MAPPING WATER 2014 By Zo誰 Environment Network
FOREWORD → Peace Building → Design by committee
0. INTRODUCTION
→ How to start
1. COMPLEX INFOGRAPHICS & MAPPING CONCEPTS
→ visualizing support to SDC’s processes
2. COMMUNICATING WATERSHEDS
→ innovative mapping support to the regional projects
3. PARTICIPATORY MAPPING
→ support to processes ‘on the ground’
4. FACILITATION & MAPPING MEETINGS → support to peer review
5. TRAINING BASIC CONCEPTS & REGIONAL FACILITATORS → support to SDC and the field
FOREWORD
→ Peace Building → Design by Committee
0. INTRODUCTION → How to start
WHO IS YOUR READER?
→ Who is your reader? STUDENTS RESEARCHERS POLITICIANS
FINANCERS CITIZENS ACTIVISTS KIDS
Does your reader know how to read?
JOURNALISTS COMMUNICATORS OTHERS:
..............................................…
THE WEB COMMUNITY “DIGITAL NATIVES”
ECONOMISTS BUREAUCRATS CEOS FARMERS MANUFACTURERS YOUR CLIENTS YOUR FRIENDS
MUM
WHAT IS → What is your goal?
YOUR GOAL? EXPLAIN POPULARIZE / SIMPLIFY CATCH THE ATTENTION MAKE KNOWN CONVINCE / ENLIST [ FIND MONEY ] CHALLENGE THE SYSTEM OTHERS:
MAKE [ VISUAL ] HISTORY
..............................................…
WHAT IS
YOUR GOAL? EXPLAIN POPULARIZE / SIMPLIFY CATCH THE ATTENTION MAKE KNOWN CONVINCE / ENLIST [ FIND MONEY ] CHALLENGE THE SYSTEM OTHERS:
MAKE [ VISUAL ] HISTORY
..............................................…
VISUAL
OPTIONS COMPREHENSIVE / SERIOUS SCIENTIFIC-LOOKING CRYSTAL CLEAR
STRIKING / NEW HAND-DRAWN / ARTY FUNNY
SMALL vs. LARGE MESSY
SIMPLE PUNK
INTERACTIVE GRAPHICS MOTION GRAPHICS / VIDEOS
CRYPTIC BEAUTIFUL
Is your dissemination scheme all set?
CHEESY OTHERS: ............................ .................…
1. COMPLEX INFOGRAPHICS &
MAPPING CONCEPTS → visualizing support to SDC’s processes
Swiss voice
Water economics
Water diplomacy YELLOW
BLUE
BLACK
[ WEARING BLUE DUNGAREES ]
ADD WATER PIPES IN HER HANDS
ADD A PITCHFORK
GREEN
Water sanitation and hygiene Water for family agriculture
W
Interactions between water, energy and food
r ate What are energy efficient water-treatment technologies?
What are water storage options for farmers?
F
What technologies make irrigation more water efficient?
What ways of operating dams sustain wetland fisheries?
d oo
How can water re-use reduce food-energy trade-offs?
E
How does watershed management help hydropower?
