ZoĂŻ Environment Network Graphic Portfolio
Mercury Waste, online training course UN Environment, 2017
Environmental Cooperation in Belarus, digital portal UN Environment, 2017
Global mercury: supply, trade and demand UN Environment, 2017
JAPAN
CANADA
SOUTH KOREA
RUSSIA
KAZAKHSTAN
NORWAY
CHINA
USA
MEXICO
HONG KONG
KYRGYZSTAN**
NICARAGUA
COLOMBIA
INDONESIA
EUROPE*
PAKISTAN
ISRAEL
GUYANA
CHILE
BOLIVIA
ARGENTINA URUGUAY
AUSTRALIA
SINGAPORE INDIA
TURKEY
PERU
SWITZERLAND
PARAGUAY
MALAYSIA
THAILAND UKRAINE
UAE
SRI LANKA
Global mercury trade, 2015
Quantities reported as mercury to UN Comtrade Database by importing countries
SUDAN
Brazil TOGO
Trade flows in metric tons, 2015 1-3
TANZANIA
SOUTH AFRICA
5
10
20
50
Exporter 100
INDIA
* = Europe (EU-28) ** = Kyrgyzstan based on estimates 1) This figure was generated from the import data reported by the various countries to the United Nations, since the import data are generally considered to be more reliable than the reported export data; 2) Some of the data used in this figure may have been updated since the figure was prepared; 3) Not all countries report mercury trade data to Comtrade; 4) For a number of reasons, Country A's reported trade with Country B may not entirely agree with Country B's reported trade with Country A; 5) If a country reported less than one metric ton of mercury imported in 2015, that trade flow is not shown in the figure. Source: United Nations comtrade (→ http://comtrade.un.org); Revised by Peter Maxson Map produced by ZOÏ Environment Network, April 2017
Global mercury waste assessment UN Environment, 2017
an
81
a ad
*
*
80
a bi m o l ica Co ta R s o C tia lic 16 ub roa C Rep 17 h c Cze 18 r ado Ecu 19 dor v al a El S 20 21
*
79
22
* *
78 77
Slovakia
lga 12
13
*
83
82
South Africa
Ca n
10
11
15
85 84
ka
ile
Ch
14
86
d
Lan
n
Bu
09
*
88
87
erl
Spai
ria
Bra
08
93
91
ia
89
Sri
an
90
itz
d an
nz
Sw
92
ail Th
Ta
zil
Bel
giu m
Aust ralia
94
07
95
06
04
05
03
01
99
97
96
tes
98
Sta
02
ted
Uni
Vietnam
Argentina
Company A - General Risk Assessment
23
24
76
25
75
26
74
27 28
73
29
72
Serbia
71
sian Rusation r e Fed
30 70
31 69
32
*
68
nia
33
34
67
ma
35
66 36
65
s
ia
53
52
51
Madagascar
a nesi
Indo
Italy
Lebanon
55
Mexic o
54
57
56
o cc ro
58
46
45
48
50
49
47
Mo
43
Ze
59
60
ala
41
nd
61
40
42
44
w
Ind
39
62
38
ilip
Ph
37
64
63
e pin
Ne
Ro
France
External risk 5 4
3 2
Internal risk high risk
>1
low risk
1 - 1.9
1 low risk
2 - 2.9 3 - 3.9 4<
*
no data
high risk
no data
Cement and Aggregates IUCN Global Water Programme, 2013
Germany Hunga
ry
Cloud generic plot High Risk
Low Risk Medium Risk High Risk
Low Risk
Cement and Aggregates IUCN Global Water Programme, 2013 Water Regulation
Water Management
Stakeholders
CEM
AGG
RMX
Q6
Q7
Q8
Q11
Q12
Q12’
Q14
Q15
Q16
Q20
Q21
Q17
Awareness
Pa rtic ipa tio n
urc
L
so Q2
Water Cost
KPI’s
Re
TA
ter Wa
X
TO
G
RM
M
AG
CE
Water Use
es
No. of Operations
Go od pra ctic e
Table 8: Rapid Country Water Diagnostic SCORE
RESULT
Q21
Austria
0
17
40
57
8
1
China
0
0
4
4
9
6
positive
2
negative
Colombia
13
5
28
46
10
Costa Rica
1
1
3
5
4
6
Croatia
3
1
7
11
7
4
Czech Republic
0
9
52
61
4
6
positive result
Dominican Republic
3
1
12
16
7
5
negative result
Egypt
3
1
3
7
3
10
France
0
49
342
391
9
5
Germany
7
37
260
304
9
6
Guatemala
0
0
4
4
6
4
37
4
9
7
3
3
10
7
5
5
11
10
2
6
6
6
9
5
6
8
3
8
6
4
8
7
5
7
2
3
5
