PHI 445 Entire Course (2 Set of Papers, 2 Response for each DQ, Quiz – 3 Set)
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This Tutorial contains 3 Paper of Week 3 Assignment, Week 5 Assignment, 3 Set of Week 1,2 Quiz, 2 Response to each DQ PHI 445 Week 1 Quiz (3 Sets) PHI 445 Week 1 Discussion Utilitarianism, Deontology, and Virtue Ethics Case Study: Starbucks PHI 445 Week 2 Discussion Capitalism and Socialism Case Study: Uber PHI 445 Week 2 Quiz (3 Sets) PHI 445 Week 3 Assignment Case Analysis (Factory Farming :Perdue Farms) PHI 445 Week 3 Assignment Case Analysis (Gender Discrimination: Goodyear) PHI 445 Week 3 Discussion Currrent Business Problems: Case Studies: Lehman Brothers, British Petroleum, Monsanto, Merck, Goodyear, Perdue Farms PHI 445 Week 3 Assignment Case Analysis (GMOs: Monsanto) PHI 445 Week 4 Discussion The Effects of Business on Consumers and the Environment: Case Study Perdue Farms PHI 445 Week 5 Final Project Argumentative Essay (GMOs: Monsanto) PHI 445 Week 5 Final Project Argumentative Essay (Factory Farming :Perdue Farms) PHI 445 Week 5 Final Project Argumentative Essay (Gender Discrimination: Goodyear) PHI 445 Week 5 Discussion Discrimination Laws: Advantages and Disadvantages for both Employees and Business Case Study: Abercrombie & Fitch ===================================================
PHI 445 Week 1 Discussion Utilitarianism, Deontology, and Virtue Ethics Case Study: Starbucks
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PHI 445 Week 1 Discussion Utilitarianism, Deontology, and Virtue Ethics: Case Study: Starbucks Prepare: The initial post in this discussion must be informed by the required material for this discussion. Your preparation should focus on three classical ethical theories that are fundamental in any ethical analysis: utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics. Since the subject of your examination is the Starbucks case, make sure to view the relevant multimedia carefully with an eye toward the various ethical problems that this company has had to confront. Reflect: Keep in mind that although the notion of the moral good will vary among ethical theories, they often produce the same or similar results. So you should focus on the differences in (a) the intent and (b) the consequences of the action under examination. In utilitarianism, for example, the consequences of the action are weightier than the intent. Accordingly, even if the intent was morally questionable, the action is nonetheless morally good if it achieves good consequences for most. The opposite would be the case if the action were being examined from a deontological point of view. These reflections will aid your selection of an ethical theory for your initial post, as well as your critical examinations of the analysis from fellow students. Write: Start your initial post by identifying two characteristics of utilitarianism, two characteristics of virtue ethics, and two characteristics of deontology. Organize this part of your post so that it is clear which characteristics belong to which ethical theory. You can do this by means of subtitles, or
by presenting a table. You should aim to write one complete and clear sentence for each characteristic rather than just one or a few words. Then, take the position that Starbucks is guided by utilitarianism and analyze how the notion of the moral good in utilitarianism leads to a unique approach to ethical problems. The way to do this is as follows: • First, present an ethical problem confronted by Starbucks. You can choose one such ethical problem from the video. • Then, apply the characteristics of utilitarianism that you identified for this discussion in the attempt to solve this problem. • After this, analyze how the notion of the moral good present in utilitarianism, and the characteristics that you identified in particular, shape the approach to solving this problem. Revise: This is your chance to correct any oversights or errors in your initial post, or show your improved understanding of the ethical theories and their applications. Start by reading the feedback provided by your professor to your initial post, either directly to you or to your fellow students. Use this as an opportunity to learn from your professor, especially with regard to the best ways to apply the course material and your research to your analysis. On the basis of what you have learned in this process, post an improved revision of your initial post that applies the additional knowledge that you have gained. Remember that your grade depends on the quality of your initial and revised responses, not just on the submission of an attempt at improvement. It is thus to your advantage to post the best initial post you can and then to also improve that best effort as much as you can through revision. Taking this process seriously will help you develop the skills you need to do well on the final project. Requirements for Your Initial Post: o Your initial post should be at least 400 words in length and have citations and references in APA notation. It should address the prompt in its entirety. This means that you should not split your response to the prompt in multiple posts. Your examination should be both thorough and succinct. This is a combination that demands time and thought, so give yourself sufficient time to draft and revise. o Please be advised that until you post, you will not see what your fellow students are posting. Once you submit your post, you will be able to view the posts from your other classmates. You can then proceed to reply to at least two different threads based on
the required material for this discussion on virtue ethics and deontology. o Your list of references for your initial post should include the video and the other required material for this discussion, including Section 1.3 of the textbook on Starbucks, as well as the Instructor Guidance and any other announcements presented to you by your professor. Use all of the material presented to you in the course and by your professor, in addition to any other sources that you consulted to inform yourself about Starbucks (but not Wikipedia or similar sources). ===================================================
PHI 445 Week 1 Quiz (3 Set)
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PHI 445 Week 1 Quiz (3 Set) 1 1. Question : Which of these statements about moral values is true? 2. Question : When a pharmaceutical company releases a new drug with known side effects that will help more people than the side effects will harm, this is an example of what type of ethics? 3. Question : Which of the following ethical frameworks would support child labor if the consequences produced better overall results than the available alternatives? 4. Question : Groups could not function well if members of groups were completely free to make decisions for themselves about what to do and how to act. Which of the following uses legal rules and organizational rules to keep order in groups? 5. Question : Which of the following shifts the focus from questions about what a person should do toward a focus on who a personis? 6. Question : If Mr. Swanson,
