Neo-Classical Romanticism and Realism

Neo-Classical Romanticism and Realism 1. Neoclassical Example Neoclassicism refers to an era of the European movement during the 18th and 19th centuries that resulted in excess Baroque and Rococo's response. The crusade aimed at reversing the art culture to the classical beauty of Ancient Greece and the Roman Empire. Besides, it focused on restoring their magnificence. An example of a neoclassical work is The Death of General Wolfe 1770 by Benjamin West (1738-1820). The art portrays the defeat of the French by the British in Quebec, 1758. Benjamin West was the first painter to represent people in modern dress. Furthermore, most of his depictions were contemporary events.

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NEO-CLASSICAL ROMANTICISM AND REALISM2 2. Romantic Example Romanticism began in the late 18th century and portrayed subjectivity, inspiration, and an individual's importance. The art also provided strong imagination and power. An example of romantic art is Napoleon in the Pesthouse at Jaffa, 11 March 1799 (1804) by Baron AntoineJean Gros. The art depicts General Napoleon visiting plague-stricken soldiers in Jaffa, Syria (Lerouge, 2020). Benjamin West's work, The Death of General Wolfe 1770, is similar to Baron Antoine-Jean Gros's work in that they both depicted wounded French troops. However, the two arts differ since Benjamin portrayed contemporary events, while in Antoine-Jean's art, there is no depiction of current events.

3. Realist Example Realism art movement refers to the crusade that began in 1850, France, and rejected romanticism to portray more modern subjects and events with accuracy and truth; romantic arts were full of emotionalism. The realism movement also avoided drama and classical idealism, and at several times, it depicted sordid and untidy features of its subjects. An example of a realist piece is The Cathedral of Mantes, 1965-69 by Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot that portrayed the real event of a person fishing at a riverside. Jean-Baptiste art differs from Antoine-Jean’s Napoleon in the Pesthouse at Jaffa since Jean-Baptiste depicts a reality, whereas Antoine-Jean does not.

4. Hudson River School The Hudson River School was an art movement in the nineteenth century that consisted of a massive American landscape painters’ group. Romanticism influenced the Hudson River School, and it depicted its surrounding areas, including Adirondack, Catskill, and the White Mountains

NEO-CLASSICAL ROMANTICISM AND REALISM3 of New Hampshire. The Hudson River School believed that God manifested himself through nature in the form of the American Landscape.

Example: Schroon Mountain, Adirondacks (1838) by Thomas Cole.

Retrieved from: https://www.britannica.com/art/Hudson-River-school 5. Barbizon School Barbizon School refers to a crusade of informal artists between 1830 and 1870 who steered realism art development. The artists worked near the Barbizon village near the Fontainebleau Forest, just outside Paris, and they all had several diverse backgrounds. However, each of the Barbizon School artists was passionate and desired to transform the ordinary landscape painting to more classical scenes with individual rights. Thus, they gathered in the Fontainebleau Forest to paint. The artists learned to paint and sculpture several arts in a strict, neoclassical manner and illustrated the initial styles that their masters designed.

Example: Cottages at Barbizon (1817 – 1878) by Charles-Francois Daubigny.

Available at: https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/glossary-terms/barbizon-school 6. Salon des Refuses Salon des Refuses an art exhibition in Paris in 1863 to showcase the art paintings that the Paris Salon selection committee rejected. Emperor Napoleon Ⅲ ordered the display after more than fifty percent of the pictures were denied. Salon des Refuses enabled the public to judge the unaccepted arts and emphasized the need for other unofficial exhibitions to prevent domination of aesthetics and public art taste by highly conservative academic bodies. Also, Salon des Refuses sanctioned the emergence of avant-garde art and gave rise to the style of impressionism.

The exhibition was also crucial since it diminished the French Academy’s infallibility and the entire European academic art.

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NEO-CLASSICAL ROMANTICISM AND REALISM5 References Lerouge, O. (2020). Napoleon Bonaparte Visiting the Plague-Stricken in Jaffa | Louvre Museum | Paris. Louvre.fr. Retrieved 23 October 2020, from https://www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvrenotices/napoleon-bonaparte-visiting-plague-stricken-jaffa.

National Galleries Scotland. (2020). Barbizon School | National Galleries of Scotland.

Nationalgalleries.org. Retrieved 23 October 2020, from https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/glossary-terms/barbizon-school.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2020). Hudson River school | American art movement. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 23 October 2020, from https://www.britannica.com/art/Hudson-River-school.