8
4
9
5
Hungary Ireland
0 0
11 27
26 33
60
Israel
0
11
55
66
Latvia
2
0
5
7
Malaysia
0
3
14
17
36
12
269
317
Nicaragua
3
2
5
10
Panama
1
2
14
17
Mexico
Philippines 1 Philippines 2 Poland Puerto Rico
3 2 2
0 0 16
0 0 64
3 2 82
3
1
16
20
21
36
77
134
Thailand
1
0
0
1
UAE
0
0
9
9
UK
5
99
366
470
USA
16
147
200
363
Spain
no data
neutral result
Editorial
06
Switzerland’s global engagement
08
Portfolio evaluation
09
Overall effectiveness
10
Energy 27% High effectiveness 291 million CHF
14
Cleaner Production 15% High effectiveness 74 million CHF
16
Natural Resources 9% High effectiveness mitigation 28% High effectiveness adaptation 154 million CHF
20
Hazards 44% High effectiveness 37 million CHF
24
Livelihoods 68% High effectiveness 110 million CHF
28
Knowledge 96% High effectiveness 80 million CHF
29
Funding and grants to organizations 66% High effectiveness 490 million CHF
30
Fast-start financing
32
Conclusions
34
Outlook
THEMES
03
SDC/SECO
CHANNELS
Portfolio
High effectiveness predicted 140 million CHF
Report on Effectiveness 2014 Climate Change 2000 - 2012 SDC, 2013
Report on Effectiveness 2014 Climate Change 2000 - 2012 SDC, 2013
PORTFOLIO screening and sampling
1 4 PROJECTS, LEAVING 504
NO BUDGET NEGS
5
NO SUMMARY
2
134 PROJECTS, LEAVING 241 NO FUNDS DISPERSED
4
18 PROJECTS, LEAVING 486
118 PROJECTS, LEAVING 123
NO VALIDATION CRITERIA
3
508 PROJECTS
6
CLUSTER EXCLUSION
6 PROJECTS, LEAVING 375
105 PROJECTS, LEAVING 381
123 PROJECTS
PORTFOLIO
508 PROJECTS
screening and sampling
NO BUDGET
4 PROJECTS, LEAVING 504 18 PROJECTS, LEAVING 486
NO SUMMARY NO VALIDAITON CRITERIA
105 PROJECTS, LEAVING 381 NO FUNDS DISPERSED
6 PROJECTS, LEAVING 375
NEGS
134 PROJECTS, LEAVING 241
CLUSTER EXCLUSION
118 PROJECTS, LEAVING 123
123 PROJECTS
The world of water conflicts Institutions Institutions are deteriorating
Slow or no institutional change
Institutions are improving
Physical conditions
Physical conditions are improving
Slow or no physical change
Physical conditions are deteriorating
Likelihood / intensity of conflicts or tensions under water stress (local, intra-state / inter-sectoral, inter-state):
Actions Contain the fast change in physical conditions
High --- Very high
Replace / restore damaged or deteriorating institutions
Moderate --- High
Boost institutional adaptation
Low --- Moderate
Direct inststitutional adaptation
None --- Low
Maintain status quo, encourage improving and sustain institutions
Engaging the Network for Political Dialogue
Communication and Advocacy
Policy and diplomatic dialogue, region or workshops, capacity-building for basin population and stakeholders
issues and solutions
Tangible Joint Strategic Operations
Advocacy, mass communication, inputs to formal and informal policy, political and diplomatic processes
Joint hydrological monitoring, modelling, management and exchange of water data
Transboundary basin management plans, legal frameworks and institutions
Providing sustainable access to water and sanitation services
Water as an Asset for Peace Atlas of Risks and Opportunities SDC, 2017
Ma te
h
d child he l an alt rna
services alth he
communicab ce municab le & le d du -com n
R no e
670 projects
s ase ise
lth system hea en
Stren gh t
Impro ve
900 million CHF
Effectiveness of Swiss International Cooperation on Health Interventions 2000-2013 SDC, 2015
The Global Fund