a college professor, says that there is no such thing as right and wrong and treats questions regarding what is good and evil as relative to an individual’s values and culture, this is an example of the theory of 7. Question : The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulates television and radio media to ensure they do not broadcast vulgar language. This is an example of the principle of 8. Question : Janelle gives to charity because she enjoys the gratitude and recognition from the people she helps. This is an example of 9. Question : The main idea of utilitarianism is its focus on 10. Question : Which of the following statements is true about divine command theory? 11. Question : Mrs. Takeda jumps into an icy river to save a stranger. This is an example of 12. Question : Limiting free speech by the government would be an example of the 13. Question : Which theory of ethics says that we should make decisions that produce “the greatest good for the greatest number”? PHI 445 Week 1 Quiz (3 Set) 2 1. Question : Which of the following shifts the focus from questions about what a person should do toward a focus on who a personis? 2. Question : Which theory of ethics says that we should make decisions that produce “the greatest good for the greatest number”? 3. Question : Identify the theory that believes people act only out of a self-interest. 4. Question : An example of an intrinsic value for an employee would be 5. Question : If Mr. Swanson, a college professor, says that there is no such thing as right and wrong and treats questions regarding what is good and evil as relative to an individual’s values and culture, this is an example of the theory of 6. Question : When a pharmaceutical company releases a new drug with known side effects that will help more people than the side effects will harm, this is an example of what type of ethics? 7. Question : The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulates television and radio media to ensure they do not broadcast vulgar language. This is an example of the principle of 8. Question : Which of the following is an example of a human right? 9. Question : The idea that character traits can contribute to or take away from a happy and meaningful life describes 10. Question : Groups could not function well if members of groups were completely free to make decisions for themselves about
what to do and how to act. Which of the following uses legal rules and organizational rules to keep order in groups? 11. Question : According to philosopher John Locke, which of the following statements about human rights is true? 12. Question : The main idea of utilitarianism is its focus on 13. Question : The idea that we are born with basic moral principles that we use to judge people’s actions describes __________ theory. PHI 445 Week 1 Quiz (3 Set) 1. Question : When a pharmaceutical company releases a new drug with known side effects that will help more people than the side effects will harm, this is an example of what type of ethics? 2. Question : Which of the following is an example of a human right? 3. Question : Which of the following shifts the focus from questions about what a person should do toward a focus on who a personis? 4. Question : If Mr. Swanson, a college professor, says that there is no such thing as right and wrong and treats questions regarding what is good and evil as relative to an individual’s values and culture, this is an example of the theory of 5. Question : Janelle gives to charity because she enjoys the gratitude and recognition from the people she helps. This is an example of 6. Question : The main idea of utilitarianism is its focus on 7. Question : The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulates television and radio media to ensure they do not broadcast vulgar language. This is an example of the principle of 8. Question : Which theory of ethics says that we should make decisions that produce “the greatest good for the greatest number”? 9. Question : The idea that we are born with basic moral principles that we use to judge people’s actions describes __________ theory. 10. Question : Which of the following is a legal right in the United States? 11. Question : The idea that character traits can contribute to or take away from a happy and meaningful life describes 12. Question : According to Immanuel Kant, there is essentially one fundamental moral duty: 13. Question : According to philosopher John Locke, which of the following statements about human rights is true? ===================================================
PHI 445 Week 2 Discussion Capitalism and Socialism Case Study: Uber
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PHI 445 Week 2 Discussion Capitalism and Socialism Case Study: Uber Prepare: Your initial post in this discussion must be informed by the required material for this discussion. The required material for this discussion will introduce you to what is new about Uber as a business model, the profit incentive in business, and how laws can make or break innovation in business. Your preparation should focus on the characteristics of capitalism and socialism, as well as other business concepts presented in the required material. Since your initial post in this discussion will examine the relation between running a business such as Uber and the laws and economic system of the nation(s) in which it operates, make sure to comb the material on Uber for laws, regulations, and the economic setting that affect its operations. You are encouraged to research relevant laws and regulations to make sure that you have current information. You will also need to review the material on the three ethical theories employed in the Week One Discussion as you will draw from that material for this week’s discussion too. Reflect: Keep in mind that Uber has presented itself into the market not as a transportation service but as a service that pairs consumers with ride sharing services by means of a unique phone app. But some sources— including the taxi industry and one California court finding (details in the required material), as well as the characterization of Uber presented in Section 3.4 of the textbook—seem to challenge this branding.
According to these sources, Uber is avoiding laws that apply to the transportation industry and, thereby, usurping a rightful place that the taxi industry has carved for itself. Consumers, on the other hand, have shown their preference for Uber by a high demand for its services in the USA and abroad, including those countries in which Uber has been banned. Compared to taxis, Uber offers consumers an efficient system for procuring a ride even in remote areas where taxis do not frequent, a convenient payment method (no need for cash, and fares can be split among different users on the same ride), and significantly cheaper fares compared to taxis. In many instances, Uber cars come equipped with water, candy, and magazines, all for free. Uber drivers are also better off because they keep the majority of the fares for the rides that they service, which is exactly the opposite case of taxi drivers, and they can choose when they want to work. Clearly, this is a controversial case and thus very apt for the examination for this discussion. Keep in mind that a nation’s economic system is shaped by the laws that are in place. Accordingly, laws (including state regulations and local ordinances) will give you a clue for the kind of economic system that exists. Keep in mind also that most nations have mixed economies and there is probably no economic system that purely represents socialism or capitalism. So you will find a different combination of both socialism and capitalism in any nation that you are examining. Write: You have four tasks for your initial post. In order to present an organized post, address each one of these tasks in a separate paragraph and in the following order. Your first task is to articulate the economic system (or combination of characteristics of both socialism and capitalism) that such laws depict. Your second task is to examine the laws that either support or limit the operations by Uber. Your third task is to analyze how your findings from your first and second tasks affect Uber. And your fourth task is to present your moral position with regard to Uber. For this latter task, you will need to identify one of the three ethical theories covered in the Week One (utilitarianism, deontology, or virtue ethics) as support for the moral position that you are taking. For example, you may hold the moral position that Uber is morally justifiable because it provides a good for consumers that fills in a gap that had not been met by the taxi industry.
