S TAT IS T IC AL RE P ORT
2015 Ave. Winston Churchill No. 1099, Ensanche Piantini Torre Citi Group en Acrรณpolis, Piso 23 CP 10148 Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic Telephone: 809-955-2223 Fax: 809-955-8413 www.aesdominicana.com.do
STATISTIC AL R E P O RT
2015 Design and Layout: Luis Isidor / Q Estudio Creativo qestudiocreativo.com Digital Implementation: José García / Equipo 3
The AES Corporation is a global energy company that owns and operates a diverse and growing portfolio of electricity generation and distribution companies, which provide reliable and affordable energy to customers in 17 countries. Our power plants around the world cover a wide range of technologies and fuel types such as coal, fuel oil, natural gas, biomass, combined cycle, Storage, solar panels and wind power.
Combining deep local knowledge with a global presence and over 30 years of experience, AES has a proven commitment to ensure operational excellence in the supply of electricity to its customers.
CONTENTS
10
AES DOMINICANA 2015
12 14 16 17 18 28 30 32 34 35
Letter from the President People of AES AES Dominicana Background Group Profile Power Generation Units Fuel Reception Facilities Natural Gas Sales Energy Balance Operational KPI's Operational Relevant Events
36
WHOLESALE ELECTRICITY MARKET
38 Brief History of Dominican Republic's Electric Sector 40 Generation 46 Transmission 46 Distribution 47 Energy Balance 48 Capacity 49 System Maximum Demand 50 Energy Supply by Fuel Type 50 International Fuel Prices 52 Energy Spot Price 53 Capacity Spot Price and Connection Right 54 Frequency Regulation Service 56 Non-Regulated Users Market 58 Contract Market
60
ATTACHMENTS
62 Glossary 65 Tables and Measures
AES DOMINICANA 2015
AES Andres 2,065.6 GWh ITABO 1,776 GWh DPP 1,469.3 GWh
LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT It is a great pleasure to present the 2015 edition of the statistical report of AES Dominicana, highlighting our main assets, operational performance, as well as information on other lines of business and data of the electricity market as a whole. This year our units reached extraordinary availability indices and contributed to the National Interconnected Electric System (SENI) with large volumes of energy, especially the production of our units in relation to the rest of the market: AES Andres production reached 2,065.6 GWh, on the other hand ITABO SA and DPP achieved high levels of production of 1,776 and 1,469.3 GWh respectively. We are proud to contribute with 37.5% of all the energy demanded by the SENI using the most competitive generation fuels, natural gas and coal. In the corporate and human resources management field, the American Chamber of Commerce (AMCHAM) recognized AES Dominicana for its corporate social responsibility, by awarding it the first place in the category "Quality of Life in the Company", to promote a healthy and safe work environment, including both personal and professional development of its employees.
12 / STATISTICAL REPORT 2015
37.5% of the energy demanded by SENI
Another indicator in which AES Dominicana has remained steady for 8 consecutive years is being recognized as the most admired company in the national electricity industry, in the range of power generation companies, according to the ranking "2015 Most Admired" by the magazine “Market�. On the Best Places to Work ranking, published by the GPTW Institute, we have positioned ourselves in the 8th position within DR and in the 9th in the CA and Caribbean region. These 8 years of recognition highlight the value that adds the AES group to the economic development and the daily compromise of a group of professionals committed to operational excellence. AES Dominicana also demonstrates its commitment to the country to strengthen its position on environmental management. In 2015 it received several awards in the 3rd edition of the National Award for Cleaner Production, contest organized by the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, which rewards the work of companies that demonstrate the implementation of the strategy for a cleaner production (efficiency energy, sustainable use of natural resources, reduction / prevention of pollution, among others). AES Dominicana continues to focus its strategy on the competitiveness of the Dominican Republic, maintaining a constant strategy of innovation and competitive transformation; all resulting in significant savings for the national economy. We have become the bastion of stability of the electrical system by consistently developing our people, giving the possibility of providing a helping hand to the communities around us and offering our shareholders areliable and sustained return for their investment.
Edwin De los Santos President
AES DOMINICANA 2015 / 13
PEOPLE OF AES...
SAFETY FIRST We will always put safety first for our people, contractors and communities. ACT WITH INTEGRITY We are honest, trustworthy and dependable. Integrity is the core of all we do, how we conduct ourselves and how we interact with one another and all of our stakeholders. HONOR THEIR COMMITMENTS We honor our commitments to our communities, customers, teammates, owners, suppliers and partners; and we want that our businesses, as a whole, make a positive contribution to society. STRIVE FOR EXCELLENCE We strive to be the best in all that we do and to perform at worldclass levels. ENJOY OUR WORK We work because work can be fun, fulfilling and exciting. We enjoy our work and appreciate the fun of being part of a team that is making a difference.
14 / STATISTICAL REPORT 2015
AES DOMINICANA 2015 / 15
BACKGROUND The first investment of AES in the Dominican Republic was the purchase of DPP in 1997 from NGC, an asset that was in their power as a result of their merger with Destec companies. DPP is the owner of Los Mina V and Los Mina VI, two 118 MW open cycle gas turbines. From May of 1996 until August of 2001, DPP operated under the Independent Private Producer (IPP) scheme, selling all of its production to La Corporación Dominicana de Electricidad (CDE). Then, after an agreement between DPP and CDE, the contract between both parties was modified and a new electricity sale arrangement was established between DPP and EDEESTE, which included a backup contract with the CDE. In 2000, AES confirms its commitment to the longterm evolution of the Dominican Republic by building AES ANDRES generation facility. The project included a combined cycle generation system of 319 MW, a Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) station and a gas pipeline linking up the DPP power station to AES Andres.
16 / STATISTICAL REPORT 2015
In December of 2000, AES took another important step when it took over the assets of GENER, acquiring a of 25% in the ITABO S.A. power generation facility’s. Since May 1st, 2003, Dominican Power Partners operates to supply its electricity sales contract with EDEESTE, selling its excess generation and buying what it needs in the spot market. Also in 2003, AES ANDRES began its operations and became the most efficient power station of Latin America, representing a jump towards sustainable development for the country using clean energy. This new investment improved the strategic position of the country that formerly depended 90% on petroleum derivatives to supply its electricity needs. In 2006, AES Dominicana acquired another 25% of the ITABO S.A. equity, formerly owned by El Paso. AES, now with 50% of ITABO’s equity, took control of the operative and administrative areas.
GROUP PROFILE AES began operations in the Dominican Republic with the intent to add value to the national energy market and contribute to the development of the communities where it serves.
Today, AES Dominicana is positioned as the principal investment group in the Dominican Electric Sector, with modern facilities for energy production and the most competitive fuels for power generation in the national electric system.
As a business group, AES Dominicana combines a global perspective with deep local knowledge and a relentless commitment to operational excellence. There has been a consistent pattern of improvement, year after year in energy generation and efficiency. AES serves as role model to the rest of the players in the electric sector by displaying the best practices of corporate governance within the industry in the Dominican Republic. AES Dominicana supports the growth of its business by standing upon a strong foundation: consisting of its code of conduct, corporate social responsibility, environmental care and its people, which are its most valuable resource.
AES Dominicana has two deep-sea port infrastructures: ITABO’s and Andres’s International Piers, destined to the unloading process of coal and LNG as fuel input for electricity production process. Also, at AES Andres’ facilities, has the first LNG terminal intended for the distribution of liquefied natural gas in specialized trucks.
