Precious metals - reliable protection for 5,000 years The Taurus Sachwerte AG is an independent reseller of physical precious metals. We sell precious metals in the form of bars and coins. The buyer acquires the physical precious metals to his personal property.
Secured by tangible assets We have found the signals of impending global crisis for our customers and implemented correctly. Meanwhile, the precious metal prices have doubled, so that our customers are optimally secured against losses.
Silver industrial demand is expected to increase by 36 percent by 2015 Market researchers expect a significant increase in silver consumption, since more technologies rely on the precious metal and the industry has no alternatives to replace the metals.
“The most important precious metal in history is silver, not gold.“ Nobel price winner Milton Friedman (1694-1778)
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Contents Precious Metals
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Silver
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Gold
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Platinum
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Palladium
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Advantages
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Stock photos
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Contact
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Precious Metals Precious metals are produced in varying amounts. While around 20,000 tons of silver are produced, the amount of platinum is only about 180 tons. But the central banks hold about 30,000 tons of gold, half of which is accounted for by the U.S., Germany and the International Monetary Fund. In Asia, making gold stocks from a much smaller part of the total reserves. In some countries of the Middle East and Asia, there are less than three percent, which will provide in the coming years to further stimulate demand.
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chemical symbol „Ag“
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Silver Silver is rarer than gold. Few people currently own silver. If every European would want to own silver, each one would only get half an ounce.
Precisely the situation we have now. Investors are paying attention to silver now due to the rising gold prices. For diversification in addition to gold you can now buy silver too.
Silver is a convenient investment and everyone can and will afford it, as the price rises. While gold now reached new highs, silver is still far from its historical high price. Historically, silver was in its big brother gold price history for ever to surpass its performance shortly thereafter by a multiple.
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Design and appearance of silver
Melting and boiling point of silver
Silver occurs in nature, as well as gold, in solid form (as a pure chemical element). It has a grainy shape or forming a wire-like, ramified braid. It is also found as an alloy with gold and other metals and in minerals such as Argentite and Chlorargyrite. Most silver is produced as a byproduct by refining copper,gold,lead and zinc.
The melting point of silver is 961.78 degrees Celsius (1234.93 Kelvin), the boiling point at 2162 degrees Celsius (2435 degrees Kelvin).
Reach of Silver The estimates by scientists about the scope of resources vary between 13 and 30 years. The largest reserves are attributed to Poland (140,000 tons). On top of that silver can also be recycled for use in the industry.
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Density of silver Silver has a density of 10.49 g/cm3, and is one of the heavy metals.
Features of Silver Silver has the highest electrical conductivity of all the elements, and the highest thermal conductivity of all metals.
Flow of silver
Applications of silver
The following states are among the largest silver producing countries (tons of silver in 2008): Peru (3,500), Mexico (3,000), China (2,560), Chile (1,900), Australia (1,880), U.S. (1,260), Poland (1,200), Canada (800). In 2008 a total amount of about 20,800 tons of silver were mined.(by comparison, the flow rate from 100 years ago: 6,320 tonnes).
Silver is applied in the manufacture of: • • • • • • •
glass, mirrors catalysts, solar systems refrigerators, water treatment batteries, plasma screens musical instruments silverware, cutlery, sacred objects in medical technology (antibacterial effect): silver coating in endoscopic devices, in silver-containing wound dressings / ointments, silver alloy in dentistry • jewelry and Coins
Silver demand 8%
Industry Photography Jewelry Silverware Coins and bullion
7%
19%
13%
53%
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chemical symbol „Au“
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Gold Scientists have calculated that only 45,300 tons of gold can be mined. This corresponds to a residual degradation time of the gold reserves of about 30 years. The annual gold production is only about 2,400 tons. Demand, however, is located at about 4,100 tons per year.
Known asset managers have in the portfolios of their wealthy customers still significant integrated gold shares for asset management and insurance. The central banks of the economically most important countries in the world store tons of gold to ensure the public finances.
