p.17 Member SPOTLIGHT: SPOTLIGHT: Thomas Member Thomas Givens Givens p.17
p.18 Member SPOTLIGHT: SPOTLIGHT: Steven Crimando Crimando p.18 Member
Homeland Volume 11, Issue 2 Summer 2013
INSIDE
The land of the free because of the brave
Security ®
Turbulent
Twister
how one city is recovering p.38
Terrorism
A Psychological Approach p.19
School Safety
Special Section on Child Safety
Protecting our Children
55
p.56
Bruzer Less Lethal
Child Exploitation Protecting our most valuable asset
Interview with the Creator p.82
$6.50 U.S./$9.50 CAN
p.76
ABCHS: America’s Largest and Most Prestigious Homeland Security Organization
The American Board for
Certification in
Homeland Security American Board for Certification in Homeland Security (ABCHS) and its specialty boards sponsor certification programs in various homeland security-related areas. The goal of each program is to validate the professional knowledge and skills of certified individuals in a particular area related to homeland security. This is no small task. The Association employs intricate processes for establishing certification program policy, enforcing ethics, developing tests, and operating continuing education programs. These processes align with industry standards (such as those set forth by the National Commission for Certifying Agencies) and are driven by Subject Matter Experts (SMEs). In this way, those who hold certifications from ABCHS can be confident that their credentials are credible and relevant to their area of homeland security. Join today, along with the thousands who currently carry the ABCHS credential. Together we can protect what matters most—our families, communities, country, and way of life.
Together we can make a difference.
Apply Now!
2 www.abchs.com 877.219.2519 Inside Homeland Summer 2013 Call the ChiefSecurityÂŽ Executive Officer at 877.219.2519 or visit us online at www.abchs.com
CEO’s sign Greetings to All ABCHS Members June 14, 2013
We are halfway into 2013 and are very busy at the ABCHS headquarters!
Inside Homeland Security® ISSN 2167-2261 (Print) ISSN 2167-227X (Online) is a publication of The American Board for Certification in Homeland Security, CHS®, 2013. ABCHS is dedicated to the credentialing, networking, and continuing education of homeland security professionals. The opinions and views expressed by the authors, publishers, or interviewees are their own and do not necessarily reflect those of the ABCHS program, nor does the ABCHS program adopt such opinions or views as its own. The ABCHS program disclaims and does not assume any responsibility of liability with respect to the opinions, views, and factual statements of such authors, publishers, or interviewees, nor with respect to any actions, qualifications, or representations of its members’ or subscribers’ efforts in connection with the application or use of any information, suggestions, or recommendations made by the ABCHS program or any of its boards, committees, publications, resources, or activities thereof. For more information call toll-free 877.219.2519.
Business Office 2750 East Sunshine Street Springfield, MO 65804 Toll-Free: 877.219.2519 Fax: 417.881.1865
Our biggest news is achieving accreditation for CHS-V in January, and sitting on pins and needles waiting for word on CHS-III and CHS-IV. Please take the time to read all of the information available in this issue covering certifications and what it can do for you. See pages 8 to 11 for more details. We give many thanks for the dedication of our members that are working non-stop on the new certifications. The following programs are in the final stages and are getting ready for beta testing: • Intelligence Analyst Certified, IAC® • Certified in Dignitary and Executive Protection, CDEP® • Certified in Disaster Preparedness, CDP-I® • Certified Infrastructure Protection and Resiliency Professional, CIPRP Our staff have been very busy working on the next Executive Summit. We are moving the date of the conference from October to May of each year. We are now making final arrangements to hold our next Executive Summit on May 7–9, 2014 in Tucson, Arizona, at the Hilton Tucson El Conquistador Golf & Tennis Resort. Keep watching the Web site and checking your e-mail for further details. We are very excited for an upcoming opportunity. We have been invited to the National Defense University to tour the facility. There we will conduct several exclusive interviews for a future issue of Inside Homeland Security®. Thank you to Steven King, CHS-V, for creating this wonderful opportunity. At this time I would also like to congratulate Frank Garcia on his recent retirement from the U.S. Navy after 30 years of service. At the time of his retirement, on April 1st, he was the most senior chief in the Navy. He and his family will be moving back stateside in June. Frank has been very instrumental in working with fellow sailors and bringing them into the ABCHS program. Always remember that we are looking for members to submit articles. Contact Julie Brooks, the editor of Inside Homeland Security® at editor@abchs.com for full details. Thank you for your continued dedication to the ABCHS program.
Chief Executive Officer Marianne Schmid ceo@abchs.com
Editorial Office Senior Editor Julie Brooks
Graphic Designer Stephanie Lindberg
Editor Cheryl Barnett
Graphic Designer Brandon Alms
Accreditation Editor Megan Turner
Web Designer Justin Casey
Contributing Editor Ed Peaco
Advertising Julie Brooks
editor@abchs.com
cheryl.barnett@abchs.com
megan.turner@abchs.com
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stephanie@abchs.com
brandon@abchs.com
justin@abchs.com
julie.brooks@abchs.com
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Regards, Marianne Schmid Chief Executive Officer, ABCHS
M embe r Ne w s WANTED: Homeland Security Manuscripts Inside Homeland Security® is looking for original, unpublished, wellresearched manuscripts from experts within the field. Please review the publication’s submission guidelines at http://www.abchs.com/ihs/ihs_ submission.php. For questions, contact the editor at editor@abchs.com or call 877.219.2519, ext. 122.
Send Your Comments and Letters to Countersign E-mail IHS at editor@abchs.com or address mail to: IHS, Countersign, 2750 E. Sunshine, Springfield, MO 65804. Letters become the property of the journal, and it owns all rights to their use. IHS may edit letters for content and length.
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contents S p ec i a l S ect i o n: ch i l d S a f e T y
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ABCHS UPDATE ✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯
ACCREDITATion
Why get Certified?
The Essence of Homeland Security: Strategies to Protect America’s Most Valuable Resource
by Chief Walter A. Kimble Ret., DCHS, CHS-V
69 How Would You Improve the Safety of Educational Institutions Throughout Our Country?
by Phillip E. Guffey, MS, CPP, CHS-V
70 Gun Control: Exploring the Issues
by Dan O’Brien, CSP, CHS-V and Betty Stanton, CHS-III
76 Homeland Security Investigations Makes Child Exploitation a Core Priority
On the cover: In this issue, Ed Peaco interviews Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) officers Ian Quinn and Patrick Redling on the exploitation of children and teenagers, and what HSI is doing to crack down against child predators.
by Ed Peaco for Inside Homeland Security®
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Volume 11, Issue 2
Summer 2013
Special Section: Child Safety
55 Columns
56
33 Chaplains & the Line of Duty Death
10 Ways Schools Can Better Protect Your Children
Chaplain’s Column
by Paul Purcell, CHS-V
Counterterrorism
by David J. Fair, PhD, CHS-V, CMC
36 Motivations & Inducements of Homegrown Terrorists, Part II by Richard J. Hughbank, DM, CMAS, CHS-IV, CNTA
45 A Conditional Right to Counsel: in every issue 03 CEO’s Sign 06 Board Members
Features & Articles 10 Benchmark for Excellence
ABCHS Update
by John J. Sullivan, Jr., PhD, CHS-V
Legal Column
by Joshua K. Roberts, JD
49 Securing the Peace on the Global War on Terrorism Guest Column
by Wilem S. Wong, CHS-IV, CAMS
12 Q&A Interview: Proctored Exams 80 Are We Able to Provide a 14 Homeland Security News Phillip Wright Safe and Secure Environment? and Andrew Smith Emergency Management 17 Member Spotlight Thomas Givens 19 Psychological Aspects of CBRNE by Michael J. Fagel, PhD, CEM, CHS-IV by Gyula Bokor, MD and 85 Tele-What? Organizational Peter Anderson, PharmD, BCPP 18 Member Spotlight Necessity! Part I Steven Crimando Organizational Matters 38 Citizen-Driven Recovery by Bill Powers, CHS-IV Interview with Jane Cage 34 Success Files by Ed Peaco for Inside Homeland Security® 89 ABCDEP Update Dignitary & Executive 96 New Members 52 The Floor is Moving: by David L. Johnson, CHS-V Aviation Security after Bin Laden 99 Newly Credentialed by Jeffrey C. Price, CHS-I 90 Cyber Security: Are You Protecting Yourself? 103 LOGO Page 82 Bruzer Less Lethal: Infrastructure Protection Interview with Tommy Teach
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by Shawn J. VanDiver, MS, CHS-V, CPP, CEM Summer 2013
Inside Homeland Security®
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The American Board for Certification in Homeland Security, CHS®
ABCHS Board President John Joseph Sullivan, Jr., PhD, CHS-V Dr. Sullivan is the Executive Liaison to the Homeland Security Bureau in the Palm Beach Sheriff’s Office (PBSO). He oversees the Executive Council and the Ten Critical Infrastructure Councils that comprise the Sheriff’s Business Partners Against Terrorism (B-PAT) Program, and serves as the Faculty Chair for Public Safety in Capella University’s undergraduate program managing online faculty. Dr. Sullivan has dedicated his entire professional career to public safety. His earned academic credentials include a bachelor’s degree in behavioral science from Lynn University, a Master of Science degree in Management from National Louis University, and a Doctor of Philosophy degree in Organization and Management from Capella University. As a career law enforcement practitioner and educator, Dr. Sullivan remains active in both the law enforcement and higher education communities, most recently having joined the Palm Beach Sheriff’s Office (PBSO) in 2008 as the continuation of an extensive career in both law enforcement and higher education.