AES DOMINICANA 2015 / 17
POWER GENERATION UNITS
Installed Capacity:
319 MW
AES ANDRES Commercial Operation Date: December 2nd, 2003 Gas Turbine Manufacturer: Mitsubishi
Technology:
Gas Turbine Capacity: 198 MW
COMBINED CYCLE
Gas Turbine Speed: 3,600 rpm Inlet Heat Recovery Steam Generator Temperature: 610 ºC Gas Turbine Generator Manufacturer: Mitsubishi Gas Turbine Generator Nameplate Capacity: 218.5 MVA Gas Turbine Generator Nominal Voltage: 18 kV Gas Turbine Generator Cooling System: Air Steam Turbine Manufacturer: Hitachi Steam Turbine NameplateCapacity: 121 MW Steam Turbine Speed: 3,600 rpm Steam Pressure: 124 kg/cm² Steam Temperature: 568 ºC Steam Turbine Generator Manufacturer: Siemens Steam Turbine Generator Nominal Capacity: 134 MVA
Primary Fuel:
NATURAL GAS
Steam Turbine Generator Nominal Voltage: 13.8 kV Steam Turbine Generator Cooling System: Air Advantages: Low Environmental Impact and More Energetic Efficiency Ventajas de esta Tecnología: Bajo Impacto Ambiental y Mayor Eficiencia Energética
18 / STATISTICAL REPORT 2015
AES DOMINICANA 2015 / 19
POWER GENERATION UNITS
Installed Capacity:
2x118 MW
Technology:
GAS TURBINE
DPP Commercial Operation Date: May 19th 1996 Manufacturer: Westinghouse Turbine Speed: 3,600 rpm Turbine Stages: Four (4) Compressor Stages: Nineteen (19) Outlet Gas Temperature: 630 ยบC Generator Nameplate Capacity: 2 x 142 MVA Generator Nominal Voltage: 13.8 kV Generator Speed: 3,600 rpm Generator Cooling System: Air Advantages: Fast Manufacture and Installation; Low Environmental Impact
Primary Fuel:
NATURAL GAS
20 / STATISTICAL REPORT 2015
AES DOMINICANA 2015 / 21
POWER GENERATION UNITS Installed Capacity:
128 MW Technology:
STEAM TURBINE
ITABO 1 Commercial Operation Date: July 17th, 1984
Primary Fuel:
Turbine Manufacturer: Brown Bovery Company
MINERAL COAL
Turbine Speed: 3,600 rpm Steam Pressure: 141 kg/cm² Steam Temperature: 535 ºC Generator Manufacturer: Foster Wheeler Generator Nameplate Capacity: 150.6 MVA Generator Nominal Voltage: 13.8 kV Generator Cooling System: Hydrogen Advantages: Provides Economic Base Electricity Generation
Secondary Fuel:
FUEL OIL 6
22 / STATISTICAL REPORT 2015
Tertiary Fuel:
FUEL OIL 2
AES DOMINICANA 2015 / 23
POWER GENERATION UNITS
Technology:
STEAM TURBINE Installed Capacity:
132 MW
ITABO 2 Commercial Operation Date: May 10th, 1988 Turbine Manufacturer: General Electric Turbine Speed: 3,600 rpm Steam Pressure: 146 kg/cm² Steam Temperature: 540 ºC Generator Manufacturer: General Electric Generator Nameplate Capacity: 155.3 MVA Generator Nominal Voltage: 13.8 kV Generator Cooling System: Hydrogen
Primary Fuel:
Tertiary Fuel:
MINERAL COAL
Advantages: Provides Economic Base Electricity Generation
FUEL OIL 2
Secondary Fuel:
FUEL OIL 6
24 / STATISTICAL REPORT 2015
AES DOMINICANA 2015 / 25
POWER GENERATION UNITS
Technology:
GAS TURBINE
Installed Capacity:
34.5 MW
SAN LORENZO Commercial Operation Date: August 25th 2014 Manufacturer: General Electric Turbine Speed: 5,133 rpm Turbine Stages: Three (3)
Primary Fuel:
FUEL OIL 2
Compressor Stages: Seventeen (17) Outlet Gas Temperature: 550 ยบC Generator Nameplate Capacity: 53.412 MVA Generator Nominal Voltage: 13.8 kV Generator Speed: 3,600 rpm Generator Cooling System: Air Advantages: Operational flexibility with fast step-up to meet increased demand during peak hours.
Secondary Fuel:
NATURAL GAS
26 / STATISTICAL REPORT 2015
AES DOMINICANA 2015 / 27
FUEL RECEPTION FACILITIES
AES Andres’s International Pier
Cryogenic Distribution Terminal
AES Andres Power Station is located at Boca Chica, just fifteen (15) minutes from Santo Domingo. The power station has a pier and a LNG terminal that also has the capacity to tranfer Fuel Oil #2.
In 2009, AES Dominicana decided to invest in the first LNG truck loading terminal in Latin America, for the distribution of liquefied natural gas directly to other customers besides AES. The advantage of using liquefied natural gas is the ability to transport higher energy content to distant locations without incurring losses during the transportation process. The LNG truck loading terminal has two loading bays (with the possibility to duplicate the capacity) and a truck loading rate of 35 m3/h each bay, which means that the average customer service time (from admission to the complex to the departure) is approximately one hour.
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Terminal Inside the LNG facility, the unloading system consists of three (3) unloading arms designed to handle a transfer rate of 10,000 m3 per hour of LNG. It also has a double wall cryogenic tank with a capacity to store 160,000 m3 of LNG. In addition, the terminal has a re-gasification system with the capacity to convert 370 million cubic feet from liquid to gas daily. Finally, it has a boil-off security system to handle the boil of gas generated as a consequence of the storage and conversion process that takes place in the system, in order to keep the inner pressure of the tank at an atmospheric pressure.
AES Andres – DPP Natural Gas Pipeline In addition to the LNG Terminal, a natural gas pipeline was built in order to supply natural gas to the DPP power units, improving its efficiency and competitiveness. Technical Details of Gas Pipeline
Length: 34 km / Pipe Diameter: 12 inches / Max Pressure: 100 bar / Average Pressure: 50 bar / Control Valve Station: Five (5) In 2011, Estrella del Mar II, a Bi-Fuel power plant that runs with natural gas and Fuel Oil #6 that belongs to the Transcontinental Capital Corporation group, began its operations. This generation plant fuel is supplied through a pipeline connected to DPP # 4 gas station, located at Los Mina’s facility.
28 / STATISTICAL REPORT 2015
ITABO S.A. International Pier The International Pier of ITABO is located in the coastal area of the ITABO power plant in the municipality of Bajos de Haina in the province of San Cristobal. The pier is located next to the western port of Haina, approximately 8 kilometers southwest of Santo Domingo’s western quadrant. Since 2006, ITABO International Pier has been operating as a reception point for mineral coal, which is the main fuel of the this steam process that power the units, adding a greater degree of autonomy to the process and reducing the overall cost of coal. The pier extends 535 meters into the sea. It has a system to transport solids with the capacity to load and unload bulk products. In addition, it has a mooring system with six (6) dolphins, four berthing dolphin providing a point to moor and two mooring dolphin for the ship’s engagement to the pier. It also has a signaling system guiding the approaching vessels, located in two towers with adjacent lamps, as well as water lighting tracks and a lighting system in one of the tugboats. Main Characteristics:
- Fourteen (14) meters deep: Enables the docking of vessels like Handymax (45,000 mt) and Panamax (65,000 mt). Auto-discharging vessels required. - Discharge Capacity of 1,200 metric tons per hour.
AES DOMINICANA 2015 / 29
NATURAL GAS SALES Since 2007, two years after AES Andres signed its first natural gas supply agreement with a local distribution company; AES Dominicana has been at the forefront of the business in selling natural gas, opening the door to nationwide distribution into new markets that previously could not enjoy the advantages of this fuel. Today, AES Andres is the only distribution terminal of liquefied natural gas in the Dominican Republic, as well as the first to be installed in Latin America. This adds value by contributing to the evolution and diversification of the national energy matrix of the region. The following chart shows the percentage of natural gas that AES Andres sold in the Dominican market in 2015 separated into three economic sectors: Industrial, Electricity Generation and Transportation (Natural Gas Vehicles).
Natural Gas Sales Regarding to Energy Consumption
The natural gas that AES Andres sold in the Dominican market in 2015 separated into three economic sectors: Industrial, Electricity Generation and Transportation.
[10,509,425 MMBtu]
AES Dominicana continues its commercial relationships with different local distributors, which are responsible for the physical distribution of LNG throughout the country. These are: LINEA CLAVE, SOLUCIONES DE GAS NATURAL, PLATERGAS, PROPAGAS and TROPIGAS.
NGV INDUSTRIAL
[10,509,425 MMBtu]
39%
The following graph shows the monthly natural gas sales by economic sector during 2015.
51%
Market Evolution of Third-Party Natural Gas Sales
1,400,000
[10.51 TBtu]
1,200.000 1,00,000
In the chart we can appreciate the natural gas sales per years to companies outside the group AES Dominicana.
800,000 MMBtu
ELECTRICITY GENERATION
10%
Natural Gas Sales Sectioned by Industries
600,000 14.00
400,000
12.00
200,000
10.00 JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
TBtu
-
8.00 6.00
NGV
4.00
INDUSTRIAL
2.00
ELECTRICITY GENERATION
2012
30 / STATISTICAL REPORT 2015
2013
2014
2015
AES DOMINICANA 2015 / 31
ENERGY BALANCE
Energy Sales
[5,414.19 GWh]
The table below details AES Dominicana’s 2015 monthly energy production balances, the relation between energy purchases and sales through contracts and spot market transactions.
AES Dominicana Energy Balance [GWh] 10% AES ANDRES
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
2015
79.4
71.1
80.4
80.8
85.4
86.6
92.1
90.7
88.4
91.4
81.0
85.6
1,012.9
CONTRACT SALES
CONTRACT SALES EDEESTE DPP
16.0
0.1
0.7
1.7
9.3
10.4
11.6
6.7
8.7
23.2
4.0
6.9
99.3
UNR
45.9
46.3
53.0
50.5
53.1
52.0
55.5
52.8
52.3
54.0
50.4
46.7
612.4
SPOT SALES (SPOT PURCHASES)
(36.08)
(118.69)
33.12
41.67
24.03
23.41
16.45
25.79
22.36
11.79
36.23
59.85
139.9
PRODUCTION
105.78
0.79
188.54
196.22
191.63
191.49
193.68
196.29
190.95
197.54
192.28
220.43
2,065.6
61.7
57.1
64.8
64.0
67.7
69.6
73.0
72.8
71.4
74.2
65.3
67.1
808.9
SPOT
90%
Contract Sales [4,776.64 GWh]
ITABO S.A. CONTRACT SALES EDESUR EDENORTE
45.0
40.7
46.2
48.3
50.5
49.8
52.9
53.3
51.5
52.8
47.5
48.3
586.8
EDEESTE
26.5
23.7
26.8
26.9
28.5
28.9
30.7
30.2
29.5
30.5
27.0
28.5
337.6
SPOT SALES (SPOT PURCHASES) PRODUCTION
34.8
14.2
(14.5)
(21.5)
(9.7)
(8.1)
4.9
1.1
9.9
3.9
7.1
20.2
42.2
168.0
135.7
123.5
117.8
137.1
140.2
161.5
157.5
162.2
161.3
147.0
164.1
1,776.0
111.2
99.5
112.6
113.1
119.6
121.2
128.9
127.0
123.8
128.0
113.4
119.8
1,418.0
DPP
13%
CONTRACT SALES EDEESTE CONTRACT PURCHASES ANDRES
16.0
0.1
0.7
1.7
9.3
10.4
11.6
6.7
8.7
23.2
4.0
6.9
99.3
SPOT SALES (SPOT PURCHASES)
14.0
23.9
25.2
14.1
8.7
4.8
3.3
6.3
7.2
8.1
18.2
13.7
147.5
109.4
123.5
137.4
125.8
119.3
115.9
120.9
126.8
122.6
113.1
127.8
126.9
1,469.3
PRODUCTION
87%
NON-REGULATED USER DISTRIBUTION COMPANY
ITABO, S.A. Through hole 2015, the energy contract between ITABO S.A and EDEESTE, EDESUR and EDENORTE.