rgy ne
Trans ation bounda ry watershed cooper
so
it y al
ym
e nt f o c o syste m re
se
rv
s) ice
Quality problems
Agriculture
u ol
Pa
m
ys
Q
S(
oru dialo g u e & F
tit
PE
u
ensus
an
Con s
Qu
l ut ion s
WATER COOPERATION
tio ns
Quantity problems
Disasters
Cities Use Mines Industries
Agriculture Industry Domestic
Conflicts
LE
io
at on Dem
E PL
KNO W
O
str
E
GRE ATE RC OO PE RA Di al TIO og N ue + D
P
UE OG L IA
E
D
n
G
P R O C E S S
Ad
vi
ce
Le
a
de
nin
rt
suppor
Leadership
t
Learning
PE O
PROCE
n
ice+
LE
UE e OG gu L IA alo i D
Adv
P
+
po
ACHIEVING AGREEMENT
tra
tio
PE O P
S
S
KN
O
S
W
PROCE
LE
ns
up
S
KN
O W
LEDGE
ACHIEVING AGREEMENT
LEDGE
GRE ATE RC OO PE RA TIO De mo N
ip
g
D
Le
ar
rsh
+s
on
UE OG L IA
i ce + s u p p o r t
Demons t r
WLEDG
ng
K
gu
P
+
ACHIEVING AGREEMENT
lo
PLE
E
GRE ATE RC OO PE RA TIO N
SS
D
ia
NO
EO
rship
PROCE
ade
at i
Le
D
Ad v
e
Le
ar
ni
TRANSBOUNDARY WATERSHEDS COOPERATION RIPARIAN COUNTRIES
watersh ed
ershed wat
PROBLEMS WATER QUALITY URBAN AREA MINE INDUSTRY AGRICULTURE WATER QUANTITY + FLOOD CONTROL
DAM
SEASONAL WATER SCARCITY DOWNSTREAM
WATER USE
at
er sh
AGRICULTURE
w
ed
INDUSTRY DOSMESTIC
CATASTROPHE CONFLICT
SOLUTIONS CONSENSUS / DIALOGUE / FORUM LEGAL FRAMEWORK PEC (PAYMENTS FOR ECOSYSTEM SERVICES)
Polluted discharge
2. MAPPING WATERSHEDS
→ innovative mapping support to the regional projects
Central Asia Middle East
Pretashkent aquifer (UNESCO)
Middle East Coatan (IUCN)
Central America
Goascoran (IUCN), Trifino aquifer (IUCN, UNESCO)
Nile basin Blue Nile basin (CDE)
East Africa
Sixaola (IUCN)
Zarumilla, Mira-Mataja, Catamayo-Chira (IUCN)
Ewaso Ng’iro (CDE) Pangani (HEG Neuchâtel)
Central Andes
Lake Titicaca (IUCN) Stampriet aquifer (UNESCO)
Water diplomacy / Blue Peace Central Andes
Swiss water diplomacy focus area SDC/GPWI’s water diplomacy pilot basins & aquifers (SDC project partners) Blue Peace Initiatives (Hydrodiplomacy & Strategic projects in the field)
Map produced by ZOÏ Environment Network, August 2013
Kong, Sesan, Srepok (IUCN)
Southeast Asia
Kyrgyzstan
Nepal India
Mexico Nouakchott, Mauretania Sine Saloum delta, Senegal Senegal
Honduras Nicaragua
Niger
Brazil
Peru Santa Cruz, Bolivia
Chile
Selected SDC ground activities Water economics
Water for Family Agriculture
WASH
Swiss Voice
Tchad
Sudan
Burkina Faso Benin
Tamale region, Ghana Togo Ghana
Colombia
Map produced by ZOĂ? Environment Network, April 2013
Mali
Southern Sudan
Ethiopia
Somaliland
Mozambique Zimbabwe
Madagascar
Bangladesh
China
Vietnam Dak Lak, Vietnam
Russia Estonia Latvia Belarus Kazakhstan Bosnia and Herzegovina Moldova Ukraine Slovenia Georgia Croatia Serbia Uzbekistan Kyrgyzstan Montenegro Armenia Albania United States of America Turkey Portugal Tajikistan F.Y.R.O.M. Azerbaijan Greece Syria Tunisia Morocco Palestinian South Korea Myanmar Algeria Nepal Iraq Afghanistan Territories Bhutan Jordan Kuwait China Egypt Mexico Cuba Mauritania Mali Pakistan Sudan Niger Laos Haiti Honduras Chad Vietnam Dominican Republic Senegal Oman Belize Eritrea Philippines Cap Verde Burkina Faso Bangladesh Thailand Yemen Jamaica Guatemala St. Lucia The Gambia Centr. African Nicaragua Djibouti Guinea Bissau El Salvador Republic Trinidad and Tobago India Ethiopia Cambodia Guinea Panama Costa Rica Nigeria Uganda Guyana Sierra Leone Cameroon Colombia Suriname Malaysia Liberia Sri Lanka Congo Somalia Maldives Côte d'Ivoire Togo Benin Ecuador Ghana Kenya Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Rep. of Tanzania Brazil Timor Leste Burundi the Congo Gabon Peru Indonesia Comores Angola Malawi Zambia Bolivia Namibia Mauritius Zimbabwe Paraguay Botswana Madagascar Swaziland Mozambique Canada
