Principles in Practise 2 - What is Research? by Brendan Joy

CRYPTIDS According to Merriam Webster dictionary a Cryptid is defined as: “an animal (such as Sasquatch or the Loch Ness Monster that has been claimed to exist but never proven to exist”.1

CRYPTOZOOLOGY According to Merriam Webster dictionary Cryptozoology is defined as: “the study of and search for animals and especially legendary animals (such as Sasquatch) usually in order to evaluate the possibility of their existence.”2

CONTENTS WHAT IS RESEARCH? : 5-8 PART 1 - DISCOVER: 9-10

Gradient Map: 85-86 Text Choice: 87-88 Brainstorming: 89-90

14 Daily Tasks: 11-38 Lateral Learning Task: 91-92

PART 2 - DEFINE: 39-40

Broadsheet: 93-98

Primary Research: 41-54 Secondary Research - Jersey Devil: 55-60 Secondary Research - Loch Ness Monster: 61 - 66

REFERENCES: 99-100 FIGURES: 101-103

Secondary Research - Bigfoot: 67 - 71

PART 3 -DESIGN: 75-76 Greyscale: 77-78 Monotone: 79-80 Duotone: 81-82 Bitmap: 83-84 3

WHAT IS RESEARCH? BRIEF OVERVIEW

MIN 14 - DAILY TASKS DESIGN JOURNAL FOLDED BROADSHEET

THIS BRIEF WILL ENCOURAGE YOU TO FORM AN OPINION AND EXPLORE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPECIFIC AREAS OF RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES AND GRAPHIC PRACTICE.

SCREEN PRINT

PART 1 - DISCOVER Every day and without fail respond to the world around you. Your response should be visual using typographic and / or expedient image making process. (Minimum 14 days)

PART 2 - DEFINE Using a response from Part 1. Extend enquiry to formulate a research avenue. Consider: the relationship between research (primary and secondary), design methodologies and graphic practice.

PART 3 - DESIGN • Produce a printed journal documenting your research and design • Produce an A2 double sided broadsheet that communicated your research 5

BROADSHEET Here are some suggested ways of viewing the world: PRODUCE A PRINTED BROADSHEET THAT COMMUNICATES THAT IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH IN RELATION TO GRAPHIC DESIGN AND YOUR OWN WORKING PRACTICE

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Post-Truth: locate post-truth articles in everyday media, identify the truth and persuade your audience of this. Consider: wild interpretations, false facts / news propaganda images, de-contextualised arguments

OUTCOME: • Double sided broadsheet (minimum size A2 • Format and folding techniques at your discretion • Minimum 300 word of ‘original’ copy of your publication • Secondary images referenced • Black, white and one other colour • Font usage - choose 1-2 of the fonts provided

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After-Images: tell the story of an un-taken photograph. Consider: the consequence of it not being taken. Does it make us happier or harm us that the photo wasn’t taken. Does the missed opportunity influence our thinking?

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Altered-Perspectives - explore shifting thoughts, feeling and responses to 2021. Consider: social, political and personal perspectives.

PART 1 - DISCOVER

Use the power of persuasion to influence the way others think about an issue that is of real importance to you or intrigues you

Persuasion: a form of social influence it is the process of guiding people toward the adoption of an idea, attitude, or action by rational and symbolic (though not always logical) means

MINIMUM 14 DAILY TASKS START TUESDAY 22ND FEBRUARY

To help you interpret what you see and experience, ask yourself these questions. It may be possible for you to clarify your material using these or similar questions.

In the first place you will need an issue, an opinion and a voice. We want you to focus on the unique experience of being you, your age, and a student. Put a magnifying glass to your experiences, uncover details, be open-minded ...... Irritates me ...... Inspires me ...... Is difficult for me ...... Shocks me ...... Makes me laugh ...... Makes me unhappy ...... Frustrates me ...... Is ridiculous ...... Makes me wonder ...... Makes me respond

Documentation can be photography, drawing, collecting textures and rubbings, sound recording, written evidence, collecting ephemera, recording over heard conversations or background noise, look at signage, smells, think about sociology, ethnography, geography, climate or something you have always wanted to study more in depth.

PART 1

DISCOVER

14 DAILY TASKS 9

OUTCOME 1 - HEART LINE This was my first outcome of the 14, and the design came from me thinking about hospitals and health a lot because of a recent death in my family due to a heart attack. So I decided to try and visualize what I thought a something gradually fading away might look like. And, because of the recent death in my family, a human heart was a visual that immediately jumped to mind. I did this by using film grain and tweaking the opacity of the lettering in increments to try and get across the visual of something slowly getting weaker and weaker until it eventually stops. Ultimately this was only a one-off outcome, I did start off with something like this in mind but I quickly realized that it wasn’t something I wanted to take further than a single outcome.

Figure 1 - Heartbeat

OUTCOME 2 - IT’S OUT THERE This was the first composition relating to the theme of Cryptids, which I would eventually go onto choose as my main topic. The idea came one night when I was sitting with my brothers, scrolling through You Tube after we had gone gotten takeaway. We had been scrolling for a little while at that point and weren’t any closer to picking anything to watch then when we had started. Suddenly we landed on a Bigfoot Documentary, the premise was that one person would spend a few nights in the woods near where people had claimed to have spotted Bigfoot, and see if he could catch a glimpse of the creature himself. We started watching and I found it very interesting so decided to try and create something that linked to Bigfoot, so I created this. I searched the internet for pictures of the plaster-cast that had supposedly been taken of Bigfoot’s footprint, I placed it over a picture of a forrest in Photoshop and I added a line to try and play on the ambiguity surrounding Cryptids as a whole.

Figure 2 - Bigfoot footprint

OUTCOME 3 - UFO This outcome shows a UFO abducting a cow from a farm in the middle of the night. The idea for this outcome came about while watching a show on TV that interviewed people recounting there stories about their encounters with aliens

Figure 3 - UFO

OUTCOME 4 - APPROVE Possibly my favourite activity that we did in this first year of Graphic Design was the Onomatopoeia section of the typographic studies unit of Principles in Practise 1. I really enjoyed having to use the letters of a word in order to visualize it and had a lot of fun doing it. Outside of class I even brought Ji Lee’s book, Word as Image, as something to have and be able to look over whenever I wanted. I chose the word APPROVE because I thought it would be an easier one to start off with, coming back to doing this after I really hadn’t since the typographic studies Onomatopoeia unit. Like I said, this one was quite simple: all I did was lengthen one side of the letter V in order to make it look like a tick mark. Like something is being approved on a form or something like that.