DPP Through hole 2015, the energy contract between DPP and EDEESTE continued. As the energy back-up contract between Andres and DPP.
32 / STATISTICAL REPORT 2015
AES DOMINICANA 2015 / 33
OPERATIONAL KPI’S
AES Dominicana EFOF The following table shows the most common indicators and operational rates applied to the power generation units of AES Dominicana. As we can evaluate from the following chart the 2015 Equivalent Availability Factor (EAF) was a very particular indicator for each one of AES Dominicana generation units. 2015 was a year for AES ANDRES and DPP considering that the EAF levels go through 87.96% for AES ANDRES to a great 97.4% for DPP. This represents the result of all the effort and investment dedicated to the Operational Excellence.
It was a good year for AES ANDRES and DPP considering that the EAF levels go through 87.96% for AES ANDRES to a great 97.4% for DPP.
Other important fact is that through all 2015 the EAF percentage for ITABO’s generation Units (ITABO 1 and ITABO 2) keeping levels between 89.47% to 81.88%. Also AES Dominicana counted with the support of the Fondo Patrimonial de las Empresas Reformadas (FOMPER), on the hard work to position ITABO, S. A. at the vanguard of operational excellence and administrative gestion of the AES Group.
2.50 2.00
%
1.50 1.00 0.50 AES ANDRES
ITABO 1
ITABO 2
LOS MINA 5
LOS MINA 6
OPERATIONAL RELEVANT EVENTS
AES Dominicana Heat Rate
The most relevant operative event on 2015 for AES Dominicana generation units can be resumed to mayor maintenance outages periods. This and other relevant events are presented on the following table:
14,000 12,000
Operational Relevant Events
BTU / KWh
10,000 8,000 6,000
Unit
Description
4,000
LOS MINA 6
Major maintenance
2,000
AES ANDRES
Major maintenance
AES ANDRES
ITABO 1
ITABO 2
LOS MINA 5
LOS MINA 6
AES Dominicana EAF
From
To
Hours
5-Jan-2015
13-Jan-2015
192
18-Jan-2015
27-Feb-2015
960
ITABO 1
Major maintenance
26-Feb-2015
7-Mar-2015
216
ITABO 2
Major maintenance
15-Apr-2015
7-May-2015
528
LOS MINA 5
Major maintenance
29-May-2015
2-Jun-2015
96
DPP
Maximum annual energy generation in DPP [1,469.29 GWh]
2015
100.0 90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 %
50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 AES ANDRES
34 / STATISTICAL REPORT 2015
ITABO 1
ITABO 2
LOS MINA 5
LOS MINA 6
AES DOMINICANA 2015 / 35
WHOLESALE ELECTRICITY MARKET
BRIEF HISTORY OF THE DOMINICAN ELECTRICITY SECTOR
In 1997 the capitalization process began. It was instituted due to serious problems in the electricity market caused by a deficit in energy generation, poor quality service and a lack of capital investment for the development of the electricity sector.
The capitalization process was formalized in June 24, 1997, with the publication of the State Companies Reform Law. Before this process, generation, transmission and distribution assets in the Dominican Republic were owned by CDE, who by law, was the only entity authorized to operate in the electricity sector. In the mid-90s, CDE signed several power purchase agreements contracts with independent power producers (IPP); increasing the system installed capacity with private capital investment. During this period, the sector was regulated by a series of administrative resolutions, issued by the Industry and Commerce Ministry.
In July 2001, the Electricity General Law was issued, establishing the institutions of the sector and the rules under which it will operate. In July 2002, the Electricity General Law Rulebook was issued, completing the electrical sector’s new legislation. In 2007, law number 186-07 modified the Electricity General Law and its Rulebook. The new law’s goal was to penalize electrical fraud and establish other measures to obtain the electrical sector’s financial viability.
Through the different stages of the capitalization process, the assets held by CDE were divided into eight state-owned companies: CDEEE, a parent holding company; three distribution companies: EDENORTE, EDESUR and EDEESTE; three generation companies: HAINA, ITABO, HIDRO; and the power transmission company ETED. In 1999, the three distribution companies and the two thermal generation companies were capitalized through the sale of 50% of the stocks to private investors. The Dominican Government remained with 49% of the stocks and the last 1% was sold to the employees of these companies.
38 / STATISTICAL REPORT 2015
WHOLESALE ELECTRICITY MARKET / 39
GENERATION The electricity generation park of the Dominican Republic is mainly composed of 81.42% of thermoelectric units, 16.46% hydroelectric units while the other 2.12% is composed of wind generation. The following graph allows us to view the installed capacity of the system by technology.
AES Dominicana, with its AES Andres, ITABO S.A. and DPP power plants encompassed 22.7% of the installed capacity of the generation park.
Installed Capacity by Company and Technology [At December 2015]
It is important to note that, AES Dominicana, with its AES Andres, ITABO S.A. and DPP power plants encompassed 22.7% of the installed capacity of the generation park, and had the most competitive fuel mix in the market (coal and natural gas).
Installed Capacity by Technology
The tables below show the power plants that had been installed as of December 2015, specifying the fuel, technology and installed capacity.
[3,741.08 MW at December 2015]
16.5% STEAM TURBINE
16.2%
GAS TURBINE
9.9%
WIND TURBINE
2.1%
DIESEL ENGINE
17.9%
COMBINED CYCLE
35.9%
NATURAL GAS ENGINE
1.6%
HYDRO TURBINE
16.5%
16.2%
GENERATION COMPANY
STEAM TURBINE
GAS TURBINE
AES ANDRES ITABO S.A.
17.9%
NATURAL GAS ENGINE
WIND TURBINE
236.0
AES DOMINICANA
260.0
270.5
319.0
EGE HAINA
346.1
100.0
215.0
102.0
79.5
EGEHID
615.7
METALDOM
42.0
SEABOARD GPLV
TOTAL [MW]
[%]
319.0
8.5%
294.5
7.9%
236.0
6.3%
849.5
22.7%
842.6
22.5%
615.7
16.5%
42.0
1.1%
108.0
2.9%
194.5
194.5
5.2%
39.8
39.8
1.1%
108.0
CEPP
76.8
76.8
2.1%
LAESA
111.0
111.0
3.0%
59.2
1.6%
315.1
8.4%
185.0
4.9%
300.0
8.0%
1.9
0.1%
3,741.08
100.0%
LOS ORIGENES
[3,741.08 MW at December 2015]
HYDRO
34.5
MONTE RIO
Installed Capacity by Fuel Type
DIESEL ENGINE
319.0 260.0
DPP
35.9%
COMBINED CYCLE
59.2
PUEBLO VIEJO
215.0
SAN FELIPE
185.0
100.1
INDEPENDENT PRIVATE PRODUCERS [IPP'S] CESPM FUEL OIL 6
42.1%
FUEL OIL 2
10.7%
FUEL OIL 6 / NATURAL GAS
4.5%
FUEL OIL 2 / NATURAL GAS
0.9%
COAL
8.4%
16.5%
300.0
RIO SAN JUAN TOTAL [MW]
1.9 606.1
370.5
1,342.0
668.1
59.2
615.7
79.5
14.8% 42.1%
WIND 2.1% NATURAL GAS
14.8%
10.7%
WATER 16.5%
40 / STATISTICAL REPORT 2015
WHOLESALE ELECTRICITY MARKET / 41
THERMOELECTRIC UNITS (CONT.)
