Bamboo Enterprise Ecosystem by Centre for Green Building Materials & Technology

Endaro Mahanubhavulu Andariki Vandanamulu

Developing The Bamboo Enterprise Ecosystem in India I.V.Ramanuja Rao PhD Director, Livelihood & Economic Development Programme International Network for Bamboo and Rattan (INBAR) Chair, Centre for Indian Bamboo Resource and Technology (CIBART) and its group of state-level organizations Chair, NATIVE Social Enterprises

INBARâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Action Research Sites in Asia, Africa and Latin America

Business & Investment Plans Institutional Systems Policy Development

INBAR Work on Bamboo Uses • Incense sticks - mass market, over 4 million people employed - propoor production • Pencils – totally industrial production made pro-poor • Matchsticks – largely industrial production made pro-poor • Flooring – industrial production made pro-poor • Laminated panels – industrial production made pro-poor • Ethanol biofuel – small farmer production • Charcoal – enhanced inclusion of women in production • Biomass pellets – industrial production • Cellulosic textile fiber – small farmer – industrial production • Wastewater treatment • Furniture • Construction – homes, schools, marketplaces, resorts, restaurants, etc • Boats for fishing, transportation and touristic purposes, shallow draft

Value Proposition?

Project or Community Site

Trials & Learning Embedded

Production & Training Centre fully supported

Market to Self-financing to For-profit

The need for options

*data from India

Facts about Bamboo • Bamboo is woody. Pro-poor wood. Pro-environment wood. • Cutting mature bamboo poles does not lead to deforestation. Cutting trees does. • Bamboo is the highest producer of woody biomass. Up to and over 50 tons a year/acre can be obtained if farmed like an agricultural crop • Bamboo is the fastest growing plant, grows 48 inches in one day and 100 feet in 3-4 months • The first gramophone needle was made from bamboo • The first electric bulb filament was made from bamboo

Bamboo is fodder for livestock, is feed for chicken, and feed for fish and shrimp â&#x20AC;˘

Bamboo leaves are eaten by goats, sheep, cows, buffaloes, donkeys, guinea pigs, chicken (the broilers need the young leaves chopped up while the grown chicken seem to do fine with the full leaves too), field rodents (large ones which are eaten). Besides pandas, mountain gorillas and elephants eat bamboo leaves too. Also horses, deer, llamas and others.

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In the end, bamboo is a grass

Bamboo leaves are strewn around the ranging area for the older chickens to peck at

â&#x20AC;˘The weights of the bamboo-fed chickens are significantly higher than control batches

The finished product

Bamboo fibre

Environmental Rehabilitation & Protection • Good farms degraded by mining topsoil for brick-making made productive again - $15,000 project in 1997 won $1 million Alcan Prize for Sustainable Development in 2007. • 85,000 ha rehabilitated to date benefitting 90,000 farming households • Other wastelands, saline soils, waterlogged soils can be rehabilitated

Industrial Quality â&#x20AC;&#x201C; even for handicrafts -otherwise call them art if they are unique pieces

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Industrialâ&#x20AC;? Craft Products - Production for Markets Livelihood and Economic Development Programme

How would you create rural employment and income? Choose the right product! A volume one, not a value one Incense sticks generate 90% rural jobs at the lowest 10% value addition. In rural Tripura, India, 150,000 new jobs are being created by INBARâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s work. Matchsticks, pencil slats present similar opportunities.

Bamboo Matchsticks Livelihood and Economic Development Programme

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2.6 million cubic metres of wood used per year in India alone! Communities can produce bamboo matchsticks, not wood Matches produced from bamboo, patented Prototype machines for making sticks developed, can be hand, pedal or electric operated, produces 0.3 million sticks a day INBAR has a patent on bamboo matchsticks for keeping it in the public domain

v Bamboo Matchsticks

Livelihood and Economic Development Programme

Bamboo pencils

have a future!

Flattened Bamboo & Applications Livelihood and Economic Development Programme

Beams and columns any lengths and thicknesses

Konkan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Bamboo School and General Furniture Livelihood and Economic Development Programme

Packaging with bamboo has a great future

Bamboo flooring: made by the poor, laid by the poor

The process begins with harvesting of raw bamboo, which is then cut into pieces and split.

The split bamboo is cut into slat pieces.

After being treated, the slats are left to dry.

The slats are re-sized into uniform widths and thicknesses, then laminated.

The flooring is planed, sanded and a final layer of polyurethane is added to create a hard-wearing, long-lasting finish.

Bamboo Membrane Furniture Livelihood and Economic Development Programme

Livelihood and Economic Development Programme

Bamboo Furniture

Bamboo furniture

Bamboo furniture Manufacturing

Product Policy Change: Philippines Bamboo school desks included in policy; previously only hardwood desks allowed

• Five-year effort • School desks institutional market policy 25% reserved • =1.16 million bamboo desks and armchairs!

