A BOOK ABOUT BOOKS PARTS & CONSTRUCTION OF A BOOK
A BOOK ABOUT BOOKS
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A Book About Books
INTRODUCTION The book is a set of written or illustrated information that is bound. People use the book to read and to learn new things. The book has been and still is used in so many things in life. For example, teaching in school and colleges, religion, entertainment, artistic book and much more. Therefore, Working in a group of of four in our History of Graphic Design class, we all intent to expose the purpose and definitions of the parts of the book. This book will address the structure and parts of the book in particular. This reference book will be very helpful and useful for graphic designers. It will help them understand the making of the book and the book itself. As we know nowadays, the structure of a book has been following the same method for over 5 centuries approximately, which is quite remarkable. It is essential to synthesize the principles of the parts of a book and the structure of the book. In the first section, the parts of a book is explained. Each part is described and is shown with a photo next to it; to make the part clearer for the reader. In the second section of this book, the construction of the book is described. The main parts related to the structure of a book are listed and followed by the definitions and illustrations. The purpose of this research is to make a reference guide for graphic designers and book lovers. Because even with the rise of the digital era, with the e-books emerging, we still believe that the book will continue to be valuable.
A book is a version of the world. If you do not like it, ignore it or offer your own version in return. – Salman Rushdie
CONTENTS
PART I PARTS OF THE BOOK
9
Front Matter
24
Subheads
10
Half Title
25
Header / Footer
11
Frontispiece
26
Caption
12
Title Page
27
Page Number
13
Copyright Page
28
Back Matter
14
Dedication
29
Epilogue
15
Epigraph
30
Appendix or Addendum
16
Prologue
31
Chronology
17
Foreword
32
Afterword
18
Aknowledgements
33
Bibliography
19
Preface
34
Glossary
20
Table of Contents
35
Index
21
Introduction
36
Biography
22
Body Matter
37
List of Contributors
23
Chapter Heads
38
Colophon
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A Book About Books
PART II CONSTRUCTION OF THE BOOK
41
Cover - Front & Back
53
Binding
42
Book Jacket
54
Headband & Endbands
43
Belly Band
55
Spine
44
Slipcase
56
Headcap
45
Leaves
57
Fore-edge
46
Signatures
58
Tail & Tail Cap
47
Gutter
48
Flyleaves
59
Index
49
Recto & Verso
60
List of Contributors
50
End of paper
51
Paste down
52
Hinge & Joint
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A Book About Books
PART I PARTS OF THE BOOK
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FRONT MATTER Front matter, or preliminaries, is the first section of a book, and is generally the shortest section in terms of the number of pages. The pages are numbered in lowercase Roman numerals. It can be as simple as a single title page, or it can include multiple title pages, forwards, a preface, copyright page, etc. The
elements of
front matter may vary depending on what each particular book needs, the type of publication, and the authors preferences. Front matter generally only appears in the first volume in a multi-volume work, although some elements (such as a table of contents) may appear in each volume.
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A Book About Books
PARTS OF THE BOOK
HALF TITLE
Sometimes the half title can be confused with the bastard title. Therefore Low De Vinne distinguishes between half title and bastard title: “The half-title should not be confounded with the bastard title. The half-title follows the title and begins the first page of text; the bastard
A page containing just the book’s title. It
title, usually a single line in capital
typically appears on the first recto page,
letters, precedes the full title, and takes
the first page you see when opening the
a separate leaf with blank verso.” –The
cover. It is either the same font size or
Practice of Typography,
smaller than the book title as it appears on the full title page. The half title can have some ornamentation or it can be a plain text.
“Sometimes confused with the bastard title.
