The New Bauhaus, where he studied closely with Laszlo Moholy-Nagy. His career ramped up to an early start when he formed the design firm BCG with Ivan Chermayeff and Thomas Geismar. However, that career came to an early end in 1959 with Brownjohn heading to London, the firm became Chermayeff & Geismar. His career in London proved as successful as his early career in the US with his most notable
contributions coming in the film industry. He also worked within several other industries, creating moving graphics for Pirelli and Midland bank and created the cover for the Rolling Stones album Let It Bleed. A 240 page catalogue by Emily King that was produced for an exhibition detailing Brownjohn’s career entitled “Robert Brownjohn: Sex and Typography” held at the Design Museum in London was also published as a book of the same name. Sex and Typography details the adventures of Brownjohn through detailed information provided by friends and family as well as chronicling his career and the work that he produced.
Robert Brownjohn and his firms 54
MICHAEL BIERUT Michael Bierut studied graphic design at the University of Cincinnati’s College of Design, Architecture, Art and Planning, graduating summa cum laude in 1980. He worked for ten years at Vignelli Associates before joining Pentagram as a partner in 1990.
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I Am A Plagiarist
JACOB CASS Jacob is a digital nomad and travels the world (is now isolated in Sydney) with his family of four, while running JUST Creative. He has visited 88 countries thus far, with travel guides on most of them, available at his travel blog, JUST Globetrotting.
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Rip Off, or Inspiration?
KIRBY FERGUSON Filmmaker Kirby Ferguson says nothing is original and that our most celebrated creators steal ideas — and transform them into something new. He is known for his method of creativity known as "remixing," discussed on his four-part web series "Everything Is a Remix."
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Everything Is A Remix
4. SUSTAINABILITY
Date
February 4th, 2021
Time
1:30 PM Presentations 2:30 PM Panel Discussion
Speakers
Neri Oxman Brian Dougherty William McDonough
Sustainability 64
Event Details
BOLD BY DESIGN
Thursday, February 4th
How Do I Pursue Sustainable Design?
The twenty-first century is marked by global conversations about environmental concerns such as global warming, air, land, and water pollution, waste disposal, and carbon footprint. Resource scarscity and waste management are other topics of necessary concern. An increase in awareness has erupted in the last decade regarding depletion of resources, melting of Arctic ice caps, and decreasing accessibility to clean air and water.
Sustainability 65
What is our responsibility to the planet? How is negligence and wastefulness harming our communities? How much will it cost to pursue true, long-term sustainability? Hear from Bryan Dougherty, Neri Oxman, and William McDonough on innovative ways to be a sustainable designer.
HAVE IDEAS ON SOLUTIONS? Share your ideas with us via the BOLD BY DESIGN app. Or, visit the What’s Next? page for more information.
“
MOVE FORWARD BY LOOKING BACK Have nothing in your house that you do not know to be useful, or believe to be beautiful. William Morris was a forerunner for contemporary designers seeking sustainable practices. He is predominantly known for his textile and wallpaper designs, in which he employed completely natural printing processes and handcrafted production techniques as he sought elimination of excessive materials. Morris argues for careful making, more equal distribution and fighting of environmental degradation and overproduction by thoroughly internalizing the values of craft, durability and preservation. He does not lose quality or beauty, but instead seeks to exemplify those qualities and traits with his sustainable practices.
1834 - 1896
WILLIAM MORRIS William Morris is the primary artist associated with the Arts and Crafts Movement of the late 19th century. The movement placed a high importance on the quality of craftsmanship while emphasizing the importance for the arts to contribute to economic reform. Morris was instrumental in the founding of Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co., which would later evolve to just Morris & Co. Morris & Co. and their publishing division Kelmscott Press contributed much of the work that is associated with the Arts and Crafts movement. The style is associated with many different types of design including architecture, typography, book printing, textile and interior design.
Considered the first eco-warrior of design, Morris made a conscious attempt to change people’s lives through his design work. He was well known for his pronouncement: “Have nothing in your house that you do not know to be useful, or believe to be beautiful� but his deeper passion was for the possibilities of sustainable design He felt that humans desperately needed a connection to nature to live a truly human life, and his designs were attempts to keep that connection alive.
