Far away: South America A trip from the Andes of Colombia to the salt desert of Bolivia Sep 2018 — Feb 2019
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From C to B:
A trip from the Andes of Colombia to the salt desert of Bolivia
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Europe vs. South America Differences and similarities from places to people, in a connected world. P. 6–10 Travel as a vegetarian through South America How to travel as a vegetarian on the contryside. Bandeja Paisa the most favorite Colombian dish. P. 11–13 Between the borders On our travel we had to cross three borders. What happend on these bordercrossings? P. 14–15 Interview with a criminal guy in Bolivia A night out with a stranger. Who pops out to be one of the biggest criminals of Bolivian history P. 16–19 Trekking in South America The top 3 hotspots to go trekking in South America. The extreme experiences where everyone could get to their limit. P. 20–21
“Happy” the saddest dog in the world Our experience with hitchhiking and a wreid dog in the one of the most dangerous regions of Colombia. P. 22–23 Natural Medicine – worth a try? The latino medicine to cure all our afflictions. Alternatives of taking a pill. P. 24–27 Narcos Drug trafficing. Really as bad as the netflix show? P. 28–30
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Europe vs. South America Differences in a connected world
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Lodging, Transport, and Meals. Flight deals to major cities within South America don’t come up nearly as often as flight deals to Paris, Amsterdam, or Berlin. However, while the flight across the equator may be more expensive, it’s evened out by how inexpensive everything is once you’re there.
In Europe, you’d be lucky to find a decent hostel in a popular location for a nightly rate under $20; in fact, $20 may only be enough to cover your dinner for the day! Less “popular” areas, such as Belgium, as well as smaller towns within popular countries, can be cheaply navigated, but food and accommodation In South America, in major cities will even in touristy areas, run your budget up it’s very possible quickly. to survive on less than $20 per day; decent hostels can cost as little as $7/night, you can get a satisfying meal for under 10 soles (roughly $4), and transportation via cab or local bus is relatively cheap.
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The Sites Ready for the good news? Many museums in Europe are subsidized by the government and some offer students and those under 26 years old discounts. Some major cities, such as London, offer “Attractions Passes” for those interested in saving small amounts of money while seeing a lot of the sites. On the other hand, treks that compose the bulk of the really popular attractions in South America can be costly. An excursion to the Galapagos will run nearly $1000, hiking the four day Inca Trail will be close to $600 USD, and jungle treks in the Amazon can be high depending on the tour company. That said, if you’re the adventurous type, there are a lot of self-guided hikes and treks you can do instead with only a park’s minimal entrance fee as a major cost, such as through Torres del Paine in Patagonia, Chile, or the Colca Canyon in Peru. Museums and cathedrals in South America are also fairly inexpensive, and many sites just operate on visitor donations. It is important not to rob yourself of a bucket-list item because it’s more expensive than something less famous. When else are you going to get back to this place and have this chance? If you have to, skimp on accommodations and transportation, but indulge yourself in food and attractions; you can have a comfortable bed and a quiet bus ride when you’re back home. If you budget smartly, you will be able to do everything you want to do, no matter what continent you’re visiting. Smooth and Fast. Inter-city
connectivity by train lines such as EuroRail and TGV make getting around Europe extremely quick and easy, not to mention inexpensive flights offered by Ryanair. It’s perfectly feasible to be in Germany one day and France the next, with travel time reduced to a minimum. Plus, there are plenty of beautiful places to stop along the way while taking a train through Europe in order to ensure moretime on foot and less time in a train cab. Bumpy and Long You might not truly appreciate this interconnectivity and convenience until you experience the painstaking alternative. For example, in Peru, there are no high speed trains in between cities, flying is expensive, and the Andes mountains hinder road efficiency. You can spend a little more money for a tourist bus that makes several stops along the way to smaller off-theradar attractions, but due to the lengthy time it takes to get anywhere, it’s better to book night buses so you don’t lose precious days to travel time. You will never complain about an annoying connecting train in Brussels again once you’ve sat, or most likely stood, on a local Peruvian night bus for 13 hours, squished in by locals while an overzealous Spanish missionary yells to all the passengers about how you’re all going to Hell. Transportation in South America is an adventure on its own. Choosing to Learn is the Only Choice. You’re more likely to run into a local in Europe