Figure 4 - APPROVE

OUTCOME 5 - WISHING YOU WERE HERE I created this out come after getting a “wishing you were here postcard from some family that were over seas on vacation. Remembering a movie I had watched that previous night which took place mainly on a snowy mountain range, I thought it would be funny to create a postcard that parodied the “wishing you were here” format of someone lounging on a beach on holiday in the sun. Instead using the image of a snowman lounging on a beach, under an umbrella, and enjoying a tropical drink with a tiny umbrella in it. All the while making sure to stay under an umbrella so as not to melt and ruin it’s holiday.

Figure 5 - wishing You Were Here

OUTCOME 6 - ROLLER COASTER This was my second attempt at going back and onomatopoeiaing a word, this time I tried it with the word: ROLLER COASTER. This one was actually an idea that I had back when we were doing the Onomatopoeia unit in class, although never put the idea into action until now. For the word I took the 2 letter O’s in the word, sliced them in half in Illustrator, and used the two ends to try and make the letter look like a loop on a Roller Coaster or other ride at a theme park. I don’t think it turned out great though, if I were to remake this, I would make the lines more rounded, as opposed to angular, and make the lines longer and more flowing, as opposed to short and stubbly.

Figure 6 - ROLLER COASTER

OUTCOME 7 - STRETCH This outcome was another case of Onomatopoeia-ing a word, this time I chose the word STRETCH. This time all I did to the word was to highlight the word in Illustrator and stretch it out to fill the art board I had made.

Figure 7 - STRETCH

OUTCOME 8 - LOADING This outcome was my third attempt at Onomatopoeia-ing an image, this time I picked the word: LOADING. My first thought process when I chose this word was different than the one that I ended up with. I first tried brainstorming ways to visualize loading items into something else. Although I couldn’t come up with way to do that. So I then thought of a progress bar filling up or something along those lines, and so I visualized the word in terms of a progress bar on an electronic device filing up, or “loading”. Using opaque letters transforming in to greyed ones to visualize this.

Figure 8 - LOADING

OUTCOME 9 - BEES It was the first nice day in a while and my family and I had combined a dog walk with a lunch at a nearby pub. While we were sitting at our table I noticed a beehive nearby, because it had been raining on and off for the last few days I suspected that they had been holed up in the hive for the last few days and hadn’t been outside. Watching them I began to think about the inside of a beehive, and how it must look with them all crammed in there. As well as how bees make hexagon shapes in their hives, causing the inside to be covered in hundreds of little hexagon shaped crevices. Which began a thought process of how I might use beehives and hexagon in order to create one of my daily tasks. I did this by creating orange hexagons and a yellow background. Putting the hexagons over the background I left a tiny amount of space in between and then created little bees out of yellow and black shapes, sticking them onto the background to create the visual of the inside of a beehive.

Figure 9 - BEES

OUTCOME 10 - DECIDE This time, while Onomatopoeia-ing a word, I chose to use the word DECIDE. To visualize this I did the usual process of creating outlines of the letters in the word, ungrouping them. Splitting the word into two even pieces I put a gap between them to try and visualize a choice between the two and having to decide which one to choose. My first design for this was largely the same except that the letters were jumbled up, though, I realized afterwards that was too confusing and had no link to the original word. So I decided on the more even split to get across the visualisation of the word.

Figure 10 - DECIDE

OUTCOME 11 -BOX BLUR For this outcome I had no idea before hand what it would be. I knew I had to create a daily task for the day but didn’t know what to do for it. So I had Illustrator open and was staring at a blank document when I remembered the Emphasis: Circle unit we did back when we were doing Typographic Studies. Creating a box I opened up the blending tool and played around with the various steps and types of blending that you can do until I came up with the image on the right which would become my daily task for that day.

Figure 11 - Box Blur

OUTCOME 12 - 2020 / 2021 BOOKS READ Starting at the end of 2020 I decided to keep a list of all of the books I had read that year. The list would be kept in an old notebook I had and would include: • The name of the book • The author • How many pages there were in the book • The date I started reading the book • The date I finished reading the book The total number of books I read in 2021 was 25. I decided to create a collage of all of the covers of the books I had read in 2021 and placed a darkened rectangle over the covers and changed the opacity so that you could see through it. I didn’t think that was enough however so I created little icons according the genres of the books and placed little tally marks next to the icons to count the number of books in that genre that I had read.

Figure 12 - 2020 / 2021 Books Read

OUTCOME 13 - BALANCE This was my final attempt at final Onomatopoeia-ing a word for one of my daily tasks. The final word I chose was BALANCE. For this one I tried to re-create the visualisation of a pair of scales. I broke the letter up into 2 pieces, with an even amount of letters on either side. Afterwards I took out the, middle letter, A, and made it larger, placing it underneath the word to create the visual of the base of the scale, with the 3 letters on either side being the visual of the boards of the scale,

Figure 13 - BALANCE

OUTCOME 14 - WANTED: BIGFOOT This the final of my 14 daily tasks, I decided to create a wanted-style poster featuring Bigfoot, the idea for this came about when thinking of how hotly debated the sightings and encounters of Crpytids. The design for the layout of the poster came about while looking on Google Images for wanted posters of high-profile, wanted criminals. For the picture on the poster I used the Patterson-Gimlin photograph, and I wrote a few small paragraphs below it describing the creature and a general overview of what people allege to have seen when they say that they have encountered Bigfoot. To give the poster more of an official look, I Photoshopped images of the US Forest Service and the seal of the state of California, where the majority of Bigfoot sightings have taken place

Figure 14 -Wanted Bigfoot

PART 2

DEFINE

PRIMARY RESEARCH SECONDARY RESEARCH LIGHT YEARS: MICHAEL BIERUT 39

PRIMARY RESEARCH

Question 1: This picture was shown with a caption underneath asking what the viewer thought the thing in the picture was.