Vice President Thomas Givens, DABCHS, CHS-V
Secretary William H. Cummins, BA, CHS-V, CDP-I
Members Brendalyn "Val” Bilotti, RN, BS, CHS-V Steven Crimando, DABCHS, CHS-V, CMI Jessica M. Cummins, DABCHS, CHS-V David A. Goldschmitt, MD, FACEP, DABCHS, CHS-V Jeffrey S. Hatchew, JD Henry L. Homrighaus, Jr., DABCHS, CHS-V, PSNA, FABCHS Cathi Marx, DABCHS, CHS-V Wayne M. Morris, DBA, MA, CHS-V, CPP, PSP
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American Board for Certification in Infrastructure Protection, ABCIP Chair: Steven G. King, MS, MBA, CHS-V, CPP Vice Chair: Shawn J. VanDiver, MS, CMAS, CHS-V, CAS-PSM, SSI, CTT+ Cecelia Wright Brown, DEng, MS, BA ,CHS-V Dale W. Cillian, DABCHS, CHS-V Sherman E. Copeland, Jr., CHS-V, SSI Robert J. Coullahan, CHS-V, CEM Patrick N. Cowan, MBCDRP, CHS-V, SSI, CDP-I, ATM W.D. Fitzgerald, CHS-III, CPP Marc E. Glasser, MS, CHS-V, CPP, CEM Kurt J. Klingenberger, CHS-V Peter A. Petch, CHS-V, RPIH, CIPS, CIMT Paul E. Purcell, CHS-V Debra M. Russell, PhD, CHS-V, CMI-V Terry L. Street American Board for Certification in Dignitary and Executive Protection, ABCDEP Chair: David L. Johnson, DABCHS, CHS-V Vice Chair: Edward Bailor, AA, BS, CHS-III Secretary: Michael S. LoFaso, CHS-I Vern J. Abila, CHS-III Gerald A. Cavis, CHS-III Robert Eric Colliver, CHS-III Dennis C. D’Alessio, CHS-III Jim Floyd, CDP-I, CHS-III Mark E. Garver, CHS-V Marc E. Glasser, MS, CHS-V, CPP, CEM Jerrfey D. Guidry, CHS-III Clint Hilbert, CHS-III Michael E. Nossaman, CHS-III Tony J. Scotti, CHS-III Howard L. Weisman, CIPM, CHS-V, CIPM, CMAS American Board for Certified Master Chaplains, ABCMC Chair: David Joel Fair, PhD, CHS-V, SSI, CMC Vice Chair: Leatha Warden, PhD, LPC, ACC-I, CMC Secretary: Don Howe, PhD, CMC James H. Ballard, DMin, CHS-I, CMC Mary Dobbs, CMC Rev. Robert F. Fountain, CMC Glenn George Jesus M. Huertas, DBS, Dmin, CMC Joseph J. Prudhomme, ThD, CHS-II, CMC Charles V. Singletary, CHS-I, CMC Bruce D. Wright, PhD, CMC American Board of Intelligence Analyst, ABIA Chair: John W.A. Didden, CHS-III Vice Chair: James C. Sartori, CHS-V, CNTA, IAC John P. Andrews, CHS-I Michael E. Chesbro, CHS-III, CPO, CSS, CAS, CCIA, IAC, SSI, CFC Nestor L. Colls-Senaha, MS, CHS-V Mark E. Garver, CHS-V Christopher D. Graffagnino Marquis L. Laude, CPP, CHS-V Peter Probst Michael L. Qualls, CHS-V Anthony A. Saputo, CHS-V, MBA Janet Schwartz, PhD, FACFEI, DABCHS, CHS-V, CDP-I
American Board of Information Security and Computer Forensics, ABISCF Chair: Andrew Neal, CHS-III, CISM, CIFI, CSC/I Vice Chair: Margaret Bond, MBA, CISM, CHS-V James Arcara, CHS-III Shayne P. Bates, DABCHS, CHS-V, CPP Rocco Delcarmine, CHS-III J. Clay Fielding, MCP, MCT, CHFE, RFC, GLFI, CEH, CPS, MSCIS, CHS-I Jim Kennedy, PhD, MRP, MBCI, CBRM, CHS-IV Gabriela Rosu, BS, MS, CHS-V Eric Svetcov, CISSP, CISA, CHS-III Cecelia Wright Brown, DEng, MS, BA, CHS-V American Board of Law Enforcement Experts, ABLEE Chair: Sean Kinney, CHS-V, CMI-III, CFC Vice Chair: Stephen Russell, BS, DABLEE, CMI-II, CHS-III Oscar A. Baez, Sgt.(Ret.), CHS-III Kelli Callahan, CHS-III John Cruise, CHS-V Henry C. Grayson, II, CHS-III, CMI-III Walter Kimble, CHS-V William R. Kushner, MS, CHS-IV Marquis L. Laude, CPP, CHS-V Jonathan D. Rose, MD, CHS-V, CFP Debra M. Russell, PhD, CHS-V, CMI-V Warren L. Shepard, CAPT, SSI, CDP-I, CRC, CHS-V James L. Smith, PhD, JD, EdD, CHS-III Patrick E. Spoerry, PhD, CHS-V, CFC Bret H. Swanson, CHS-V Michelle L. Williams, CMI 2013 Editorial Advisory Board Chad R. Barnes, CHS-V, CDP-I, SSI Brendalyn “Val” Bilotti, RN, BS, CHS-V Jody A. Bissonnette, BA, CHS-III James D. Blair, DPA, DPA, MHA, FACHE, FABCHS, CMAS Robert D. Boyden, PhD, MS, FACFEI, DACFEI, CHS-III Kenneth Burkhalter, BS, SSI, CDP-I, CHS-V, CNTA, DABCHS, CRC Patrick N. Cowan, MBA, MBCDRP, CHS-V, SSI, CDP-I Todd DeVoe, CHS-III Irwin C. Harrington, PhD, CFPS, CFI, CHS-I, CDP-I Richard J. Hughbank, MA, MS, CHS-IV, CMAS Michael G. Oehler, PhD, DMIN, CHS-III, CAS, CMAS, CAS-PSM Harry Risor, MS, CHS-V Michael Rowe, CHS-IV, SSI, CDP-I, CMAS James L. Smith, MSS, CHS-III, NREMTP, CPC Shawn J. VanDiver, MS, CMAS, CHS-V, CAS-PSM, SSI, CTT+ John J. Wassel, MD, MHS, CHS-IV
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The American Board for Certification in
HOMELAND SECURITY Homeland Security as a Field The field of homeland security arose in the wake of the incidents on the morning of September 11, 2001. The terrorist attacks on America that day gave rise to a shared understanding that our nation needed increased security to protect our homeland, and many functional areas essential to providing this security were identified soon thereafter. Today the field of homeland security is very broad, encompassing such areas as the more obvious emergency management and transportation security to those that might not instantly come to mind, like agriculture and environmental science.
✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯
WHY GET CERTIFIED? Potential Benefits to the Field:
Potential Benefits to Employers:
• Standardizes practices and/or standards within an industry
• Improves customer satisfaction
• Advances the specialty/field
• Increases the competence level of employees
• Increases cooperation between organizations in the same discipline
• Aids in making employment decisions
• Provides a means for an industry to self-regulate Potential Benefits to Those with Current Certification: • Grants recognition of knowledge and skills by a third party • Enhances professional reputation • Provides personal accomplishment • Supports continued professional development • Demonstrates a high level of commitment to the field of practice • Demonstrates a specific level of knowledge and skill • May increase opportunities for career advancement and/or increased earnings • Serves as a differentiator in a competitive job market
• Provides professional development opportunities for employees • Continually enhances knowledge and skills • Increases confidence in employees’ abilities • Demonstrates employers’ commitment to competence • Can provide means to establish and enforce an ethical code • Can provide compliance with industry regulation/ government requirements Potential Benefits to the public: • Standardizes practice and/or standards within an industry • Advances the specialty/field and increases cooperation between organizations in the same discipline • Provides a means for an industry to self-regulate • Helps in identifying qualified service providers • Increases confidence in service providers • Provides disciplinary process to follow in case of complaints
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Certification Vision Statement:
Our vision is to bridge the gap between government and nongovernment organizations (NGOs) in facilitation of common standards of knowledge in coordinating various scale responses to homeland security and national disaster events.
ABCHS Offers the following testing centers: Tests delivered via FastTEST Web (private sector) Pearson Vue (Military)
Certification Mission Statement:
Our mission is to provide homeland security professionals from government and non-government organizations (NGOs) with certification to assess their knowledge of the current prescribed response frameworks.
ABCHS Accreditation Updates Programmatic Accreditation is the process by which a personnel credentialing or educational program is evaluated by a third party against defined standards, and when in compliance, is awarded recognition. Accreditation is a voluntary and self-regulatory mechanism. It plays a significant role in fostering public confidence, maintaining standards, and enhancing program effectiveness.
Certified in Homeland Security, CHS® Level Four (CHS-IV): ABCHS is in the final stages of the NCCA application process for the accreditation of CHS-IV, as well. This proctored exam consists of 100 multiple-choice questions covering terrorism, technology, security/law enforcement, emergency medical response, and safety. Other Certification Programs:
In December of 2012, the Certified in Homeland Security, CHS® • Certified in Disaster Preparedness, CDP-I® Level Five (CHS-V) personnel credentialing program, a program sponsored by The American Board for Certification in Home• Intelligence Analyst Certified, IAC® land Security, CHS® (ABCHS), was awarded initial accreditation • Certified in Dignitary and Executive Protection, CDEP® by the National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA). • Certified Infrastructure Protection and CHS-V earned this distinction by demonstrating compliance Resiliency Professional, CIPRP with requirements of NCCA Standards for the Accreditation of Certification Programs. ABCHS staff and volunteers are work- ABCHS is currently restructuring these personnel credentialing hard to ensure that CHS-V is only the first in a long line of ing programs to align with best practices in the personnel ABCHS-sponsored, psychometrically-sound personnel creden- credentialing industry and to meet the NCCA standards. Subject matter experts are developing exams covering aspects of tialing programs to earn accreditation from NCCA. Certified in Homeland Security, CHS® Levels One through Three (CHS I–III): ABCHS has implemented major developments recently to the CHS I–III personnel credentialing program. The original three levels of the CHS program are in the process of being retired. The new personnel credentialing program, CHS I–III, certifies individuals with the same set of competencies as the original stand-alone levels: research, training, program implementation, assessment, preparedness, mitigation, and planning. CHS I– III combines the content of the three un-proctored exams previously required into one (150-question), proctored exam. ABCHS is in the final stages of the NCCA application process for the accreditation of CHS I–III.
877.219.2519
www.abchs.com
homeland security relating to each of these programs. Beta versions of these tests, a process required for test validation, will be available soon.
ABCHS is moving quickly to align all of these personnel credentialing programs with credentialing industry best practices. Be watching the website, www.abchs.com, for upto-date information on our progress. We will also be posting more information about beta tests as they become available. We appreciate your help in completing beta tests quickly.
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The Homeland Security Benchmark for Excellence By John J. Sullivan, Jr., PhD, CNTA, CHS-V For Inside Homeland Security®
I was recently asked, “What sort of certifications are available in homeland security? Are there such things as ‘grandfathering’ provisions? With all of my experience, I am not interested in taking tests.” I can genuinely appreciate my colleague’s interest in attaining homeland security certification, and as I formulated my response, I realized how many of our readers might have the same questions. Professional certification is a distinctive recognition of your training, education, and expertise in a particular field of practice within the broad arena known as homeland security. Additionally, I fully understand your interest in attaining certification without taking tests because often, our careers have been entirely devoted to the demanding requirements of public safety. Many homeland security practitioners have been “taking tests,” both written and practical, throughout their professional careers. Nonetheless, certifications in every profession are driven by multiple forces, but most frequently certifications are driven by the need for the development and practice of what I call “benchmarks of excellence.” These benchmarks are not unique to public safety, but rather exist in almost any profession dedicated to service. We often think about Board Certification when we seek a physician, a lawyer, or an accountant. Individuals who can directly impact the quality of our lives. We find ourselves placing more value in the professional who has chosen the peer review process of accountability because in these selections our life, our freedom, or our economic well-being is at stake. The same can be said for those of us in public service; increasingly the public has higher expectations for those who serve them, and that includes those of us who have chosen public safety as our profession. Why? Because our collective actions relative to strategic planning, response, recovery, and rebuilding not only play a role in one life, but multiple lives, and even entire communities.
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Certifications have expanded in many professions such as home building, pest control, alarm services, and computer services, to name a few. As more and more career fields transition from the vocational or occupational status to professional status, the public’s desire is to look for and even demand peer reviewed benchmarks for service excellence because quality of service is a concern. In public safety, more and more communities are seeking a cadre of trained professionals to be available and to come together and quickly cope with and mitigate critical incidents in their jurisdiction. The public, especially since the events of September 11, 2001, is asking for reassurance that their community is being served by individuals who subscribe to ongoing education and training among like-minded professionals. In simple terms, communities seek to know that there is a consensus through peer recognition that agencies can work together efficiently and effectively for the common good. Among the contributing career fields (fire service, law enforcement, emergency management, forensic science, cyber technology, energy distribution, and countless more) that are called on during a critical incident, it is increasingly important that all collaborating professionals demonstrate not only the legacy knowledge garnered through years of practical experience and training, but also a unified commitment to expanding the field and scope of knowledge in their area of expertise through continuing professional education. Does professional certification in homeland security guarantee high performance in every single incident? No, it will never guarantee performance, but it does set benchmarks in place that are realistic, time tested, and relative to the current practice of our given professions. The “after action report” will always be our introduction to lessons learned, and a launching pad for us to better perfect our practices. The reality in today’s world is that the body of knowledge in each career field is changing each and every day, and with the advances in technology, we have tremendous capabilities and responsibilities to share and exchange information that ultimately enables us to serve the public more effectively.