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that speaks English than one in South America. Unless you’re in a smaller city or a place that doesn’t see a lot of tourists, most Europeans will do their best to speak English if you’re really struggling with their language. So, Europe is a good place to go if you’re just beginning your mastery of a plethora of second languages from French to German. On the other hand, South America is an ideal place to really immerse yourself in Spanish and Portuguese. There are not nearly as many people that speak English, or if they do, it is more often fragmented. This is especially true in more rural areas and smaller towns. Contrary to popular belief, South America offers great diversity in languages. There are many local dialects and native languages still used prevalently, such as Quechua in the Cusco region of Peru or Aymara in Bolivia, which is actually spoken so prevalently it is one of the country’s official languages. you don’t want to be stuck in a situation where you desperately need a bandaid and, having no idea how to ask for one, end up with a pharmacist interpreting your awkward hand signals as a need for feminine hygiene products. Plus, it’s polite to at least try. Man vs. Nature South America is a continent filled with some of the most amazing natural sights in the world; from Iguazu Falls to the Amazonian jungle and the jagged peaks of Patagonia to the canyons of the Andes to the Bolivian salt flats to
the desert dunes of Peru, there are many sights of natural wonders to bring viewers to their knees. While there are several incredible man made structures in South America, like Machu Picchu and Christ the Redeemer, it’s almost like every other street in Europe features an architectural triumph. Rome alone houses the Sistine Chapel, the Colosseum, and St. Peter’s Basilica, architectural wonders that should be on every traveler’s bucket list. The streets of pretty much every major city are sprinkled with cathedrals that took centuries to complete or the remains of city walls; one building in the French city of Lille still has cannon balls from a long-ago war lodged into its walls! There are some beautiful European natural sites, such as the Alps in Switzerland, the flower fields of France, and the Italian coast, but it’s generally the history and the architecture you go there to see. Ultimately, the type of sightseeing you enjoy, be it historical or natural wonders of the world, will determine whether you’ll prefer Europe or South America for your next travel destination. Common Sense No Matter the Continent. There’s a conception that in terms of safety, South America is more dangerous than Europe. But, like all places in the world, there are areas you avoid because you know they’re unsafe. Walking back to your hostel alone at night, no matter the city, is never a good idea. Petty theft occurs even in the safest of cities in the world,
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and like any smart traveler, it’s best to always have your belongings secure and to be aware of your new surroundings that, no matter where you are, will differ from the comfort of home. Plus, it’s always entertaining when, after wrapping every backpack strap around various limbs to prevent theft while sleeping, you have to untangle yourself from your own trap in the morning. People The North American concept of personal space dissipates the minute you cross international borders. Having less space to work with than the United States and Canada, Europeans and South Americans even more so, are used to living on top of each other and stuffing in more people per square foot than what we are used to. Moreover, South Americans, and many Europeans by nature, like to be close to another person while in a conversation, though to a typical North American this may seem rude and intrusive. No one is intentionally trying to make you uncomfortable when they’re standing extra close to you on the London Tube; for them it’s normal and commonplace to not allow another person their meter’s-width of free air. South Americans are also generally not as obsessive about germs and anti-bacterial soap as we are, and thus will have no qualms over kissing the faces and hands of strange tourists they’ve just met. Conversely, in a place like New York, you may find that a simple brush against a local’s arm will
make them want to beat you with a crowbar. Such an attitude will get you nowhere in South America nor Europe. There are a lot of stereotypes about people in various parts of the world the Brits are gloomy, and the Spanish are loud. These may or may not be the case, and it’s important to approach everything with an open mind. Chances are, if you are willing to be respectful and accepting of another person’s culture and country, they will welcome travelers with open arms rather than scorn. Which is for You? Europe and South America are such vastly different places that it’s difficult to compare them; neither is better than the other, and both will offer you very different traveling experiences. Only you can decide what’s right for your budget, your sightseeing desires, and your comfort zone – though isn’t the major benefit of traveling to coax yourself out of that comfort zone? Text — Fanni Kleilein
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Travel as a vegetarian through South America South America is known for its tropical landscapes, bustling cities, vibrant cultures, and meat. Lots of meat. Admittedly, it’s not the easiest continent to visit for those seeking vegetarian dishes. The concept of vegetarianism is not widely embraced or understood here yet; if you request a vegetarian meal, you may, for example, receive a vegetable dish served with fish or chicken. So, it’s
best to be specific and ask for options without fish, red meat, or chicken. While vegetarian options vary region to region, there are some good vegetarian choices in every country in South America. Eggs, cheese and pulses also feature heavily on all local dinner tables, as do potatoes, corn, yuca and cassava. Granted, all these are mostly served as ‘sides’ to a meat-dish.