“Nessie” My topic was Cryptids and the question that I came up with for it was:

“Possibly a duck? Some kind of aquatic animal”

“Dinosaur” “Swan” “Someone’s hand bent to look like an animal”

“Fish/Snake” “ARE SOME CRYPTIDS MORE BELIEVABLE THAN OTHERS, WHY?”

For Primary Research I created a questionnaire that I sent out to my class and teachers. The questionnaire consisted of 10 questions in a Google Form. My survey ran for roughly 3 weeks, here are the results.

“Duck”

“An arm in the water”

Figure 15 - “Surgeon’s Photograph

“The Loch Ness Monster” “Elephant Trunk”

Question 2:

Question 3:

This picture was shown with a caption underneath asking what the viewer thought the thing in the picture was.

“A fictional character from a folk tale - a walking gargoyle”

This picture was shown with a caption underneath asking what the viewer thought the thing in the picture was.*

“ A demon animal” “ A wild animal”

“ A big bat with four legs”

“ Monster”

“Bat-human”

A L L I R O G Figure 17 - Supposed Bigfoot Picture

“Demon”

*Everyone who answered this question had the same answer: GORILLA

“Goblin?”

Figure 16 - Supposed Picture of the Jersey Devil

“A winged creature but honestly I couldn’t tell you” 43

“Alien” 44

Question 4:

Question 5:

Do you know what a Crpytid is?

Do you know what the field of Cryptozoology is?

23% 46% 54%

77%

YES

Because the topic of Cryptids is quite a niche subject, I expected for a majority of the people that answered the question to not know what a cyptid was, I didn’t expect the split to be as close as it was.

Crpytozoology is described by the Merriam-Webster dictionary as “the study of and search for animals and especially legendary animals (such as Sasquatch) usually in order to evaluate the possibility of their existence”

A Cryptid is defined by the Merriam Webster Dictionary as “an animal (such as Sasquatch or the Loch Ness Monster that has been claimed to exist but never proven to exist”. 45

Question 6:

Question 7:

Do you believe Crptids (Bigfoot, LochNess Monster, etc. exist?

This question wasn’t available to everyone, only the people who picked “yes” or “some are more believable to me than others” were shown this question. Those that picked “no” were sent on to the next question. This question was made to clarify people’s answers from the previous question, asking which ones the person thought were more believable and which ones were less believable.

“I’d feel like the Loch Ness Monster probably exists, Bigfoot however I feel is probably just a gorilla/monkey type creature” “Loch Ness Monster”

46% 54%

WHICH ONES?

“Bigfoot”

YES* “Russian yeti” SOME ARE MORE BELIEVABLE TO

“I believe that the cryptids that feel more accessible to us are more believable. Those that resemble something familiar such as the Loch Ness Monster, is something that is more plausible as we know of existing being that could resemble this”

*No one who answered the survey chose this option so it isn’t visible on the graph 47

Question 9:

Question 8: If somebody close to you told you that they had encountered a Cryptid would that make you more inclined to believe in them?

To you, which are more believable?

46% 54%

100%

NO YES

THE EXISTENCE OF EXTRATERRESTRIALS

THE EXISTENCE OF CRYPTIDS

Question 10: Of the following options, to you, which is the most believable?

PRIMARY RESEARCH: Additional Notes Question 1: The picture was taken in 1934 by English physician Robert Kenneth Wilson supposedly of the fabled “Loch Ness Monster.” The picture was later was confirmed to be a hoax

Question 2:

23% 46%

This picture, supposedly of the Jersey Devil, a Cryptid that is said to reside in the forests of New Jersey, USA, terrorizing the residents of the state. Not much is known about the picture except that it was supposedly taken in New Jersey and shows the Jersey Devil.

Question 3: This picture that supposedly shows bigfoot, was featured in The Sun, newspaper, although the thing that is supposedly Bigfoot is behind some trees so It’s hard to make sure what it actually is.

31% Question 6

BIGFOOT LOCH NESS MONSTER

For the sixth question I asked whether the person believed if Cryptids existed or not, but rather than just giving it as a “yes” or “no” question, because I thought that would be a bit too simple and boring, for fun I added a middle option. I asked, “some are more believable to me than others”. In the results I was both surprised and not surprised, I didn’t think anyone would pick “yes” and no-one did, so no surprise there. What I was surprised by was the closeness of the “some are more believable to me than others” and the “no” option, more people picked no, which I thought would happen, but only by a margin of 8%. I thought the gap between the two would be much wider than that.

JERSEY DEVIL* BRITISH BIG CATS

*No one who answered the survey chose this option so it isn’t visible on the graph 51

Question 7: This question wasn’t available to everyone, only the people who picked “yes” or “some are more believable to me than others” were shown this question. Those that picked “no” were sent on to the next question. This question was made to clarify people’s answers from the previous question, asking which ones the person thought were more believable and which ones were less believable

SECONDARY RESEARCH For my secondary research , I decided to focus on three main crpytids, breaking the secondary research part into three parts, one for each of the Cryptids.

The three main Crpytids that I decided to focus on are; Question 8: The goal of this question was to try and see if the influence of somebody close to the participant would influence them into thinking Cryptids were more believable or not. Comparing the results of this question and question 6, I found that: •

5/13 (38%) of the participants selected ‘no’ as their answer to both question

•

2/13 (15%) of the participants changed their answer from ‘some’ on question 6 to ‘no’ on question 8

•

2/13 (15%) of the participants changed their answer from ‘no’ on question 6 to ‘yes’ on question 8

•

4/13 (30%) of the participants answered ‘some’ on question 6 and ‘yes’ on question 8

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The Jersey Devil

•

The Loch Ness Monster

•

Bigfoot

The reason I chose these three out of the multitude of known Cryptids available is beacuse these are some of the more well known of the bunch and I believed that these three would be most helpful in helping me analyse my starting questions, For a reminder, those questions was : “Are some Cryptids more believable than others? and whu?

Question 9: This surprised me because based on the answers to the previous questions in the survey I didn’t think everyone would answer that they thought Extraterrestrials were more believable to them than Cryptids, I thought that at least two or three people would pick Cryptids, but no-one did.