John J. Sullivan, Jr. PhD, CNTA, CHS-V President
American Board for Certification in Homeland Security (ABCHS)
www.abchs.com
877.219.2519
“What we need is a professional environment of understanding where the years of experience and the countless hours of training have culminated in a well-rounded subject matter expert who joins in with other professionals to bring agreed upon actionable standards that meet or exceed our ‘benchmarks for excellence.’” Professional certification in homeland security is more than just taking tests to show that we have the knowledge in our heads, but rather it is a unified commitment to collaborating with a diverse group of like-minded professionals who share a common interest: serving the public during a crisis. We do that through first recognizing that each profession and each community has commonalities while also understanding that each profession and community also has unique characteristics that may affect the way we respond to a crisis. By sharing those differences in approach, applying accepted practices in each field, and then understanding potential solutions to the crisis in that environment, we become better educated and more open to an ongoing evolution of response that can genuinely be referred to as “state of the art.” The last thing any of us want or need is “just another test.” What we need is a professional environment of understanding where the years of experience and the countless hours of training have culminated in a well-rounded subject matter expert who joins in with other professionals to bring agreed upon actionable standards that meet or exceed our “benchmarks for excellence.” The publicly recognized validation of years of experience and the recognition to those who serve and who pledge to keep learning is just a plus when a professional receives board certification. The CHS-V program with the American Board for Certification in Homeland Security recently sought and attained their own brand of certification, more accurately called accreditation, through the Institute for Credentialing Excellence, or ICE. The National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA), the accrediting body of ICE, is dedicated to ensuring the health, welfare, and safety of the public through the accreditation of various certification programs that assess professional competence. Imagine a certification program that sought external peer review accreditation! It was important to us because we wanted our membership to know that the NCCA standards require demonstration of a valid and reliable process for development, implementation, maintenance, and governance of certification programs like the CHS program.
The NCCA uses a rigorous peer review process to establish accreditation standards, evaluate compliance with the standards, recognize organizations/programs that demonstrate compliance, and serve as a resource on quality certification. Certification organizations that submit their programs for accreditation are evaluated based on the process and products, not the content. Therefore, the standards are applicable to all professions and industries. Program content validity is demonstrated with a comprehensive job analysis conducted and analyzed by experts, with data gathered from stakeholders in the occupation or industry. The NCCA standards are comprehensive and cover all aspects of the certification program(s), including administration, assessment development, and recertification. NCCA standards are consistent with The Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (AERA, APA, & NCME, 1999) and are applicable to all professions and industries. NCCA accredited programs certify individuals in a wide range of professions and occupations including nurses, automotive professionals, respiratory therapists, counselors, emergency technicians, crane operators, and more. To date, NCCA has accredited approximately 300 programs from more than 120 organizations. For those of us in the ABCHS, seeking NCCA accreditation was a conscious decision in reaching for professional excellence, and now it is one of the benchmarks we use in a professional environment that recognizes experience while simultaneously challenging each and every member to continue learning through study, exchange of information and processes, and collaboration among the service professions dedicated to the homeland security mission. Yes, we may have to take a test or two, but more importantly, we must always remember that we are a community of professionals, and as such we are committed to serving in ways that reduce risk, mitigate hazards, and ultimately save lives. At the end of the day, we all got into the helping professions to make a difference. Is there any better legacy than certification to demonstrate that the methods we build today will set the foundation for those who follow us? Food for thought…
“…certifications in every profession are driven by multiple forces, but most frequently certifications are driven by the need for the development and practice of what I call ‘benchmarks of excellence.’”
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NEWS Homeland HomelandSecurity Security
Do you know this man? HSI asks possible victims of a sexual predator to come forward to law enforcement NEW YORK – A New Jersey man, posing as a business owner, was indicted…in federal court in New Jersey for engaging in sexual activity with two minors and possession of child pornography. This indictment comes as a result of an extensive investigation by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement’s (ICE) Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) and the New York City Police Department (NYPD). Gregory John Schaffer, aka John Archambeault, 34, was charged with production and possession of child pornography. Today’s indictment follows Schaffer’s June 2012 arrest and indictment in the Eastern District of New York for enticement and coercion of a minor to engage in illegal sexual activity. “The defendant, Gregory John Schaffer, has been alleged to be a sexual predator and has been indicted in New York and New Jersey on charges of child exploitation. We believe there are more victims in the metropolitan area and we ask that they come forward,” said James T. Hayes Jr., special agent in charge of HSI New York. “The widespread availability of the Internet has facilitated predators who seek to prey on our children. These indictments underscore HSI’s commitment to work with our law enforcement partners to seek out individuals who use technology in an effort to sexually exploit innocent children.” According to court documents from the Eastern District of New York, in March 2012 Schaffer allegedly answered a craigslist posting by another victim, a female, who was seeking afterschool and weekend employment. Schaffer lied and told this victim via email that he owned several businesses at the Newport Mall in Jersey City, N.J., and was looking for part time help in these stores. Schaffer requested information from the victim as part of the “application process,” to include her age, what type of work she was interested in doing, her plans for college and requested a photograph for “security purposes.” HSI special agents executed a search warrant of Schaffer’s office and recovered: a laptop computer, video camera, large computer monitor, condoms, sex paraphernalia, employment applications, computer printed photographs of teenage girls wearing bathing suits or naked and a document titled, “Sex Contract.” HSI is urging anyone who may have further information—or has had contact with Schaffer—to come forward and contact HSI New York at 646-313-4380. This story has been condensed. To view the story in its’ entirety, visit: http://www.ice.gov/news/releases/1303/130313newyork.htm.
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USCIS: Protecting victims of human trafficking
Safe Online Surfing
New Cyber Safety Website for Teachers, Students
Human trafficking exists today in every country and in every state in our nation. It exists in cities, suburbs, and rural areas—hidden in plain sight. Traffickers often lure victims with false promises of a better life only to exploit them through forced labor or commercial sex. At U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, we contribute to the Department of Homeland Security’s effort to combat human trafficking by providing immigration relief for victims. USCIS helps protect victims by offering visas for them to stay legally in the United States while assisting law enforcement in the investigation or prosecution of the trafficker. [The video on the website listed below] shares the stories of two human trafficking victims who were able to rebuild their lives because of this form of immigration relief. From 2000 to 2012, USCIS processed and approved more than 3,000 T visa applications for victims of human trafficking, and we have seen an increase in the number of these applications in recent years. But we still need your help reaching victims who often are too afraid
to step forward and ask for help. To learn more about immigration relief for victims and how to assist victims and law enforcement, please visit our website. For law enforcement entities or service providers seeking information about training on the forms of immigration relief offered to victims of human trafficking, domestic violence, and other crimes, or to register for upcoming community training sessions, please email T-UVAWATraining@dhs.gov. You can also learn more through the Department of Homeland Security’s Blue Campaign. The Blue Campaign unites DHS’s efforts to combat human trafficking through enhanced public awareness, training, victim assistance, and law enforcement investigations. If you suspect human trafficking, call the Homeland Security Tip Line at 866-DHS-2-ICE or complete our online tip form. We urge you to join our effort to combat human trafficking. http://www.dhs.gov/blog/2013/01/18/uscisprotecting-victims-human-trafficking
visit THE NEWLY REVAMPED FBI SAFE ONLINE SURFING WEBSITE AT: >>>>>>>> The FBI SOS site highlights cyber security through games, videos, and other interactive features. 877.219.2519
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ith school back in session, one topic that’s on many class curriculums around the nation is cyber safety. After all, it’s a hyper-connected world—with texting, social networking, e-mail, online gaming, chat, music downloading, web surfing, and other forms of wired and wireless communication now a regular part of children’s lives. The FBI has a new program that can help. Today, as part of its longstanding crime prevention and public outreach efforts, the FBI is announcing a free web-based initiative designed to help teachers educate students about cyber safety. It’s called the FBI-SOS (Safe Online Surfing) Internet Challenge—and it was developed with the assistance of the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children and with the input of teachers and schools. FBI-SOS is available through a newly revamped website at https://sos.fbi.gov. The site features six grade-specific “islands”—for third- through eighth-grade students—highlighting various aspects of cyber security through games, videos, and other interactive features. Each island has either seven or eight areas to explore—with a specific cyber safety lesson—and its own central character and visual theme. For example, fourth grade features Ice Island, complete with falling snow and penguins. “FBI-SOS is a fun, free, and effective way to teach kids how to use the Internet safely and responsibly,” says Scott McMillion, head of the unit that manages the program in the FBI’s Criminal Investigative Division. “We encourage teachers to check out the site and sign up their classes during the school year.” This story has been condensed. To view the story in its’ entirety, visit: http://www.fbi.gov/news/ stories/2012/october/new-cyber-safety-website-forteachers-students/new-cyber-safety-website-forteachers-students.