Or you may take the position that Uber’s positioning in the market is morally wrong. Revise: Read the feedback provided by your professor to your initial post, either directly to you or to your fellow students. Use this as an opportunity to learn from your professor, especially with regard to the best ways to apply the course material and your research to your analysis. On the basis of what you have learned in this process, post an improved revision of your initial post that applies the additional knowledge that you have gained. Remember that your grade depends on the quality of your initial and revised responses, not just on the submission of an attempt at improvement. It is thus to your advantage to post the best initial post you can and then to also improve that best effort as much as you can through revision. Taking this process seriously will help you develop the skills you need to do well on the Final Project. Requirements for Your Initial Post: • Your initial post should be at least 400 words in length and have citations and references in APA notation. It should address the prompt in its entirety. This means that you should not split your response to the prompt in multiple posts. Your examination should be both thorough and succinct. This is a combination that demands time and thought, so give yourself sufficient time to draft and revise. ===================================================
PHI 445 Week 2 Quiz (3 Set)
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PHI 445 Week 2 Quiz (3 Set) 1 1. Question : In 2007, a defense contractor was found guilty for working with a co-conspirator to submit bids with increased prices for a bulletproof vest contract so that a particular company would win the contract at a lower price. This is an example of 2. Question : In the late 1990s, Google, Yahoo, and MSN purchased most of the existing search engines, such as Lycros and Jeeves. Google now holds approximately a 90% share of the market. This is an example of 3. Question : According to Karl Marx, history is the record of 4. Question : Antitrust acts such as the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1980 were passed to protect against 5. Question : The idea that consumers buy luxury items without considering the hard labor that went into making them is part of the viewpoint of 6. Question : _________ claimed that if businesses were allowed to follow their own self-interest, the economy of the country would improve. 7. Question : One feature of a corporation is that it can continue indefinitely beyond the lives of individual managers and stockholders of the corporation. This is called 8. Question : When a company’s leaders have the illusion of invulnerability that causes them to underestimate factors that lead to failure, this is an example of: 9. Question : States have the authority to grant corporate charters, which give permission for corporations to exist. When a state decides to revoke a corporation’s charter because of some egregious crime, this is called corporate 10. Question : Which of the following is not a business structure recognized by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service? 11. Question : According to economist Milton Friedman 12. Question : You are a shareholder in a corporation that filed bankruptcy. The liabilities will be more than the assets. What you will be required to pay will be based on PHI 445 Week 2 Quiz (3 Set) 2 1. Question : According to Karl Marx, history is the record of 2. Question : Which of the following statements is a criticism of capitalism? 3. Question : In 2007, a defense contractor was found guilty for working with a co-conspirator to submit bids with increased prices for a bulletproof vest contract so that a particular company would win the contract at a lower price. This is an example of 4. Question : In 2001, the government said it would sue to stop the 4.3 billion
dollar merger of American Airlines and U.S. Airways that would create the world’s largest airline. The government was concerned that the merger would create a(an) ____________ . 5. Question : One justification for government regulation of commerce is to 6. Question : A few years ago, the Bolivian government leased water rights in some of the country’s poor, drought-stricken regions to private companies, including the U.S. engineering company Bechtel. Shortly after Bechtel took control in one area, water prices tripled, sparking protests. The privatization of water is an example of 7. Question : In 2010, the group United Students Against Sweatshops campaigned against the Fruit of the Loom Company because the company had closed a Honduras plant because it unionized. The result was 1,200 lost jobs. The student campaign cost the company $50 million in lost contracts with U.S. and British colleges. The company eventually reopened the factory and paid $2.5 million in compensation to the workers. This is an example of consumer 8. Question : One feature of a corporation is that it can continue indefinitely beyond the lives of individual managers and stockholders of the corporation. This is called 9. Question : You are a shareholder in a corporation that filed bankruptcy. The liabilities will be more than the assets. What you will be required to pay will be based on 10. Question : Which of the following statements is true about strategic misrepresentation? 11. Question : The Triple Bottom Line approach measures the success of sustainable businesses in terms of 12. Question : The idea that corporations can be moral agents holds that PHI 445 Week 2 Quiz (3 Set) 1. Question : The viewpoint that business should be privately controlled and not controlled by the government is a perspective of a ________ economy. 2. Question : After Superstorm Sandy hit New Jersey, some businesses such as gasoline stations and car repair stores raised prices to bring in windfall profits off desperate customers. This is an example of price 3. Question : When competitors agree to maintain prices at a certain level, this is called 4. Question : Welfare capitalism and _________ are more modern versions of capitalism and socialism. 5. Question : One of the main ideas of The Communist Manifesto is that the proletariat 6. Question : A few years ago, the Bolivian government leased water rights
in some of the country’s poor, drought-stricken regions to private companies, including the U.S. engineering company Bechtel. Shortly after Bechtel took control in one area, water prices tripled, sparking protests. The privatization of water is an example of 7. Question : Which of the following is not a business structure recognized by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service? 8. Question : One of the main advantages of a corporation is 9. Question : When a company pleads guilty to a crime and the government orders it to publish an apology, that is an example of 10. Question : You are a shareholder in a corporation that filed bankruptcy. The liabilities will be more than the assets. What you will be required to pay will be based on 11. Question : When two doctors decide to share office space for their medical practices, they have formed a(an) 12. Question : Rehabilitation, retribution, and ________ are reasons that society has for punishing individuals for crimes. ===================================================
PHI 445 Week 3 Assignment Case Analysis (Factory Farming :Perdue Farms)
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PHI 445 Week 3 Assignment Case Analysis: Case Studies: Lehman Brothers, British Petroleum, Monsanto, Merck, Goodyear, Perdue Farms In the Week Three Discussion, you selected a current business problem from the following case categories: • Banking • Fuel and the
Environment • GMOs • Factory Farming • Pharmaceuticals • Gender Discrimination In this written assignment, you will present your work on the case analysis using selected components of an argumentative essay as described in Sections 9.1 and 9.2 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking (Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). This written assignment will include a revised and polished version of your discussion work, the presentation and support of two premises, and an analysis of how your chosen ethical theory offers the best moral solution to the business problem in your case analysis. Using the components of the argumentative essay located in Sections 9.1 and 9.2 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking (Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo (2015), your assignment should include the following: An introduction. This is the “Problem” portion of the essay that is covered in Section 9.1: The Argumentative Essay (Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). This should be an improved version of the introduction in your initial post, revised on the basis of your professor’s feedback and additional research. In this introduction you will need to (a) identify the specific issue or problem that you want to address and give an impartial presentation of the controversy, (b) articulate briefly the characteristics of the economic system that serves as the setting for the business, and (c) examine the laws that affect the operations of the business. The introduction should be one paragraph of around 200 words in length. A thesis. Start a new paragraph with a precise and clear sentence in which you state your moral position with regard to the case that you presented in your first paragraph. This is known as stating your thesis. (See the “Thesis” passage in “The Argumentative Essay” in Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). The thesis you state here should be an improved version of the thesis in your initial post in the discussion, revised on the basis of your professor’s feedback and your reading of “The Argumentative Essay” indicated above. A thesis is only one sentence, so do not write a series of sentences, or a complex sentence with explanatory clauses (e.g., “because...” or “since...” or “according to Dr. Mary Expert, an economist with the Bureau of Labor statistics...”, or “a law that was ratified with 80% votes in favor...”). An example of a precise and clear