”
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FRONTISPIECE A frontispiece refers to a decorative or sometimes informative illustration. It is located on the verso side, facing the title page. In some cases the frontispiece could be a blank page. The word originates from the French word frontispice, which was originally an architectural term referring to the decorative facade of a building. In the 1600s, the French term came to refer to the title pages in books, which
were often decorated at the time with intricate engravings that borrowed stylistic elements from architecture, such as columns and pediments. Over the course of the 16th century, the title pages of books came to be accompanied by illustrations on the facing page and the term took on the meaning it retains today as early as 1682. By then, the English spelling had also morphed from frontispice to frontispiece
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A Book About Books
PARTS OF THE BOOK
TITLE PAGE “One of the most important parts of the front matter.
The title page is one of the most important parts of the front matter of a
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book. It contains the title of the book and also includes the name of the author or authors as he or she wishes it to appear and the publisher, the place and year of publication. This determines the way the book is cited in library catalogs and academic references. Also often included there are the ISBN and a printers key, also known as the number line, which indicates the printing status. The first printed books or incunabula did not have title pages. The text would begin on the first page, and the book would have to be identified by the initial words or incipit.
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COPYRIGHT PAGE
A Copyright page contains the declaration of copyright (usually owned by the authors), edition and publication information, printing history, cataloging data, legal notices, and the books identification number (ISBN). Other types of credits includes illustrators, editorial staff, indexer, and sometimes notes from the publishers.
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A Book About Books
PARTS OF THE BOOK
DEDICATION A dedication page is the place where
letter. Its function is mainly part of the
the author dedicates the book to the
self-portrayal of the author in front of his
person for whom he has written the
readers, it can be a very personal writing,
book. It can occupy one or multiple lines
and it might involve a great amount of
depending on its importance; it can also
sentimental value.
be ‘in a longer version as a dedication
“My first stepfather used to say that what I didn’t know would fill a book. Well, here it is.
”
–Tobias Wolff, ‘This Boy’s Life’
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EPIGRAPH The epigraph is a quotation, phrase, or poem. Used as a preface to invite comparison or to enlist a conventional context, indicating the leading idea or sentiment. Epigraphs can also be used at the heads of each chapter. They
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escort the reader across the boundary between the title page and the story. It slows the reader down, making him pause and notice the transition from the world to the work.
A Book About Books
PARTS OF THE BOOK
Lawyers, I suppose, were children once. — Charles Lamb
From To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee
”
PROLOGUE A prologue is an opening to a story that sets the scene and gives background details. It provides atmosphere and hooks the reader. It reveals significant facts that contribute to the understanding of the plot. it can also briefly outline the backstory, and it can be used to introduce a certain character’s viewpoint on one occasion only.
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“by a person other than the author.
”
FOREWORD
It is a short paragraph, placed at the beginning of a book or other piece of literature, typically written by someone other than the author. It often tells of some interaction between the writer of the foreword and the book’s primary author or the story the book tells. The Foreword is always signed with the author’s name, place and date.
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A Book About Books
PARTS OF THE BOOK
AKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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The author expresses their gratitude for the people who contributed time and resources towards the creation of the book. It include credit lines for texts that are being reproduced in the book from previously published sources.
“An author’s own statement.
”
PREFACE A preface is the author’s own preliminary or introductory statement that tells how the book came into being. It introduces the book in a more personal way than a formal introduction. Information essential to the main text is generally placed in a set of explanatory notes, or perhaps in an Introduction rather than in the preface.
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Preface comes from the Latin, meaning either “spoken before” (prae + fatia) or “made before” (prae +factum). With this meaning of stated intention, British publishing distinguished between preface and introduction up to at least the middle of the twentieth century.
A Book About Books
PARTS OF THE BOOK
TABLE OF CONTENTS
It lists all the major divisions of the book including parts, sections, and chapters organized in the order in which the parts appear. More detail could be provided to help the reader navigate the book. The depth of detail in tables of contents depends on the length of the work, usually, longer works having less.
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INTRODUCTION The introduction is similar to, or may replace the preface. It could be the first chapter of the book or it could be a separate section preceding the first chapter. It gives an overview of what is intended on covering in the rest of the book, and also outlines the contents and purpose of the book.
It presents concepts that will be elaborated on further in the book in a separate chapter of its own. It could also be the backstory, used to get the reader quickly up to speed to the setting and characters when the book starts at chapter one.