UNAIDS
WHO
200 Millions CHF 100 50 20 10 5
UNFPA
International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF)
Providing for Health (P4H)
Medicine for Malaria Venture SolidarMed (MMV)
Medecin du Monde
Medecin sans Frontiere
Croix Rouge Suisse
Risques et opportunités liés au climat FOEN, 2017
Figure 5.2 National GINI coeďŹƒcient values 30
35
40
50
No data (or too old for comparison)
The Gini index measures the extent to which, within a country, the distribution of income deviates from perfect equality. A Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality. Sources: World Development Indicators, World Bank ; OECD Income distribution and poverty database ; US Central Intelligence Agency World Factbook ; 2014 (data: 2000 to 2012).
Figure 1.3 Population pyramids for Europe, Africa and Asia for 2000 and 2050 by age, sex and educational attainment Source: Samir K.C. et al, 2010. Projection of populations by level of educational attainment, age, and sex for 120 countries for 2005-2050, IIASA.
Educational attainment Higher education Secondary education Some primary education No formal education
2000 European Union
2000 Asia Age groups in years
2000 Africa
90-94 85-89 80-84 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19
MEN
20
0
40
20
20
0
20
40
160 140 120 100 80
60
40
20
0
0
WOMEN
20
40
60
80 100 120 140 160
Million people 2050
2050
2050 100 + 95-99 90-94 85-89 80-84 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19
20
0
20
60
40
20
0
20
40
60 160 140 120 100 80
60
40
20
0
0
20
40
60
80 100 120 140 160
The European environment – state and outlook EEA, 2014
Figure 3.2 Life expectancy at birth by world regions until 2050 by development regions
Life expectancy at birth Years 80
Life expectancy at birth, 2012 Years European Union (EU28) North America 80 Europe and Central Asia East Asia and Pacific 75 Latin America and Caribbean Middle East and North Africa World: 70 70,8 Years Pacific Island Small States 65 South Asia 60
More developed countries
75 70
World
65 60
Less developed countries
55 50
PROJECTIONS
45
Least developed countries
35 19501955
19751980
Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.
50
45 40
Sub-Saharan Africa
55
40
20002005
20252030
20452050
35
The European environment – state and outlook EEA, 2014
Source: World Development Indicators, World Bank, 2014.
Figure 7.2 Correlation between energy use and gross domestic product, 2011. Energy use in tonnes of oil equivalent per capita 8
Asia Africa
7
United States
Canada
Europe
6
South Korea
Russia
Americas
Australia
Oceania
5
Japan
4 China
3
EU28
Germany
Italy
2
World average energy use per capita
Turkey
1
Brazil
India
0 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Population in millions 1 000 500 250 100 55
60
65
GDP per capita (2011 USD PPP) European Union countries are represented both individually and collectively (EU28). Sources: World Development Indicators, World Bank, 2014. Fig 2.3 Middle class consumption, 1965 - 2030 Share of national middle-class consumptions 100 %
1965
Other 23 countries
Japan
5
United 37 States
EU15 34 0%
2011
40
PROJECTIONS
2030
37
Average middle-class consumption Thousand dollars per capita per year PROJECTIONS United States 20 EU15 Japan South Korea 15
2 5 8
18 India
20
17 China
26
4 9 14
No Chinese data for 1965.
Source: Brookings Institution, 2013.