William Morris and the Arts & Crafts Movement 70
NERI OXMAN A multi-disciplinary designer, Neri Oxman founded The Mediated Matter Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2010. There, she was able to establish and pioneered the field of Material Ecology, fusing technology and biology to deliver designs that combine principles of ecological sustainability.
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Naturing Our Future
BRIAN DOUGHERTY Brian Dougherty, a voice at the forefront of ecological communication and sustainable corporate design, is a partner at Celery Design Collaborative and a recognized leader in green design. A founding member of the board of advisors for the AIGA Center for Sustainable Design, he lives and works in Berkeley, California.
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Green Graphic Design
WILLIAM MCDONOUGH Architect, advisor, designer,innovator, and author, McDonough is known globally as a leader in sustainable development. His vision for a future of abundance for all is helping companies and communities think differently around the world.
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Upcycle Your Making
I WANT TO MAKE BEAUTIFUL THINGS, EVEN IF NOBODY CARES SAUL BASS
A
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TIM SPEAKER
Dieter Rams
5. MOTIVATION
Date
February 5th, 2021
Time
1:30 PM Presentations 2:30 PM Panel Discussion
Speakers
Shoshana Zuboff Blake Mycoskie Kei Iwashita
Motivation 78
Event Details
BOLD BY DESIGN
Friday, February 5th
What Are My Motivations?
Personal gain, whether monetary or successoriented, is often the goal of productive work. Corporate greed, unkind and inhumane leadership, and selfish motivations are both well-known and seen in the world. In many corporations and businesses, actions that are unhelpful to people are justified because of profit and gain. However, what should be the motivation of designers and makers? What should be the goal of advertising and promotion? What can you aim for as an innovator in your field?
Motivations 79
Listen to and interact with Blake Mycoskie, Kei Iwashita, and Shoshana Zuboff on the topic of motivation as it applies to your work.
HAVE IDEAS ON SOLUTIONS? Share your ideas with us via the BOLD BY DESIGN app. Or, visit the What’s Next? page for more information.
“
MOVE FORWARD BY LOOKING BACK His images are playful, boundlessly inventive and seem almost to throb with the emotion of the classical music he loved. Alex Steinweiss was a mid-century designer who saw success as secondary to the making of useful work that would benefit society. He invented the album cover as we know it—an intentionally designed supplementary sleeve to the music piece it accompanied. He provides an example for contemporary designers and thinkers to allow success to be secondary to producing useful and beneficial work for anyone no matter the industry. "He is an alert, energetic, twentieth century personality. He is charged with ambition— an ambition that is controlled and directed by a cool logical mind, and which has an enormous capacity for work at its service. Add to that an innate talent for design and you have a combination that almost assures success. That success is abundant and has come early, but to Steinweiss it is a by-product."
1917 - 2011
ALEX STEINWEISS Alex Steinweiss has a massive body of design work that spans several different media. Some of his clients have included the U.S. Navy, PRINT, Fortune and Columbia Records. However, he is most recognized for inventing the modern album cover and much of his work lies in the poster-like images that he created while working as an art director at Columbia records. Before Steinweiss the only album covers that existed were brown paper wrappers that served to protect the album you had just purchased. His idea to create artwork to entice the buyer to purchase the album was an instant success.
From 1939 to 1945 he designed record covers for Columbia, during which time he turned out hundreds of distinct designs. After 1945 he began working for other clients including several other record companies and in 1974 he retired to Florida to paint and work on occasional commissioned pieces.
Alex Steinweiss and his album covers 86
SHOSHANA ZUBOFF Zuboff is the author of three books, including The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power. She is the Charles Edward Wilson Professor Emerita at Harvard Business School and a former Faculty Associate at the Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society at Harvard Law School.
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Corporate Espionage
“
We are not the users, we are being used.
BLAKE MYCOSKIE Blake Mycoskie is the Founder of TOMS and the brains behind the brand's own One for OneÂŽ model. He is passionate about inspiring young business people to help make tomorrow better, encouraging them to include giving in everything they do. His hope is to see a future driven by socially-minded businesses and responsible consumers.
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Generosity as Primary
KEI IWASHITA Kei is a Director at IDEO Tokyo, where she focuses on helping clients create human-centered and innovative business models that unlock new ways for firms and companies to grow. Previously, she worked at IDEO’s Food Studio in San Francisco, helping design solutions that revolutionize and improve the global food landscape.