Installed Capacity by Generation Company
COMPANIES
[At December 2015]
FUEL
TECHNOLOGY
CAPACITY [MW]
CAPACITY [MW]
CESPM I
FUEL OIL 2
COMBINED CYCLE
100.00
CESPM II
FUEL OIL 2
COMBINED CYCLE
100.00
CESPM III
FUEL OIL 2
COMBINED CYCLE
100.00
RIO SAN JUAN
FUEL OIL 2
DIESEL ENGINE
SubTotal
AES DOMINICANA AES ANDRES
TECHNOLOGY
CDEEE
THERMOELECTRIC UNITS COMPANIES
FUEL
1.90 301.90
NATURAL GAS
COMBINED CYCLE
319.00
ITABO I
COAL
STEAM TURBINE
128.00
SEABOARD
ITABO II
COAL
STEAM TURBINE
132.00
ESTRELLA DEL MAR 2
FUEL OIL 2 / NATURAL GAS
GAS TURBINE
34.50
SubTotal
LOS MINA V
NATURAL GAS
GAS TURBINE
118.00
LOS MINA VI
NATURAL GAS
GAS TURBINE
118.00
CEPP
849.50
CEPP I
FUEL OIL 6
DIESEL ENGINE
18.70
CEPP II
FUEL OIL 6
DIESEL ENGINE
58.10
SAN LORENZO I
SubTotal
FUEL OIL. 6 / NATURAL GAS
COMBINED CYCLE
108.00
SubTotal
EGE HAINA
108.00
76.80
HAINA I
FUEL OIL 6
STEAM TURBINE
54.00
HAINA II
FUEL OIL 6
STEAM TURBINE
54.00
PVDC
HAINA IV
FUEL OIL 6
STEAM TURBINE
84.90
MONTE RIO
FUEL OIL 6
DIESEL ENGINE
100.10
SAN PEDRO VAPOR
FUEL OIL 6
STEAM TURBINE
33.00
QUISQUEYA 1
FUEL OIL 6
COMBINED CYCLE
215.00
PUERTO PLATA I
FUEL OIL 6
STEAM TURBINE
27.60
SubTotal
PUERTO PLATA II
FUEL OIL 6
STEAM TURBINE
39.00
HAINA TG
FUEL OIL 2
GAS TURBINE
100.00
METALDOM
BARAHONA CARBÓN
COAL
STEAM TURBINE
53.60
METALDOM
SULTANA DEL ESTE
SubTotal
FUEL OIL 6
DIESEL ENGINE
102.00
JUANCHO LOS COCOS 1
WIND
WIND TURBINE
25.20
JUANCHO LOS COCOS 2
WIND
WIND TURBINE
46.00
QUILVIO CABRERA QUISQUEYA 2
315.10
FUEL OIL 6
DIESEL ENGINE
42.00 42.00
LAESA
WIND
WIND TURBINE
8.25
PIMENTEL I
FUEL OIL 6
DIESEL ENGINE
31.60
FUEL OIL 6
COMBINED CYCLE
215.00
PIMENTEL II
FUEL OIL 6
DIESEL ENGINE
28.00
842.55
PIMENTEL III
FUEL OIL 6
DIESEL ENGINE
51.40
SubTotal
SubTotal
111.00
GPLV MONTERIO POWER CORPORATION
PALAMARA
FUEL OIL 6
DIESEL ENGINE
107.00
LA VEGA
FUEL OIL 6
DIESEL ENGINE
87.50
BERSAL
FUEL OIL 6
DIESEL ENGINE
25.20
194.50
INCA KM22
FUEL OIL 6
DIESEL ENGINE
14.60
SubTotal
SubTotal
39.80
SAN FELIPE SAN FELIPE SubTotal
FUEL OIL 6
COMBINED CYCLE
185.00
LOS ORIGENES
185.00
LOS ORIGENES SubTotal
Total Thermoelectric
42 / STATISTICAL REPORT 2015
FUEL OIL. 6 / NATURAL GAS
NATURAL GAS ENGINE
59.20 59.20
3,125.4
WHOLESALE ELECTRICITY MARKET / 43
HYDROELECTRIC UNITS COMPANIES
HYDROELECTRIC UNITS (CONT.)
FUEL
TECHNOLOGY
CAPACITY [MW]
TAVERA I
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
48.00
TAVERA II
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
48.00
JIGUEY I
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
49.00
JIGUEY II
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
49.00
AGUACATE I
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
30.00
AGUACATE II
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
30.00
VALDESIA I
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
27.00
VALDESIA II
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
27.00
RIO BLANCO I
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
12.50
RIO BLANCO II
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
12.50
MONCION I
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
26.00
MONCION II
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
26.00
RINCON
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
10.10
PALOMINO I
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
40.83
PALOMINO II
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
40.80
PINALITO I
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
25.00
PINALITO II
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
25.00
EGEHID - RESERVOIR HYDRO
SubTotal Reservoir
COMPANIES
FUEL
TECHNOLOGY
CAPACITY [MW]
DOMINGO RODRIGUEZ I
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
2.00
DOMINGO RODRIGUEZ II
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
2.00
ROSA JULIA DE LA CRUZ
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
0.90
NIZAO NAJAYO
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
0.30
LOS ANONES
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
0.10
SABANA YEGUA
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
12.80
LAS DAMAS
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
7.50
SABANETA
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
6.30
LOS TOROS I
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
4.90
LOS TOROS II
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
4.90
MAGUEYAL I
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
1.50
MAGUEYAL II
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
1.50
BRAZO DERECHO
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
2.90
LAS BARIAS
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
0.90
SubTotal Non-Reservoir
Total Hydro
89.0
615.73
526.7 GRAND TOTAL
3,741.08
EGEHID - NON-RESERVOIR HYDRO
LOPEZ ANGOSTURA
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
18.40
CONTRA EMBALSE MONCION I
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
1.60
CONTRA EMBALSE MONCION II
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
1.60
BAIGUAQUE I
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
0.60
BAIGUAQUE II
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
0.60
HATILLO
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
8.00
JIMENOA
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
8.40
EL SALTO
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
0.70
ANIANA VARGAS I
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
0.30
ANIANA VARGAS II
WATER
HYDRO TURBINE
0.30
44 / STATISTICAL REPORT 2015
WHOLESALE ELECTRICITY MARKET / 45
TRANSMISSION The Empresa de Transmisión de Eléctrica Dominicana is a state-owned company with the primary objective of building, operating and sustainably managing the grids and substations of the electric interconnected system of the Dominican Republic, in order to provide quality service at reasonable prices. The electrical infrastructure consists of a total length of 4,723.95 km of lines at 345, 138 and 69 kV, where the 345 kV network, which links the North Zone with the area of Santo Domingo, is the most economically important and functional one. It has a length of 129.9 km at a maximum transmission power of 1200 MVA per circuit. In addition, the National Transmission System consists of approximately 2,660.93 km of transmission lines at 138 kV and can be referred to as the Sub-backbone network; also 1,933.13 km of 69 kV lines. It operates and maintains approximately 85 substations owned and shared. Because of its radial configuration, the National Electric Interconnected System is divided into four zones: Santo Domingo Zone, South Zone, North Zone and East Zone. The most important substations of these zones are: Palamara and Hainamosa in the Santo Domingo Zone, Pizarrete in the Southern Zone, Bonao II and Canabacoa in the Northern Zone and San Pedro II in the Eastern Zone.
DISTRIBUTION These distribution companies, three state-owned and one private, manage the electricity distribution of the national interconnected grid: Edesur Dominicana, S. A. Edenorte Dominicana, S. A. Empresa Distribuidora de Electricidad del Este, S. A. Compañía de Luz y Fuerza de Las Terrenas, S.A. These companies supplies their energy from the National Interconnected Electric System through high voltage bus bars, which are later transformed to lower tensions levels and then conducted through each company’s grids within their zones of concession until these reach their final users.
ENERGY BALANCE In 2015, the total injection of electrical energy in the system was 14,177.4 GWh.
46 / STATISTICAL REPORT 2015
In 2015, the total injection of electrical energy in the system was 14,177.4 GWh. The companies who supplied the most were: EGEHAINA 19.7%, AES ANDRES 14.6%, ITABO S.A. 12.53%, DPP 10.4%, EGEHID 6.6% y SEABOARD 8.9%. AES Dominicana units as a group contributed 37.5% of the energy in the Electricity Wholesale Market, reaching the highest market share in the generation sector.
Energy Supply Participation by Company [14,177.4 GWh]
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
2015
AES ANDRES
105.8
0.8
188.5
196.2
191.6
191.5
193.7
196.3
191.0
197.5
192.3
220.4
2,065.6
ITABO S.A.