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The Cyril h. WeChT insTiTuTe of forensiC sCienCe and laW
13Th annual ConferenCe
Passing the torch
An InternAtIonAl SympoSIum on the 50th AnnIverSAry of the ASSASSInAtIon of preSIdent John f. Kennedy
october 17-19, 2013 Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA
As the JfK assassination and many of its witnesses, investigators and researchers begin to recede into history, this symposium will educate students, teachers, professionals and the general public alike about one of the most impactful homicides of 20th century American history, and why it still matters today. on the occasion of that crime’s 50th anniversary, the Institute will convene many of the leading scientific, legal and investigative experts on the murder case that has fascinated and perplexed us ever since. for more information or to be added to the Institute’s email list, contact us at 412.396.1330 or wechtinstitute@duq.edu.
further information and registration is available at www.duq.edu/jfk ABCHS MEMBERS: A 20% discount applies to all members who complete and submit a paper registration form for this conference. As an added bonus, arrangements are being made for a special, member-only session with Dr. Cyril Wecht. Reserve your space today.
Member spotlight
Thomas
Givens
ABCHS Board Vice President
DABCHS, CHS-V, CMI
What is your homeland security background? I am a Regional Vice President of a privately held national security firm based in Atlanta, Georgia where I am responsible for operational and financial growth. I provide leadership and direction to management within my respective region. I earned my criminal justice degree from Austin Peay State University. After graduation, I served 14 years in the military and received several distinguished decorations and citations. I also served in Desert Shield/Desert Storm and Iraqi Freedom. I have been in the contract security industry for over 15 years and have held multiple senior level management positions. I am a member of the American Board for Certification in Homeland Security and a CHS-V within the organization. I am also a member of the GA Army National Guard DOD GSDF on Homeland Defense Force, ASIS, National Association of Chiefs of Police, BOMA, and I am also certified as a Peace Officer in the state of Georgia.
will attract more security and law enforcement professionals who want be a part of a growing organization and obtain professional development, as well as be a part of a great organization that will assist them in their everyday duties. Congratulations on your appointment to Vice President of ABCHS. What would you like to see happen within the organization? I would like to see ABCHS continue to grow and become the best organization in homeland security for private and government professionals whose main objective is to protect our homefront.
What advice would you give to people considering membership in ABCHS? I would advise anyone in the security, military, disaster response, or law enforcement field who is considering joining ABCHS that it would be very benefi cial to their professional as well as personal How long have you been a member of ABCHS? growth and development. I have grown professionally because my What made you decide to join? membership in ABCHS has afforded me the opportunity to learn I have been a member since 2003. I wanted to be a part of an or- from other professionals who share my passion for the security ganization that cares about the American homeland and one that and defense of our homeland. Joining ABCHS has allowed me brings homeland security professionals together from all areas to to meet so many other professionals in various fields that I would share ideas on a better America. not otherwise have had the chance to meet. I have established personal friendships with many other members and look forward to Do you feel with the recent NCCA accreditation for CHS-V seeing them every year at the National Conference. So if they are we will become more recognized as an association? If so, how? looking for growth in an great organization and professional deYes, I strongly believe that by obtaining the ICE accreditation, it velopment, as well as accreditation, then definitely join ABCHS. 877.219.2519
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Member spotlight
Steven
Crimando new ABCHS Board member
DABCHS, CHS-V
Congratulations on your appointment to the ABCHS board. What would you like to see happen within the organization? The field of homeland security is still very young. Much needs to be done to continue to professionalize the field and explore ways What is your homeland security background? to support career development for those who choose this path. For the past 25 years I have worked in the areas of mental health Expanding training and career development programs is at the and behavioral sciences that overlap with law enforcement, crimi- top of my list. nal justice, and emergency management; all that are now part of our national homeland security structure. This includes helping Do you feel that with the recent NCCA accreditation for to develop New Jersey’s disaster and terrorism behavioral health CHS-V we will become more recognized as an association? response system, the NJ Critical Incident Stress Management If so, how? Network, and other programs, but also being a responder and As I travel in my work, I come across more and more professionals coordinator of psychological support programs at Ground Zero, with some level of CHS certification. Organically, the CHS crethe Anthrax Screening Center in Trenton, NJ, the first World dentials are becoming more recognized and more sought after by Trade Center attack in 1993, and working with victims of the individuals and organizations who wish to employ them. External Unabomber attacks. validation by agencies such as ICE only help further advance the CHS credentials as valuable to both the individual and the field. How long have you been a member of ABCHS? What made you decide to join? What advice would you give to people considering I was an early adopter and joined the ABCHS during its’ first year membership in ABCHS? of operation (2003). Although all of the different disciplines that As someone with 25 years experience in homeland securitynow make up the field of homeland security existed long before related work, I would encourage anyone currently working in the 9/11 attacks, the formation of the Department of Homeland the field or considering a career in a homeland security posiSecurity and the advent of homeland security as a distinct field tion to pursue the highest level of CHS certification they can seemed to call for a way to structure careers in homeland secu- achieve. There are great networking and career development rity through training and certification. I wanted to help support opportunities by way of contact with other homeland security that effort by both joining and persuing certification, but also by professionals, great learning opportunities, and a way to give participating as a leader in several divisions, speaking at the con- back by helping the field itself become more professional and ferences and summits, and now by serving on the board. sustainable in an ever-changing environment. 18
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CE A r t i c l e : 1 CE c r e d i t
Psychological Aspects of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and High-Yield Explosives (CBRNE)
Incapacitating agents work by altering a person’s mental status, and certain chemical weapons alter brain function producing psychological changes.
By Gyula Bokor, MD and Peter D. Anderson, PharmD, BCPP
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frontal lobe amygdala
Abstract occipital lobe
cerebellum
The risk of a terrorist attack involving chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, or high-yield explosives (CBRNE) is a worldwide concern. CBRNE weapons have the potential to cause a wide variety of physical effects, but they can cause psychological effects as well. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety disorders can all result from a CBRNE event, and the ‘worried well’ (individuals who were not exposed but present themselves as exposure victims) makes dealing with the problem of multiple casualties much harder. Incapacitating agents work by altering a person’s mental status, and certain chemical weapons alter brain function producing psychological changes. When it comes to CBRNE events, it is imperative that homeland security professionals consider mental health. Learning Objectives: 1. Describe the properties of CBRNE agents that can contribute to psychological stress. 2. Describe the clinical presentation and pathophysiology of PTSD.
medulla
3. Name risk factors for developing PTSD.
hippocampus
Keywords: CBRNE, PTSD, psychology, disasters Target Audience: First responders, military personnel, medical and mental health professionals, homeland security professionals Disclosure: The authors have nothing to disclose.
hypothalamus thalamus
Program Level: Intermediate Advanced Preparation: None Financial Disclosure: None
In order to receive credit for the article, please go to http://www.abchs.com/IHSSU0113 and look for course code IHSSU0113 to take the exam and complete the evaluation. If you have special needs that prevent you from taking the exam online, please contact the registrar at 877.219.2519. This article is approved by the following for 1 continuing education credit: The American Board for Certification in Homeland Security, CHS® provides this continuing education opportunity for those individuals Certified in Homeland Security, who are required to obtain 30 Certification Maintenance Unit’s (CMU) per 3-year recertification cycle.
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April 17, 2013 at the police barricade at Boylston and Berkeley Street in Boston, approximately two blocks from where the first bomb exploded. It has not yet been determined whether or not the pressure cooker bombs used at the marathon are indeed considered high-yield explosives (Photo Credit: Heidi Morgans).