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Human-Centered Design
CASE STUDY 620 CHAIR PROGRAMME
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6. ADAPTABILITY
Dates
February 8th, 2021
Times
1:30 PM Presentations 2:30 PM Panel Discussion
Speaker
Maggie Gram Marie van Driessche RenĂŠe Stevens
Adaptability 96
Event Details
BOLD BY DESIGN
Monday, February 8th
How Is Adaptable Design Influential?
Change happens to us everyday on nearly every level. Physically, emotionally, cognitively, socially, environmentally, and spiritually we grow, mature, decline, and adapt. And whether or not we realize it, the key to riding the wave of change is flexibility.
Adaptability 97
Aside from being flexible, implementing adaptability in design requires anticipating needs, understanding daily inconveniences, and challenging ourselves to create a more adaptable tomorrow. And yet, being too adaptable can often be self-defeating and potentially harmful. So how do we collectively design effective long-term solutions for the future while taking inventory of the now? What solutions can we work on now to make life easier for the disabled, the elderly, or just anyone, regardless of situation? Read ahead on the projects of Maggie Gram, Marie van Deissche, and RenĂŠe Stevens as you prepare to hear how adaptable design done well is timeless design.
HAVE IDEAS ON SOLUTIONS? Share your ideas with us via the BOLD BY DESIGN app. Or, visit the What’s Next? page for more information.
“
MOVE FORWARD BY LOOKING BACK He believed in the curative power of good design when applied to all aspects of American life. -AIGA It is important for today’s designers to hold themselves to an optimistic and flexible work ethic, especially during uncertain times. Change is an inevitable tool of the designer. Basic psychological needs such as shelter and a healthy environment can be improved through design, as seen through the work of modern idealists such as Alvin Lustig. Lustig believed it was important that design be involved in all aspects of life. He had a firm belief in the idea that a person’s interior space affected how they worked. Since he could not make structural changes in his small studio, he used transparent materials in open spaces to divide sections of the room (curtains and beaded curtains in places of doorways). His use of relatively inexpensive materials to make a small space both practical and well-designed could be implemented in low-income houses today, especially in third-world countries, to greatly improve the lives of many.
1915 - 1955
ALVIN LUSTIG A student of Frank Lloyd Wright, among others, Alvin Lustig had a very successful career in graphic design and art direction. Revolutionizing the approach to book cover design in the 1940s, Lustig would attempt to get a sense of the writers direction from reading the book and then translate it into his own graphic style (The previous trend was to summarize the book with one image). The combination of technology and creativity in his designs was reminiscent of the Bauhaus, as did his intellectual approach to problem-solving. He designed books in LA for New Directions before moving to New York to become the Director of Visual Research for Look Magazine.
He rose to success early in his career garnering work for all types of clients and working on a vast array of types of projects. He died much too early at the age of 40, in 1955. His simplified shapes and use of flat colors, all while creating elaborate and intensely interesting compositions, are still imitated today by many graphic designers.
Alvin Lustig and his book jackets 102
MAGGIE GRAM Maggie Gram is a digital product designer, design researcher, and cultural historian. She now leads teams at Mohr Design and teaches at the Maryland Institute College of Art (MICA) in Baltimore, MD. Gram is currently writing a book on the idea of design in the twentieth century.
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Designing for Disabilities
MARIE VAN DRIESSCHE Marie van Driessche is a deaf designer from Amsterdam. As a designer, she is fascinated by how people interact with digital products and each other. Currently, she works at VPRO Broadcasting as an interactive designer with a focus on making communication more accessible.
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Accessible Communication
RENÉE STEVENS RenÊe Stevens is an interactive and immersive designer, educator, author, and speaker. Her creative work focuses on innovative ways AR/MR can help overcome learning disabilities and create more accessible and inclusive learning environments.
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VR for Everyone
7. HUMANE SOURCING
Date
February 9th, 2021
Time
1:30 PM Presentations 2:30 PM Panel Discussion
Speakers
Madhumita Murgia Jaron Lanier Glenn Greenwald
Humane Sourcing 112
Event Details
BOLD BY DESIGN
Tuesday, February 9th
Is My Design Humanely Sourced?
Design is created and then made tangible. In order to make it tangible, it needs workers and materials. As demand for products grow, those workers are taken advantage of and the materials become lower quality for cost effectiveness. Labor trafficking and fast fashion are two big aspects of inhumanely sourced design. Labor trafficking is a modern-day form of slavery in which individuals perform labor or services through the use of fraud, or coercion.