Russia Malaysia
10
Brazil China India
5 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Vital Ozone graphics 3 UN Environment, 2012
Shortening time lapse before mass use of technological inventions 7
World Wide Web
long
short
12
Compact disc
13
Mobile phone
26
Black and white television
1873
1880
1876
Telephone Electricity
1890
1900
1897
1910
1920
1926
18
1951
1930
1940
1950
16
Computer
Colour television
Invention available to general public >> >> 1870
10
Smartphones 1
Time before mass use
1979 1975
1960
1970
1983
1980
31
Radio
35 46 << <<
Years necessary for an invention to be used by a quarter of the US population
1. "Early smartphones (IBM Simon,1993) were primarily used as enterprise devices and were prohibitively expensive for most consumers" (pcworld.com). Sources for smartphones: pcworld.com; WikipĂŠdia; eMarketer; US Census Bureau, 2012. Sources for other inventions: Kurzweil R. , 2005. The Singularity is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology, 2005.
1991
1990
2000
2010
The European Environment: Global Megatrends, 2010 EEA, 2010
The European Environment: Global Megatrends, 2010 EEA, 2010
Areas protected Square kilometres CROATIA
8 000 5 000
SERBIA 1
2 000
West Balkans protected areas
Prague
share of POLAND marine areas 12 %
300
CZECH REPUBLIC
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Please note: GERMANY The same site can be protected under different status. Overlaps have been removed and areas rounded for the proportional square sizes calculation (opposite) but not for the national percentage calculation below. Some areas represented below are not recognized internationally.
SLOVAK REPUBLIC. MONTENEGRO
Vienna
1%
Bratislava
Designated sites AUSTRIA
FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
Budapest
West Balkan Environmental Core Set of Indicators EEA, 2012
ALBANIA
3%
1 - including Kosovo
HUNGARY
SLOVENIA
Ljubljana 8%
ROMANIA
Zagreb
0
CROATIA
Belgrade
BOSNIA AND
1%
100 km
HERZEGOVINA
Sarajevo 6%
9%
MONTENEGRO
Podgorica
Rome 4%
ITALY
Selected European countries
Pristina KOSOVO 2
Sofia BULGARIA
Skopje
Adriatic
9%
Sea
13 %
Percentage of protected areas in total national territory
Water exploitation index
SERBIA
Tirana
FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OFMACEDONIA
Water abstraction as a percentage of available long-term freshwater resources 40 % BELGIUM
35
ALBANIA
SPAIN
30 Mediterranean
GREECE
25
Sea 2 - under UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999). Sources: Common Database on Designated Areas, EEA, 2011; World Database on Protected Areas, UNEP-WCMC, IUCN, 2011.
Water stress
Athens
Warning Threshold
20
HUNGARY
15
10
LITHUANIA
FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
5
CZECH REPUBLIC
BULGARIA
SWITZERLAND
ROMANIA SLOVENIA
0 1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Sources: Eurostat, 2009; EEA, 2010; State Statistical Office and Water Economy Administration, Public Enterprises for Water Supply and Sewage System in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, 2011; Raskin et al. 1997.
Arnhem Apeldoorn Ede
La Rochelle
Copenhagen
Groningen
Antwerp
Dieren
Brussels
Malmö
Münster
REG
Number of cycling jobs per thousand people
Doetinchem
2
Nijmegen
1
0.5 0.1
Population
Basel
Vienna
More than 1 000 000 people
Ljubljana
200 000 to 1 000 000
Budapest
Ferrara
20 000 to 200 000 Less than 20 000 (towns)
Donji Milanovac
Sumadija/Pomoravlje
Bor Kladovo Negotin Zajecar Knjazevac
REG
Shkodër
Durrës Tirana Pro Map jec : Zo t : U ï En NE viro CE n m ,U N E e nt N P, W etw HO ork Cyc , 201 ling 6. and
Boljevac Sokobanja
REG: Region METRO: Metropolitan area
Korçë
Kadıköy
Pendik
Abana
(no data)
Kocaeli Bursa
Athens gre
en
jobs r
METRO
Batumi
Gölcük
epo rt, 2 016.