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Bandeja Paisa is a traditional dish from the north of colombia, mainly eaten in the region of Medellin. The traditional version of Bandeja Paisa includes beans, white rice, pork, beef, a sausage, a plantain (salty banana), avocado and arepa. The dish is usually served with a hot sauce (aji) and lemons. In most of the restaurants there is a vegetarian option - where they serve instead of meat corn. A meal shouldn’t cost on the market more than 3000 Pesos (which is equal to 90 cents) and in a restaurant 7000.
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Between the borders Text — Anton Wendel
Colombias border to Ecuador is very busy, apparently, due to the high number of Venezuelans fleeing their country and heading South. (The humanitarian crisis of Venezuela was in the north of south america always visible. We met with a lot of people who left there home in search for a brighter future, down to more secure countries like Argentinia or Chile. All in all there is no country in Southamerica which is save. Most of the people fight daily for their existence with no safety. While we visited South America, the Argentinian peso dropped around 30% percent in one night.)
Between Ecuador and Peru there opened a new border crossing. The route was the most dangerous road of Ecuador. But passing many small mountain villages and gorgeous views. Between Peru and Bolivia is one of the most commercial spots in Southamerica. Bordercrossing with big tourist groups and souvenirs.
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Interview with a criminal guy in Bolivia
18 La Paz City — We had one night a chat with a guy who was a professional robber. I thought its the chance ones in a lifetime to interview someone like him. His name he don’t want to share. But is quite small, grey hair and in total a groomed impression. (Translated from Spanish)
Anton Wendel: How did you get to the other side of the law? The Criminal: I was born poor in 1940s Bolivia. We were starving! We didn’t even have espadrilles. When I was 12 or 13 years old I was already being taken to prison for doing simple mischief. AW: And you decided to hide in the mountains. TC: My mother couldn’t pay the fines, so I stayed there. But I don’t hold a grudge against anyone. I don’t know how to hate. AW: She waged war on society? TC: No, I was pushed to defend myself. I’m not. Since I was a child, I crossed the Bolivian/Argentinian border with my brothers to smuggle for survival. Later, in the military, I emptied a company warehouse and had to flee to the mountains. But I never forgot my origins: I started working as a bricklayer, which has been my life’s profession. I retired on the building site. AW: Didn’t you quit even after you robbed your first bank? TC: That money was for just causes, never for me. It was an honour and