Humane Sourcing 113
A designer will, at some point, find themself in the position of determining which sources and materials are most ethical for their projects. How do we humanely source materials and services in design? Who all is affected and involved when you choose a cheap material in favor of something with a higher quality? What are ways in which we can eliminate unethical sourcing across design?
HAVE IDEAS ON SOLUTIONS? Share your ideas with us via the BOLD BY DESIGN app. Or, visit the What’s Next? page for more information.
“
MOVE FORWARD BY LOOKING BACK Don’t try to be original, just try to be good.
Famously said by Paul Rand, this quote is more to the reader than just an inspiring originality. As a designer of any thing, one should not strive to think to hard about being original, but instead should try to make good design. What does good mean in this instance? The only instance of good that makes sense in this context is defined as “that which is morally right.” Notice too that “good’ was not attached to anything in particular when Paul said it. He meant good overall. When designing, one should think of all people involved so that all parts of a given design can be considered good. It is not just the visual element or outcome; it is how the solution was created, who was involved, and being able to say at the end of the day that what you created was completely good. Paul Rand was extremely influential in corporate identity, which is imperative to companies today. Would Paul Rand consider what designers today to be good?
1914 - 1996
PAUL RAND Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, describing Rand: “He is a painter, lecturer, industrial designer, advertising artist who draws his knowledge and creativeness from the resources of this country. He is an idealist and a realist, using the language of the poet and business man. He thinks in terms of need and function. He is able to analyze his problems but his fantasy is boundless.�
His early career was spent working for Apparel Arts and Esquire magazines and then joining the Weintraub agency.
Paul Rand is one of the most famous and recognized American designers of the 20th Century.
The height of corporate identity design owed much to the unwavering pursuit of Paul Rand to make advertising more than just billboards. He worked in the field until the day that he died, at the age of 82.
His ideas, philosophies and approach continue to be a large part of the fundamentals of design taught in education programs across the world.
He was so successful that after a few years he demanded twice the pay for half the time, and got it. His relentless passion for corporate identity helped shape the American business landscape in the 1960s.
Paul Rand and his corporate design 118
CATHERINE CHEN Catherine Chen is chief executive officer at Polaris, an organization dedicated to fighting sex and labor trafficking. Chen has spent nearly two decades creating innovative programs that tackle sex and labor trafficking at its core and provides hope.
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Who Produces Your Products?
DILYS WILLIAMS Professor Dilys Williams is the Director of Fashion Design for Sustainability at the Centre for Sustainable Fashion in London. They explore specific ways that ensure that the raw materials are sourced ethically and sustainably, as well as making sure the laborers themselves are taken care of.
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Sustainable Fashion
PETER MCALLISTER Peter McAllister is the executive director at the Ethical Trading Initiative, which tackles questions about how companies can trade ethically and make positive change in workers’ lives. McAllister has spent over twenty years in international rights-based initiatives around the world.
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Ethical Exchange
100% JUICE!
ALL NATURAL ORGANIC
ON SALE
*
100% JUICE!
ALL NATURAL ORGANIC
*for card members only
8. HONESTY
Event Details Date
February 10th, 2021
Time
1:30 PM Presentations 2:30 PM Panel Discussion Kate Michi Ettinger Rebecca Sinclair
Honesty 128
Speakers Carissa Lintao
BOLD BY DESIGN
Wednesday, February 10th
What Makes Design Honest?
In a world where it is profitable for companies to sell information about its consumers, what are some examples of transparent companies that design, market, and sell their products for exactly what they are? The idea of honest design accentuates the true meaning or usefulness of said design; there should be no decoration or unnecessary visual appeals that try to sell the product as something that it actually is not. Case studies find that user-friendly apps that keep the consumer its main priority (rather than the profits one can make off of their consumer) are generally considered more “honest� in design than others.
Honesty 129
How can we implement changes in design to promote honest behavior? What products and companies can we look to as relevant examples of honest design?
HAVE IDEAS ON SOLUTIONS? Share your ideas with us via the BOLD BY DESIGN app. Or, visit the What’s Next? page for more information.
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MOVE FORWARD BY LOOKING BACK I preferred to do the work, not talk about it.