THE JERSEY DEVIL

Figure 18 - Sketch of the Jersey Devil

ORIGINS The story of the Jersey Devil has many different origins. The most widely held belief being that in 1735, on a dark and stormy night, a local resident of Estellville, a glass working factory in New Jersey called Mrs. Leeds was distraught when she learned she was pregnant with her 13th child, in either anger, or disgust, the story differs, she cried out “let it be the devil”. What was delivered wasn’t a human baby but a devil baby. Which promptly screeched, unfolded its wings, and flew out the window3 into the night, thus the Jersey Devil was born. Of course, there are many stories about the origin of the Jersey Devil, a second one being that a girl had a curse put on her by her town after falling in love with a British soldier during the Revolutionary War, and when she gave birth, it was to the Jersey Devil. And a third one being that a gypsy cursed a girl who wouldn’t give her food, the curse causing her to give birth to the Jersey Devil4. These are just 3 of the many stories that surround the myth of the Jersey Devil

SIGHTINGS Over the years there have been many supposed sightings of the Jersey Devil. This isn’t an exhaustive list of sightings of the Jersey Devil over the years, these are just some of the ones that I found the most interesting of the lot. •

In 1812, Joseph Bonaparte, brother of Napoleon Bonaparte, was hunting near is Bordentown estate, when he encountered some strange track on the ground, both looked like hose hooves though one was larger than the other. Following them he came face to face with a large, winged creature with a horse head and bird-like legs. Frozen in fear, the creature stared at him for a moment then beat its wings and flew off5, Bonaparte’s report of the creature was one of the first recorded sightings of the Jersey Devil.

•

In January 1909, sightings of the Jersey Devil rose dramatically with over 1000 people reporting sightings of the creature all over Gloucester County, New Jersey. With so many reported sightings of the Jersey Devil, schools and businesses closed, the Philadelphia Zoo offered a $10,000 reward for the capture of the creature, and most people were scared to venture outside for fear of running into the beast.6

•

One night in 1960, several residents of Mays Landing, New Jersey were awoken by horrifying screams. No exploration was found for the screaming, causing people to begin to panic and rumor began to spread that the Jersey Devil was responsible. Police hung flyers around town trying to reassure residents that the Jersey Devil was a hoax. Though this wasn’t helped by a circus owner that offered $10,000 as a reward for anyone who could capture the creature and bring it back to him. The creature couldn’t be found, and no-one received the reward.7

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In 2015, a resident of New Jersey, named David Black, claimed to capture a winged animal on camera around 6pm in the evening while driving home from work. Telling ABC News that he believed that he heard a llama outside and got out of his car to look. Black instead saw what he believed to be the Jersey Devil, and took a picture, the creature then promptly sprouted wings and flew off. 8

Figure 19: The ruins of what used to be Estelville, New Jersey. birthplace of the jersey Devi Figure20 - Picture of alleged Jersey Devil

APPEARANCE Despite the widely different sources of sightings that we have of the Jersey Devil, characteristics between sightings have largely stayed that same but it a few tweaks here and there. The characteristics shared from sightings are that the creature has hooves, wings, horns, and a tail, and emits horrible screeching sounds. What differs is that some accounts describe it as having coarse fur and looking vaguely goat-like, while other describe the Jersey Devil as having scaly skin and looking vaguely lizard like. Some describe the Jersey Devil as having a long neck, other don’t, some describe it’s tail as being forked, some spaded, others as having three prongs, like a trident. An example of the discrepancy in appearance can be seen though looking at these two descriptions of the Jersey Devil’s appearance. According to njpinebarrens.com as soon Mother Leed’s thirteenth child was born: “it’s skin grew rough and scaly, it’s hands and feet elongated and grew hooves, it’s back sprouted a pair of bats wings and serpentine tail, and it’s face twisted and changed to have the face of a horse”9 LiveScience.com has an account of the Jersey Devil’s appearance that describes it as: “a creature that has a horse-like face with antlers or horns sprouting from the top of it’s head. It walks on two legs, ending with cloven hooves or pig’s feet. The overall body shape resembles that of a kangaroo, though it also had wings of a bat. Some say that it has a tail like a lizard; other say it has no tail at all”10

Figure 21: Bounty poster of the Jersey Devil,

THE LOCH NESS MONSTER

Figure 22: Statue of the Loch Ness Monster outside the Museum of Nessie in Scotland

APPEARANCE The Loch Ness Monster differs slightly from account to account some describe the monster as sharing characteristics with a sea serpent, with scaly skin, a mane of fins running down it’s body, a snout, and a forked tongue. Other accounts of what the Loch Ness Monster looks like are based off of what we think the Plesiosaurus based off recovered fossils. But with a humped back, a longer neck and four short and stubbly legs.

ORIGINS / SIGHTINGS The idea of the Loch Ness Monster seems to be inspired by Scottish folklore which includes many stories centred around mythical water creatures.11 •

The earliest imaging of a monster inhabiting Loch Ness seems to come from stone carvings by the Pict which depict a mysterious beast with flippers10. The Pict were an ancient people who lived in what is now eastern and northwestern Scotland. The first written account of what would come to be known as the Loch Ness Monster come from the biography of St. Columba. According to this biography the monster bit a swimmer and was about to attack another before being repelled back into the water by Columba shouting “go back”.12

•

In April 1933 the Loch Ness Monster was back in the news when a couple reported seeing an enormous animal, which they compared to a “dragon or prehistoric monster” that crossed their cars path and disappeared into the forest.13 That same year, in December, big game hunter, Marmaduke Wetherell, was commissioned by the Daily Mail to locate the monster. Searching the lakes shores he found a set of large footprints that he believed belonged to “a very powerful soft-footed animal about 6 metres in length”14 However, upon closer inspection by Zoologists at the Natural History Museum determined that the tracks were faked by “using an umbrella stand or ashtray that had a hippopotamus leg as a base”15. The footprints were determined a hoax although Wetherell’s part in the hoax wasn’t clear.

