How to Write in Arabic

‫‪How to Write in Arabic‬‬

‫‪ 3‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﻧﺠﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻓﺸﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺤﻘﻖ ﻛﻞ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻓﻪ‬ ‫‪ 4‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻁﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﺜﺎﺑﺮﺍ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻌﻴﺪ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺪﻣﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺪﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬

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‫ﺃﺗﻤﻤﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺪﺭﺍﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬

‫✓‬

‫‪A‬‬

‫‪Complete the following sentences with the appropriate adversative conjunction.‬‬

‫‪ 1‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻣﺠﺎﻧﺎ ‪ ............‬ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺃﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻳﺪﻓﻌﻮﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻣﺎ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ 2‬ﺣﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻣﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ ...............‬ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫‪ 3‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺮﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻐﻴﺒﻮﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ‪ ...................‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺣﻀﺮﻭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫‪ 4‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﻧﺠﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻭﺿﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﻴﻦ ‪ ....................‬ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﺧﻔﻘﺖ ﻓﻲ ‪.....................‬‬ ‫‪ 5‬ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ ‪ ..........‬ﻟﻢ ﺗﺴﺘﺸﺮ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ 6‬ﻳﺤﺐ ﺃﺧﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻓﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ‪ .....................‬ﺻﺪﻳﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺤﺐ ﺍﻷﻓﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ 7‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﺿﻴﺔ ‪ ..........................‬ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮ‬

‫‪ 1.3‬ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ‬

‫‪1.3 Temporal conjunction‬‬

‫‪There are numerous cohesive devices in Arabic to express the time relationship between‬‬ ‫‪sentences. The following are examples.‬‬

‫ﻗﺒﻞ ‪ +‬ﺃﻥ‪ +‬ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫‪ indicates that there are two actions; one is accomplished before the‬ﻗﺒﻞ ‪The use of‬‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ‪ , or by a gerund‬ﺃﻥ ‪ +‬ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ ‪ can either be followed by‬ﻗﺒﻞ ‪beginning of the other.‬‬

‫‪ 1‬ﺗﺨﺮّﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻳّﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﺘﺤﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻴﺶ‬ ‫‪ 2‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﺘﺤﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻴﺶ ﺗﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻳّﺔ‬ ‫‪ 3‬ﻭ ّﺩﻉ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺘﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺋﻪ‬ ‫‪ 4‬ﺩﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻔﺎﻭﺿﺎﺕ ﺣﺎ ّﺩﺓ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﻗﻌﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ‪ +‬ﻣﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫‪ 1‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺇﻟﺘﺤﺎﻗﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻴﺶ ﺗﺨﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺑﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪ 2‬ﻓﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﻨﺼﻴﺒﻪ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﻠﺪ‬ ‫‪ 3‬ﺍﻋﺘﺬﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺧﻄﺎﺋﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﺒﻪ‬ ‫‪4‬‬