Visual honesty can become a difficult task to the creative designer. Stripping a design down to its bare necessities and determining its function and usefulness is something that has been solved various ways through history. Erik Nitsche effectively employed this form of honesty in his design work while carefully maintaining visual interest and creativity. Every element of his design had purpose. When working for the Air Tech and Air News magazine, the iconographics he created were both the most distinctive and informational elements, most detailing a variety of technical charts and graphs. Providing clear, factual information in an easy-to-read format in today’s world is already a tricky task with the rise of "fake news” infiltrating mainstream media. Nitsche’s ethical intentions guided him in designing for peace instead of warfare, clarity instead of visual noise, and a raised awareness of key issues during his time in Nazi Germany.
1908 - 1998
ERIK NITSCHE Erik Nitsche left an unmistakable mark on the world of design in his approximately 60 year career. Leaving almost no field untouched, he worked as an art director, book designer, illustrator, typographer, graphic designer, photographer, advertiser, and packaging designer. His graphic design work included magazine covers, signage, film, exhibitions, posters as well as many other kinds of advertising mediums. Before emigrating to the United States in 1934 Nitsche studied design at the Collège Classique in Switzerland and the esteemed Kunst-gewerbeschule in Munich. His work has a distinctly modernist aesthetic and although he never had the opportunity to attend the
Bauhaus Laszlo Moholy-Nagy has been quoted as saying, “Who is this guy that is doing the Bauhaus in New York?� He designed promotional and advertising campaigns for a host of different clients including department stores, feature films, record companies and the New York Transit Authority. Nitsche greatly influenced the young generation of designers in America in the mid-20th century including the legendary designers Walter Bernard and Seymour Chwast.
Erik Nitsche and General Dynamics 134
CARISSA LINTAO Carissa Lintao is the founder of Apptuitive, an award-winning app store optimization agency. As a “Kind Innovator,� she is working towards creating ethical app store-related environments to bridge information gaps in tech and level the playing field.
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App Honesty
KATE MICHI ETTINGER Strategic advisor, a health care interaction designer, a social entrepreneur, and an ethics consultant, Kate brings together bioethics and product design in her work. She asks the important questions like, “Who is making sure that the medical devices designed for low income countries are safe?�
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Integrity by Design
REBECCA SINCLAIR Rebecca Sinclair was part of a design research team, worked on new product development, and built tools to inspire and guide culture-aligned action during hyper-growth. She also spent 4 years at IDEO working in both digital and physical realms.
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Innovation for Good
BEAUTY FOR ALL FOUNDATION
9. INCLUSIVITY
Date
February 11th, 2021
Time
1:30 PM Presentations 2:30 PM Panel Discussion
Speakers
Kat Holmes Lea Alcantara Yiying Lu
Inclusivity 144
Event Details
BOLD BY DESIGN
Thursday, February 11th
Why Is Inclusive Design Needed?
Designing for the majority is not quite as simple as designing for the “average” person. Kat Holmes, a former director of Inclusive Design at Microsoft asks a pivotal question, “which human belongs in the center of human-centered design?” If you are designing an automatically opening door for the disabled, you are not only helping those with mobility aids, but every person whose hands are full or preoccupied that would struggle to move through an entryway.
Inclusivity 145
While inclusive design like an automatic door entry aims to solve problems for everyone, inclusivity would not be complete without providing an accessible experience for all. The diversity of needs depends on factors ranging from race, ability, income, country of residence, and mental health, among others. Our speakers will address these questions and more as together we consider how we can make design more inclusive of all people.
HAVE IDEAS ON SOLUTIONS? Share your ideas with us via the BOLD BY DESIGN app. Or, visit the What’s Next? page for more information.
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MOVE FORWARD BY LOOKING BACK When it came to the blending of photography, typography, and color, nobody did it better. Accessibility, representation, and diversity are all important aspects of inclusive design. Solving a problem for one person can make the lives of thousands easier and create less of an exclusive environment for disabled and marginalized groups to live in. Technologies like Google extension plug-ins can change the color and contrast of a web page helping the visually impaired and colorblind, but can also help those with no vision impairments improve the visibility of a low-contrast UI design. Inclusivity forces the designer to think about all potential audiences and users, making the design or product inherently more useful. The more useful, the more long-lasting it will be. Emphasizing the connection between consumer and designer fuels attention to human-centered design. Ideas in humancentered design can be traced to designers from the mid-century like human interaction between his audience and his designs.