•

Perhaps the most well-known photograph of the Loch Ness Monster was taken by English physician Robert Kenneth Wilson in 1934. Known as the “surgeon’s photograph” it appeared to show what some believe to be the head and neck of the Loch Ness Monster at a distance. After being printed by the Daily Mail the photograph sparked an international sensation with many speculating that what was seen in the photograph was a plesiosaur, a marine reptile that went extinct roughly 65.5 million years ago.16 Figure 23: “surgeons photograph” taken by Robert Kenneth Wilson in 1934, later revealed to be faked

•

Roughly 60 years later, in 1994, Wilson’s photograph, the ‘surgeon’s photograph’ was revealed to be faked, this being orchestrated by Wetherell, another person obsessed with finding the Loch Ness Monster I mentioned earlier. With the objects in the picture being discovered to be a plastic toy head that was attached to a submarine out in the water.17

•

In 2018 an attempt was made to try and determine what marine organisms lived in Loch Ness. This survey didn’t find any evidence of large animals living in the waters though the results did indicate that the waters were home to numerous eels. Leading to the theory that the Loch Ness Monster is some sort of oversized eel.18

•

The Press and Journal published a story in 2018 regarding an estimate that the Loch Ness Monster has had on the Scottish economy. The study was carried out by Gary Campbell, an accountant that was chartered by the paper, and its findings totalled £11 million more than a study that was done four years prior on the same topic. To get his estimate Campbell analysed the number of people who visit attractions around the loch, tourism spent on accommodation and food, and the number of day trippers. Compiling those numbers Campbell came up with the conservative estimate of £40.7 million annually being added to the local economy each year. Also adding that ‘global brand recognition’ helps steer tourist not only into Scotland, but also to Loch Ness with Nessie being spotted 8 times already this year.19

Figure 24: Loch Ness Centre & Exhibition, located in Drumnadrochit Scotland. This is a museum who’s aim is to expand visitors knowledge about Loch Ness and the mysterious Loch Ness Monster (“nessie”)

Figure 25:: One of the more popular theories surrounding the Loch Ness Monster is that Nessie is a plesiosaur that survived the mass extinction of the dinosaurs and now dwells in Loch Ness

Figure 26: Alternative Picture of Plesiosaur

BIGFOOT

Figure 27: a Bigfoot statue on display at the International Cryptozoology Museum in Portland, Maine, USA

68 67

APPEARANCE Sightings of Bigfoot, sasquatch, usually include physical characteristics that include a height range of 6 – 15 feet (2 – 4.5 metres), being bipedal (walking upright on two legs), being covered in shaggy fur that ranges in colour from black, to brown, to red. And having footprints that measure in size up to 24 inches (60 cm) in length and 8 inches (20 cm) in width20

ORIGINS / SIGHTINGS One of the known origins of Bigfoot can be linked to Indigenous myths and legends in America. We can even trace the root of the word Sasquatch from the word Sasq’ets, a word from the Halq’emeylem language used by some of the Salish First Nation peoples in south western British Columbia, Canada. The word can be translated to “wild man” or “hairy man”21 • Bigfoot sightings can be traced back as early as 1884, when the newspaper in the British Colony of Victoria, Canada published an account of a “gorilla type” animal that had been captured in the area. This helped the modern Bigfoot myth gain the boost in popularity that it did in the late 1950s. Such as in 1958 when the Humboldt Times, Northern California’s local newspaper at the time, publishes a story about a discovery of giant, unknown footprints that had been discovered near Bluff Creek, California.22 It was only years later in 2002 that these footprints were revealed to be a prank by a man named Ray Wallace which was revealed by his two sons after his death.

•

Arguably the most famous Bigfoot video ever taken is that of the short film taken by Roger Patterson and Bob Gimlin in 1967. Known as the “PattersonGimlin film” it was shot in Bluff Creek, the same place where bigfoot was supposedly seen almost 10 years prior and shows what appears to be a large hairy ape creature striding through a clearing.23 While the film is one of the most famous supposed sightings of Bigfoot, the film is also one of the most hotly debated about whether the film is authentic or not. Despite the advancements in film and recording technology since 1967, the film has yet to be officially debunked, there isn’t a consensus either way.

•

In 2008 two men, Matthew Whitton and Rick Dyer, claimed that they had discovered the frozen corpse of a Bigfoot while hiking in the woods of Northern Georgia. Their claim sparked a frenzy, and the corpse was handed over to a team of people who ran a website that tracked sightings of bigfoot to thaw out and run some tests on. The “corpse” was found out to be a rubber suit that Dyer and Whitton had frozen and intentionally used to fuel business for their company that sold Bigfoot merchandise.24

Figure 28: a still from the ‘Patterson-Gimlin’ film. This picture shows a supposed Sasquatch striding through a clearing, this remains the most compelling evidence of sasquatches existence. This is because despite the improvements in video technology since then, the Patterson-Gimlin film has yet to be officially disproven.

•

While scientific evidence for Bigfoot is pretty thin, a giant bipedal ape creature was proven to once exist on earth, the species was called Gigantopithecus blacki. The Gigantopithecus was about 10 feet (3 metres) tall and is thought to have weighted up to 595 lbs (270 kilograms). The only problem is that the Gigantopithecus lived in Southeast Asia, not North America, and died out thousands of years ago25. Based on this you can see that there is some truth that can be tied into the Bigfoot mythos and that can be seen as to have served as a basis of some sort for bits and pieces of the story of Bigfoot. Visual evidence isn’t the only type of evidence that has been collected and used in the attempt the prove the existence of Bigfoot, there is a surprising amount of audio trying to be used to prove the existence of bigfoot. An example of such evidence was an audio recording in 2019 that was posted to You Tube of mysterious howls and screams in a forest in north-western Ontario. After going viral, driving Bigfoot speculation in the area, Jolanta Kowalski, media relations officer for Ontario’s Ministry of Resources and Forestry. Told Vice News that “Our biologists say that it could be a larger mammal – for example a wolf – but because it’s a considerable distance from the recorder there is not way to know for sure”26. Overall nothing came from the audio recording but other supposed Bigfoot noises have been rationalised in a similar way, being attributed to known animals such as foxes and coyotes.

LIGHT YEARS - Michael Bierut While researching Cryptids I came across this 1999 peice by Michael Bierut called Light Years. I really liked this peice of work by Biertut and I thought that maybe I could use the same technique of puttinf one word ontop of another to create something that related to my topic.