168.0
135.7
123.5
117.8
137.1
140.2
161.5
157.5
162.2
161.3
147.0
164.1
1,776.0
DPP
109.4
123.5
137.4
125.8
119.3
115.9
120.9
126.8
122.6
113.1
127.8
126.9
1,469.3
AES Dominicana
383.2
260.0
449.4
439.8
448.0
447.6
476.1
480.6
475.8
472.0
467.0
511.4
5,310.9
EGEHID
74.7
80.6
89.9
81.9
68.8
76.7
64.2
56.1
79.9
80.1
89.9
91.6
934.4
CDEEE-IPP's
50.6
116.7
20.9
28.0
81.0
108.9
103.8
119.4
123.6
140.2
72.9
47.4
1,013.3
EGE HAINA
246.6
198.7
240.0
241.0
260.4
255.5
256.9
238.4
216.3
233.6
204.5
198.4
2,790.4
GPLV
108.9
94.0
86.0
81.5
80.8
78.2
89.9
101.1
87.9
89.4
57.1
56.9
1,011.7
SEABOARD
60.5
66.7
69.8
74.3
75.6
68.1
76.6
74.4
61.2
72.0
67.6
75.4
842.2
CEPP
19.8
24.0
24.6
24.8
25.1
25.4
27.2
27.5
25.2
26.2
23.4
19.0
292.1
MONTE RIO
12.1
11.7
7.1
9.1
7.7
5.8
9.1
8.4
6.4
9.1
2.3
3.0
91.8
PVDC
46.5
54.5
61.6
62.2
67.9
59.8
64.5
64.6
65.2
66.6
63.8
57.2
734.5
METALDOM
18.2
13.7
15.9
16.2
18.5
16.8
21.8
19.5
19.4
26.7
22.8
27.6
237.2
LAESA
52.8
46.1
50.7
46.5
50.1
55.5
56.5
54.1
49.4
52.2
45.9
52.1
611.8
LOS ORÍGENES
14.4
29.2
17.9
31.3
17.3
16.7
29.9
32.0
32.1
18.8
31.7
35.9
307.1
1,088.3
996.0
1,133.9
1,136.7
1,201.2
1,214.9
1,276.4
1,276.3
1,242.3
1,286.9
1,148.9
1,175.7
14,177.4
EDESUR
347.1
320.9
364.5
360.3
381.5
392.6
411.6
411.0
402.5
418.4
368.2
378.0
4,556.5
EDENORTE
297.5
269.0
305.4
319.5
333.8
329.2
349.8
352.7
340.4
349.0
314.2
319.3
3,879.7
EDEESTE
303.1
271.3
307.0
308.3
326.2
330.5
351.4
346.4
337.5
349.0
309.3
326.8
3,867.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2.7
2.9
3.0
2.7
3.1
14.3
117.8
115.7
133.0
126.1
133.5
136.1
137.1
138.9
135.9
142.6
134.8
124.8
1,576.3
4.3
5.3
3.1
2.3
2.9
2.1
2.3
2.4
2.2
2.1
2.4
3.3
34.8 13,928.6
GENERATION
LFLT
The distribution company (DISCOS) electricity lines within the national DISCOS grid count with an automatic load shedding mechanism, implemented in several circuits and substations dedicated to operate in low frequency and low voltage situations, which disconnects the electrical load automatically through different stages. This mechanism is reviewed and updated periodically by the Coordinator Organism of the system, the independent market operator.
The following table indicates the monthly energy balance during 2015. This includes the net energy injections of the generation companies as well as the distribution companies and non-regulated users withdrawals; the last two have been grouped independently from the generation companies with which they have a power supply contractual arrangement.
UNR's RETIROS INTERNOS DEMAND
1,069.7
982.2
1,113.0
1,116.5
1,177.8
1,190.6
1,252.3
1,254.1
1,221.4
1,264.1
1,131.5
1,155.3
LOSSES
18.5
13.8
21.0
20.1
23.4
24.3
24.1
22.1
20.9
22.8
17.4
20.4
248.8
LOSSES %
1.7%
1.4%
1.9%
1.8%
1.9%
2.0%
1.9%
1.7%
1.7%
1.8%
1.5%
1.74%
1.75%
WHOLESALE ELECTRICITY MARKET / 47
CAPACITY
SYSTEM MAXIMUM DEMAND
AES Dominicana as a group had a participation of 25.1% in the firm capacity market.
The generation companies that gathered the largest participation in the firm capacity market were: EGEHID 26.7%, EGEHAINA 16.9%, AES Andres 11.1%, ITABO, S.A. 9.6%, PALAMARA 8.1%, LAESA 5.4%, SEABOARD 5.4% y DPP 4.4%. The remaining generation companies that represented less than 4.4% are grouped on the same column. AES Dominicana as a group had a participation of 25.1% in the firm capacity market.
The system’s maximum demand represents the highest power consumption on a giving hour. Generally, this happens during system peak consumption hours between 18:00 and 22:00 hours of the a giving day. The Maximum demand data is uses to recalculate the real capacity consumption of the evaluated year; because a preliminary estimated maximum demand is used prior to computing these figures. The system remunerates only the maximum capacity effectively recorded as demanded during the year.
Preliminary Firm Capacity
The following table shows 2015’s monthly power production and power consumptions during system peak hours. On 2015 de maximum demand occurred on September 21 at 21:00, registering a value of 2,079 MW. On this giving date, the net power withdrawn was 1,967 MW from where the 90.3% of the withdrawn where registered to the distribution companies, 9.6% to NonRegulated Users and 0.1% generators Auxiliary withdrawn.
[MW] JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
MW
% 11.1%
AES ANDRES
234.1
230.5
227.5
221.0
221.3
221.0
217.5
217.9
227.4
222.8
224.8
232.9
224.9
ITABO S.A.
204.4
202.8
200.9
195.8
194.7
195.8
193.8
188.4
190.2
186.9
186.8
187.13
193.97
9.6%
81.1
80.6
82.2
82.7
84.7
87.4
88.9
89.3
93.0
93.5
95.1
98.17
88.06
4.4%
AES DOMINICANA
519.5
514.0
510.7
499.5
500.7
504.1
500.2
495.7
510.6
503.3
506.7
518.18
506.9
25.1%
EGEHID
504.8
525.8
531.4
553.3
554.1
551.6
539.6
550.9
532.4
549.9
548.9
535.1
539.8
26.7%
14.4
1.2
1.2
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-
1.44
0.1%
DPP
CDEEE-IPPs*
Monthly Maximum Demand [MW]
HAINA
346.7
345.2
344.6
343.5
342.4
341.6
340.1
338.7
339.7
338.0
337.9
338.39
341.40
16.9%
GPLV
170.4
170.3
170.6
166.1
166.2
165.9
164.2
160.7
163.0
159.4
158.7
159.84
164.62
8.1%
Month
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
D14 H20
D19 H20
D25 H21
D27 H21
D06 H22
D25 H22
D08 H22
D12 H22
D21 H21
D05 H22
D11 H21
D09 H22
1,882
1,891
1,970
1,976
2,008
2,026
2,076
2,079
2,053
1,957
108.3
108.3
108.3
108.3
108.3
108.3
108.3
108.3
108.3
108.3
108.3
108.27
108.27
5.4%
Day / Hour
CEPP
58.7
58.2
57.6
56.1
56.0
56.1
55.4
54.4
55.2
53.9
53.7
54.25
55.80
2.8%
GENERATION
MONTERIO
37.6
38.0
38.0
37.8
37.7
37.5
37.4
37.1
37.2
36.3
35.9
36.03
37.20
1.8%
Gross Generation
METALDOM
35.9
35.3
34.7
33.7
33.4
33.5
33.0
32.2
32.7
31.9
32.0
32.21
33.37
1.6%
Net Generation sub-transmission valtage
1,820
1,834
1,910
1,948
1,914
1,944
1,970
2,013
2,015
1,983
1,894
1,930
1,804
1,818
1,896
1,933
1,901
1,931
1,957
2,000
2,002
1,973
1,884
1,919
526
514
526
559
528
539
550
566
593
562
497
550
SEABOARD
PVDC
90.4
90.0
89.6
87.1
86.7
86.8
85.5
83.2
83.8
81.8
81.1
81.05
85.58
4.2%
Net Generarion transmission valtage
LAESA
108.4
108.4
108.4
108.4
108.4
108.4
108.4
108.4
108.4
108.4
108.4
108.44
108.43
5.4%
DEMAND
LOS ORIGENES POWER PLANT
24.74
24.74
24.75
24.75
24.75
24.75
46.65
57.05
57.1
57.1
57.1
57.05
40.03
2.0%
2,019.8
2,019.5
2,019.8
2,018.9
2,018.7
2,018.5
2,018.6
2,026.7
2,028.4
2,028.1
2,028.8
2,028.8
2,022.9
100.0%
Empresa Distribuidora de Electricidad del Este S.A.
Total * Only includes CESPM
1,994
EdeNorte Dominicana S. A.
522
518
574
576
573
570
579
574
581
579
576
550
EdeSur Dominicana S.A.
540
576
572
577
570
598
600
626
598
594
580
580
LFLT Non-Regulated Users [UNR] Other TOTAL DEMAND
Losses [MW] Losses [%]
48 / STATISTICAL REPORT 2015
2,000
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
5
5
5
182
182
176
193
189
188
188
188
188
191
185
193
10
12
4
3
4
3
3
2
3
2
3
5
1,780
1,801
1,852
1,909
1,865
1,897
1,920
1,961
1,967
1,934
1,846
1,883
24
17
43
25
37
33
37
39
35
40
38
36
1.36%
0.93%
2.28%
1.27%
1.94%
1.73%
1.89%
1.95%
1.76%
2.01%
2.00%
1.89%
WHOLESALE ELECTRICITY MARKET / 49
ENERGY SUPPLY BY FUEL TYPE
International Fuel Prices [US$/MMBtu]
In 2015, 35.5% of the supplied energy was produced with Fuel Oil 6, holding the most participation in the fuel market; natural gas came in second with 33.0%, followed by coal coming in third place with 14.8%.
The fossil fuels used for electrical generation, Fuel Oil 6 and Fuel Oil 2 maintained the highest prices, those experiencing a reduction in the last quarter of 2015.