Psychological Aspects of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and High-Yield Explosives
isasters, in this context, physical harm, CBRNE agents have the refers to natural disasters, potential to produce severe psychologiaccidents, and intentional cal effects. The psychological aspects of disasters. Natural disasters are CBRNE agents affect victims, responders, phenomenon like hurricanes, tidal waves, and even the general public as a whole. blizzards, earthquakes, tornadoes, and floods. The psychological effects resulting from Accidents include airplane crashes, major terrorism can be more severe, more comtrain derailments, large industrial accidents, plex, and last longer in duration than the and dam collapses. Intentional disasters are psychological effects resulting from uninacts of terrorism, which the Federal Bu- tentional disasters (Flynn and Norwood, reau of Investigation (2002) defines as “the 2004). Any act of terrorism has the potenunlawful use of force and violence against tial to cause fear, but CBRNE agents may persons or property to intimidate or coerce a be especially terrifying because they act in government, the civilian population, or any strange and prolonged ways, and because in segment thereof, in furtherance of political addition to the fear that victims deal with, or social objectives.” By this definition, the they must deal with the effects of innate goal of terrorism is to create fear, or, in other properties of certain CBRNE agents, such words, a psychological reaction. One could as ionizing radiation, which is invisible argue that the primary goal of terrorism is to and lacks an odor (Hyams, 2002). Ionizing produce psychological distress. radiation, some biological weapons, and Terrorist weapons can be chemical, bio- certain chemical agents impact the nervous logical, radiological, nuclear, or enhanced system. Troublingly, however, many of the high-yield explosives (CBRNE). These long-term effects of CBRNE agents are weapons possess a variety of components unknown, and many CBRNE agents prothat can be harmful to physical health, duce symptoms that mimic those of natural or even deadly. In addition to causing diseases. The early clinical manifestations 877.219.2519
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of inhalational anthrax resemble influenza; radiation exposure produces nausea and vomiting, which resembles countless conditions; nerve agents cause nasal congestion and watery eyes. To the layperson, any of these symptoms could be confused with common colds or allergies. Other dermal agents, however, generate unsightly lesions. Smallpox can cause disfigurement and deformity, cutaneous anthrax produces necrotic ulcers, and septicemic plague causes purpuric lesions. Vesicants induce blisters. Sulfur mustard and lewisite cause severe burns. Potentially incapacitating agents, such as anticholinergics and lysergic acid diethylamide, even work by altering mental status (Anderson, 2012). Many chemical and biological weapons cause respiratory problems. All of these effects add to the horror of the attack itself. Victims experience a number of emotional, cognitive, behavioral, physiological, and spiritual reactions during and after disasters as well. These reactions do not necessarily represent a disease state, but should be considered natural responses to abnormal events. In susceptible individuals, mental illness like PSTD or depression and anxiety disorders can all result from experiencing a disaster. It is crucial that governments consider behavioral health issues when managing CBRNE events, but they do not always do so: an informal survey in 2002 indicated that state governments from representative regions of the country did not incorporate mental health into their overall response plans to bioterrorism (Hall). Summer 2013
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New York City firefighters work near the area known as Ground Zero after the collapse of the Twin Towers September 11, 2001 in New York City (Photo Credit: Anthony Correia / Shutterstock.com).
Workers search through the debris at Ground Zero World Trade Centre on September 20, 2001 in New York (Photo Credit: Larry Bruce / Shutterstock.com).
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder The main feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the development of certain symptoms following exposure to an extreme traumatic event involving the direct and personal experience of the threatened death of one’s self; witnessing an event that involves death, injury, or threat to the physical integrity of another person; or learning about an unexpected or violent death, serious harm, or injury, or threat of death experienced by a family member or other close associate (American Psychiatric Association, 2004). In order to be considered a sufferer of PTSD, an individual’s response to the event must involve intense fear, helplessness, or horror. The characteristic symptoms must include persistent re-experiencing of the traumatic event, persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the index event, and a persistent increase in arousal. Traumatic events that can cause PTSD include military combat, armed robbery, sexual assault, being held hostage, or experiencing a natural disaster, automobile accident, or terrorist attack. Individuals with PTSD may constantly re-experience their trauma in Many researchers have studied the attacks on the World Trade different ways, like intrusive thoughts or distressing dreams. This Center on September 11, 2001. In 2007, Perrin reported findre-experiencing can be brought about by triggers, which can be ings of the rates of PTSD in responders: the rates of PTSD were news articles, films, certain sounds, physical locations, weather 8.3% in police; 17.4% in firefighters; 14.1% for medical personconditions, anniversary dates, etc. Features of increased arousal nel; 21.1% for construction and engineering workers; 9.1% for include anger, insomnia, irritability, hypervigilance, and an ex- members of volunteer organizations; and 24.5% for unaffiliated aggerated startle response. People suffering from PTSD can also volunteers. The Port Authority of New York and the New Jersey have brief dissociative states, where they relive certain parts of the Police Department (PAPD) lost 37 officers out of a force of 1,600. traumatic event. The symptoms must last more than one month The New York City Police Department (NYPD) lost 23 officers in order to meet the diagnostic criteria for PTSD, and symptoms out of a force of 37,838. The rates of PTSD in PAPD to NYPD lasting less than one month are considered to be acute stress disor- were not compared. Intuitively, one would expect a higher rate of der by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, PTSD in PAPD over the NYPD officers, and the rate of PTSD 4th edition (DSM-IV) (American Psychiatric Association, 2004) in firefighters was twice that of police officers. Several factors may Areas of the brain involved in the pathophysiology of PTSD have contributed to this outcome. Firstly, more firefighters than include the hippocampus, amygdala, frontal lobe, and the hy- police officers were killed. Fatalities in the Fire Department of pothalamus-pituitary adrenal axis. Neurotransmitters related to New York include 341 firefighters and two paramedics out of a PTSD include norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, GABA, and force of 11,400. Also, police officers carry weapons as part of their glutamate. Risk factors for PTSD include genetic factors, female official duties, whereas firefighters do not (with the exception of gender, prior trauma, and physical injury (Sherin and Memer- fire marshals). This is one reason police officers go through more off, 2011). The estimated lifetime prevalence of PTSD is 7.8% thorough psychological screenings than firefighters do, which (Kessler, Sonnega, et. al 1995). PTSD is not the only psychiatric may account for their different responses. The high incidence of disorder that can result from a traumatic event— depression and PTSD in construction and engineering professionals is likely due anxiety disorders can result, as well. to the fact that such workers are neither experienced in nor trained
Enhanced High-YIeld Explosives: The World Trade Center and The Oklahoma City Bombing
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The estimated lifetime prevalence of PTSD is
Explosives
7.8% Oklahoma City National Memorial Wall Message left by the Oklahoma Bomb Disposal Unit Team Five, who assisted in the rescue. This message is scrawled on the side of the Journal Record Building, now the National Memorial Museum (Photo Credit: Stephanie Lindberg).
to deal with disasters. The highest rates of PTSD were among unaffiliated volunteers, which may have been the result of a lack of organizational and social supports. The biggest risk factor for developing PTSD after direct and personal experience with 9/11 was having been physically injured. Boscarino and Adams (2009) published findings of another study involving the World Trade Center. They revealed that risk factors for developing PTSD include female gender, a previous history of trauma, mixed handedness, and even being Latino. North and colleagues reported findings on psychiatric disorders related to the Oklahoma City Bombing (1999). The sample consisted of 182 people from a registry established by the Oklahoma State Department of Health. This registry contained 1,092 names of survivors directly exposed to the blast; those who had been exposed through search and 877.219.2519
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rescue efforts, clean-up operations, or by bereavement alone were not included in the study. Study subjects underwent an interview based on criteria for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised Third Edition. The interviews were conducted about six months after the disaster. The findings revealed that the overall rate of PTSD among those interviewed was 34.3%. The rate was higher for women (55%) than men (34%). The rate of major depression was 22.5%, and the rate of generalized anxiety disorder was 4.4%. The two most frequent symptoms of PTSD were difficulty concentrating and an exaggerated startle response. Both of these are considered hyperarousal symptoms. Predictors for developing PTSD included having been injured, pre-existing psychiatric diagnosis, female gender, or having had a friend or family member who had been injured or killed. Summer 2013
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interview
By Ed Peaco For Inside Homeland Security
with Jane Cage
Citizen Driven Recovery
...I got a sick, almost panicked feeling as we looked around.
