Issuu

M O L D O VA*

CLIMATE FACTS AND POLICY 12.8 MILLION tCO2e1 3.6 TONNES PER CAPITA

POLICIES AND PROCESSES Policy framework

Moldova 2020 national development strategy Environmental strategy for 2014-2023 Energy strategy until 2030 National energy efficiency programme for 2011-2020

EU-Moldova Association agreement

Energy efficiency and energy savings, renewable energy, reducing GHG emissions

2030 targets and INDC

Mitigation Base year: 1990 Unconditional target for 2030: 64-67 per cent reduction of emissions compared to base year Conditional target for 2030: 78 per cent reduction of emissions compared to base year Adaptation priorities Agriculture, water resources, health, forestry, energy, transport and road infrastructure

GHG inventory of all sectors and gases

3.6

1,843

First biennial update report to UNFCCC Report on national GHG inventory system National inventory report to UNFCCC Third national communication to UNFCCC

US $

MILLION POPULATION

95%

PER CAPITA GDP

CLIMATE ACTIONS

OF TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION FROM FOSSIL FUELS

Sources: Third national communication; demographic, energy and economic data from World Development Indicators of World Bank: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ 1 This publication does not include the data from the administrative territorial units on the left bank of the Dniester River (Transnistria).

GHG emissions

2013 emissions were 12.8 million tСО2e, or 0.03 per cent of current global emissions Greenhouse gas intensity of GDP decreased by 56 per cent between 1990 and 2013

Adaptation actions

National climate change adaptation strategy until 2020 and its implementation plan Development of adaptation strategies for health, transport, forestry and agriculture sectors Mainstreaming adaptation measures into local development plans, and implementation of pilot projects Adaptation framework for the Dniester River basin

*The full constitutional name of the country is the Republic of Moldova.

CLIMATE FINANCE EU

€883 million for increasing energy efficiency and renewables during 2009-2014 Renewable energy, energy efficiency, low emissions capacity-building programme, green economy, biomass market, (ecosystem-based) climate adaptation

EBRD

Moldovan Sustainable Energy Financing Facility

UNDP

Disaster and climate risk reduction Urban energy efficiency (with GEF)

World Bank

Energy efficiency and emissions reduction

Austrian Development Cooperation Climate adaptation planning

KamyanetsPodilsky

Novo-Dniester Reservoir Novo-Dniester Reservoir

Mohyliv Podilsky

Edinet

a l ihu Tyl

n l ihu Tyl

s . Vel

uchurshan

K i

OdessaDniester Dniester Lyman

Sarata

Ialpug

a Yuzhny Odessa Yuzhny

Sarata

Ialpug

Slobozia

Tiraspol

Tighina Tiraspol Causeni Slobozia

Bar la

k alny Kuy

Causeni

yk yaln . Ku Ser yalnyk u .K Vel han Kuchur alnyk y . Ku Ser

lnyk Kohy

Cimislia

Basarabeasca Basarabeasca Comrat Comrat CeadirLunga CeadirLunga Cahul Taraclia Taraclia

BilhorodDnistrovsky

Lyman

Chornomorsk Bilhorod-Chornomorsk Dnistrovsky

Vulcanesti

Sir

Galati

Izmayil Izmayil

Danube

Braila

Black Sea Black Sea

Galati Braila

Buzau

Bo tna

B Tighinaotna

Vulcanesti

Buzau

Tro

Cahul

Kodyma

a u Ra

Olt

Barlad

lnyk Kohy

Leova Cimislia

Leova

Barlad

Biogas plant (mainly biogas) Hydropower stations Biogas plant (mainly biogas) HydropowerFocsani stations Installed capacity: Focsani Installed capacity: 600 — 750 KW et

Bic

Prut

Hincesti

Vaslui

Renewable energy installations Renewable energy installations

Forests (high CO2 absorption potential) Buzau Buzau Forests (high CO2 absorption potential)

N E

trita Bis

Vaslui

Bacau Darmanesti

600 — 750 KW 450 KW — 600 KW 450 KW — 600 KW Less than 450 KW Less than 450 KW

Kodyma

Ribnita

Orhei Calarasi Ich el Orhei Dubasari I ch Straseni el Dubasari Grigoriopol Straseni Nisporeni Grigoriopol Chisinau

Projected pipelines to connect Moldova Nisporeni to European energy community Chisinau Projected pipelines to connect Moldova to European energy community Bic Hincesti

us Oil / gas / gas, tplanned us Oil / gas / gas, tplanned

Pervomaysk

Dubasari Reservoir

Ungheni Calarasi

Ungheni Iasi

CO2 emissions from thermal power plants, Iasi Pietra Neamt Roman Bicaz million tonnes year:plants, CO2 emissions from thermalper power Pietra Neamt Roman millionBicaz tonnes per year: more than 1 Thermal power plant