1911 - 1995
BRADBURY THOMPSON Bradbury Thompson was truly a master of almost every aspect of the design profession.
Bible typography since Gutenberg first published his masterpiece in 1455.
He studied printing production, was an art director for Mademoiselle magazine, designed books, pushed the boundaries of conventional typography and taught design at Yale University. He designed 60+ issues of Westvaco Inspirations for the Westvaco Paper Corporation. His designs reached thousands of designers, printers and typographers.
Another significant point in his career (within the field of typography), was his publication of Alphabet 26, which was labeled as a monoalphabet. It contained only 26 unique characters, in which case was established by size only instead of entirely new characters (such as r/R, e/E, a/A).
Born in 1911 in Topeka, Kansas and educated at Washburn University Thompson stayed in touch with the university throughout his career. From 1969-1979 Thompson worked together with Washburn to create the Washburn Bible.The book was the most significant development in
Thompson’s work garnered him the highest award of every major design organization including AIGA, the famous Art Directors Club and the Type Directors Club. He died in 1995, living a wonderous life.
Bradbury Thompson and his prints 150
KAT HOLMES Kat Holmes served as the Principal Director of Inclusive Design at Microsoft from 2014 to 2017, creating the Inclusive: Microsoft Design Toolkit, an award-winning book that is now used by many companies and universities. She is the founder of Mismatch Design.
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Shaping for Inclusion
LEA ALCANTRA An international speaker logging more than 30 engagements in which she connects with people from stage to share her experience and expertise while also providing exceptional value to any audience in any setting. Lea works not only in engineering, graphic design,but also with UI and UX design as well.
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Inclusive Technology
YIYING LU Yiying Lu creates iconic designs and brands which transcend the linguistic barriers, unite people, and enchant audiences around the world. She speaks on topics of cross-cultural design, creativity, and innovation at global conferences such as SXSW, TEDx Palo Alto, Adobe MAX, Web Summit, and other subjects.
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Designing Across Cultures
10. ADVOCACY
Date
February 12th, 2021
Time
1:30 PM Presentations 2:30 PM Panel Discussion
Speakers
George Lois Tim Degner Suzanne Lee
Advocacy 160
Event Details
BOLD BY DESIGN
Friday, February 12th
How Do I Contribute to Ethical Design?
Given our understanding of the many ethical dilemmas we are dealing with in 2020, we as young designers carry the torch as we design forward. With this comes a responsibility to do more than just create good or useful design. As we design forward, we must proactively ask the above question, early and often. Advocating for more privacy, less manipulation, originality, more sustainability, clear motivations, adaptability, humane sourcing, honesty, and inclusivity in our design can, at times, feel like a heavy weight of responsibility. And yet, we are now designing in a world that needs those qualities more than ever.
Advocacy 161
We believe that being bold in design means we challenge ourselves and other designers to inspire change using design as our vehicle. George Lois, Tim Degner, and Suzanne Lee join us in discussing how design that helps us think makes for a powerful tool as we design for a brighter and better tomorrow.
HAVE IDEAS ON SOLUTIONS? Share your ideas with us via the BOLD BY DESIGN app. Or, visit the What’s Next? page for more information.
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MOVE FORWARD BY LOOKING BACK You have to think in words, then add the visual.
American art director George Lois is known in design history because of his bold and confrontational career. His Esquire covers in particular displayed his ability to combine images and typography -- or implement them separately -- in a powerfully bold way. At times, his covers were unconventional, but more often than not, they caused the viewer to ask questions and think. His completely black Esquire cover, for example, punctuated only by bold white text that read, “Oh my God - we hit a little girl!” made history in design. Not only was it gripping to every reader who saw it, but it also caused many viewers who had connections to the war to humanize the effects the war had in South Vietnam. When thinking about his concepts, he always strove to capture the “zeitgeist” or mood of the age. With regard to his societal and historical platform, he spoke to the emotions of the day, those centered around the Korean war, the advent of MTV, ESPN, and USA Today.