thesis is this: “Factory farms are not morally justifiable” or, of course, the opposite point of view: “Factory farms are morally justifiable.” Keep in mind that your thesis in this assignment will be the basis for the argumentative essay of the Week Five written assignment, so take your time when formulating this thesis. Ethical theory. In the same second paragraph as the thesis statement, identify the ethical theory that supports your moral position. You may choose from utilitarianism, duty ethics, or virtue ethics. Present the characteristics of the ethical theory in a broad sketch, and include citations and references in APA form. Then, apply your chosen ethical theory by explaining how it lends itself to the moral position that you are defending. Two premises. Present at least two reasons in support of your thesis and these should be presented in the form of a claim. These are called premises. Articulate each premise in one clear and grammatically correct sentence. Review Section 9.1 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking (Foster, Hardy, and Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). Start a new paragraph for each. In the rest of the paragraph, support your premise by presenting an analysis of how the ethical theory lends itself to the best solution. This analysis includes articulating the characteristics(s) of the economic system at work that support the claims in your premises. It also includes examining the effects of the law(s) at work that also support the claims in your premises. Comparative analysis. In the final paragraph, analyze how this application lends itself to a solution that is superior to that offered by one of the ethical theories that you did not select. To do this, provide a clear statement describing the moral solution offered by this other theory. For example, if you chose utilitarianism to apply to your case, then you can choose from either virtue ethics or deontology for your comparative analysis. Explain in no more than three sentences what moral solution would result from the application of this other ethical theory. See the “Sample Case Analysis” in the required reading for an illustration of how this would look like. Finally, analyze the strengths of the moral solution presented by your chosen ethical theory in ways that demonstrate how it is superior to the moral solution offered by the other ethical theory. Once you receive your assignment back from your professor, start working on revisions based on your professor’s
feedback. This is the first step in preparing your Final Project and the details are presented on the Final Project’s prompt. You will benefit from starting your Final Project as soon as you receive your assignment back from your professor. Requirements for Your Assignment: • Your assignment should be 1000 words in length, excluding the title page and reference page(s). • Your examination should be both thorough and succinct. This is a combination that demands time and thought, so give yourself sufficient time to draft and revise. • Your assignment should include citations, as well as a list of references. Both must be in APA form. • You should draw from the sources provided in your chosen case category in the discussion this week. • Also refer to Section 9.1: The Argumentative Essay and the introduction to Section 9.2: Strengthening the Argumentative Essay (intro only for the latter) from Hardy, J., Foster, C., &Zúñiga y Postigo, G. (2015). ===================================================
PHI 445 Week 3 Assignment Case Analysis (Gender Discrimination: Goodyear)
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PHI 445 Week 3 Assignment Case Analysis: Case Studies: Lehman Brothers, British Petroleum, Monsanto, Merck, Goodyear, Perdue Farms In the Week Three Discussion, you selected a current business problem from the following case categories: • Banking • Fuel and the Environment • GMOs • Factory Farming • Pharmaceuticals •
Gender Discrimination In this written assignment, you will present your work on the case analysis using selected components of an argumentative essay as described in Sections 9.1 and 9.2 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking (Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). This written assignment will include a revised and polished version of your discussion work, the presentation and support of two premises, and an analysis of how your chosen ethical theory offers the best moral solution to the business problem in your case analysis. Using the components of the argumentative essay located in Sections 9.1 and 9.2 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking (Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo (2015), your assignment should include the following: An introduction. This is the “Problem” portion of the essay that is covered in Section 9.1: The Argumentative Essay (Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). This should be an improved version of the introduction in your initial post, revised on the basis of your professor’s feedback and additional research. In this introduction you will need to (a) identify the specific issue or problem that you want to address and give an impartial presentation of the controversy, (b) articulate briefly the characteristics of the economic system that serves as the setting for the business, and (c) examine the laws that affect the operations of the business. The introduction should be one paragraph of around 200 words in length. A thesis. Start a new paragraph with a precise and clear sentence in which you state your moral position with regard to the case that you presented in your first paragraph. This is known as stating your thesis. (See the “Thesis” passage in “The Argumentative Essay” in Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). The thesis you state here should be an improved version of the thesis in your initial post in the discussion, revised on the basis of your professor’s feedback and your reading of “The Argumentative Essay” indicated above. A thesis is only one sentence, so do not write a series of sentences, or a complex sentence with explanatory clauses (e.g., “because...” or “since...” or “according to Dr. Mary Expert, an economist with the Bureau of Labor statistics...”, or “a law that was ratified with 80% votes in favor...”). An example of a precise and clear thesis is this: “Factory farms are not morally justifiable” or, of course,
the opposite point of view: “Factory farms are morally justifiable.” Keep in mind that your thesis in this assignment will be the basis for the argumentative essay of the Week Five written assignment, so take your time when formulating this thesis. Ethical theory. In the same second paragraph as the thesis statement, identify the ethical theory that supports your moral position. You may choose from utilitarianism, duty ethics, or virtue ethics. Present the characteristics of the ethical theory in a broad sketch, and include citations and references in APA form. Then, apply your chosen ethical theory by explaining how it lends itself to the moral position that you are defending. Two premises. Present at least two reasons in support of your thesis and these should be presented in the form of a claim. These are called premises. Articulate each premise in one clear and grammatically correct sentence. Review Section 9.1 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking (Foster, Hardy, and Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). Start a new paragraph for each. In the rest of the paragraph, support your premise by presenting an analysis of how the ethical theory lends itself to the best solution. This analysis includes articulating the characteristics(s) of the economic system at work that support the claims in your premises. It also includes examining the effects of the law(s) at work that also support the claims in your premises. Comparative analysis. In the final paragraph, analyze how this application lends itself to a solution that is superior to that offered by one of the ethical theories that you did not select. To do this, provide a clear statement describing the moral solution offered by this other theory. For example, if you chose utilitarianism to apply to your case, then you can choose from either virtue ethics or deontology for your comparative analysis. Explain in no more than three sentences what moral solution would result from the application of this other ethical theory. See the “Sample Case Analysis” in the required reading for an illustration of how this would look like. Finally, analyze the strengths of the moral solution presented by your chosen ethical theory in ways that demonstrate how it is superior to the moral solution offered by the other ethical theory. Once you receive your assignment back from your professor, start working on revisions based on your professor’s feedback. This is the first step in preparing your Final Project and the
details are presented on the Final Project’s prompt. You will benefit from starting your Final Project as soon as you receive your assignment back from your professor. Requirements for Your Assignment: • Your assignment should be 1000 words in length, excluding the title page and reference page(s). • Your examination should be both thorough and succinct. This is a combination that demands time and thought, so give yourself sufficient time to draft and revise. • Your assignment should include citations, as well as a list of references. Both must be in APA form. • You should draw from the sources provided in your chosen case category in the discussion this week. • Also refer to Section 9.1: The Argumentative Essay and the introduction to Section 9.2: Strengthening the Argumentative Essay (intro only for the latter) from Hardy, J., Foster, C., &Zúñiga y Postigo, G. (2015). ===================================================
PHI 445 Week 3 Assignment Case Analysis (GMOs: Monsanto)
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PHI 445 Week 3 Assignment Case Analysis: Case Studies: Lehman Brothers, British Petroleum, Monsanto, Merck, Goodyear, Perdue Farms In the Week Three Discussion, you selected a current business problem from the following case categories: • Banking • Fuel and the Environment • GMOs • Factory Farming • Pharmaceuticals • Gender Discrimination In this written assignment, you will present
your work on the case analysis using selected components of an argumentative essay as described in Sections 9.1 and 9.2 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking (Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). This written assignment will include a revised and polished version of your discussion work, the presentation and support of two premises, and an analysis of how your chosen ethical theory offers the best moral solution to the business problem in your case analysis. Using the components of the argumentative essay located in Sections 9.1 and 9.2 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking (Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo (2015), your assignment should include the following: An introduction. This is the “Problem” portion of the essay that is covered in Section 9.1: The Argumentative Essay (Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). This should be an improved version of the introduction in your initial post, revised on the basis of your professor’s feedback and additional research. In this introduction you will need to (a) identify the specific issue or problem that you want to address and give an impartial presentation of the controversy, (b) articulate briefly the characteristics of the economic system that serves as the setting for the business, and (c) examine the laws that affect the operations of the business. The introduction should be one paragraph of around 200 words in length. A thesis. Start a new paragraph with a precise and clear sentence in which you state your moral position with regard to the case that you presented in your first paragraph. This is known as stating your thesis. (See the “Thesis” passage in “The Argumentative Essay” in Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). The thesis you state here should be an improved version of the thesis in your initial post in the discussion, revised on the basis of your professor’s feedback and your reading of “The Argumentative Essay” indicated above. A thesis is only one sentence, so do not write a series of sentences, or a complex sentence with explanatory clauses (e.g., “because...” or “since...” or “according to Dr. Mary Expert, an economist with the Bureau of Labor statistics...”, or “a law that was ratified with 80% votes in favor...”). An example of a precise and clear thesis is this: “Factory farms are not morally justifiable” or, of course, the opposite point of view: “Factory farms are morally justifiable.” Keep