a pleasure to empty the cash box! Of course, without hurting anyone, I was assure about that. AW: Who taught you the trade? TC: For some time, I had some of the guerrillas staying at my house. I was a sponge listening to them. AW: Didn’t you quit even after you robbed your first bank? TC: That money was for just causes, never for me. It was an honour and a pleasure to empty the cash box! Of course, without hurting anyone, I was assure about that. AW: They also inherited you a gun? TC: Yes, I used it in my rounds. I’m sorry. At three o’clock ones was a poor worker with dirty hands and at five o’clock, ones was a millionaire. They did those things out of sheer ignorance. They were suckers. A kid like me, so idealistic, would piss and piss and rob. AW: What did you do with the money? TC: I financed people without resources, organizations of political struggle, social actions, unions, protests... I never had a penny left. AW: Never hurt anyone? TC: Luckily, I never spilled blood. As soon as I knew another way to recover means from capitalism, I left the banks. AW: You mean counterfeit money? TC: I mean counterfeiting whatever it takes. I’m sorry. Through the Cuban ambassador, I met Che Guevara in 1962 and
19 proposed a plan to counterfeit dollars on a large scale. AW: Caramba! What did Che say? TC: He disappointed me. He didn’t believe in my idea. But I could see it coming: in the end, Che was a poor devil: an altar boy in the service of Fidel Castro, who is a perverse man. All the governments of the world are criminals! AW: ”Che was a poor devil: an altar boy in the service of Fidel Castro, who is a perverse man.” TC: If you say so... AW: I don’t say it, but Machiavelli TC: there is no government without crime. And these gentlemen madethemselves the owners of Cuba. What for? To have their own private ranch. Is that the revolution? Of course not! AW: Do you still feel like a libertarian? TC: No. I’ve never taken a step backwards in my ideas. I believe in the real possibility of ending social injustice. And I tell young people to dare to change the world. The officers conveyed to me their admiration for my idealism and for respecting people’s lives – I call that doing things right! Interview — Anton Wendel
In the 60s to Bolivia where he became to meet the guy from the interview. The Bolivian Ñancahuazú Guerrilla came as a group with 50 people but where harshly punished by the government. The group operated in the rainforest next to Bolivias capital Santa Cruz. A group of one of only five guerrillas managed to survive and flee to Chile.
A four-day trek through some of Ecuador’s most beautiful landscapes, the Golondrinas Cloud Forest Trek is a great option for a less intense trek, as it is almost entirely downhill. Set in a private cloud forest reserve, with profits from tourist activities going towards conservation projects, the trek starts out at around 4000 m (13,100 ft) before descending through various climatic zones to the subtropical Mira Valley.
PERU
COLCA CANYON
Peru’s spectacular Colca Canyon is one of the deepest canyons in the world and is a truly breathtaking landscape of mountains, rivers, farmland and distant snowcapped peaks. You can trek in the canyon for two or three days, and most treks include a descent to the bottom of the canyon and a tricky ascent back to the rim. Along the way, keep an eye out for Andean Condors, the canyon’s most faWmous residents.
SOUTH AMERICA:
TREKKING IN
20 980m 4020m
1309m
Colombia
National Park
This little-known, gloriously off–the–beaten–track National Park offers around 50 km (31 miles) of beautiful hiking trails through gorgeous high–altitude valleys and moors. With stunning glacial lakes, snowcapped peaks, and panoramic vistas, El Cocuy might not be very well-known, but it offers some of Colombia’s best hiking opportunities.