Bamboo School Desk

In Ghana, school desks from bamboo allowed in addition to wood ones in 2008

Poverty Alleviation through Biomass for Renewable Carbon-neutral Power and Fuel • A huge opportunity exists for using bamboo for power production • Calorific value of 4000-4500; coal is 3000-6000 calories • 1.2 kg of bamboo produces 1 KwH • Pellets and briquettes can be produced for urban markets (100% yield) with 8000-1200 calories energy

• Income generating opportunities for women: The aggregated waste charcoal from cooking with firewood by poor rural households (124.94 million poor households) can be up to 22.8 million tons/year, generating USD 3.42 billion. A woman in a rural household in a subsistence economy could get an incremental income of $27 over a year without any incremental work or use of additional firewood. • Environmental protection and rehabilitation: 120 million ha of land in India are estimated to be degraded or are wastelands. If half - 60 million ha – is farmed for biomass production using commercial funding, generating 4.455 billion tons of bamboo biomass. Bamboo farming has been proven to help rehabilitate degraded lands (improvement of water holding capacity and soil pH). • Rural livelihoods and income generation: Assuming one person is employed per 0.4 ha farm (average size of a rainfed smallholder land holding in India), then up to 149 million rural people would find employment with an annual income per farm between USD 1330 (INR 60,000) and USD 2000 (INR 90,000), more than the Natural Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme benchmark.

Ghana â&#x20AC;&#x201C; bamboo charcoal production Livelihood and Economic Development Programme

Livelihood and Economic Development Programme

Rural households cooking on woodburning stoves

• Wood is burned • Charcoal produced as a by-product

Charcoal markets

• Charcoal aggregated by household clusters

• Commercial quantities attained

Markets and opportunities • 500 million households use firewood for cooking • Produce three-times (!) the amount of conventionally-produced charcoal (world charcoal production estimated at almost 50 million tons) • Just one square kilometre with 70 households could produce 20 tons of charcoal per year, with a value of US$4000 • An area with a radius of 30 km would produce $11 million worth of charcoal. This distance is good for logistics.

How would you create rural employment and income? Build with bamboo! Bamboo construction in urban areas generated 9 rural jobs for every 1 urban job. Unlike conventional construction. It is the advantage the material provides â&#x20AC;&#x201C; it grows in rural areas, can be processed in rural areas.

Bamboo Gazebo

Bamboo Cottage - Exteriors

Interiors & Details

Cibartâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Eco Friendly Bamboo Boathouse

Bamboo Boathouse

Bamboo Boathouse - Interiors

Hotel Lemon Tree, Goa

Bamboo Restaurant at Sun Village - Goa

Lavasa City Nature Trail

Bamboo Pavilion, Sesa Goa

Presade De Goa

Taj Becal

Sedade De Goa

Roof for Farm house

Bamboo competion

Fisherman work/live space

Grow your own hybrid home

Eco tourist huts

Eco tourist bamboo treehouses

Bamboo lakeside pavillion

Bamboo pavillion

Fractile Pavillion

Wind and water cafĂŠ, Saigon, Vietnam

Hybrid bridge concept

Theatre for Cuba

Eco tourist vacation home

Temporary structure

Sculpture for Hawaii

Bamboo eco tourist treehouse

Hybrid Garden138

Theatre pavillion

Portable shopping stalls for Haiti

Emergency Housing

Bamboo for emergency housing

Affordable Housing

Multi use Multi shape bamboo structures

Bamboo ecolodge treehouse

Hybrid bamboo house

Temporary shelter

Collapsing bamboo structure

Upscale Bamboo Hybrid House

The finished product

Walking the Talk Livelihoods is about making money + Money is made by successful businesses = Livelihood development needs staff who are like businessmen and women

Community-Professionals Proportional Partnerships 100%

professionals (mostly urban)

communities (mostly rural)

increasing technology, production complexity & value-

proportional partnership

100% community

social enterprises

private

SOCIAL INTRAPRENUERS public people working in the social-to-private domain

public institutions

Social Enterprises

SOCIAL EXTRAPRENUERS private people working in the social-topublic domain

social enterprises

Private Enterprises

Public Institutions

Public-to-Private Enterprise Gradient

private enterprises

Move from Grant to Sales/Credit • ARS have started with seed money as grants, sometimes as low as $10,000. • In comparison to a modest revenue of USD 15,284 in 2005, the INBAR Konkan ARS increased its revenue 17.7 times in just four years to reach USD 271,026 by 2008. 60% is from sales. • A social enterprise company with an initial capitalization of over $250,000 has now been set up.

NATIVE Companies for-profit social enterprise grouping • NATIVE is NAtural resources , Technology, InnoVation, Enterprises • NATIVE also means Native People • Umbrella holding company will have verticals of business development, enterprise finance, for-profit part of GMI where profits, licensing, royalties and legal issues are involved (Design Exchange, Technology Exchange, Processes Exchange) • NATIVE Rural Bamboo Pvt Ltd; NATIVE Konkan Bamboo Pvt Ltd; NATIVE Development Services Ltd.

Resources & Inventory • Resource inventories are mostly done of forests • Not of homesteads • In Bangladesh and Kerala state (India), over 80% bamboo used comes from rural homesteads, which would mean that assessments can be quite off the mark • Bamboo is a resource that is immensely beneficial to rural communities. This needs to be prioritized in resource inventories

Village-level inventory and analysis

Quality, treated bamboo -quality bamboo gives a uniform, dependable product • Right species • Age-classified • Treated

Pressure Treatment Plant