in mind that your thesis in this assignment will be the basis for the argumentative essay of the Week Five written assignment, so take your time when formulating this thesis. Ethical theory. In the same second paragraph as the thesis statement, identify the ethical theory that supports your moral position. You may choose from utilitarianism, duty ethics, or virtue ethics. Present the characteristics of the ethical theory in a broad sketch, and include citations and references in APA form. Then, apply your chosen ethical theory by explaining how it lends itself to the moral position that you are defending. Two premises. Present at least two reasons in support of your thesis and these should be presented in the form of a claim. These are called premises. Articulate each premise in one clear and grammatically correct sentence. Review Section 9.1 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking (Foster, Hardy, and Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). Start a new paragraph for each. In the rest of the paragraph, support your premise by presenting an analysis of how the ethical theory lends itself to the best solution. This analysis includes articulating the characteristics(s) of the economic system at work that support the claims in your premises. It also includes examining the effects of the law(s) at work that also support the claims in your premises. Comparative analysis. In the final paragraph, analyze how this application lends itself to a solution that is superior to that offered by one of the ethical theories that you did not select. To do this, provide a clear statement describing the moral solution offered by this other theory. For example, if you chose utilitarianism to apply to your case, then you can choose from either virtue ethics or deontology for your comparative analysis. Explain in no more than three sentences what moral solution would result from the application of this other ethical theory. See the “Sample Case Analysis” in the required reading for an illustration of how this would look like. Finally, analyze the strengths of the moral solution presented by your chosen ethical theory in ways that demonstrate how it is superior to the moral solution offered by the other ethical theory. Once you receive your assignment back from your professor, start working on revisions based on your professor’s feedback. This is the first step in preparing your Final Project and the details are presented on the Final Project’s prompt. You will benefit
from starting your Final Project as soon as you receive your assignment back from your professor. Requirements for Your Assignment: • Your assignment should be 1000 words in length, excluding the title page and reference page(s). • Your examination should be both thorough and succinct. This is a combination that demands time and thought, so give yourself sufficient time to draft and revise. • Your assignment should include citations, as well as a list of references. Both must be in APA form. • You should draw from the sources provided in your chosen case category in the discussion this week. • Also refer to Section 9.1: The Argumentative Essay and the introduction to Section 9.2: Strengthening the Argumentative Essay (intro only for the latter) from Hardy, J., Foster, C., &Zúñiga y Postigo, G. (2015). ===================================================
PHI 445 Week 3 Discussion Currrent Business Problems: Case Studies: Lehman Brothers, British Petroleum, Monsanto, Merck, Goodyear, Perdue Farms
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This Tutorial contains 3 Responses British Petroleum, Goodyear, Perdue Farms PHI 445 Week 3 Discussion Currrent Business Problems: Case Studies: Lehman Brothers, British Petroleum, Monsanto, Merck, Goodyear, Perdue Farms Prepare: In your first post in this discussion, you will identify and apply one ethical theory of your choosing to a current problem in business, also of your choosing. Start by reviewing
your notes on the Week One course material and your completed work for Week One. Then, choose one of the three ethical theories—i.e., utilitarianism, deontology, or virtue ethics—on the basis of your thoughtfully considered preference in general and independent of the business problem that you will select here. Keep in mind that you will employ this ethical theory for supporting your position not only for this discussion, but also for this week’s assignment and the Final Project. To prepare for your selection of the current problem in business, look at the list of required articles and multimedia which are divided in the six casecategories as follows: • Banking (Lehman Brothers) • Environment (BP) • GMOs (Monsanto) • Pharmaceuticals (Merck) • Gender Discrimination (Goodyear) • Factory Farms (Perdue) Choose the case-category that you find the most interesting and note that each category also corresponds to one particular case. Please choose carefully because your choice for this discussion will establish the case that will be central to your argumentative essay this week as well as your Final Project in Week Five. It is recommended that you leaf through all the required resources indicated for the possible casecategories that you identify as possible contenders before making your final choice. Reflect: Once you have selected your ethical theory and your case category, articulate the characteristics of the economic system (or combination of both systems) that serves as the setting for the case presented in the case category sources. Given this context, examine how the nation’s laws affect the operations of the business. Next, identify the characteristics of your chosen ethical theory and its notion of the moral good. For the latter, you will need to review again the PowerPoint that was introduced in Week One, which is also listed in this week’s Required Resources and it is titled The Moral Good in Three Traditional Ethical Theories. Then, think how you would apply the ethical theory to the specific problem presented in the case category sources. Write: Start your post by (a) identifying the issue or problem that you want to address in the case that you have selected and providing an impartial presentation of the controversy, (b) articulating briefly the characteristics of the economic system that serves as the setting, and (c) examining the laws that affect the operations of the business. The following illustration
should help. Consider, for example, the case of Uber that we examined in Week Two. If the California decision establishes a precedent for similar claims, then Uber would have to do business as an employer and not merely as a service that pairs consumers with ride sharing services by means of a unique phone app. Accordingly, the law would require Uber to reimburse its drivers for certain costs and perhaps offer benefits. Take in consideration, then, the legal setting for the case that you have chosen. Does the case take place in the United States or another country? What are the laws that are relevant to the problem under examination? Keep in mind that all laws are constraints on our actions, whether those by individuals or corporations. The relevant laws, then, will be (a) any laws that present not only a constraint on the company’s operations, (b) any laws that are being violated by the corporation, or (c) any laws that unfairly limit the goods and services that can be offered to and are demanded by consumers. In a second paragraph, formulate a sentence that presents the moral position that you want to defend in regard to the issue or problem introduced in the previous paragraph. In the same paragraph, present the ethical theory that you choose to employ. Your choices are utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics, and the necessary material is included in the required readings and media. Make sure to identify the characteristics of the ethical theory, and include intext citations and full references in APA form at the end of the post. Once you have done this, apply the ethical theory to your selected case by explaining how it lends itself to the moral position that you are defending. ===================================================
PHI 445 Week 4 Discussion The Effects of Business on Consumers and the Environment: Case Study Perdue Farms
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PHI 445 Week 4 Discussion The Effects of Business on Consumers and the Environment: Case Study: Perdue Farms Prepare: In preparation for your first post in this discussion, you will become familiar with the case of Perdue Farms by means of the material listed under Required Resources (Generally). You will also find more material under Required Resources (Per Subject Heading) because the specific task for this discussion is to examine this case with an eye for any one of the following four subject headings in business ethics: (1) the environment, (2) advertising, (3) consumer safety and (4) moral responsibility. You must select one of these subject headings and your selection will be the specific focus of your work for your discussion. Accordingly, you will be responsible to complete the readings and videos listed under your chosen subject heading. Reflect: If you choose the environment subject heading, reflect on the sheer density of chickens raised at any given time in the Perdue facilities. The disposal of their discarded remains and their processing for distribution, either individually and most definitely together, pose a number of environmental concerns. If you choose the advertising subject heading, reflect on how the two videos on Perdue farms present the sharp contrast between the way the company presents its product and the way in which it has been discovered to run its chicken farms. Consider whether this is an example of failure to provide truth in advertising and how you would support such a stance. If you choose the consumer safety subject heading, reflect on the way in which chickens raised in factory farms risks consumer safety. These might include (a) bacterial contamination, (b) the effects of antibiotics on the meat that is consumed, or (c) the release of adrenaline, cortisone, and other chemicals resulting from the acute stress endured by factory farm animals, which then becomes part of the meat that is later consumed by humans. If you choose the moral responsibility heading, reflect on the stewardship role that may fall upon humans toward non-human animals.