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A Book About Books
PARTS OF THE BOOK
BODY MATTER Chapters divide the book into smaller sections. Those sections are the main portion of the book where the story takes place.
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CHAPTER HEADS The chapter head may appear on the same page of text or on the page before the text. Its purpose is to identify each chapter, and differentiate from each other. Some authors name each of the chapters, but most authors just label the number of their chapter, whether in word or number way.
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A Book About Books
PARTS OF THE BOOK
SUBHEADS Subheads divide the chapter into smaller sections. They are brief, meaningful headings that indicates division within topics in the chapter. They serve to guide the reader through the text, and to help cast light on the
author’s way of thinking about her subject. The number of subheads in a chapter, or their existence in that matter, varies on the need of the specific chapter’s material.
“Subheads divide the chapter into smaller sections.
”
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HEADER / FOOTER
A header may be the title of the book or a specific chapter within the book. When it’s at the top it’s called header and when it’s at the bottom, it’s called footer. Also known as running heads.t
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A Book About Books
PARTS OF THE BOOK
CAPTION A caption may also be called cutline, it is a phrase that describes the contents of an illustration such as a photograph or chart. It usually draws attention to something in the image that is not obvious, such as its
relevance to the text. The caption is placed directly above, below, or to the side of the illustration described, and can consist of a few succinct and informative words of description, or several sentences.
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PAGE NUMBER
“usually placed at the bottom of the document. and other times is merely a process of arbitrary fragmentation. It first appeared in the thirteenth century and became widespread in the later Middle Ages. It was a manual process, and print output was its only purpose.
Pagination is the continuous numbering of the pages of a manuscript, usually placed at the bottom of the document to show the amount of pages in it. Numbers are assigned to both recto and verso sides of a folio. Pagination is sometimes a part of page layout,
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A Book About Books
PARTS OF THE BOOK
BACK MATTER Back matter is everything that follows the main body of a book, it is also called end matter. The sections in the back matter are often supplementary in nature, and inform the reader about some aspect of the book. It normally consists of epilogue, extro or outro, afterword, conclusion, postscript, appendix, glossary, bibliography, and index, but these elements of back matter can vary, and choices largely depend on what each particular book needs.
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EPILOGUE
An epilogue is the final chapter at the end of a story meant to bring closure of some kind to the work. It is the opposite of a prologue. It often serves to reveal the fates of the characters, and can be used to hint at a sequel or wrap up all the loose ends either in the voice of the author or as a continuation of the main narrative. It is sometimes also referred to as Extro or Outro.
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A Book About Books
PARTS OF THE BOOK
“support the qualifications of the author.
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APPENDIX OR ADDENDUM An appendix is a section at the end of a book that includes supplementary information that would not have been appropriate in the primary text, but is still important. It is commonly used to support the qualifications of the author and to increase the credibility of the publication.
It may correct errors, explain inconsistencies or otherwise detail or update the information found in the main work, and might include source documents cited in the text, material that arose too late to be included in the main body of the work, etc.
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particularly in a historical context.
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CHRONOLOGY A chronological list of events is sometimes helpful for the reader, particularly in histories. It can appear as an appendix, but can also appear in the frontmatter if the author considers it critical to the reader’s understanding of the work.
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A Book About Books
PARTS OF THE BOOK
AFTERWORD The afterword is often found at the end of a piece of literature, it generally covers the story of how the book came into being, or how the idea for the book was developed. It may be written by the author or, alternatively by someone else to provide enriching comment, such as discussing the work’s historical or cultural context and might seek to situate the work in some wider context.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Bibliography or sometimes called references page is a list of all the citations of other works that were consulted when writing the manuscript. Bibliographical works are almost always considered to be tertiary sources. They range from “works cited�
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lists at the end of books and articles to complete, independent publications. They provide the core elements of a text resource including and based on a unifying principle such as creator, subject, date, topic or other characteristic.
A Book About Books
PARTS OF THE BOOK
It’s often printed at the back of a book.