Lesotho
Chile
South Africa
Argentina
Water Number of people without access to improved drinking water Note: data not available for every country Absolute
Relative (in percent of population per country)
< 1 million 1 million
0
10%
20%
30%
40%
10 millions Definition of water stress:
100 millions
Domestic, Industrial and Agricultural water demand per available water supply per grid cell along river network. This indicator is also known as Relative Water Demand (RWD). (→ www.unesco.org/water/wwap/wwdr/indicators)
Map produced by ZOÏ Environment Network, March 2013 / August 2010 Source: WHO / UNICEF - Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP) (→ www.wssinfo.org); UNESCO - World Water Development Report Indicators, water stress index (→ www.unesco.org/water/wwap/wwdr/indicators)
Drylands
Northern Mariana Islands Marshall Islands
Papua New Guinea
Water resources of the Aral Sea basin Southern Aral Sea
Aralsk
5
Lake Balkhash
Northern Aral Sea (38)
Limit of the Aral Sea basin
K A Z A K H S T A N
Ili
Seasonal Aral Sea Ar a l K u m
Zar a
1.5
A
N
Karakum Canal 11
uD
0.2
ary
a
0.3
TJK 6.6
Dushanbe
0.5
4
5.6
0.63
Kafarnigan
500 km
1.5
20.2
Other rivers: 6
A F G H A N I S T A N
Map produced by ZOÏ Environment Network, November 2010 Source: CA Water Info (→ www.cawater-info.net)
Hari Rud
h
s Vak
Kokcha
Prospective expansion of irrigation
C H I N A
TAJIKISTAN
duz
250
4 Kara Darya Rivers of Ferghana Valley: 8
KYR 0.1
Average discharge (km3/year) 5
10
5 Measuring point
30
70
Water removal (use)
Mountain regions above 2 000 metres
Kun 0
KYR 3
2
33.3
Murgab
R
0.9
Tejen
I
Am
15
UZB 10
UZB 10
vsh an
Surhandarya Karshi 4.19 UZB 1.4 Sherabad
Ashgabat
Ahangaran
1TJK 2
5.3 Amu-Bukhara 5.2 Kashkadarya 1.2
Great Turkmen Collector
High water losses along Karakum Canal
9
Aydar Lake
UZB 5.3
Akshirat
Naryn
Tashkent (37)
Ysyk-Kol
KYRGYZSTAN
ChirchikCharvak
UZBEKISTAN
T U R K M E N I S T A N
Bishkek
1
Prospective Collector Theoretical discharge (without water removal)
Tashauz 6.51 Horezm 4.4 (UZB) Dashoguz Collector Lebap 3.9
Golden Age Lake
KAZ 10
ya ar rD Sy
Sarygamysh Lake
The volume of water that the Amu Darya delivers to the Aral Sea each year varies from 0 to 5 km³ Karakalpakstan 7.9
Pa nj
Moynoq
Kabul
Irrigated lands Reuse of drainage Main glacier areas
Mediterranean
Sea
Benghazi
13.7
Najaf
SYRIA Irbid
Amman
Jerusalem
Alexandria
gris the Nile basin Discharge schemeTiin IRAN
Damascus
Haifa ISRAEL Tel Aviv
10
5
R
A
Annual mean discharge in km³
Basra
Kuwait City
Suez
Cairo
100 Ahvaz
Q
50 20 Eu phra tes Nasiriyah
Port Said
JORDAN
Sinai
KUWAIT
Source: FAO Nile Synthesis Report 2011; Hydrology of the Nile 1999 by Sutcliff and Parks; IDRC Research
Beni Suef
0
H
E G Y P T
200
300
400 km
j
Qena
100
Buraydah Map produced by ZOÏ Environment Network, April 2013
e
e Nil
LIBYA
I
a
Riyadh
z
a
h
a
r
a
SAUDI ARABIA