I chose to use the words “real” and “fake” because I thought they fit a niche topic like Cryptids really well because of the amount of different perspectives and arguments that come out of claiming to have encountered something that isn’t agreed by everyone to have existed in the first place. They also have the same amount of letters, so that helped as well.

Figure 29 - LIGHT YEARS

Figure 30 -

I tried to re-create the same effect in Illustrator, but neither really turned out to my liking. I used the colour purple for the wording, using my chosen shade of purple as well as a darker shade, superimposed the words over each other and lowered the opacity from 100 to 80 on the top word to try and achieve the same effect that Bierut did with LIGHT YEARS. In the end, both looked messy and it was difficult to make out the wording. So in the end this ended up just being an experiment with me using neither.

Figure 31: - REAL over FAKE

PART 3

DESIGN GREYSCALE MONOTONE DUOTONE BITMAP GRADIENT MAP TEXT CHOICE BRAINSTORMING LATERAL LEARNING TASK BROADSHEET FOLDING 75

GREYSCALE Image > Mode > Greyscale

On Tuesday 15th March 2022, in order to prepare for creating our journals, we were taught in class using Photoshop how to use the Bitmap, Gradient Map, Greyscale, Monotone, and Duotone features. Here is the Greyscale outcome that I came up with.

Greyscaling is a process in which you turn all of the colours in a picture into shades of grey. It’s a simple process that can easily be done in Photoshop. Greyscaling can be used as a stepping stone to then go on to further alter something. For example, from Greyscaling an image you can then go onto Bitmap, Monotone, or Duotone the image.

Figure 32 - Bigfoot Greyscale

MONOTONE Image > Mode > Monotone

Before you monotone an image in Photoshop, you have to first Greyscale that image. Study.com defines Monotone art as “art that is produced by manipulating a work’s colout and shading. Instead of using a varied pallet of colours, the artist instead creates a design by using different shades of the same colour”# In Phototshop when the Duotone panel opens up, normally next to your colour of choice you will see a box with a diagonal line, like the box pictured on the left, you click on this box, you can then click and drag on the line to fine-tune how much you want the colour to be distributed in the final outcome.

When creating my monotoned image, I messed around with the fine-tuning until I created the image you see to the right, what you can also seeis that in the box below are the values of the coordinates of the amount of colour used in the picture.

C=60 M=90 Y=0 K=0

Figure 33 - Bigfoot Monotone

DUOTONE DUO TONE Image > Mode > Monotone

Duotoning is the same technique as Monotoning but using two colours rather than one. Collinsdictionary.com defines Duotone as “a process for producing halftone illustrations suing two shades of a single colour or black and a colour”# When creating my Duotoned image I kept the same shade of purple that I used in my monotone image, but for the second colour I was deciding between Black and White. I ultimately went with Purple and Black because I didn’t like the way that, no matter how much I fiddled with the percentages, the white colouring mixed with the purple caused the two colours to mix together to darken the picture overall. These are how the colour panels ended out:

C= 75% M= 68% Y= 67% K= 90%

C= 60% M= 90% Y= 0% K= 0%

Figure 34 - Bigfoot Duotone

BITMAP Image > Mode > Bitmap

According to Collins Dictionary, bitmap can be described as: “a representation of a graphic image, as a letter or number, as a sequence of bits that generates a corresponding pattern of pixels on a video screen”£

When you first click on the option to bitmap an image, this screen pops up where you can fiddle with the output value, either changing the numbers or picking between Pixels/Inch, or Pixels/Centimetre. Or you can change the method, picking between: • 50% threshold • Pattern Dither • Diffusion Dither • Halftone Screen • Or a custom pattern, where you get a choice between trees, water, or grass.

Once you select what you want from that screen, you’re taken to this one where you can alter the Frequency, (this time picking between Lines/Inch, and Lines/ Centimetres) the angle, and the shape you want. The choices being: • Round • Diamond • Ellipse • Line • Square • Cross

Figure 35: Bigfoot Bitmap

GRADIENT MAP According to the Envira Gallery Blog, Gradient Maps are “a Photoshop CC tool that creates a new adjustment layer which choose a new colour for each pixel of a certain value. In simpler terms, the darkest areas of your gradient replace the shadows and below of your image, the middle replaces your general exposure, and the end replaces your highlights.”£ When you want to create a gradient in Photoshop you look to the bottom left of the document and click on the icon indicated to the right. And click the Gradient Map option towards the bottom.

Once you open the gradient map panel you can choose the colours you want, change the gradient type and the smoothness, and the location of the colour. The above panel shows the colours, smoothness, gradient type, and location of both colours that I used in my final composition.

Figure 36: Bigfoot Gradient Map

TEXT CHOICE The font that I chose for this project was Interstate. Throughout the project I’ve used Interstate Thin, Interstate Black , and Interstate Regular. I chose this font because it reminded me of the font choices that are used in media surrounding the unknown / subjects that are intentionally being kept hidden from public eye. To me, an example of something this font would be associated with would be top-secret government documents that have been leaked to the public, confirming something that is being kept secret for one reason or another. Think extraterrestrials, government experiments, etc.

INTERSTATE - Black

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz I used Interstate Black for these paragraph styles: • • • •

Numbering Chapter Gorilla Parts 1,2,3

INTERSTATE - Regular

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

INTERSTATE - Thin

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz I used Interstate Regular for these paragraph styles: • • •

Body Heading Numbering

I used Interstate Thin for these paragraph styles: •

Caption

BRAINSTORMING

Figure 37: Lateral Learning Task

LATERAL LEARNING TASK Near the start of this unit we were tasked with creating a Lateral Learning chart. This is where we had to take a standard A4 piece of paper put our topic at the top and divide it into 6 columns. Afterwards we wrote Object above one column, Emotion, on top of another, and Concept, atop another. In the Object column we had to write down objects related to our topic, in the Emotions column we had to write down emotions related to our topic, and in the Concept column we had to write down small concepts of ideas that we could take that topic in as a form of brainstorming. Our goal while first filling out the chart was to try and get 20 words for each column. When we ran out of ideas, we were told to switch with the people next to us and try and write down some words for them on their chart. The final thing we were told to do was to use the column next to the one we wrote in to quickly sketch out some pictures to help us visualize the words we had written down.