Gold offers effective protection against economic crises and currency reforms. The focus is on capital preservation, not an investment.
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Designation of Gold
Melting and boiling point of gold
The name comes from the Indo-European word gold „Ghel“ which means „shiny, yellow.“ Even the Latin word „Aurum“ is aimed at the color property of the gold, because it means „Yellow“.
The melting point of gold is 1064.18 degrees Celsius (1337.33 Kelvin), the boiling point at 2856 degrees Celsius (3129 degrees Kelvin). If gold melts, it loses its characteristic color and is more yellow-greenish. Only when it is cold / frozen again, there is the golden yellow color again.
Amount of gold The estimated amount of gold that is currently still in the earth‘s crust, is given by experts with 0.004 ppm (parts per million / parts per thousand), or 0.0000004 percent. The countries of South Africa, China, USA and Australia promote together more than 40 percent of the world‘s mined gold. An estimated 155,000 tonnes of gold have been mined since the beginning of mankind. In 2005, the worldwide stock 153,000 tonnes (or about 8,000 cubic meters of gold). Most of the gold have the following countries and institutions: central banks and other monetary institutions (28,600 tonnes), USA (8,100 tons), Germany (3,400 tons), International Monetary Fund (3,200 tons), France (2,900 tons). 25,000 tonnes of gold are privately owned (coins, bars). 79,000 tons are processed in jewelry, 18,000 tons in art objects.
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Density of gold Gold has a very high density of 19.32 g/cm3 (grams per cubic centimeter).
Flow of Gold
Areas of Gold
The following states are among the largest gold producing countries (tonnes of gold in 2007): South Africa (252), China (275), USA (238), Australia (246), Peru (170), Russia (157), Indonesia (118), Canada (101). Worldwide 2007, nearly 2,400 tons of gold were mined (100 years ago there were just over 600 tonnes).
Gold is used in the following sectors:
Gold as currency Gold coins were used as payment for the first time in the 6th Century before Christ.
• in jewelery in decoration, on artifacts (ranging 1 g gold leaf for 1/2 square meters) • in optics - because of the large reflection of yellow, red and infrared wavelengths (coating of glass, mirrors, laser mirrors, lenses) • in electronics - because of corrosion resistance, approachability and ease of processing (gold plated circuit boards, connectors, contact areas, contact closure, bond wires made of pure gold) • in medicine - because of corrosion resistance (dentures), healing effect (rheumatism)
Gold demand 18% 7% 1% 7% 5% 2%
2%
51% 7%
Jewelry Electronics Other industry Dentistry Bullion storage Coins Medals Other retail ETFs and similar products
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chemical symbol „Pt“
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Platinum The name derives from the Spanish word „platina“ and means „little silver“. Platinum is one of the noble metals, which means that only a very few chemicals react with platinum or attack by oxidation. It is 30 times rarer than gold and has a mass Atomic properties of about 5 parts per billion.
Platinum is like gold – easily malleable and flexible. The metal has excellent catalytic properties. Since it will not tarnish, platinum for jewelery fabrication is well suited.
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Designation of platinum
Melting and boiling point of platinum
The Spanish conquistadors found in the washing of gold small silver-gray beads that they did not know and called the material „little silver“.
The melting point of platinum is at 1772 degrees Celsius (2045 degrees Kelvin). The boiling point at 3,827 degrees Celsius (4,100 degrees Kelvin).
Platinum deposits and mining
Flexibility of platinum
Platinum usually occurs together with other platinum-like metals, such as palladium or rhodium, and is a by-product of nickel refining. During the early 19th Century, the most platinum came from Colombia and later from Russia. South Africa is now the most important country when it comes to the mining of platinum. In 2003 140 tons were produced, in Russia it was only half, Canada and the U.S. are far behind on the 3rd and 4th place. More than 6 million ounces are produced annually.