1931 - Today
While George is one of the most successful creative advertisers of the 20th centuries, George Lois is quick to recognize his upbringing. Born to a hard working Greek family, Lois grew up in the Bronx where he started working in his fathers flower shop at the age of 5. His early career brought him in contact with the CBS Advertising department, Sudler & Hennessy and Herb Lubalin and he would probably be the first person to admit that he owes them a debt of gratitude saying “People who don’t think they owe something to somebody are crazy.” Wherever it is that he came from, he has left his mark on the advertising world through his successful work for Mtv, VH1,
Esquire, ESPN, Tommy Hilfiger and USA Today. In 1959 Lois began working at the advertising agency that would give birth to big idea thinking and the revolution of the advertising industry, Doyle Dane Bernbach (DDB). Not a huge fan of the current state of the advertising world, he has proclaimed that advertising is an art and not a science and that only mediocre ideas need testing. While his career has afforded him many successes it is undoubtedly his covers for Esquire that are most recognized. Throughout the 1960s and 70s Lois worked with editor Harold Hayes to create covers for the magazine that effectively represented some of the most notable ideas of their time.
George Lois and the Esquire Covers 166
GEORGE LOIS The legendary George Lois is one of the most creative, prolific advertising communicator of our time. Renowned for dozens of marketing miracles that triggered innovative and populist changes in American (and world) culture, he has pioneered the landmark of Creative Revolution in what is known as American Advertising.
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Words, Then the Visual
TIM DEGNER Tim has over 15 years of design experience focusing on information vconsumer analytics. He works at Nike and has a passion for research, innovation, and helping teams think disruptively. Whether it’s a simple infographic, or 80 page deck, he loves to help visualize a story.
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Story Telling & Strategy
SUZANNE LEE Suzanne Lee is the founder and CEO of Biofabricate, a platform nurturing collaboration for design and biology to grow the future of sustainable materials for consumer products. Biofabrication is a highly disruptive new technology that enables design to intersect with the building blocks of life.
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Pioneering in Design
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Instead of designing out life, we are designing with it and for it.
What’s Next? We draw this event guide to a close with hope that the ethical dilemmas discussed, conversations opened, and ideas generated will grow legs and take off as young designers across the globe realize the increasing responsitility and immense potential they possess to be the future ethical designers. As you go, bear in mind that you stand on the shoulders of problem-solvers who have designed solutions to questions in their day. And so too, your shoulders will bear up the innovators and creatives of the next chapter. Design for the moment and don’t stop until you arrive at an answer. Because who knows, maybe the solutions of today will be the stepping stones to a better tomorrow.
Have solutions for these dilemmas? Enter the Bold By Design competition below. The First place winner earns a Project Opportunity!
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B DB L O B D L
CREDITS
Alex Tackney Illustrations, Inclusivity Copy, Honesty Copy, Cover Design, Branding, Dilemma Title Pages, Speaker Works Spreads
Hannah Brown Plagiarism Copy, Advocacy Copy, What’s Next Page, App Details Page, Adaptability Copy, Mid-Century Artist Page Design, Dilemma Introduction Page
Kota Riemer Map, Preface Copy, Moving Forward By Looking Back Spread, Humane Sourcing Copy, Privacy Copy, Photo Editing, Front Cover Design
Alexis Bussey Event Schedule Spread, Sustainability Copy, Motivation Copy, Manipulation Copy, Credits & Sources Pages, Speaker Bio & Works Spreads
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SOURCES
Privacy - Murgia, Lanier, & Greenwald Copy Bass Photos- 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Manipulation - Haidt, Simon, & Harris Copy Beall Photos- 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Plagiarism - Bierut, Cass, & Ferguson Copy Brownjohn Photos- 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Sustainability - Oxman, Dougherty, & McDonough Copy Morris Photos- 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Motivation - Zuboff, Mycoskie, & Iwashita Copy Steinweiss Photos- 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Adaptability - Gram, Driessche, & Stevens Copy Lustig Photos- 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Humane Sourcing - Chen & McAllister Copy Rand Photos- 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 Honesty - Lintao, Ettinger, & Sinclair Copy Nitsche Photos- 1, 2, 3 Inclusivity - Holmes, Lu, & Alcantra Copy Thompson Photos- 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Advocacy - Lois, Degner, & Lee Copy Lois Photos- 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
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A magazine created in association with the South Carolina School of the Arts at Anderson University of South Carolina, by the designers Alex Tackney, Hannah Brown, Alexis Bussey, and Kota Riemer.