Can we utilize them as mere means to an end (for entertainment, companionship, or food)? Or do we have special obligations toward them (e.g., not to mistreat or torture them and to slaughter them quickly and without stress) because they are sentient beings? Once you have completed the indicated readings and videos, reflect on the ethical theories that we have covered in the discussions thus far and identify one that you want to apply for your analysis in your discussion post. Also, reflect on the regulations (or lack thereof) in the factory farming industry in order to be able to examine how our nation’s laws affect the operations of the business. You will need to research the applicable laws on the factory farming industry. Finally, since Perdue Farms is an American corporation, reflect on the mixed economic system in the United States in order to articulate the setting for the operations of factory farming, and then, be able to analyze the ethical actions of Perdue given this setting. Write: In the first part of your initial post, you will need to introduce the Perdue case within the particular subject heading that you have chosen. In this introduction, you will also need to (1) articulate the relevant characteristics of our mixed economic system and (2) present the regulations for the factory farming industry. These will provide the setting for you to be able to examine how the nation’s laws affect its operations. In the second part of your initial post, present your analysis of the problem in a way that identifies which entities (Perdue as a corporation, the economic system in the USA, the regulatory control of the state, or all of these) have a role in the problem that you have presented. In your analysis, you must assess the negative effects of the interplay between business activity and one of the following: the environment, advertising, consumer safety, or corporate social responsibility. Your focus must be an ethical analysis of this interplay, and it must be well supported by reliable and/or scholarly sources by clearly identifying the ethical theory that you are applying in your analysis. Revise: Read the feedback provided by your professor to your initial post, either directly to you or to your fellow students. Use this as an opportunity to learn from your professor, especially with regard to the best ways to apply the course material and your research to your analysis. On the basis of what you have learned in this process, post
an improved revision of your initial post that applies the additional knowledge that you have gained. Remember that your grade depends on the quality of your initial and revised responses, not just on the submission of an attempt at improvement. It is thus to your advantage to post the best initial post you can and then to also improve that best effort as much as you can through revision. Taking this process seriously will help you develop the skills you need to do well on the Final Project. Requirements for Your Initial Post: • Your initial post should be at least 400 words in length and have citations and references in APA notation. It should address the prompt in its entirety. This means that you should not split your response to the prompt in multiple posts. Your examination should be both thorough and succinct. This is a combination that demands time and thought, so give yourself sufficient time to draft and revise. • Please be advised that until you post, you will not see what your fellow students are posting. Once you submit your post, you will be able to view the posts from your other classmates. You can then proceed to reply to at least two different threads based on the required material for this discussion. • Your list of references for your initial post should include the videos and the other required reading material for this discussion, the Instructor Guidance, and any other announcements presented to you by your professor. List all the course material that informed your work in the list of references and cite these too where appropriate. In addition, your references should include any other sources that you consult to inform yourself (but not Wikipedia or similar sources). • Your initial post for this discussion should be submitted no later than the end of Thursday (11:59 pm, U.S. Mountain time). ===================================================
PHI 445 Week 5 Discussion Discrimination Laws: Advantages and Disadvantages for both Employees and Business Case Study: Abercrombie & Fitch
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PHI 445 Week 5 Discussion Discrimination Laws: Advantages and Disadvantages for both Employees and Business Case Study: Abercrombie & Fitch Prepare: In your first post in this discussion, you will become familiar with the case of Abercrombie & Fitch by means of the relevant material in the Required Resources this week. There is also a specific media feature located at the end of Section 5.3 of the textbook titled Workplace Discrimination: Abercrombie & Fitch. In order to be prepared for this task, you will need to complete the required readings and media listed. Reflect: There are two sides to consider in the Abercrombie & Fitch case. On the one hand, we have the job candidate’s side. She went to the job interview wearing a hijab. The interviewer did not remark on the hijab, and the candidate also did not volunteer that her religious beliefs required her to wear a hijab. She was subsequently not hired based on the perception that her appearance was incongruous with the company’s look policy. For example, caps are not permitted and the male sales associates (referred to as “models” in the company’s corporate language) are often shirtless and in sweatpants in order to create the mood at the stores for the aesthetic for which Abercrombie & Fitch has become known: young, preppy, and hormonally charged. When she was notified that she was not hired for the position, she filed a complaint with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission that, in turn, filed a lawsuit on her behalf alleging a violation of Title VII. On the other hand, we have Abercrombie & Fitch’s side. As a company doing business in the United States, Abercrombie & Fitch is legally permitted to hire those employees who fit its look policy. This is no different from the look requirements
for the Dallas Cowboys Cheerleaders, the Chicago Bulls, the New York City Ballet company, or for jockeys hired by thoroughbred owners to race them at the Kentucky Derby. In all of these cases, there are height, size, and other look requirements for employment that are justified by the particular demands and aesthetics of the position. She was found to be qualified for the job but her dress was clearly in conflict with Abercrombie & Fitch’s look policy. Yet, the job applicant knowingly sought employment at this retailer. According to the law, should a special accommodation be required due to a religious practice, then Title VII dictates that the look requirements give way to the religious requirement in order not to be considered an act of religious discrimination. The EEOC prevailed in the District Court, but this judgment was reversed by the Tenth Circuit on the ground that failureto-accommodate liability only attaches when a job candidate provides the potential employer with knowledge of the need for an accommodation due to religious practice. Once it reached the Supreme Court, the decision was made in favor of the job candidate. According to Justice Scalia, Title VII does not demand mere neutrality with regard to religious practices—that they be treated no worse than other practices. Rather, it gives them favored treatment, affirmatively obligating employers not “to fail or refuse to hire or discharge any individual . . . because of such individual’s” “religious observance and practice.” An employer is surely entitled to have, for example, a no headwear policy as an ordinary matter. But when an applicant requires an accommodation as an “aspec[t] of religious . . . practice,” it is no response that the subsequent “fail[ure] . . . to hire” was due to an otherwise-neutral policy. Title VII requires otherwise-neutral policies to give way to the need for an accommodation. The only dissenting opinion was that of Justice Thomas who wrote: Mere application of a neutral policy cannot constitute “intentional discrimination.”...I would hold that Abercrombie’s conduct did not constitute “intentional discrimination.” Abercrombie refused to create an exception to its neutral Look Policy for Samantha Elauf ’s religious practice of wearing a headscarf... In doing so, it did not treat religious practices less favorably than similar secular practices, but instead remained neutral with regard to religious