Platinum can be stretched well, but is still very stable. 30 g of a light platinum piece can be stretched into a more than 3 km long wire.
Density of platinum
Invention and uses of platinum
Platinum is denser than gold: 21.45 g/cm3 (grams per cubic centimeter). After osmium and iridium it is the element with the third largest density.
Thomas Edison used a platinum wire as a filament in his light bulb. platinum was also used as a switching contact in the first telegraph, and a platinum coil served as a catalyst for the production of nitric acid. About half of the supported platinum is now used in the industry for the preparation of catalysts (for cars). The second most important customer, the jewelry industry is (often referred to as alloy of 94% platinum and palladium or copper 4%). Furthermore it is used in thermal elements in crucibles for glass manufacture, rocket fairings or medical implants.
Platinum demand 31% Automotive catalyst Chemistry Electricity Financial assets (ETC) Gems
19%
7% 3% 13%
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chemical symbol „Pd“
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Palladium The word „Palladium“ is derived from the Greek term „Pallas“, the Greek god of wisdom. Palladium is similar to the chemical behavior of platinum, but has a lower density 12 g/cm3 compared to platinum with 21g/ cm3. The melting point of palladium is at 1555 degrees Celsius, which is the lowest compared to all other platinum group metals, such as rhodium or iridium.
Palladium has remarkable catalytic properties and although it tarnishes easier than platinum, it is still well suited for jewelery. It was discovered in 1803 by the English chemist William Hyde Wollaston. Until recently, palladium chloride used for tuberculosis treatment and it playes an important role in nuclear energy.
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Designation of palladium
Melting and boiling points of palladium
The English physician and chemist William Hyde Wollaston dissolved platinum with aqua regia and found the material, which he named after the then recently discovered asteroid Pallas. This in turn has the name of the Greek goddess Pallas Athena, the patron goddess of sciences.
The melting point of palladium is at 1555 degrees Celsius (1828 degrees Kelvin). The boiling point at 2,963 degrees Celsius (3,236 degrees Kelvin).
Palladium deposits Palladium comes together with other minor metals from mining platinum and is also derived from copper and nickel ores. Major producing countries are Russia, South Africa, Canada and the USA.
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Density of palladium
Applications of Palladium
Palladium is less dense than gold: 12.02 g/ cm3 (grams per cubic centimeter).
As well as platinum palladium is used in the manufacture of catalysts for use in fuel cells. It is used in hydrogen cars, as it purifies the hydrogen. White gold is an alloy of gold and palladium and is used in high quality jewelry (it will not tarnish and is very tough and durable). Palladium is used for dentures, medical instruments and aviation (spark plugs).
Palladium demand 16% Automotive catalyst Chemistry Electricity Financial assets (ETC) Jewelry
11%
48%
19% 6%
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Get Your Benefits • Buying precious metals as security for your future
• No terms of the contract of storage, flexible, terminated at any time
• Purchases from EUR 1,000 one-time payment possible
• Bearing visit possible
• Your precious metals are 100% physically stored for you and saved as private property • Both gold and silver bars correspond to the standard according to the LBMA Good Delivery Rules • Your precious metals are stored underground in secure safes in the Swiss duty free warehouse
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• Free precious metal mixes • Cheap storage fee For managing a precious metal bearing, you only pay an annual storage fee of 1.5% • Upon request, you have instant access to your precious metals • An annual inventory report keeps you up to date
• Inflation protection and capital preservation Unlike certificates, digital precious metal accounts or ETFs (Exchange Traded Funds) to acquire 100% precious metals in physical form, are reported in ounces and grams. • Zero-rated By storage in bonded warehouses in Switzerland, you save the VAT on the purchase of silver, platinum and palladium. Gold is exempt from VAT.
• Payouts This can be done in a bank account of your choice. On request in foreign currency. • Tax Benefits No withholding tax. Additional gains from the sale of precious metals after a holding period of one year, according to the current tax law (10.2009) tax-free.