DHS award honors civic leader Jane Cage and the people of Joplin for their efforts to create a vision for the city’s future after the devastation of the May 2011 tornado. 38
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On the morning after the strike of a massive EF-5 tornado, Jane Cage of Joplin, Missouri, helped clear debris and board up windows at a friend’s house. Then they headed to another side of town to help church members who had a downed tree blocking their garage door. “When we headed in that direction, I got my first real look at the incredible devastation,” Ms. Cage said. “I will never forget driving down Joplin Street in the pouring rain with debris everywhere I looked. By the time we got close to the high school where the couple lived, we started to get lost. I got a sick, almost panicked feeling as we looked around.” www.abchs.com
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FEMA’s Emergency Support Function 14 (ESF-14), which falls under Castaner’s purview in the Long Term Community Recovery Group (LTCR), which he heads. “FEMA tries to lead by nudging from the rear rather than pulling you forward,” Ms. Cage said. “They want citizens to take the lead in recovery.” In a separate interview, Castaner said FEMA tries to inform a community about their options and opportunities for disaster recovery. Such resources include the support and experience of FEMA, assistance from other government agencies, and the perspectives from other communities that have encountered similar trauma and loss. “Sometimes you can find opportunities in something catastrophic and find ways of using disaster The tornado of May 22, 2011, left to move a community forward and address those issues for the 161 people dead and approximately better,” Castaner said. “That honors some of those losses in 1,000 others injured... disasters by taking those opportunities and making the community better for the future.” For the groundswell of citizen response City officials recognized that for resithat led to a comprehensive redevelopment plan, in December 2012 Secretary dents to accept a redevelopment plan, it of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano had to come from the community, parhonored Ms. Cage and the people of Joplin ticularly in one characterized by a healthy with the first Rick Rescorla National Award skepticism toward government, said Troy for Resilience. The honor recognizes leader- Bolander, Manager of Planning and Comship in preparation, response, and recovery munity Development. “We truly wanted it to be a citizen-drivin the face of disasters, and it commemorates Rescorla’s work on 9/11. He led an en process. In fact, you won’t find any city evacuation of 2,700 Morgan Stanley em- representatives as chair or members of the ployees from the South Tower of the World executive committee,” Bolander said. “To Trade Center, saving the lives of many of his have buy-in for a plan, we knew it had to be a citizen plan, not the city’s plan.” coworkers but losing his own. The plan would be bold and far-reachIn an interview with Inside Homeland Security, Ms. Cage discussed the ongoing ing. The city had become a blank slate The tornado of May 22, 2011, left recovery process in terms of engagement, upon which a new vision could be realized. 161 people dead and approximately process, progress, and patience. 1,000 others injured in its west-to-east Beyond response: recovery path across the city south of downtown, Out of disaster, an One way to express the phases of emerdamaging or destroying roughly 7,500 gency management would be mitigation, houses and displacing more than 9,000 exciting opportunity preparedness, response, and recovery. In people. Among the buildings destroyed On the day after the disaster, Joplin City this model, it’s easy to miss distinctions were the public high school, a Walmart, Manager Mark Rohr charged city planners between response and recovery, and to a Home Depot, a Cummins Warehouse, to start preparing for the redevelopment limit the scope of recovery, Ms. Cage said. and one of the city’s two major hospi- of the city. Steve Castaner of the Fed- Response is about immediate needs, and tals—St. John’s Regional Medical Center, eral Emergency Management Agency recovery calls for a plan for many years for which Ms. Cage had once served as (FEMA), who arrived one week after the into the future, she said. Chair of the Board of Trustees. tornado, encouraged local officials to form “For so many people, recovery is just Ms. Cage, COO of Heartland Tech- a citizen’s group to create a vision for the those first few months when suddenly the nology Solutions in Joplin and an active city. Together the officials chose as a guide stop lights are all back up, and everyone has Jane Cage, Chair of the Citizens Advisory Recovery Team. Ed Peaco/For Inside Homeland Security
participant in civic affairs, had volunteered to help after disasters in other cities. “I never thought that I could leave my house and drive 10 minutes and be in the same situation. It never occurred to me that I could ever help here, where I live—ever.” Like most people in Joplin, she spent the ensuing weeks responding to the disaster. With her own home and business intact, she helped friends salvage items from their homes and move debris to the curb. Ms. Cage then turned her attention from response to recovery. Within a few weeks, she stepped forth to lead the Citizens Advisory Recovery Team (CART), a group that would gather the full spectrum of residents to decide what Joplin would become.
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Troy Bolander, Joplin Manager of Planning and Community Development. Photo provided by City of Joplin.
water, and there’s electricity that runs all the way across town, and cable is restored,” she said. “But that’s really not recovery. It certainly is the immediate response, but there’s a lot more to recovery.” Castaner gave her a “self-help guide” for proceeding with ESF-14, titled the Long-Term Community Recovery Toolbox, a manual of 80+ pages for recovering from a disaster. The guide outlines how it can help a community manage its recovery: • Articulate a post-disaster community vision. • Identify disaster-related projects to achieve the vision. • Identify opportunities that become possible through recovery. • Facilitate partnerships to coordinate and optimize resources. The manual prescribes a process for recovery in five stages: • Assessment • Vision • Goals • Projects • Implementation The Toolbox includes a “decision-making tool” that helps in developing projects by identifying ideas, ongoing efforts, and gaps where work can be done. Ms. Cage said the manual helped her more fully understand the value of FEMA’s presence in Joplin: “For the people that [disaster] happens to, it’s the first time for them, ever. For FEMA, it’s another experience. And even though they’ll tell you that all disasters are local, there are some similarities that you 40
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Steve Castaner, FEMA Long-Term Community Recovery. Photo submitted by Steve Castaner.
can pull, in terms of recovery. So once FEMA worked with me and I read that self-help guide, I understood the process that we were supposed to follow. It gave me a framework to work from, and once we had the framework, it was a lot easier to make progress.” From the beginning of the CART’s work, Ms. Cage encouraged citizens to take the long-term view of recovery. They responded with ideas that ranged from storm shelters and buried utilities to greenways and neighborhood villages. The CART proceeded with no budget and no staff. However, FEMA personnel provided guidance and administrative support. The process unfolded in three community meetings in summer and autumn of 2011: July 12: Approximately 350 people came out to brainstorm needs and vision, jotting ideas on more than 1,000 sticky notes that were compiled into a 50-page PDF. August 16: Citizens made recommendations about recovery priorities. The ideas on the sticky notes were organized into five categories: • economic development • schools and community facilities • housing and neighborhoods • infrastructure and environment • post-disaster community vision FEMA personnel devised five stations, one for each category, with ideas displayed on boards. Participants indicated their preferences by placing colored dots next to ideas they supported. The prevailing ideas were
organized in a 14-page booklet, and CART board members divided into committees dedicated to the first four categories above. “As soon as we started to develop some themes, a lot of people wanted to hop right to the action item. FEMA said we needed to develop a vision statement first,” Ms. Cage said. She asked CART colleagues for input and worked with an LTCR official to craft a vision. The CART issued the statement in early September: “Joplin will set the standard for disaster recovery by its can-do attitude. We will be recognized as a city that encourages green alternatives and healthy lifestyles. Through faith and hard work, we will be known for our vibrant business community, our commitment to innovative education and neighborhoods that meet the needs of all our citizens.” The vision statement turned out to be an essential piece of the redevelopment effort, the bellwether by which the community can measure progress, Ms. Cage said. Later in September, CART sector group members met at a workshop led by LTCR to envision projects that could act as a catalyst for recovery. As part of the analysis, members had to consider what resources were available to meet a certain need or goal, and determine whether some system was already fulfilling that function. This “decision tool” was one of the more difficult parts of the process to think through, Ms. Cage said. October 13 –14: A team of 60 architects, landscape designers, and other planning professionals visited Joplin for a design charrette—a community enterprise to translate the ideas into visual forms. Having read the second CART booklet, they toured the city to gain a better understanding of the redevelopment effort, and then they sketched. The team emphasized avoiding sprawl, promoting sustainability, and coordinating the city’s sectors. At the end of the first day, they invited residents to look at the plans, and the professionals revised their work in light of the feedback. www.abchs.com
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We invited federal, state, and local agencies to come to Joplin and sit in the room together at once.