Originally when I started this unit my idea was for my topic to be related to health, the human body or something along those lines. This was mainly because of something personal that had happened involving my family and that was all that was on my mind at the time. I had even created one of these for that topic in this class originally, although after I had thought about it a little longer I decided to switch to a topic that was both lighter and something that I had more of an interest in Cryptids, so I went back and created the chart you see on the right.

Figure 38- Lateral Learning Task

BROADSHEET FOLDING CLASS ACTIVITY In class while we were learning about broadsheets, we did an activity where we looked at the website Posterzine, a website that featured folded posters of various kinds, then we had to try and sketch out how we thought a few of them were folded. Below are the sketches of the posters I picked and how I thought they were folded. These two are the ones we did while looking at the website. While the next two spreads are going to be the practise ones we did in class while looking at ones from the previous years students.

Figures 41 & 42 - Broadsheet Folding Sketches #2

Figures 39 & 40- Broadsheet Folding Sketches #1

Figures 33 &34 - Broadsheet Planning Unfolded #1

Figures 33 &34 - Broadsheet Planning Unfolded #2

REFERENCES 1. www.merriam-webster.com. (n.d.). Definition of CRYPTID. [online] (Accessed 25th April 2022). Available at: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ cryptid 2. Merriam-webster.com. (2018). Definition of CRYPTOZOOLOGY. [online]. (Accessed 25th April 2022). Available at: https://www.merriam-webster.com/ dictionary/cryptozoology 3. Pinelands Preservation Alliance. (n.d.). The Jersey Devil and Folklore. [online] (Accessed 25th April 2022). Available at: https://pinelandsalliance.org/ learn-about-the-pinelands/pinelands-history-and-culture/the-jersey-devil-andfolklore/ 4. www.nj.gov. (n.d.). The Official Web Site for The State of New Jersey | New Jersey Devil. [online]. (Accessed 26th April 2022). Available at: https://www. nj.gov/nj/about/famous/nj_devil.html 5. Americanfolklore.net. (n.d.). Joseph Bonaparte and the Jersey Devil: From The Jersey Devil Legend at Americanfolklore.net. [online] (Accessed 26th April 2022). Available at: https://americanfolklore.net/folklore/2010/07/joseph_ bonaparte_and_the_jerse.html 6. HistoryCollection.com. (2018). The Legend of the Jersey Devil is Riddled With Oddities, but Eyewitness Accounts Have Always Remained Consistent. [online]. (Accessed 26th April 2022). Available at: https://historycollection.com/thelegend-of-the-jersey-devil-is-riddled-with-oddities-but-eyewitness-accountshave-always-remained-consistent/r 7. Roncace, K. (2016). 13 times the Jersey Devil has been spotted in the Garden State. [online] nj.com. (Accessed 26th April 2022). Available at: https://www. nj.com/entertainment/2016/10/13_places_the_jersey_devil_has_been_spotted_ in_the.html 8. News, A.B.C. (n.d.). Man Claims to Have Photographed Mythical ‘New Jersey Devil’ From Legend Dating Back Centuries. [online] ABC News. (Accessed 26th April 2022). Available at: https://abcnews.go.com/US/man-claimsphotographed-mythical-jersey-devil-legend-dating/story?id=34442356 9.. www.njpinebarrens.com. (n.d.). The Legend of the Jersey Devil – NJPineBarrens.com. [online] (Accessed 26th April 2022). Available at: https:// www.njpinebarrens.com/the-legend-of-the-jersey-devil/ 10. Radford, B. (2013). Jersey Devil: Impossible Animals of Story & Legend. [online] Live Science. (Accessed 26th April 2022). Available at: https://www. 99

livescience.com/28167-jersey-devil.html 11- 16. Tikkanen, A. (2018). Loch Ness Monster History, Sightings, & Facts. In: Encyclopedia Britannica. [online] (Accessed 26th April 2022). Available at: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Loch-Ness-monster-legendary-creature 17. The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica (2015). Plesiosaur. Fossil marine reptile. In: Encyclopedia Britannica. [online] (Accessed 26th April 2022). Available at https://www.britannica.com/animal/plesiosaur ) 18 & 17. Tikkanen, A. (2018). Loch Ness Monster History, Sightings, & Facts. In: Encyclopedia Britannica. [online] (Accessed 26th April 2022). Available at: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Loch-Ness-monster-legendary-creature 19. Daily (2018). Loch Ness Monster provides nearly £41m boost to Scottish economy. [online] Mail Online (Accessed 26th April 2022). Available at: https:// www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-6166455/Loch-Ness-Monster-provides-nearly41million-boost-Scottish-economy-study-finds.html 20. The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica, Description, Sightings, & Facts. In: Encyclopedia Britannica, [online]. Accessed 26th April 2022) (Available at: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sasquatch 21. Radford, B. and published, P.P. (2022). Bigfoot: Is this Sasquatch real? [online] livescience.com (Accessed 26th April 2022). Available at: https:// www.livescience.com/24598-bigfoot.html#section-what-started-the-bigfootphenomenon 22. Radford, B. and published, P.P. (2022). Bigfoot: Is this Sasquatch real? [online] livescience.com (Accessed 26th April 2022). Available at: https://www. livescience.com/24598-bigfoot.html#section-bigfoot-sightings 23. Radford, B. and published, P.P. (2022). Bigfoot: Is this Sasquatch real? [online] livescience.com (Accessed 26th April 2022). Available at: https://www. livescience.com/24598-bigfoot.html#section-bigfoot-video-and-photographs 24. ‘Bigfoot’ was rubber gorilla costume. (2008). Reuters. [online] 20 Aug. (Accessed 26th April 2022) Available at: https://www.reuters.com/article/usbigfoot-hoax-idUSN2035207920080820 25. Radford, B. and published, P.P. (2022). Bigfoot: Is this Sasquatch real? [online] livescience.com (Accessed 26th April 2022). Available at: https://www. livescience.com/24598-bigfoot.html#section-the-real-bigfoot 26. Radford, B. and published, P.P. (2022). Bigfoot: Is this Sasquatch real? [online] livescience.com (Accessed 26th April 2022). Available at: https://www. livescience.com/24598-bigfoot.html#section-audio-recordings 100

FIGURES

Figure 19: Nick Leonetti, (n.d.), The ruins of what used to be Estelville, New Jersey. Birthplace of the jersey Devi, Photograph, Available at: https://www. shorelocalnews.com/remembering-estellville/

Figure 1: Joy, Brendan. 2022, Heartbeat, Photoshop Document. Figure 2: Joy, Brendan. 2022, Bigfoot footprint, Photohop Document.