practices...Resisting this straightforward application of §1981a, the majority expands the meaning of “intentional discrimination” to include a refusal to give a religious applicant “favored treatment.”...But contrary to the majority’s assumption, this novel theory of discrimination is not commanded by the relevant statutory text. Write: In the first part of your initial post, you will need to introduce the Abercrombie & Fitch lawsuit. In this introduction, you will also need to (1) articulate the freedoms that companies in the United States enjoy given our relatively-free market system and (2) present the Title VII regulations concerning employment discrimination. These will provide the setting for you to be able to examine how the nation’s laws affect the hiring practices of Abercrombie & Fitch and other companies whose hiring policy includes a particular aesthetic for employees. In the second part of your initial post, present your analysis of this case in a way that identifies which entities (Abercrombie & Fitch as a corporation, the economic system in the USA, the regulatory control of the state, or all of these) have a role in the problem that led to the lawsuit under examination. In your analysis, you must assess the positive or negative effects of the interplay between business activity and one of the following: the free- market system, advertising, hiring regulations, or corporate social responsibility. Your focus must be an ethical analysis of this interplay. Be sure to clearly identify the ethical theory that you are applying in your analysis, and to support your analysis by reliable and/or scholarly sources. Revise: Read the feedback provided by your professor to your initial post, either directly to you or to your fellow students. Use this as an opportunity to learn from your professor, especially with regard to the best ways to apply the course material and your research to your analysis. On the basis of what you have learned in this process, post an improved revision of your initial post that applies the additional knowledge that you have gained. Remember that your grade depends on the quality of your initial and revised responses, not just on the submission of an attempt at improvement. It is thus to your advantage to post the best initial post you can and then to also improve that best effort as much as you can through revision. Requirements for Your Initial Post: • Your initial post should be at least 350 words in length and have citations and references
in APA notation. It should address the prompt in its entirety. This means that you should not split your response to the prompt in multiple posts. Your examination should be both thorough and succinct. This is a combination that demands time and thought, so give yourself sufficient time to draft and revise. • Please be advised that until you post, you will not see what your fellow students are posting. Once you submit your post, you will be able to view the posts from your other classmates. You can then proceed to reply to at least two different threads based on the required material for this discussion. • Your list of references for your initial post should include not only the video and the other required material for this discussion, as well as the Instructor Guidance and any other announcements presented to you by your professor. Use all of the material presented to you in the course and by your professor, in addition to any other sources that you consulted to inform yourself about this case (but not Wikipedia or similar sources). • Your initial post for this discussion should be submitted no later than the end of Thursday (11:59 pm, U.S. Mountain time). ===================================================
PHI 445 Week 5 Final Project Argumentative Essay (Factory Farming :Perdue Farms)
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In the Week Three Assignment, you engaged in a case analysis of a current business problem using some of the components of an
argumentative essay. In this written assignment, you will write a complete argumentative essay as described in Sections 9.1 and 9.2 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking(Foster, Hardy, &Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). This essay will include a revised and polished version of your Week Three Assignment, an objection to your thesis, a rebuttal, and concluding remarks. In order to benefit the most, you should start working on your Final Project from the time you receive your Week Three Assignment back with comments from your professor. Your assignment should include the following: A revision of your Week Three Case Analysis Assignment. Your revision should represent a substantial edit of your work that fully incorporates feedback from your professor and goes well beyond correcting any grammatical or APA errors. The strongest possible objection to your thesis. After the final paragraph of your Week Three Case Analysis Assignment, start a new paragraph that introduces the strongest possible objection to your thesis. The considerations for this are detailed in Section 9.2 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking (Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). Make sure to employ the appropriate language to introduce the objection, such as “some may object to my thesis as follows” or “according to [so and so] the thesis presented here fails to account for X” [whatever he or she finds problematic]. You can find other language to do this, of course, but the key point here is to make sure that you indicate that someone else is speaking when presenting this objection. It is also important to remember that you do research to discover good objections and not merely objections that are weak and thus easily rebutted. Look for peer-reviewed journal articles in the Ashford University Library, full- text articles in Google Scholar, or articles in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Present the opposing position fairly and in detail. This may take more than one paragraph. A rebuttal. This is a refutation of the objection that you have just presented. Start this in a new paragraph following the objection paragraph(s). Once again, follow the indications of Section 9.2 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking (Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). You may point out an error in the objection. Or you may show that, while it is an important objection, it does not apply squarely
to your argument, or does not account for facts that make it irrelevant. Above all, make sure to maintain philosophical decorum in your rebuttal. Toward this end, you should apply the principles of charity and of accuracy, first introduced in the Week One course material. See “Confronting Disagreement” in Section 9.4 ofWith Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking (Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). Closing remarks. End your argumentative essay with a paragraph of closing remarks. Provide some reflections of what you have attempted to achieve by means of your essay. You could, for example, explain how your essay sheds light on the broader controversy that it addresses. Or you could point out how your essay addresses a frequently ignored point or the unpopular side in the controversy. You could also reflect on the related matters in the broader controversy that would be useful to examine by others. Do not merely summarize what you have done in the body of your essay, and do not add new information here that would support or contradict your essay since the body of your essay should have addressed all the relevant points. See “Closing Your Essay” in Section 9.2 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking (Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo (2015). Requirements for your Assignment: • Your assignment should be between 1500 to 1700 words in length, excluding the cover and references pages. • Your examination should be both thorough and succinct. This is a combination that demands time and thought, so give yourself sufficient time to draft and revise. • Your assignment should include citations, as well as a list of references. Both must be in APA form. • Your references should include at least four peer-reviewed articles in addition to those that you will be carrying over from our Week Three Case Analysis Assignment. These references should be drawn from the Ashford University Library, Google Scholar, or the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. • Your assignment should be submitted no later than the end of Monday (midnight, U.S. Mountain time). ===================================================
PHI 445 Week 5 Final Project Argumentative Essay (Gender Discrimination: Goodyear)
