2 Research Design Critique Introduction The article “The effect of extrinsic motivation on cycle time trial performance” is authored by Michiel Hulleman, Jos J. De Koning, Florentian J. Hettinga and Carl Foster and published in the journal of Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2007 publication; volume 39, number 4 from page 709 to 715. In this article, Hulleman et al. (2007) evaluate the effect of motivation on pacing (specifically the cycle time) when motivation is provided prior to a cycling competition. 1. What is the research question? The authors seek to know whether providing an external motivation a few moments prior to an exercise alters the pacing strategy or whether it interferes with overall performance in cycling time trials. The research question is based on the observation that athletes usually perform well in competitions such as Olympic Games when they apply the Olympic pacing strategy yet such athletes seem less promising to perform well in pre-Olympic competitions. As such, the influence of an extrinsic factor is suspected to cause the improvement in pacing and time. 2. What is the hypothesis? The hypothesis in this study was that cyclists would use the all-out pacing pattern upon presentation of a monetary motivation during the final (fourth) time trial thus improving pacing. 3. What are the independent and dependent variables, and constants? Consider operational definitions, and validity and reliability issues.
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