Energy Supply by Fuel Type
The table below presents the value of fuel prices in the international market expressed in US$/MMBtu.
[14,177.4 GWh]
18 35.5%
COAL 14.8% FUEL OIL 2
8.0%
NATURAL GAS
33.0%
WATER 6.6% WIND
2.0%
35.5%
16 14
33.0% 8.0% 14.8%
12 US$ / MMBtu
FUEL OIL 6
10 8 FUEL OIL 2
6
FUEL OIL 6
4
NATURAL GAS Nymex
2
COAL
0 JAN
FEB
MAR
INTERNATIONAL FUEL PRICES In 2015, natural gas and coal maintained the most competitive prices of those used for the generation of thermal energy.
The next graph shows the average monthly price of each fuel type in US$/ MMBtu. The prices for FO# 6 and FO #2 were referenced by the international publications by Platts at the US Gulf Coast Port. The prices of coal were referenced by API2-C7 with a gross heat value of 6,000 Btu/lb and the natural gas prices were referenced by the monthly average of the front month future price quotations in the NYMEX (Henry Hub).
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
Power Generation International Fuel Prices [US$/MMBtu]
MINERAL COAL
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
2.42
2.62
2.58
2.52
2.47
2.34
2.44
2.35
2.27
2.23
2.28
2.03
NATURAL GAS Nymex
3.62
2.96
2.75
2.75
2.59
2.86
2.76
2.82
2.76
2.65
2.41
2.29
FUEL OIL 6
5.76
7.27
6.86
7.27
7.84
7.76
6.64
5.27
5.16
5.19
4.74
3.45
FUEL OIL 2
8.52
9.68
9.05
9.48
10.19
9.53
8.52
7.63
7.68
7.66
7.12
5.66
In 2015, natural gas and coal maintained the most competitive prices of those used in the Interconnected National Electrical System for the generation of thermal energy.
Prices using their original rates: ENE
FEB
MAR
ABR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AGO
SEP
OCT
NOV
DIC
57.59
62.42
61.51
60.00
58.70
55.80
58.20
55.90
54.06
53.17
54.38
48.30
3.62
2.96
2.75
2.75
2.59
2.86
2.76
2.82
2.76
2.65
2.41
2.29
FUEL OIL 6 US$/BBLS
38.49
48.58
45.86
48.55
52.36
51.86
44.39
35.18
34.49
34.64
31.66
23.04
FUEL OIL 2 US$/GAL
1.54
1.75
1.64
1.72
1.84
1.72
1.54
1.38
1.39
1.39
1.29
1.02
MINERAL COAL US$/MT NATURAL GAS US$/MMBtu [Nymex]
Sources: Platts, Mc Closkey
50 / STATISTICAL REPORT 2015
WHOLESALE ELECTRICITY MARKET / 51
ENERGY SPOT PRICE The short-term marginal cost is the variable cost necessary to produce an additional unit of energy considering the demand and generation park available.
CAPACITY SPOT PRICE AND CONNECTION RIGHT Capacity’s marginal cost is the price for which the transactions of Firm Capacity are valued, and is determined by what is established in Article 278 of the Regulation of the General Law of Electricity. This also corresponds to the monthly calculations for the Connection Right Unit Price, which is established in Article 364. At the end of 2005 the Superintendence of Electricity emitted Resolution No. 108 in which they ordered to recalculate the Connection Right Unit Price using the definitive capacity transactions.
The next graph presents 2015’s maximum and average monthly spot price.
Energy Spot Price [US$/MWh]
The following table shows 2015’s monthly average energy spot prices, also the highest spot prices for the same period of time.
Capacity Spot Price and Connection Right [US$/Kw-month]
The next table indicates the monthly unitary marginal cost of capacity and connection right.
90 60
12
30
CMg AVG CMg MAX
0 JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
US$ / kw-month
US$ / MWh
120
8
4 Connection Right
These price comparisons must be in American dollars since energy’s marginal cost is determined by the production costs of power generation companies, whose fuel prices are acquired in the international market, which are in American dollars. Attached are the exchange rates in dollars that were used for this report.
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
Average
CMg AVG
106
96
101
100
108
113
113
100
85
87
74
65
96
CMg MAX
127
107
127
121
127
134
134
119
101
99
99
94
116
52 / STATISTICAL REPORT 2015
Capacity Spot
0 JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
Average
Capacity Spot
8.47
8.45
8.56
8.59
8.59
8.64
8.65
8.66
8.65
8.63
8.63
8.61
8.59
Connection Right
4.51
4.49
4.38
4.20
4.14
4.14
4.04
4.13
4.27
4.22
4.38
4.56
4.29
WHOLESALE ELECTRICITY MARKET / 53
FREQUENCY REGULATION SERVICE Secondary Frequency Regulation Service
The following graph demonstrates the margins contributed by each company that participated in the frequency regulation market, as well as the established norm of the General Law of Electricity, which indicates generation companies must reach between 3% and 5% of the demand, both Primarily and Secondarily.
AES Dominicana, with the participation of AES Andres and DPP, was the company that contributed the most in the primary regulation of frequency.
[458.49 GWh]
In the secondary regulation of frequency, AES Andres and DPP contributed approximately 11.0% and 28.4%, bringing a total of 39.5% of the reserve margins during 2015, by side EGEHID 2.1%, LAESA 41.5% and HAINA 12.3%.
Primary Frequency Regulation Service [517.58 GWh]
AES Dominicana, with the participation of AES Andres and DPP, was the company that contributed the most in the primary regulation of frequency, with as much as 18.1% and 25.0%, bringing a total of 43.2% of the reserve margins in 2015, maintaining the quality and reliability of the market.
70 60 50
GWh
40 70
30 60 20 50 10 GWh
40 0 JAN
30
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
20 10 0 JAN
54 / STATISTICAL REPORT 2015
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
PDVC
FALCON
MONTERIO
SAN FELIPE
METALDOM
HIDRO
LAESA
ITABO
CEPP
DPP
SEABOARD
AES ANDRES
GPLV
3% Demand
HAINA
5% Demand
DEC
AES Andres and DPP contributed as much as 18.1% and 25.0%, bringing a total of 43.2% of the reserve margins in 2015, maintaining the quality and reliability of the market.
LAESA
HIDRO
CEPP
ITABO
SEABOARD
DPP
GPLV
AES ANDRES
HAINA
3% Demand
FALCON
5% Demand
SAN FELIPE
WHOLESALE ELECTRICITY MARKET / 55
NON-REGULATED USERS MARKET
Evolution of Non-Regulated Market Consumption
The Superintendencia de Electricidad is the agency responsible for assessing whether a company qualifies as a Non-Regulated User. As of 2015, this institution had issued 176 licenses to enable the NRU status. However, currently only 76 are using their licenses in the wholesale electricity market. Below is the monthly amount of energy that was supplied by each agent to its NRU during 2015.
De esta grรกfica se destaca el posicionamiento de las empresas AES Andres y This graph highlights the positioning of companies such as EDEESTE and AES Andres, the main participants in the market, followed by the hydroelectric company and EDESUR. 100%
Non-Regulated Users (NRU) Energy Demand, Grouped by Supplier
90%
[GWh]
80% 70%
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
GWh
%
AES ANDRES
45.90
46.29
52.96
50.54
53.06
51.96
55.49
52.81
52.33
54.04
50.35
46.66
612
40.8%
EDEESTE
40.75
40.76
45.77
42.52
46.82
50.34
48.31
50.19
49.01
50.52
48.38
44.04
557
37.2%
EDENORTE
6.73
6.39
7.08
7.13
7.22
7.21
7.72
7.26
7.28
7.47
6.90
5.81
84
5.6%
EDESUR
9.63
9.25
10.11
9.82
10.06
9.73
10.42
9.68
9.99
10.24
9.50
9.93
118
7.9%
HAINA
9.71
7.43
11.06
10.51
10.13
10.87
8.86
10.03
8.35
10.97
10.69
10.91
120
8.0%
SEABOARD
0.57
0.56
0.63
0.61
0.62
0.61
0.60
0.60
0.67
0.82
0.86
0.98
8
0.5%
MONTE RIO
0.28
3.65
5.37
5.02
5.54
5.41
5.72
5.63
5.38
5.61
5.41
3.34
56
3.8%
113.57
114.34
132.99
126.15
133.46
136.12
137.11
136.19
133.02
139.66
132.10
21.68
1,500
100.0%
Total Demand
60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% JAN
The table above shows that the NRU average monthly withdrawal in the wholesale electricity market was 129.7 GWh, which represented 11.32% of the SENI average monthly withdrawal in 2015.
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
MONTERIO HAINA SEABOARD
In addition, during 2015 the NRU total withdrawal was 1,500 GWh of energy, from which AES Dominicana provided 612 GWh, which represented a monthly average of 51.03 GWh and 40.8% market share for all of 2015.
EDESUR EDENORTE EDEESTE AES ANDRES
56 / STATISTICAL REPORT 2015
WHOLESALE ELECTRICITY MARKET / 57
CONTRACT MARKET Energy Contracts, also known as PPAs (Power Purchase Agreements), are bilateral agreements for the buying and selling of electricity, capacity and other complementary services, made liberally between two parts, one who generates electricity with the purpose to sell (seller) and the other with the need to buy the electricity (buyer).