Figure 20: Dave Black, 2015, Picture of Alleged Jersey Devil, Photograph, Available at: : https://abcnews.go.com/US/man-claims-photographed-mythicaljersey-devil-legend-dating/story?id=34442356 )

Figure 3: Joy, Brendan. 2022, UFO, Photoshop Document. Figure 4: Joy, Brendan. 2022, APPROVE, Photoshop Document

Figure 21: Anonymous, 1960, Bounty Poster of the Jersey Devil, Poster, Available at: https://www.nj.com/entertainment/2016/10/13_places_the_jersey_devil_has_ been_spotted_in_the.html

Figure 5: Joy, Brendan, 2022, Wishing You Were Here, Photoshop Document Figure 6: Joy, Brendan, 2022, ROLLER COASTER, Photoshop Document

Figure 22: Starablazkova, (n.d.), Statue of the Loch Ness Monster outside the Museum of Nessie in Scotland, Photograph, Available at: https://www. nationalgeographic.org/thisday/aug22/loch-ness-monster-sighted/

Figure 7: Joy, Brendan, 2022, STRETCH, Photoshop Document Figure 8: Joy, Brendan, 2022, LOADING, Photoshop Document

Figure 23: Robert Kenneth Wilson, 1934, “surgeons photograph” taken by Robert Kenneth Wilson in 1934, later revealed to be faked, Photograph, Available at: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Loch-Ness-monster-legendary-creature

Figure 9: Joy, Brendan, 2022, BEES, Photoshop Document Figure 10: Joy, Brendan, 2022, DECIDE, Photoshop Document Figure 11: Joy Brendan, 2022, Box Blur, Photoshop Document Figure 12: Joy, Brendan, 2022, 2020 / 2021 Books Read, Photoshop Document

Figure 24: Anonymous, 2010, Loch Ness Centre & Exhibition, located in Drumnadrochit Scotland. This is a museum who’s aim is to expand visitors knowledge about Loch Ness and the mysterious Loch Ness Monster (“Nessie”), Available at: https://www.tripadvisor.co.uk/Attraction_ Review-g551809-d195085-Reviews-Loch_Ness_Centre_ExhibitionDrumnadrochit_Loch_Ness_Region_Scottish_Highlands_Scot.html#/mediaatf/195085/27579048:p/?albumid=-160&type=0&category=-160

Figure 13: Joy, Brendan, BALANCE, Photoshop Document Figure 14: Joy, Brendan, Wanted Bigfoot, Photoshop Document Figure 15: Robert Kenneth Wilson, 1933 Surgeon’s Photograph, Photograph. Available at: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Loch-Ness-monster-legendarycreature Figure 16: Anonymous, (n.d.), Supposed Picture of the Jersey Devil, Photograph. Available at: https://cryptidz.fandom.com/wiki/Jersey_Devil Figure 17: Adrian Erikson (n.d.) Supposed Bigfoot Picture, Photograph. Available at: https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/weird-news/bigfoot-10-things-youneed-1847697 Figure 18: Philadelphia Bulletin, 1909, Sketch of the Jersey Devil, Sketch, Available at: https://www.nj.com/entertainment/2016/10/13_places_the_jersey_ devil_has_been_spotted_in_the.html

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Figure 25: J Rossia, (n.d.), One of the more popular theories surrounding the Loch Ness Monster is that Nessie is a plesiosaur that survived the mass extinction of the dinosaurs and now dwells in Loch Ness, Available at: https:// www.dinosaurjungle.com/prehistoric_animals_plesiosaurs.php Figure26: caiofantini, (n.d.), Alternate Picture of Plesiosaur. Available at: https:// caiofantini.cgsociety.org/84oi/plesiosaurus Figure 27: Figure 9: International Cryptozoology Museum, (n.d.), a Bigfoot statue on display at the International Cryptozoology Museum in Portland, Maine, USA. Available at: https://roadtrippers.com/magazine/international-cryptozoologymuseum-fact-fiction/ Figure 28: , Patterson - Gimlin, 1967, a still from the ‘Patterson-Gimlin’ film. This picture shows a supposed Sasquatch striding through a clearing, this remains the most compelling evidence of sasquatches existence. This is because despite the improvements in video technology since then, the Patterson-Gimlin film has yet to be officially disproven. Available at: https://www.cbc.ca/radio/ asithappens/as-it-happens-wednesday-edition-1.4360203/cowboy-behindlegendary-patterson-gimlin-bigfoot-film-marks-50th-anniversary-1.4362363 102

Figre 29: Michael Bierut, 1999, LIGHT YEARS, Available at: https://fontsinuse. com/uses/14949/light-years-the-architectural-league-of-new-y Figure 30: Joy, Brendan, 2022, FAKE over REAL, Photoshop Document Figure 31: Joy, Brendan, 2022, REAL over FAKE, Photoshop Document Figure 32: Joy, Brendan, 2022, Bigfoot Greyscale, Photoshop Document Figure 33: Joy, Brendan, 2022, Bigfoot Monotone, Photoshop Document Figure 34: Joy, Brendan, 2022, Bigfoot Duotone, Photoshop Document Figure 35: Joy, Brendan, 2022, Bigfoot Bitmap, Photoshop Document Figure 36: Joy, Brendan 2022, Bigfoot Gradient Map, Photoshop Document Figure 37: Joy, Brendan, 2022, Brainstorming, Photoshop Document Figure 38: Joy Brendan, 2022, Lateral Learning Task, Photoshop Document Figure 39 & 40: Joy, Brendan, 2022, Broadsheet Folding Sketches #1, Photograph Figure 41 & 42: Joy, Brendan, 2022, Broadsheet Folding Sketches #2, Photograph Figure 43 &44: Joy, Brendan, 2022, Broadsheet Planning Unfolded #1, Photograph Figure 44 & 45: Joy, Brendan, 2022, Broadsheet Planning Unfolded #2, Photograph

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