EL COCUY
ECUADOR
GOLONDRINAS CLOUD FOREST TREK
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‘Happy’ The saddest dog in the world The Laguna de la Cocha lies somewhere in between the unknown Colombian Pacific Ocean and the still from the Farc operated region Putumayo. The lagoon is one of the largest Colombian lakes. It lays on 2600 meters. In San Augustin we got a recommendation to one of the most beautiful places in Colombia. So after two weeks we decided to leave our new Home place for new adventures. One of the locals brought us to the bus station but after a hour of waiting, we decided to walk and catch the bus somewhere on the track. It was extremely hot so we considered already heading back to San Augustin, luckily a couple with their car asked us if we wanted to join them. The town Mocoa itself is not that interesting. Some small shops (and the best ayurasca) in whole Southamerica. The couple invited us for lunch. We where in a little bit of hurry because it was getting dark and we had to get to our Host in
the Rainforest outside of the town. Some locals took us with them an we arrived well at our place. The next day we went up to one of the most impressing natural plays I have ever seen. The ojos del dio consists out of five different waterfalls. We where walking for around 4 hours through a riverbed. Somewhen the riverbed opened up and you saw nothing as rainforest for kilometres. While we have been to the waterfall we met a couple from California. The couple has been on their way down from the US, with their camper, to Argentinia. Kyuri and Szymon catched up already a hitchhiker who was travelling since 14 years. We wanted to cross the border to Ecuador so we decided to ask them if we could join the to Pasto a place next to the border. The next day was my girlfriends birthday so we came a little late to the meeting place with the Camper. We headed back to town to get some lunch. Kyuri loves the outdoors, and being her own boss as a freelance instructor gives her the freedom to explore and travel. She believes that our zeal for life is constantly refueled by reconnecting with nature whilst we unplug and plug back into our true selves. Yoga became such a huge influence in her life because it has taught her so much about herself and the universal consciousness. It has taught her that life is more than the mundane work, come home, sleep, repeat process. It’s about being present and showing up for herself everyday and using the time she has on this earth to pursue her wildest dreams. She has a wander-
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lust heart and she loves to share her passions with her community. She loves to give back, share kindness and help people find peace in their hearts through her practice. Szymon’s favorite things consist of: the outdoors, cycling, hiking, backpacking, photography, and a good breakfast. Having immigrated from a small town in Poland to Chicago as a 9 year old, the move provided him with an opportunity to experience a new society bursting with diversity, and later the ability to explore this new big country as a teen. That sparked a love for adventure, cultures, travel, and the invaluable education and tales that come with it. He’s on a quest to learn more, to leave a positive impact, and to share stories with those he has to fortune to cross paths with. We had a ride in front of us, through the most dangerous road in Colombia (la ruta de la muerte/ route of the death). After a few stops because the road was blocked or there was a river passing the street, we arrived successfully in a small town. At the end of the town we saw a sign which was leading to the Lagoon. Because it was already getting dark and the streets are not that save at night we tought, possibly we will find a place to sleepn somewhere around the Laguna de la Cocha. The lagoon was settled in the middle of the 20th century by Swiss settlers so all the houses looked like in a Swiss mountain village. Because of the height also the vegetation wasn’t that various so it felt we took som where the wrong turn and arrived in the alps. The place where we slept was super
cosy. So we decided to extend our stay in Colombia for some days. On the next day a neighbour invited us for some special looking berries which coloured everything violet so we where looking in the end like the chewing gum girl from Charlie and the chocolate factory. We explored the lagoon and went with a Kanu to the middle of the lake. The host decided for the next night because he had already some booked guests, we had to leave the place. So we searched a new stay, the janitor invited us to sleep at his place with his family. His wife was a very lovely woman who cooked very well. The house was inside completely pink and the object of most value is always the music station which is placed always on a throne. In the morning the daughter of our host was showing us their property. We where only wondering about the masses of gun pigs they had and we found out they are a delicatess in whole southamerica. Then we heard a very wreid sound, something in between a human cry and a frog - but definitely we didn’t expected a dog. The dog was the most pitiful animal every seen. He was an undefined knot or ballof hairs and dreads, blind and so fat that the dog wasn’t able to leave his doghouse. So this dog had no interaction with anyone or anything for years it seemed. The owner came and told us this is his dog “Felice/ Happy” — what an abstract name for this creature… Text — Anton Wendel
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Natural medicine – worth a try? A variety of colours, leaves and flowers – something new to discover in every niche.
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So it is not surprising why people started collecting, processing and tasting the fruits of nature thousands of years ago. It was not only a matter of taste, but also the effect of plants on the human body. Whether passed on by indigenous people or drop-outs, many rituals with plants are deeply rooted in South America and still widespread.
morning I wake up perfectly fit. A few weeks later I feel a bit sickly again and I visit one of the countless “Tiendas Naturistas”. Among them you can imagine a pharmacy that only sells herbal medicines. Oregano oil is unfortunately hard to find. Instead an extract of the Copaiba tree is sold to me as a panacea.