Energy Contracts, also known as PPAs (Power Purchase Agreements), are bilateral agreements for the buying and selling of electricity.
The table that follows shows the monthly amount of energy that was sold through contracts in the energy market during 2015.
Energy Sales by Contract in the Whole Sales Electricity Market [GWh]
AES Dominicana, as a group, held the largest market share in the contractual energy market in 2015 with AES Andres (17.16%), DPP (13.0%) and ITABO S.A. (15.9%) supplying a total of 46.4% of all contracts registered. The market share of HAINA (23.2%), CDEEE (5.7%) and EGEHID (7.5%), can also be noted. JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
GWh
%
GENERATORS AES ANDRES
141.25
117.50
155.28
154.55
167.57
168.07
177.22
170.48
168.57
185.74
156.06
60.59
1,922.9
17.6%
CDEEE
-
-
-
-
-
101.60
96.59
111.30
115.92
131.28
69.01
0.06
625.8
5.7%
CEPP
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.0%
111.16
99.50
112.59
113.07
119.62
121.21
128.87
127.02
123.77
127.98
113.41
119.84
1,418.0
13.0%
EGEHID
70.99
77.74
87.76
80.84
68.82
76.73
63.88
56.11
78.20
77.67
85.79
-
824.5
7.5%
GPLV
79.90
73.23
83.10
84.17
88.56
89.40
94.29
94.46
91.99
95.03
84.52
86.41
1,045.1
9.6%
HAINA
196.16
177.22
203.59
204.89
215.00
218.01
227.79
228.33
221.02
230.77
205.92
212.39
2,541.1
23.2%
ITABO
133.18
121.51
137.81
139.28
146.72
148.27
156.61
156.38
152.33
157.42
139.88
143.95
1,733.3
15.9%
MONTE RIO
0.28
3.65
5.37
5.02
5.54
5.41
5.72
5.63
5.38
5.61
5.41
3.34
56.4
0.5%
SEABOARD
0.57
0.56
0.63
0.61
0.62
0.61
0.60
0.60
0.67
0.82
0.86
0.98
8.2
0.1%
733.5
670.9
786.1
782.4
812.4
929.3
951.6
950.3
957.9
1,012.3
860.9
727.6
10,175.2
93.1%
DPP
Total DISTRIBUTORS EDEESTE
40.7
40.8
45.8
42.5
46.8
50.3
48.3
50.2
49.0
50.5
48.4
44.0
557.4
5.1%
EDENORTE
6.7
6.4
7.1
7.1
7.2
7.2
7.7
7.3
7.3
7.5
6.9
5.8
84.2
0.8%
EDESUR
9.6
9.3
10.1
9.8
10.1
9.7
10.4
9.7
10.0
10.2
9.5
9.9
118.4
1.1%
57.1
56.4
63.0
59.5
64.1
67.3
66.4
67.1
66.3
68.2
64.8
59.8
760.0
6.9%
Total
58 / STATISTICAL REPORT 2015
WHOLESALE ELECTRICITY MARKET / 59
ATTACHMENTS
GLOSSARY BAR: That point of the electrical system prepared to deliver and withdraw electricity. BTU: British Thermal Unit of measurement. It is a unit of heat in the English European System. Its equivalence in the International System (IS) is the Calorie. The prices of Natural Gas are usually expressed in US$/MMBtu. 1 BTU is equivalent to 252 Calories (Cal). CONTRACTS MARKET: The market for transactions of sale and purchase of electricity based on freely negotiated contracts for supply. COMBINED CYCLE: a machine composed of two phases: one phase of gas and the other phase of steam. Typically the whole entity consists of a gas turbine, a heat recuperation boiler, a steam turbine, and one or several electrical generators. FIRM POWER: The power that can be supplied by each generating units during peak hours, with high security/safety. FREQUENCY REGULATION: Actions necessary to maintain frequency within the permissible tolerances defined for the system. The OC establishes the regulation parameters, and the generator companies are responsible for providing service through their control Centers. FUEL OIL: A petroleum derivative obtained as a residue after the distilling process. Being a fuel, which is heavier than those which can be distilled at atmospheric pressure, Fuel Oil is used as a fuel for electrical energy plants, boilers, and ovens. GAS TURBINE: A machine composed of a compressed air compressor (sic), a turbine especially designed for this purpose, and an electrical generator. The turbine converts thermal energy from fuel which is produced as a result of the expansion of hot gases from the explosion of the mixutre of compressed air, fuel, and flame, into mechanical energy that is used by the electrical generator to produce electricity.
LIQUID NATURAL GAS (LNG): Natural Gas processed to be transported in liquid form. It is the best alternative for transporting and storage because when transformed into liquid as atmospheric pressure and –163oC, the liquefaction process reduces the volume of gas by 600 times. MARGINAL CENTRAL UNIT: This refers to the generating unit or units, which at optimum load dispatch increase their generation when the demand is marginally increased. MARGINAL SHORT-TERM COST: The variable costs necessary to produce one additional unit of energy, considering the demand and the generation infrastructure available. MAXIMUM ANNUAL DEMAND: The maximum gross half our demand, during a calendar year, of the total of the generator units of the system, occurring within the system´s peak hours. NATURAL GAS (NG): A mixture of gases that is frequently found in fossil beds, alone or accompanied by oil. It is composed mainly of methane in quantities greater than 90 to 95%, and in addition, usually contains other gases such as nitrogen, ethane, CO2, and traces of butane or propane, as well as small proportions of inert gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen. NON REGULATED USER (UNR): That user of the electrical service whose monthly demand exceeds the limits established by the Superintendencia de Electricidad in order to be classified as a public user, and who fulfills the requirements established in the Regulation of the General Electricity Law. OWN CONSUMPTION: The energy consumed by the auxiliary systems of a central unit or Substation. PEAK POWER: Maximum power on the annual load curve. PRIMARY FREQUENCY REGULATION (RPF): Power that a generator unit can vary by automatic action of its system in the face of changes in the system’s frequency.
HYDRAULIC TURBINE: A machine that uses kinetic energy and power from water to produce a rotation movement which, transferred through an axis, directly moves a machine or generator that transforms mechanical energy into electrical energy.
62 / STATISTICAL REPORT 2015
ATTACHMENTS / 63
RIGHT OF CONNECTION: The difference between the total annual cost of the transmission system and the right of use estimated for the year. The procedure to determine the right of use is established in the Regulation of the General Electricity Law. SECONDARY FREQUENCY REGULATION (RSF): Power which a generator unit can vary, or modify by automatic or manual action of its system of regulation in a sustained manner. SPOT MARKET: The market for transactions of short-term sale and purchase of electricity not based on term contracts where economic transactions are performed at Marginal Short Term Energy Cost and at Marginal Power Cost. STEAM TURBINE: A machine that transforms thermal energy from fuel into mechanical energy. Through a process of generation of steam produced in a boiler, from which come conditions of high temperature and pressure. The kinetic energy of the steam is used by the turbine mechanically and through this by a generator to produce electricity. VARIABLE PRODUCTION COST OF A THERMAL ELECTRICAL MACHINE: This corresponds to the cost of fuel placed in the plants, and used in the production of electrical energy, multiplied by the average specific consumption of the machine plus the variable non-fuel cost.
2014 Firm Capacity True-up [MW]
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
MW
% 11.5%
AES ANDRES
259.7
258.7
202.8
205.9
206.2
206.6
212.0
212.3
229.1
227.1
205.2
195.63
218.4
ITABO S.A.