1995-2010 evolution
West Balkan Environmental Core Set of Indicators EEA, 2012
Consumption of ozone-depleting substances 1995 2010 874 438 3
8
CROATIA
SERBIA
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
MONTENEGRO
FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
ALBANIA
601 Source: UNEP Ozone Secretariat, 2011.
CLIMATE CHANGE MIGRATION CASE Bolgatanga
Sudan Savanna
Yendi
Tamale
Guinea Savanna
Bimbilla
Bole
Major Roads
Salaga
Rural-Urban Migration West Africa Ghana Meningitis Belt
Sunyani Mampong Kumasi
Ho
Obuasi
Koforidua
Cape Coast
ACCRA Winneba
Tema
Marginal non-cultiv
Sekondi-Takoradi
Climate change dynamics at community level Climate Change
Climate shift in Ghana
Flooding
Extreme hot days 1960
Health
Agriculture Wet & Dry seasons
Working hours
2003 Agriculture Wet season
Erosion
84
36
Migra
365 days
Incomes chemical fertilizers
Bush fires
Water infrastructure
Livestock Crime & Violence Deforestation
Climate change migration Case study - Ghana UNDP, 2015
Interrelated Compounding Factors
E STUDY: UPPER EAST GHANA View of a North Ghana community Overflow release from Bagré Dam after wet season heavy rains
Bagré Dam Movements of nomadic peoples
Movements of nomadic peoples Increased tendencies to crime & violence
vated lands
FULANI
(NOMADS)
CROPLAND
FULANI
VILLAGE
(NOMADS)
Declining investments & exchange
ation
Contraction of area suitable for wet & dry season agriculture
Migration to urban centres
Nomadic (Fulani)
Smallholder Farmers
Sources: DARA & the Climate Vulnerable Forum (2012) Credits: M.O. McKinnon (UNDP Geneva) and E. Tachie-Obeng (EPA-Ghana) Layout & design: Zoï Environment Network © UNDP 2015
Summary of results of 9 POPs in mothers’milk
UNIT → ng g-1 fat
drins
chlodanes
DDTs
heptachlors 10000 1000 100 10
HCB
1
Mirex toxaphene
PCB7 min
max
Summary of results of 3 POPs in mothers’milk 30 years
UNIT → pg g fat -1
40
TEQ PCDD/PCDF
30
years TEQ25 PCB
20
NGA
10 WSM
TEQ TOTAL
20 years
KIR
FJI UGA
MEX
15 years
IDN
min
MUS
SEN URY PLW MLI TGO ATG KEN GHA
JAM PER
CUB
max
Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Mothers’ Milk UN Environment, 2012
UN Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 EMG, 2012
Indicators Alazani / Ganykh Basin UNECE, 2015
Georgia and Azerbaijan Total water resources 97,606 million m 3 / year Total water withdrawal 14,024 million m 3 / year
Basin limits
Georgia
River length 391 km River basin area 11,717 km 2
Alazani / Ganykh basin
Azerbaijan Basin water resource 7,100 million m 3 / year
Georgia
Azerbaijan TOTAL RENEWABLE FRESHWATER RESOURCES
63,330 million
m3 /
year
34,680 million m 3 / year
of which, water withdrawal:
of which, water withdrawal:
1,823 million m 3
11,970 million m 3
Agriculture 58.2% Industry 22.1% Municipal 19.8%
Agriculture 84,4 % Industry 12.8 % (est.) Municipal 2.8 % (est.)
Alazani / Ganikh basin share: 3,500 million m 3
NB: national percentages (no data available at the basin scale)
NB: national percentages (no data available at the basin scale)
3,600 million m 3
INSTALLED ELECTRICITY GENERATING CAPACITY & HYDROPOWER 4,308 kW
7,114 kW
of which, hydropower: 2.6 million kW
of which, hydropower:
Hydropower 61 % Fossil fuel 39 %
Fossil fuel 85 % Hydropower 15 %
1.1 million kW
AGRICULTURAL LAND 19,000 km 2
4,000 km 2
NB: no data available at the basin scale
1,962 km 2
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 15,700 million dollars
66,600 million dollars NB: no data available at the basin scale
6.2 million
POPULATION 5 million people
9 million people 405,000
447,400 Sources: FAO Aquastat ; US EIA International Energy Statistics ; Word Bank , 2015.
Indicators Drina Basin UNECE, 2015