• Fast and individual settlement
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Stock
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Contact Taurus Sachwerte AG
Vertriebskoordination
Heiligkreuz 15 Postfach 860 9490 Vaduz Liechtenstein
Galler und Schuster – strategische Anlagen Im RÜmischen Hof Unter den Linden 10 10117 Berlin, Deutschland
Tel. +423 263 44 44 Fax +423 263 44 46
Tel. +49(0)30 700 140 367 Fax +49(0)30 700 140 369
www.taurussachwerte.com info@taurussachwerte.com
www.galler-schuster.de info@galler-schuster.de
Reserves Replace to protect your assets and your financial freedom a part of your reserves in precious metals.
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Image sources • Silber-, Gold-, Platin- und Palladiumbarren © Heraeus Holding GmbH - Seite 4/5 • Silberbarren © Heraeus Holding GmbH - Seite 6/7 • #15588402 © Sebastian Wolf - Fotolia.com - Seite 8, 26 • #23023056 © Thomas Leiss - Fotolia.com - Seite 8, 26 • #35330742 © digitalstock - Fotolia.com - Seite 8/9, 27 • #28264357 © Rainer Plendl - Fotolia.com - Seite 9 • #38104105 © Thomas Jansa - Fotolia.com - Seite 8, 27 • #40483198 © Christian Nitz - Fotolia.com - Seite 8/9 • #38250008 © Kitty - Fotolia.com - Seite 9 • Goldbarren © Heraeus Holding GmbH - Seite 10/11 • #40798172 © MeeRok - Fotolia.com - Seite 12 • Goldbarren © Heraeus Holding GmbH - Seite 12, 26 • #41767715 © Klaus Eppele - Fotolia.com - Seite 12/13 • Goldbarren © Heraeus Holding GmbH - Seite 13 • #27275194 © Luftbildfotograf - Fotolia.com - Seite 12, 26 • #10747412 © Sabina Schaaf - Fotolia.com - Seite 12/13, 26 • #19214729 © johnnychaos - Fotolia.com - Seite 13, 26 • Platinumbarren © Heraeus Holding GmbH - Seite 16/17 • #31331414 © seen - Fotolia.com - Seite 16, 27 • #40160548 © bloomua - Fotolia.com - Seite 16 • #27128186 © flashpics - Fotolia.com - Seite 16/17, 27 • #11120209 © gg24_de - Fotolia.com - seite 17, 27
• #15398238 © photographer28 - Fotolia.com - Seite 16, 27 • #26594979 © photographer28 - Fotolia.com - Seite 16/17, 27 • #40660341 © werbefoto-burger.ch - Fotolia.com - Seite 17, 27 • #69030991 © dien - Shutterstock.com - Seite 18 • Palladiumbarren © Heraeus Holding GmbH - Seite 19 • #34390532 © kitson - Fotolia.com - Seite 20, 27 • #21099022 © hfng - Fotolia.com - Seite 20, 27 • #31842115 © Nneirda - Fotolia.com - Seite 20/21, 27 • Palladiumgranulat © Heraeus Holding GmbH - Seite 21 • #38007580 © Pixelmacher - Fotolia.com - Seite 20, 27 • #8198473 © shurik - Fotolia.com - Seite 20/21 • #44545027 © B. Wylezich - Fotolia.com - Seite 21 • #41341844 © Guido Vrola - Fotolia.com - Seite 22, 27 • #13564684 © James Steidl - Fotolia.com - Seite 22 • #3333780 © Christopher Nolan - Fotolia.com - Seite 23 • #2953833 © thomas owen - Fotolia.com - Seite 22/23 • Heraeus Edelmetalhandel Hanau - © Heraeus Holding GmbH - Seite 23 The rights to the remaining pictures are owned by Taurus Property Values AG.
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