Leveraging Digital ID and e-KYC for the Financial Inclusion of Forcibly Displaced Persons (FDPs)

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LEVERAGING DIGITAL ID AND E-KYC FOR THE FINANCIAL INCLUSION OF FORCIBLY DISPLACED PERSONS (FDPs): RISKS AND OPPORTUNITIES

WORKS CITED AND REFERENCES Acacia Economics. 2020. Eswatini Financial Inclusion Refresh. Unlocking Public and Private Finance for the Poor. New York: (UNCDF).

Financial Action Task Force. 2020. Guidance on Digital Identity. Paris: FATF. Global Partnership for Financial Inclusion. 2017. GPFI Policy Paper: Financial Inclusion for Forcibly Displaced Persons – Priorities for G20 Action. Bonn: Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ).

Access to Finance Rwanda. 2020. FinScope 2020 Report. Kigali City: AFR.

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African Union. 2014. African Union Convention on Cyber Security and Personal Data Protection. (27 June 2014). Addis Ababa: African Union.

Government of Eswatini. 2017. Eswatini: The Refugees Act of 2017. Eswatini.

Alliance for Financial Inclusion (AFI). 2017. Financial Inclusion of Forcibly Displaced Persons: Perspectives of Financial regulators. Kuala Lumpur. Alliance for Financial Inclusion. Alliance for Financial Inclusion (AFI). 2020. Integrating Forcibly Displaced Persons Into a National Financial Inclusion Strategy. Guidance Note 41. Kuala Lumpur. Alliance for Financial Inclusion. Alliance for Financial Inclusion (AFI). Financial Inclusion of Forcibly Displaced Persons (FDPs). Thematic Areas. Accessed on 19 February 2022. Kuala Lumpur. Alliance for Financial Inclusion. Atick, Joseph J. 2016. The Identity Ecosystem of Rwanda: A Case Study of a Performant ID System in an African Development Context. Kigali: ID4Africa. BFA Global. 2018. Refugees and Their Money: The Business Case for Providing Financial Services to Refugees. FSD Africa. Biztech Africa. 2021. Digital bank launched in Mauritania. Blei, Daniela. How Work Helps Refugees Thrive. Stanford Social Innovation Review 19, no. 3 (2021): 66. Stanford: Stanford Center on Philanthropy and Civil Society.

GSMA. 2019. The digital lives of refugees: How displaced populations use mobile phones and what gets in the way. London: GSMA. GSMA. 2020. Mobile Money Regulatory Index 2019. London: GSMA. Harbitz, Mia. Hubbard, Dianne. 2021. Synthesis Brief: Constructing the Foundations for Legal Identity in PostConflict Settings. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre. IMF. 2014. Mutual Evaluation Report: Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism – Republic of Rwanda. Eastern and Southern Africa AntiMoney Laundering Group (ESAAMLG). Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC). Country Profile: Mauritania. Geneva: IDMC. Leaf Global Fintech. Macdonald, Ayang. 2021. Rwanda’s new digital ID birth registration system brings services closer to citizens. MicroSave Consulting. 2020. Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY): Ideas and lessons from India. Uttar Pradesh: MicroSave Consulting.

Comviva. 2020. Bankily brings digital banking revolution in Mauritania PR Newswire.

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Mobile Telecommunications Network (MTN). Mobile Money Service: Terms and Conditions.

Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli. Klapper, Leora. Singer, Dorothe. Ansar, Saniya. Hess, Jake. 2018. The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution. Washington, DC. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank.

Mukesha, Josephine. 2019. Reforming Identity Management Practices in Rwanda. Report presented at 5th Annual Meeting of the ID4Africa Movement. NIDA. 18 June 2019.


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