I had my first encounter with natural medicine when I met a couple from Los Angeles. Equipped with a rich and constantly growing caravan natural pharmacy, the couple have been travelling through South America for two years now and take me along for a few days. We are hiking high in the mountains. Against the height and exhaustion we all put some coca leaves in our cheeks. Arrived at the top a woman sits and sells us freshly brewed coca tea. Although the coca leaves are part of cocaine, their effect should not be equated with it.
From now on my constant companion – for internal and external use, with an immune-strengthening and anti-inflammatory effect. My fascination for herbal medicine, which is an important part of the South American culture, is growing. I keep my senses open for new knowledge and soon I have my own little travel pharmacy in my luggage.
The fresh taste helps against nausea and at the same time the leaves get the circulation going, the body can absorb more oxygen. In the Andes, the leaves are widely used, especially to counteract the phenomenon of altitude sickness. Shortly afterwards I have a cold. My friends from Los Angeles tell me that they have never been sick on their journey and that I don’t have to torture myself any further, remedy no. 1: oregano oil. 4 drops in a little water as a shot, in the morning and in the evening should help. The so called “natural antibiotic” is etching my throat, but lo and behold, the next
At the socalled witch market (Mercado de las brujas) in La Paz I buy dried cat’s claw (Una de Gato), which is one of the strongest medicinal plants in the rainforest. Its effect is not immediately noticeable, but indigenous people swear by the cleansing, strengthening and soothing effect of the plant, which is now also reco nized by Western medicine. On the markets in Peru you can buy kilograms of maca powder. I already know Maca as an expensive commodity from organic markets in Berlin. Since the Maca root has its origin in Peru, it was researched here very early on. The plant has a balancing effect on hormones and is traditionally used to cheer up the mood and strengthen the libido. Moringa, Guarana, Palo Santo,
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Turmeric, Aloe Vera aka “plantas medicinales” — the list goes on. Remarkable is the new wave of attention that the traditional medicinal plants now receive from more and more people, also from other countries. In recent years, the business with the so-called “Superfoods” has also established itself in our country. In South America itself, more and more shops are being opened by emigrants, which makes some traditions of natural medicine accessible to every tourist. Even if this sometimes seems less authentic – using nature as medicine is something that has strongly influenced mankind in its evolution. In anycase, there is no harm in spreading the helpful information about medicinal plants in the western world. Herbal medicine works by supporting the healthy functions of the body in a natural way. With this principle of action it is worthwhile to revive old traditions. Text — Fanni Kleilein
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Narcos
Almost 80% of the cocaine and 90% of the marijuana entering the United States come from Latin America. Produced in the Andes region (Bolivia, Peru and Colombia), the drugs transit via the West Indies, Central America and Mexico, which are the trafficking centres of the international mafia allied with the Colombian drug cartels that lay down the law in the region. The United States has adopted various strategies to combat drug-trafficking: the destruction of clandestine laboratories, the interception of drug shipments at borders, and the deployment of special forces. Trained during the 1980s to fight guerrilla movements, these forces are now organised as local armed units and constitute a new type of US intervention in the region. Peru has been hailed an emerging market success story, with more than a decade of GDP growth in excess of 6%. While booming mining exports have been the overwhelming driver of this, the shopping malls and SUVs in Lima and other major cities are evidence that domestic demand has also been buoyant. Since the fall of the authoritarian government in 2000, Peru has enjoyed an unusually long period of political stability, with orderly changes of democratically elected government in 2006 and 2011, and continuity in economic policy. All of this is in sharp contrast to the economic and political chaos that characterised the country in the 1980s and 1990s. Hyperinflation, high levels of corruption and ter-
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rorist threats from the country’s communist party known as the Shining Path and the marxist Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement were a common feature. But the recent economic boom and political stability mask a series of other severe long-term challenges. Leaving aside the potential for economic difficulties in commodity prices and a plummet in international demand for Peru’s natural resource exports, the country’s role in the international narcotics trade is cause for concern. Coca production in Peru Peru surpassed neighbouring Colombia as the world’s largest producer of coca, the raw material for cocaine. This was the result of far more aggressive and successful eradication efforts in Colombia. Peru has since stepped up aggressively, meaning that coca production last year was at its lowest, and Colombia regained its position as the world’s leading producer. But this does not mean that the problems Peru faces are any less serious. Coca production in Peru is closely linked to the remnants of Shining Path. These are mostly in an area known as the Valle de los Rios Apurimac, in the south central Andes. While quite aggressive military operations are targeting the group there, authorities earlier this year decided to halt eradication, set up a no-fly zone and encourage farmers to grow alternative crops such as coffee and cocoa. The result has been a precipitous increase in coca production, alongside a dramatic fall in output elsewhere.