e
S
R
Aswan Aswan Dam 84.1 Lake Nasser
New Valley Project
Medina
d Mecca
Jeddah
2nd Cataract
S Port Sudan
e
3rd Cataract 4th Cataract
84.1
9.8 72.7
Khartoum
26 Jebel Aulia Dam
Wa d
El Obeid
48.3 1 Wad Medani 2.5
ile White N
S U D A N
Marra Plateau
ERITREA Asmara Massawa
Baraka
ilk lM di e Wa
ara Atb
CHAD
Wa had
lla ha lG ie
Roseires Dam 49.8
Al Hudaydah
Lake Tana 28.4 er d n i D
SOMALIA Hargeisa
Nazret
Baro
E T H I O P IA
ob Ak
Sue
o
Lake Abaya
o Om
She bell e
Juba Uele
Jubba
Lake Turkana Kyo Nile g
ria Victoile N
280 Lake 28.6 Albert 3.4
Kisangani
Kampala
39.5 Lake Edward
a Low
Lake Kivu Nyabarongo Bukavu Kindu Co ng o
Bujumbura Lake Tanganyika
RWANDA 2.5
7.5 Kagera
Kigali
7.3
2.9
BURUNDI Ruvuvu
2750 Lake Victoria
K E N Y A Ta
Nakuru
na
i am Lom
C O N G O
27 Lake Kyoga Nalubaale Dam 34.2 Kisumu
Nairobi
Lake Eyasi
Arusha
Kismayo
I n d i a n O c e a n
Mwanza
TAN ZAN IA
Mogadishu
Lag h Bo r
UGANDA
i Aruwim
SOMALIA
a
38.9
Congo
Sankuru
Berbera
r Pibo
36
ou Mbom
Tsh uap a
Djibouti
Addis Abeba
at
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
Aden
DJIBOUTI
Dire Dawa
So b
16 14.3 Jur Bahr el S u d d Ghazal Wau u SOUTHERN Wa S U D A N Jonglei Canal (projected)
tto Ko
Assab
29.6 13.5
Sanaa YEMEN Taizz
Mekele
Blue Nile
Ba hr e l Arab
Ubang i
Abha
a
r owa di H Wa
5th Cataract
Mombasa
ARMENIA
Ankara Kiz ilirm a
k
T
Kayseri
R
K
E
Keban Res.
Y
Caspian Sea
t Mura
Lake Van
Malatya Tigris
yh a Ce
Z
I
A
Lake Qadisiyah
Lita ni
hr
Jordan
Ar Rutbah
West Bank
Jerusalem
Gaza
Pa le s tin e
ate
Fallujah
s
Lake Milh
Irbid
I
Amman
J OR D A N
R
A
Tehran
N
Qom
Kermanshah
Lake Samarra Tharthar
Damascus
R
la
Dayr az Zawr
I
ya
R
Sulaymaniyah
p
Tel Aviv
Kirkuk
Eu
ISRAE L
Y
Karaj
ser Zab Les
Husaybah
Beirut
Mediterranean Sea Haifa
S
Arbil
ris Tig
Homs
Tripoli
LE BANON
Project IWRM Orontes
ab
Di
es
C YPRU S
Mosul
Ar Raqqah
Project Hydromet: Jordan, Lebanon, with involvement of Turkey, Iraq and other countries and regional organizations to be determined in 2nd phase Partners: WMO, National Hydro-Meteorological Services
Zanjan
Gr ea ter
Aleppo
Oro nt
Strategic projects in the field
Rasht
bur
Latakia
Famagusta
s
Lake Assad
Focus area 2: Palestine, Israel (no activities at the moment)
Project IWRM Orontes: Lebanon, Syria, Turkey Partners: IHEID, Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute, Litani River Authority, Turkish Water Institute (in 2nd phase)
Gaziantep
Iskenderun Antakya
Nicosia
at e
Hydrodiplomacy
Lake Urmia
Kha
Mersin
E u p hr
Ardabil
Tabriz
n
Diyarbakir
Adana
Baku
Focus area 1: Jordan, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Turkey
Borujerd
Esfahan
Karbala
Najaf
Kashan
Baghdad
A
Q
Dezful Golan heights: occupied by Israel since 1967 and annexed 1981; claimed by Syria
Amarah
Dead Sea
Ka ru
Lake Tuz
U
Yerevan
Erzurum
rates Euph
Sivas
BLUE PEACE MIDDLE EAST
AZERBAIJAN
Qurna
n
Ahvaz
Nasiriyah
Aqa ba
Gu lf of
Aqaba
ab
r
EG YPT
Abadan A alatt Sh
Basra
K U WA I T
S
A
U
D
I
A
R
A
B
I
A
Persian Kuwait City Gulf 0
Sharm el-Sheikh
100 km
Map produced by ZOĂ? Environment Network, August 2013
Busher
Scenario 1 by 2015
Per capita economic gains minus losses
Sources: Mekong River Commission, 2011; United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 2012; World Bank database, 2011.