”
GLOSSARY A Glossary is a list of the terms that are unfamiliar to the reader and have an importance to the manuscript of the book with their definitions. It’s often printed in the back of the book. Normally they’re alphabetized.
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INDEX An index is created after the manuscript of the book has been typeset and when the final number are established. The index is in an alphabetical order and placed at the end of the book. It lists all the major topics, places, references, concepts and key people, with the corresponding page numbers next to them.
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A Book About Books
PARTS OF THE BOOK
BIOGRAPHY Author bio is a brief description of the author’s life. It’s written in a third person and placed on the book jackets.
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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Any work made by many different authros should have a list of contributors. It appears right before the index; however, it is sometimes moved to the front matter.
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Contributor’s names should be listed alphabetically by last name, but appear in the form “First Name Last Name.” Some information about each contributor may include brief biographical notes, academic affiliations, or previous work and publications.
A Book About Books
PARTS OF THE BOOK
“relevant to the editions of the book.
COLOPHON
The colophon describes the technical information such as production notes that are relevant to the edition of the book, copyrights, name and address of the printer and may also include a printer’s mark or logotype. It’s usually placed on the verso of the title page but in some books it’s place at the end.
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”
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A Book About Books
PART II CONSTRUCTION OF THE BOOK
40
COVER FRONT & BACK A book cover is any protective covering used to bind together the pages of a book. Beyond the familiar distinction between hardcovers and paperbacks, there are further alternatives and additions, such as dust jackets, ring-binding, and older forms such as the nineteenth-century “paper-boards” and the traditional types of hand-binding.
“any protective covering.
”
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A Book About Books
CONSTRUCTION OF THE BOOK
BOOK JACKET
Also known as dust jackets, its purpose is to separate paper covering from the book. The jacket that folds the book is divided into two parts called the ‘front flap’ and the ‘back flap’. Book jackets were first used during the 19th century for the purpose of protecting the book. Since the book was expensive and made of fine materials, such as silk and leather. Initially the dust jacket was only used as a paper wrapper and was thrown away after the book was purchased. For example, In the late 19th century the decorative dust jacket was created.
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BELLYBAND A belly band is a printed strip of paper wrapped around a book. It is printed with information about the book for promotional purposes or to prevent from opening the book before purchasing it. The bellyband could be used instead of a book jacket.
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A Book About Books
CONSTRUCTION OF THE BOOK
“used to protect the book.
”
SLIPCASE
A slipcase is a four or five-sided box open at one side or more leaving the spine visible. commonly made of highquality cardboard. It is used to protect the book or for special editions.
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LEAVES Sets of leaves are bounded together to create volumes. Leaves are sheets of paper bounded in a book where each side constitutes a page. Each leave is a paper that is folded in half which is a page. Meaning that 2 leaves have 4 pages.
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A Book About Books
CONSTRUCTION OF THE BOOK
SIGNATURES Usually groups of sixteen pages sewn together. The signatures has the purpose to help the bookbinder organize the pages in the correct order. Signatures of hardcover books are typically octavo (a single sheet folded three times), though they may also be folio, quarto, or 16mo.
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“The ammount of gutter needed varies depending on the binding method.
GUTTER A gutter is the blank space formed by the interconnection inside the margins of two facing pages. Gutter space is an extra space allowance used to accommodate the binding in books and magazines. The amount of gutter needed varies depending on the binding method.
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A Book About Books
CONSTRUCTION OF THE BOOK
FLYLEAVES
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Singular: flyleaf. These are the blank leaves before and after the text of the book and are placed at the beginning and at the end of a book.
“front and back sides of a page.
”
RECTO & VERSO The recto and verso are referred to the “front” and “back” sides of a page. The recto is usually the right page of an open book facing the reader, and the verso is the left page of an open book facing the reader. However, in manuscripts that are writing from right to left like Arabic and hebrew the recto and verso will be reversed but the reading will remain first recto then verso.