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In the Week Three Assignment, you engaged in a case analysis of a current business problem using some of the components of an argumentative essay. In this written assignment, you will write a complete argumentative essay as described in Sections 9.1 and 9.2 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking(Foster, Hardy, &Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). This essay will include a revised and polished version of your Week Three Assignment, an objection to your thesis, a rebuttal, and concluding remarks. In order to benefit the most, you should start working on your Final Project from the time you receive your Week Three Assignment back with comments from your professor. Your assignment should include the following: A revision of your Week Three Case Analysis Assignment. Your revision should represent a substantial edit of your work that fully incorporates feedback from your professor and goes well beyond correcting any grammatical or APA errors. The strongest possible objection to your thesis. After the final paragraph of your Week Three Case Analysis Assignment, start a new paragraph that introduces the strongest possible objection to your thesis. The considerations for this are detailed in Section 9.2 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking (Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). Make sure to employ the appropriate language to introduce the objection, such as “some may object to my thesis as follows” or “according to [so and so] the thesis presented here fails to account for X” [whatever he or she finds problematic]. You can find
other language to do this, of course, but the key point here is to make sure that you indicate that someone else is speaking when presenting this objection. It is also important to remember that you do research to discover good objections and not merely objections that are weak and thus easily rebutted. Look for peer-reviewed journal articles in the Ashford University Library, full- text articles in Google Scholar, or articles in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Present the opposing position fairly and in detail. This may take more than one paragraph. A rebuttal. This is a refutation of the objection that you have just presented. Start this in a new paragraph following the objection paragraph(s). Once again, follow the indications of Section 9.2 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking (Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). You may point out an error in the objection. Or you may show that, while it is an important objection, it does not apply squarely to your argument, or does not account for facts that make it irrelevant. Above all, make sure to maintain philosophical decorum in your rebuttal. Toward this end, you should apply the principles of charity and of accuracy, first introduced in the Week One course material. See “Confronting Disagreement” in Section 9.4 ofWith Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking (Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). Closing remarks. End your argumentative essay with a paragraph of closing remarks. Provide some reflections of what you have attempted to achieve by means of your essay. You could, for example, explain how your essay sheds light on the broader controversy that it addresses. Or you could point out how your essay addresses a frequently ignored point or the unpopular side in the controversy. You could also reflect on the related matters in the broader controversy that would be useful to examine by others. Do not merely summarize what you have done in the body of your essay, and do not add new information here that would support or contradict your essay since the body of your essay should have addressed all the relevant points. See “Closing Your Essay” in Section 9.2 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking (Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo (2015). Requirements for your Assignment: • Your assignment should be between 1500 to 1700 words in length, excluding the cover and references pages. • Your examination should
be both thorough and succinct. This is a combination that demands time and thought, so give yourself sufficient time to draft and revise. • Your assignment should include citations, as well as a list of references. Both must be in APA form. • Your references should include at least four peer-reviewed articles in addition to those that you will be carrying over from our Week Three Case Analysis Assignment. These references should be drawn from the Ashford University Library, Google Scholar, or the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. • Your assignment should be submitted no later than the end of Monday (midnight, U.S. Mountain time). ===================================================
PHI 445 Week 5 Final Project Argumentative Essay (GMOs: Monsanto)
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In the Week Three Assignment, you engaged in a case analysis of a current business problem using some of the components of an argumentative essay. In this written assignment, you will write a complete argumentative essay as described in Sections 9.1 and 9.2 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking(Foster, Hardy, &Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). This essay will include a revised and polished version of your Week Three Assignment, an objection to your thesis, a rebuttal, and concluding remarks. In order to benefit the most, you should start working on your Final Project from the time you receive your Week Three Assignment back with comments from your
professor. Your assignment should include the following: A revision of your Week Three Case Analysis Assignment. Your revision should represent a substantial edit of your work that fully incorporates feedback from your professor and goes well beyond correcting any grammatical or APA errors. The strongest possible objection to your thesis. After the final paragraph of your Week Three Case Analysis Assignment, start a new paragraph that introduces the strongest possible objection to your thesis. The considerations for this are detailed in Section 9.2 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking (Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). Make sure to employ the appropriate language to introduce the objection, such as “some may object to my thesis as follows” or “according to [so and so] the thesis presented here fails to account for X” [whatever he or she finds problematic]. You can find other language to do this, of course, but the key point here is to make sure that you indicate that someone else is speaking when presenting this objection. It is also important to remember that you do research to discover good objections and not merely objections that are weak and thus easily rebutted. Look for peer-reviewed journal articles in the Ashford University Library, full- text articles in Google Scholar, or articles in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Present the opposing position fairly and in detail. This may take more than one paragraph. A rebuttal. This is a refutation of the objection that you have just presented. Start this in a new paragraph following the objection paragraph(s). Once again, follow the indications of Section 9.2 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking (Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). You may point out an error in the objection. Or you may show that, while it is an important objection, it does not apply squarely to your argument, or does not account for facts that make it irrelevant. Above all, make sure to maintain philosophical decorum in your rebuttal. Toward this end, you should apply the principles of charity and of accuracy, first introduced in the Week One course material. See “Confronting Disagreement” in Section 9.4 ofWith Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking (Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). Closing remarks. End your argumentative essay with a paragraph of closing remarks. Provide some reflections of what you have attempted to
achieve by means of your essay. You could, for example, explain how your essay sheds light on the broader controversy that it addresses. Or you could point out how your essay addresses a frequently ignored point or the unpopular side in the controversy. You could also reflect on the related matters in the broader controversy that would be useful to examine by others. Do not merely summarize what you have done in the body of your essay, and do not add new information here that would support or contradict your essay since the body of your essay should have addressed all the relevant points. See “Closing Your Essay” in Section 9.2 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking (Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo (2015). Requirements for your Assignment: • Your assignment should be between 1500 to 1700 words in length, excluding the cover and references pages. • Your examination should be both thorough and succinct. This is a combination that demands time and thought, so give yourself sufficient time to draft and revise. • Your assignment should include citations, as well as a list of references. Both must be in APA form. • Your references should include at least four peer-reviewed articles in addition to those that you will be carrying over from our Week Three Case Analysis Assignment. These references should be drawn from the Ashford University Library, Google Scholar, or the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. • Your assignment should be submitted no later than the end of Monday (midnight, U.S. Mountain time).