Livelihoods at risk
Benefit
< 100 thousand
(Net Present Value)
CHINA ME
100 thousand
1 000 500
KO
NG
100
0
200 km
UPPER MEKONG BASIN
MYANMAR
Deficit
Dollars per capita
Per capita Gross domestic product in purchasing power parity Constant 2005 international dollars
LAO PDR
Cambodia
2 083
Lao PDR
2 464
Viet Nam
Thailand
THAILAND
3 013
7 635 $ per capita per year
Scenario 1 by 2015 Basin system:
0
CAMBODIA
VIET NAM
Benefit
LOWER MEKONG BASIN
75%
91%
97%
Deficit
Thailand Cambodia
5
80%
Lao PDR Viet Nam
Thousand million dollars (Net Present Values)
0 70% 75%
61%
Thousand million dollars (Net Present Values)
84%
% of hydropower gains (among all gains) % of capture fisheries losses (among all losses)
Scenario 2 by 2030
Per capita economic gains minus losses
Sources: Mekong River Commission, 2011; United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 2012; World Bank database, 2011.
Livelihoods at risk
Benefit
2 500 dollars per capita
100 thousand
CHINA ME
Deficit
(Net Present Value)
500 thousand
1 000
KO
NG
500 100
UPPER MEKONG BASIN
0
200 km
MYANMAR
LAO PDR
Scenario 2 by 2030
THAILAND
Basin system: CAMBODIA VIET NAM
LOWER MEKONG BASIN
Benefit
Thousand million dollars (Net Present Values)
0
5
71%
10 91%
15 6%
Lao PDR
Viet Nam 98%
79%
Thailand 47%
76%
Cambodia 76%
Deficit
66%
% of reservoir fisheries gains (among all gains) % of hydropower gains (among all gains) % of capture fisheries losses (among all losses)
Scenario 3 by 2030
Per capita economic gains minus losses
Sources: Mekong River Commission, 2011; United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 2012; World Bank database, 2011.
Livelihoods at risk
ME
Deficit
2 500 dollars per capita
100 thousand
CHINA
Benefit
(Net Present Value)
500 thousand
1 000
KO
NG
500
One million
UPPER MEKONG BASIN
0
100
200 km
MYANMAR
LAO PDR
THAILAND
LOWER MEKONG BASIN
CAMBODIA
Scenario 3 by 2030 Basin system:
Benefit
VIET NAM
Lao PDR
-5
0
65% 16%
98%
8%
39%
-5
- 10 89%
15
20
83%
94%
- 15
10
91%
Deficit
Thousand million dollars (Net Present Values)
5
0
30%
Viet Nam 18%
5 8% 41% 16%
Thailand
Cambodia
25
Thousand million dollars (Net Present Values)
13%
% of aquaculture gains (among all gains) % of reservoir fisheries gains (among all gains) % of hydropower gains (among all gains) % of capture fisheries losses (among all losses) % of wetland area reduction losses (among all losses)
3. PARTICIPATORY MAPPING
→ support to processes “on the ground”
4. FACILITATION & MAPPING MEETINGS
→ support to peer review
5. TRAINING BASIC CONCEPTS & REGIONAL FACILITATORS → support to SDC and the field