“Between the first day and the second day, the concepts changed as they listened to what people said. Main Street took over a larger role in redevelopment. It was interesting to watch that happen as they listened,” Ms. Cage said. Projects emerged from the charrette, and, in November, the CART submitted a report with recommendations to the Joplin City Council. In January 2012, the Joplin City Council, along with the Joplin School Board, the Joplin Chamber of Commerce Board, the CART Board, and the Board of Aldermen of the adjacent city of Duquesne, approved Listening to Joplin, an implementation plan for next steps, calling for building more resilient schools, strengthening standards for home construction, and creating shared storm shelters. The city began to execute the plan, setting development standards for major corridors in March, approving a master plan, and hiring a master developer in July 2012.
Planning for recovery before a disaster hits While the people of Joplin were working on their vision of recovery, FEMA was preparing to roll out a new guide for helping states and local governments recover from disasters. Among its functions, the National Disaster Recovery Framework (NDRF) encourages communities to engage in planning and capacity building so that leaders can make plans before a disaster happens. The program helps communities make connections with people and resources among federal agencies, and it emphasizes that all members of the community should be involved in emergency management. Jane Cage participated in the FEMA Region VII rollout of the NDRF in June 2012. In a FEMA video from that event, she said that the NDRF would accelerate the recovery process by helping communities facing disaster start recovery earlier. The Joplin community and FEMA officials used NDRF concepts during the city’s recovery by regularly discussing how other federal agencies could help in the effort, she said. The concepts were at work as the CART prepared to issue its recommendations in January 2012. The day before presenting the plan, the CART held a recovery forum. “We invited federal, state, and local agencies to come to Joplin and sit in the room together at once. Steve [Castaner] helped do the orchestration on this piece. Then the CART presented, and all the agencies listened to figure out how they might be able to help. That was maybe one of the best examples of how the NDRF maybe worked for us — after the fact.” — Ed Peaco for Inside Homeland Security
Why the CART worked Ms. Cage identified several ways that the CART can be a model for other cities. First, getting input from all sectors of the community enhanced the credibility of the process. Beyond scheduling public meetings, people from the CART talked to students at Missouri Southern State University in Joplin and visited people living in temporary housing units. “We needed to hear from everybody, not just people who were interested in civic activities,” she said. In addition, earning the support of all groups was essential throughout the process. Setting the CART apart from the city administration helped encourage citizens to participate, and the unified front of all stakeholders before the City Council 877.219.2519
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in January 2012 enhanced the plan’s authority. “It was important, that night, for every group to stand together and say, ‘We agree that these ideas become the basis for recovery,’ ” she said. “Because it sent a strong message out to everybody that we all agreed on the starting point.” Furthermore, Ms. Cage, as the Chair, had no vested interest in any aspect of the process. Although she had been active in civic affairs for many years, she happened to not have any commitments at the time the tornado hit.
We may have our ideas on how things should redevelop or recover, but you don’t truly know until you get that direction from your citizens. Operationally, the CART was able to bring together various entities to help leaders, who were highly stressed and working exhaustively on response efforts, to understand how others were working. While these leaders were running fast in their own separate lanes, CART meetings allowed them to look side to side, Ms. Cage said. The nature of the CART was to be inclusive. Without a budget, it could entertain any and all ideas, regardless of expense. “Our job wasn’t to put a dollar amount on anything,” she said. “Our job was just to dream what it could be, and then work from there.” However, not all ideas reached the report. For example, safe rooms in schools became part of the plan, but a proposal to bury utility lines was left out due to the prohibitive expense. Ms. Cage acknowledged that implementing the recovery projects entails tough spending decisions, requiring leaders to put the good of the citizens ahead of any individual entity. The CART’s independence has been crucial, she said: “I think CART answers to the citizens. I don’t think it answers to the city manager or to the Chamber or to FEMA. It’s an independent organization that’s loosely held—with no bylaws, no budget, no staff. It’s just a group of us that have gotten together—and probably the fact that sometimes I’m strong-willed and stubborn 42
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(laughs) has made the process continue.” Bolander, the Manager of Planning and Community Development, said it was tough for the city to let go of control of the process. “We may have our ideas on how things should redevelop or recover, but you don’t truly know until you get that direction from your citizens,” he said. “It had to be their plan. Jane’s right, it’s the representation of the citizens.”
Personal aptitude Ms. Cage demonstrated an ability to build relationships within and beyond the community and to motivate people to be a part of Joplin’s future, Castaner said. “I saw how she was motivational to other federal agencies, myself and my team included,” he said. In the weeks after the tornado, Ms. Cage traveled to a meeting of a technology industry group of which she was a board member. At that meeting, she gave an update on the disaster, and the group made a donation to Joplin schools. When she took the chair of the CART, she made personal
connections with citizens and officials. “I saw that she could motivate people to be involved, to care about what was going on and to share their views. She reached out with her voice, with her heart, and got people to the table,” Castaner said. When people saw that she was sincere about what she wanted to accomplish for the community, they wanted to be a part of that as well, he said. “It was really touching to see when we had a public meeting, and she knew somebody who lost their house was actually at the meeting, making contributions to the community as a whole,” Castaner said. “That really touched her personally. And so she reached out back to them and kept them involved and hopeful in the situation.” Several factors other than her leadership skills as a COO made her a worthwhile candidate to lead the CART, Ms. Cage said. She had participated in church mission trips to help people recover from the 2007 Greensburg, Kansas, tornado and the 2008 flood of Cedar Rapids, Iowa. The work was satisfying, she said—living www.abchs.com
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(Top Left) A new hospital is taking shape to replace St. John’s Regional Medical Center, which was destroyed in the May 22, 2011, tornado. Ed Peaco/For Inside Homeland Security (Bottom Left) Two churches are rebuilding in an area that was hard hit by the May 22, 2011, tornado. Ed Peaco/For Inside Homeland Security (Right) Rebuilding of housing proceeds in the area of Joplin that was hardest hit by the May 22, 2011, tornado. Ed Peaco/For Inside Homeland Security
For more information on being prepared for all possible man-made and natural disaster incidents, consider becoming Certified in Disaster Preparedness, CDP-I®. Contact member services at 877.219.2519 to learn more now!
in camps and helping people one-on-one. More important was the fact that she did not feel the disaster’s impact directly; her home and her business were not harmed. Without response and recovery responsibilities of her own, she could step up to this civic role—unlike city, school, and utility officials, all of whom were working under pressure to respond to the disaster. Additionally, Ms. Cage has been a widow for many years and has no children: “I don’t have competing family demands that a lot of people have, so it gave me more time to do this kind of work. Nobody would bother me as I worked on the couch at night and say, ‘When are you going to quit working on that and come to bed?’ “The other part of it is, I love being at home, and I love my house. When I walk in, it’s the nicest sanctuary I know… When I think about all the people I know who lost their house, I think about how hard that would be for me to have lost the most special place I go. It would have been devastating. It’s another thing that makes me work hard.” 877.219.2519
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About the DHS honor Ms. Cage said she has often reflected on the heroism of Rick Rescorla and wondered how “facilitating a lot of meetings” was sufficient to qualify her for the honor. She has spoken several times with his widow, Susan Rescorla. “I wanted to touch base with her to tell her what an honor it was to even be associated with anything with his name on it, that I understood what a hero he really was,” Ms. Cage said. When Secretary Napolitano called her in December, Ms. Cage learned a little about why she was chosen along with the people of Joplin. Secretary Napolitano said she hoped that Joplin’s story of recovery and resilience might inspire the people along the East Coast who had been devastated by Hurricane Sandy in October, Ms. Cage related. “All this work has been a big privilege. I’ve found work way above my pay grade many times,” she said. “I’ve been really lucky in that respect to do really interesting work that makes a difference.”
For more information on being prepared for all possible man-made and natural disaster incidents, consider becoming Certified in Disaster Preparedness, CDP-I®. Contact member services at 877.219.2519 to learn more now!
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