215.9
215.5
172.9
175.5
175.8
176.1
180.7
181.0
195.3
193.6
175.0
166.75
185.3
9.7%
90.3
89.9
69.4
70.4
70.5
70.7
72.5
72.6
78.2
77.5
70.1
66.85
74.9
3.9%
AES DOMINICANA
565.8
564.0
445.0
451.8
452.5
453.4
465.2
465.9
502.7
498.2
450.2
429.23
478.7
25.1%
EGEHID
469.8
472.3
469.6
455.9
454.4
452.6
428.6
427.1
426.1
438.6
529.9
552.0
464.7
24.4%
30.7
30.6
22.3
22.6
22.7
22.7
23.3
23.4
25.0
24.8
22.4
21.5
24.3
1.3%
HAINA
131.7
131.7
336.3
338.0
338.2
338.5
341.6
341.7
346.4
345.7
337.3
331.6
304.9
16.0%
GPLV
181.3
181.0
146.7
148.9
149.2
149.5
153.3
153.6
165.5
164.1
148.3
141.3
156.9
8.2%
DPP
CDEEE-IPPs*
SEABOARD
14.2
14.2
12.4
12.6
12.6
12.6
13.0
13.0
14.0
13.7
14.1
35.8
15.2
0.8%
CEPP
63.2
63.1
50.3
51.1
51.1
51.2
52.6
52.7
56.8
56.3
50.8
48.3
54.0
2.8%
MONTERIO
96.4
96.4
76.5
77.7
77.8
78.0
80.0
80.1
86.5
85.8
77.5
73.9
82.2
4.3%
METALDOM
39.8
39.6
30.7
31.2
31.2
31.3
32.1
32.2
34.8
34.4
31.1
29.7
33.2
1.7%
PVDC
180.2
180.2
180.1
180.1
180.1
180.1
180.2
180.2
112.0
108.3
108.1
106.5
156.3
8.2%
LAESA
108.4
108.4
108.4
108.4
108.4
108.4
108.4
108.4
108.4
108.4
108.4
108.4
108.4
5.7%
LOS ORIGENES Total
24.73
24.73
24.73
24.73
24.73
24.73
24.73
24.73
24.73
24.73
24.74
24.74
24.7
1.3%
1,906.2
1,906.2
1,903.1
1,903.1
1,903.1
1,903.0
1,903.0
1,902.9
1,902.9
1,903.0
1,903.0
1,903.0
1,903.5
100.0%
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
AVG
* Only includes SAN FELIPE & CESPM
Consumer Price Index (CPI) [2005-2015]
JAN
FEB
MAR
2005
190.700
191.800
193.300
194.600
194.400
194.500
195.400
196.400
198.800
199.200
197.600
196.800
195.292
2006
198.300
198.700
199.800
201.500
202.500
202.900
203.500
203.900
202.900
201.800
201.500
201.800
201.592
2007
202.416
203.499
205.352
206.686
207.949
208.352
208.299
207.917
208.490
208.936
210.177
210.036
207.342
2008
211.080
211.693
213.528
214.823
216.632
218.815
219.964
219.086
218.783
216.573
212.425
210.228
215.303
2009
211.143
212.193
212.709
213.240
213.856
215.693
215.351
215.834
215.969
216.177
216.330
215.949
214.537
2010
216.687
216.741
217.631
218.009
218.178
217.965
218.011
218.312
218.439
218.711
218.803
219.179
218.056
2011
220.223
221.309
223.467
224.906
225.964
225.722
225.922
226.545
226.889
226.421
226.230
225.672
224.939
2012
226.665
227.663
229.392
230.085
229.815
229.478
229.104
230.379
231.407
231.317
230.221
229.601
229.594
2013
230.280
232.166
232.773
232.531
232.945
233.504
233.596
233.877
234.149
233.546
233.069
233.049
232.957
2014
233.916
234.781
236.293
237.072
237.900
238.343
238.250
237.852
238.031
237.433
236.151
234.812
236.736
2015
233.707
234.722
236.119
236.599
237.805
238.638
238.654
238.316
237.945
237.838
237.336
236.525
237.017
* Bureau of Labor Statistic U.S.
64 / STATISTICAL REPORT 2015
ATTACHMENTS / 65
Fuel Heat Rate Values by Fuel Type
Average Dollar USA Exchange Rate [2005-2015]
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
AVG
29.84
28.85
28.30
28.25
28.70
28.90
28.93
29.00
30.42
32.41
33.25
33.12
30.00
Liquid Fuels
PCS
PCI
PCS
PCI
PCS
PCI
Kcal/Kg
Kcal/Kg
Kcal/L
Kcal/L
Kj/L
Kj/L
2005
PURCHASE SALE
30.40
29.22
28.60
28.54
28.91
29.08
29.06
29.13
30.82
32.70
33.54
33.39
30.28
Oil
10,800
10,008
9,374
8,686
39,250
36,371
2006
PURCHASE
34.56
34.17
32.56
32.11
32.49
32.77
32.75
32.63
32.95
33.47
33.56
33.09
33.09
Diesel Oil
10,750
10,000
9,159
8,680
38,350
36,343
SALE
34.84
34.44
32.85
32.33
32.73
32.94
32.91
32.80
33.12
33.66
33.69
33.30
33.30
Fuel Oil
10,090
9,583
10,217
8,318
42,780
34,827
PURCHASE
33.70
33.36
32.79
32.23
32.14
32.42
32.99
32.90
33.31
33.46
33.41
33.52
33.02
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
11,750
11,000
6,486
9,548
27,160
39,977
SALE
33.90
33.51
32.96
32.40
32.29
32.57
33.14
33.05
33.46
33.59
33.53
33.66
33.17
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
PURCHASE
33.76
33.83
33.92
34.03
34.01
34.16
34.27
34.68
34.83
34.99
35.19
35.26
34.41
SALE
33.89
33.96
34.04
34.14
34.13
34.27
34.39
34.80
34.95
35.09
35.32
35.39
34.53
PCS
PCI
PCS
PCI
PURCHASE
35.37
35.56
35.67
35.83
35.95
35.92
35.98
36.03
36.06
36.09
36.09
36.09
35.89
Kcal/m3
Kcal/m3
Kj/m3
Kj/m3
SALE
35.49
35.65
35.77
35.92
36.04
36.00
36.07
36.10
36.13
36.16
36.17
36.16
35.97
Gaseous Fuels
PURCHASE
36.11
36.19
36.30
36.42
36.70
36.73
36.80
36.89
36.98
37.21
37.22
37.31
36.74
Humid Natural Gas
10,454
8,240
43,770
34,500
SALE
36.19
36.27
36.37
36.51
36.79
36.81
36.88
36.99
37.07
37.29
37.30
37.40
36.82
Dry Natural Gas
9,256
8,500
38,750
35,584
PURCHASE
37.45
37.63
37.76
37.84
37.89
38.03
38.04
38.06
38.15
38.30
38.44
38.55
38.01
SALE
37.54
37.72
37.85
37.90
37.96
38.10
38.12
38.13
38.21
38.37
38.51
38.63
38.09
PCS
PCI
PCS
PCI
Kcal/Kg
Kcal/Kg
Kj/Kg
Kj/Kg
PURCHASE
38.86
38.94
38.99
39.02
39.02
39.07
39.08
39.11
39.20
39.43
39.94
40.17
39.24
SALE
38.95
39.02
39.07
39.08
39.09
39.14
39.15
39.18
39.29
39.53
40.05
40.29
39.32
PURCHASE
40.59
40.76
41.00
41.05
41.09
41.45
41.89
42.36
42.61
42.44
42.45
42.60
41.69
Charcoal
7,500
6,500
30,560
27,213
Coal Cokel
7,300
6,998
30,560
29,299
SALE
40.70
40.85
41.10
41.15
41.19
41.60
42.00
42.49
42.71
42.53
42.53
42.71
41.80
2014
PURCHASE
43.00
43.14
43.04
43.19
43.22
43.39
43.60
43.58
43.71
43.91
44.04
44.20
43.50
SALE
43.09
43.23
43.15
43.28
43.34
43.51
43.69
43.76
43.82
44.05
44.16
44.36
43.62
2015
PURCHASE
44.46
44.75
44.66
44.70
44.76
44.81
44.94
45.02
45.10
45.23
45.33
45.44
44.93
SALE
44.61
44.88
44.75
44.80
44.87
44.91
45.06
45.14
45.23
45.33
45.43
45.53
45.05
* Source: Banco Central de la República Dominicana.
Solid Fuels
Volume Units
Cubic Centimeters
66 / STATISTICAL REPORT 2015
cm3
cm3
M3
Feet 3
Inch 3
Gal (UK)
Gal (US)
BBL
Liters (Lt)
1
0.000001
0.0000353
0.06102
0.00021997
0.00026417
6.2899E-06
0.006102
Cubic Meters
M3
1000000
1
35.3147
61000
219.969
264.17
6.28976
1000.028
Cubic Feet
Pie 3
28320.589
0.028317
1
1727.556
6.2288
7.4805
0.178107
28.321
Cubic Inch
Pulgada 3
16.387
0.00001639
0.00057863
1
0.00360465
0.00432898
0.0001031
0.0163866
Gallon
Gal (UK)
4546.09
0.004546
0.160544
277.42
1
1.20094
0.028594
4.54596
Gallon
Gal (US)
3785.41
0.003785
0.133681
231
0.83268
1
0.02381
3.78533
Barrels
BBL
158984
0.158988
5.6146
9698.024
34.9726
42
1
158.984
Liters
Litro (Lt)
1000.028
0.001
0.03531
61.0255
0.219976
0.264178
0.0063
1
ATTACHMENTS / 67
Density Units Kg / m3
Lb / Feet 3
Lb / Gl (UK)
Lb / Gl (US)
Kilogram per Cubic Meter
Kg / m3
1
0.062428
0.010022
0.008345
Pound per Cubic Feet
Lb / Pie 3
16.0185
1
0.160544
0.133681
Pound per UK Gallon
Lb / Gl (UK)
99.7764
6.22884
1
0.83268
Pound per US Gallon
Lb / Gl (US)
119.826
7.48047
1.20094
1
J
Cal
Btu
KWh
Energy Units
Joule
J
1
0.2388
0.009478
0.000000277
Calories
Cal
4.1869
1
0.0039683
0.000001163
British Thermal Unit
Btu
1055.06
252
1
0.00029307
KiloWatt Hour
KVh
3600000
8598000
3412.14
1
Kg
Ton.
Ton. Larga
Ton. Corta
Libra (Lb)
Mass Units
Kilo
Kg
1
0.001
0.000984
0.001102
2.2046
Ton
T
1000
1
0.984207
1.10231
2204.62
Large Ton
TL
1016
1.016
1
1.12
2240
Short Ton
TC
907
0.907
0.892857
1
2000
Pound
Lb
0.4535
0.0004535
0.000446429
0.0005
1
68 / STATISTICAL REPORT 2015
ATTACHMENTS / 69