International operations Indeed, a more general significant consequence of Peru’s position in the global drugs trade has been a rise in international cartel operations there. Mexican cartels dominate, operating particularly in northern Peruvian coastal cities such as Chimbote, Trujillo and Tumbes. And this has driven a massive increase in violence. While Peru’s murder rate is relatively low by Latin American standards (at 6.6 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2013), murder rates in some northern cities resemble those in the more violent countries of Central America. In 2013, the city of Barranca saw 36.2 murders per 100,000 inhabitants, while Trujillo had 25, Tumbes 24.8 and Chimbote 22.1. Organised crime Drug cartel activities occur alongside organised crime, with extortion a growing problem. The fruits of economic boom have helped fuel this, with the huge increase in construction activity a frequent target for criminal groups such as La Gran Familia whose operations are taking on an international flavour. Peripheral areas of Lima are increasingly being targeted, such as San Juan de Lurigancho, a large area where there are two large prisons from which many extortion operations are coordinated despite authorities’ attempts to block mobile phone and internet access. There is a lack of police capacity to combat organised crime, along with deeply embedded corruption. Expensive mobile phone signal blockers installed at
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prisons, for example, are rarely switched on as a result of corruption within the prison system. And, for as long as the wealthier parts of Lima remain largely untouched by violent crime, authorities are likely to do relatively little to tackle it. Indeed, the relative impunity of organised criminals suggests that corruption may reach relatively high levels, which is another frequent negative consequence of a natural resource boom. Two recent former presidents currently face investigation for corruption, one of whom is alleged to have links to drug trafficking. None of this is likely to make much difference, however, with current security and counter-narcotics strategies remaining largely unchanged. This means that the status quo is likely to continue. Failing to deal with its drug problem in the long-term will harm Peru’s continued growth and, if its economy suffers a downturn, there is potential for a major spike in violent crime and related activity. Text — Christopher Woody for Business Insider
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Imprint: Free University of Bozen-Bolzano Faculty of Design and Art Bachelor in Design and Art – Major in Design WUP 19/20 1st-semester foundation course Project Modul: Editorial Design Design by: Anton Wendel Magazine From C to B Supervision: Project leader: Prof. Antonino Benincasa Project assistants: Maximilian Boiger, Andreas Trenker Photography: Anton Wendel, Fanni Kleilein Paper: Cover/Inside pages – Crush UVA, 100 g/m2 Photos – UMP digi Format: 210 x 297 mm/ 158 × 222 mm
Fonts/Font Sizes & Leading: Body Text Media77 regular 13/15 pt Cover title Text SangBleu Empire 50/55,5 pt Title Text Neue Anica Haas Pro 110/111 pt Subtitle Text Media77 21/23 pt Layout Grid: 12 Column Grid Module proportion: 0.234 : 1 Character per line Body Text: 33 characters including spaces Binding: 8 Stitch binding Printed: Bozen-Bolzano, January 2020 Inside pages – Digital Print/Canon Cover – Digital Print
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