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A Book About Books
CONSTRUCTION OF THE BOOK
ENDPAPER The pages that consist of a double-size sheet folded, with one half pasted against the inside cover of the book, and the other serving as the first free endpaper. Thus, the front endpapers precede the title page and the text, whereas the back endpapers follow the text. Booksellers sometimes refer to the front end paper as FEP.
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PASTEDOWN The part of the endpaper that is glued to the internal boards of a book. Frequently used as rear past-down or front paste-down.
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A Book About Books
CONSTRUCTION OF THE BOOK
It is the material between the cover and the pastedown paper on the inside of a binded too. Usually made out of paper or leather. The Joint is a small groove along either spine edge where the book is attached. It bends when the book is opened.
HINGE & JOINT
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“tucked inside the spine.
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BINDING Bookbinding is the process of gathering together the sheets of paper of the book. Binding could be stapled, sewn or by gluing the papers to the internal cover.
Before the age of the computer, bookbinding could be divided in two divisions, one is stationary or vellum binding and the second one is letterpress binding. However, nowadays, modern bookbinding is divided between the craft of hadbinding by an individual versus mass production binding, done by specialized machines.
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A Book About Books
CONSTRUCTION OF THE BOOK
HEADBAND & ENDBANDS The headband is located at the top of the book spine. Endband are located at the end of the text block. It is used to strengthen the binding of a book and was also decorated.
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A Book About Books
SPINE Spine refers to the backbone of the book, that is the outside edge of the book; where the pages are bounded. The spine provides the articulation that allows the book’s cover and pages to open and close, and usually the title, name of the author, library call number, editor and publishing company are printed on the spine.t
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A Book About Books
CONSTRUCTION OF THE BOOK
HEADCAP The headcap is the part at the head of the spine that folds over the spine and is tucked inside the spine then shaped to create the headcap. It is the upper part of the spine.
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FOREEDGE
The part of a book that is unbound and faces the leaves and is the opposite of the spine. Some time these books edges appear as gilt edges and painted edges.
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CONSTRUCTION OF THE BOOK
TAIL & TAIL CAP
“Also known as foot.
”
Tail is the bottom edge of the text block, spine and cover, grounding the book when it is upright on a shelf. Also known as foot; is the bottom edge of cover spine. The tail-cap is the part at the bottom of the spine that folds over the spine and is tucked inside the spine then shaped to create the tail-cap. It is the lower part of the spine.
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A Book About Books
INDEX A
E
L
Acknowledgments, 18
End of Paper, 50
Leaves, 45
Afterword, 32
Endband, 54
List of Contributors, 37
Addendum, 30
Epigraph, 15
Appendix, 30
Epilogue, 29
B
F
Back Matter, 28
Flyleaves, 48
Preface, 19
Back Cover, 41
Fore-edge, 57
Prologue, 16
Belly Band, 43
Foreword, 17
Bibliography, 33
Frontispiece, 11
R
Binding, 53
Front & Back Cover, 41
Recto & Verso, 49
Binding edge, 53
Front Matter, 9
Biography, 36 Book Jacket, 42
C Caption, 26
G
P Page Number, 27 Paste Down, 51
S Signatures, 46
Glossary, 34
Slipcase, 44
Gutter, 47
Spine, 55 Subheads, 24
Chapter Heads, 23
H
Chronology, 31
Half Title, 10
T
Colophon, 38
Headcap, 56
Table of Contents, 5, 20
Contributors, 37, 60
Headband & Endband, 54
Tail, 58
Copyright Page, 13
Header / Footer, 25
Tailcap, 58
Cover, 41
Hinge & Joint, 52
Title page, 12
D
I
V
Dedication, 14
Index, 35, 59
Verso, Recto, 49
Dust Jacket, 42
Introduction, 2, 21
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A Book About Books
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS ALEXANDRA CAMACHO Layout Design & Photography KENYA BARBA Research & Editorial OMNIA ALGABSANI Research & Editorial MARIANA PIMENTA Research & Editorial LUBREN CORDERO Illustrations
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