Pipelines

Pervomaysk

u Ra

Sire

Fossil fuel energy installations and carbon emissions Fossil fuel energy installations and carbon emissions

Darmanesti Pipelines

Rezina Ribnita

Rezina

Jĳia

Sire

do Energy and emissions Mo ldo emissions Energy and Energy and emissions

(coal/oil/gas) more than 1 Thermal power plant 0.1 — 1 (coal/oil/gas) 0.1 — 1 0.001 — 0.1 Bacau 0.001 — 0.1

Singerei

ste

Singerei

ter

M O L D O V A Dubasari M O L D O V A Reservoir

Jĳia

R A

R O M A N I AFalesti R O M A Mo N I A

ie s

Floresti

Falesti

n ie

Floresti n

Balti

Suceava

Camenca

lta

Botosani Suceava

K R

Camenca

Cubo

Botosani

U K

Soroca

Drochia Soroca

t Rau

Cotesti-Stinca Reservoir Drochia Cotesti-Stinca Reservoir

t Rau

Edinet

Synyukha

nar Cai

Briceni Briceni

Synyukha

uh .B ivd

Chernivtsi

uh .B ivd

Mohyliv Podilsky Chernivtsi

Uman Uman

Tulcea

50 km

0 produced by ZOÏ Environment50 km November 2016 Map Network,

Tulcea

Map produced by ZOÏ Environment Network, November 2016

Policies and institutions The Ministry of Environment has the main responsibility for policymaking in climate change. The Climate Change Office within the Ministry is responsible for climate change assessments, development of national communications to UNFCCC, and GHG inventories. The Moldova 2020 National development strategy aims to achieve a competitive and effective energy sector by reducing energy consumption, increasing energy efficiency and using renewable energy sources. The strategy specifies measures for reducing energy intensity in key sectors (residential, industrial, transport and agriculture); for modernizing energy systems; for introducing energy-efficient technologies; and for developing national energy resources, including renewables. According to the EU-Moldova Association agreement and Action plan, the country should align current legislation to EU aquis communautaire, particularly in matters related to the environment, energy (electricity, oil, gas) and renewables. This process is an important driver of reform in Moldova. The Energy strategy until 2030 sets priorities to increase energy efficiency, reduce energy losses during transmission and reduce GHG emissions. The National energy efficiency pro-

gramme for 2011-2020 and its Action plan aim for an overall reduction of energy consumption, and establish a sector-specific approach to reducing energy consumption in the economy. The National climate change adaptation strategy guides the implementation of adaptation measures in the identified priority sectors, namely agriculture, water resources, health, forestry, energy, and transport and road infrastructure. Moldova is also developing a system for monitoring climate change impacts.

Climate actions Moldova’s share of global greenhouse gas emissions is rather small, and between 1990 and 2013 total emissions declined from 43.4 to 12.8 million tonnes of СО2e. Moldova has prepared three national communications to UNFCCC – a fourth one is under development – and in 2013 submitted a National greenhouse gas inventory report for 1990-2010. In September 2016 Moldova signed the Paris agreement on climate change. The next step is its ratification in the Parliament.

KamyanetsPodilsky

Novo-Dniester Reservoir

KamyanetsPodilsky

Uman

Novo-Dniester Reservoir

Uman

Mohyliv Podilsky Mohyliv

ies

te r Ca in Soroca

t Rau

Soroca

lta

Cubo

tCubo Rau

Reservoir

lta

Balti

Floresti

Rezina

Ribnita

Rezina

SingereiSingerei

l ihu Tyl ul ih Tyl

u Ra

Dubasari Dubasari Reservoir Reservoir t

Dubasari Dubasari

Grigoriopol Grigoriopol

Chisinau Chisinau

Pru t

Ialpug

Cahul

Ialpug

Pru t

Bar la

CeadirCeadir-Lunga

Lunga

Dniester Lyman Lyman

BilhorodDnistrovsky Bilhorod-

Chornomorsk

Dnistrovsky

Taraclia

Galati

Izmayil

Braila

Buzau

Black Sea Black Sea

Izmayil Danube

Braila Danube

uzau

Soil erosionMost and populated degradation of soil productivityB Buzaudistricts Most populated districts

Sir

Desertification Soil erosion and degradation of soil productivity Buzau

Sir

Increasing risks of floods (specific rivers / regions) Desertification

Dniester

Comrat

Vulcanesti

Risks to water supply

Increasing risks of floods (specific rivers / regions)

Basarabeasca

Vulcanesti

Impact on fish and wildlife populations and habitats Focsani

Impact on fish and wildlife populations and habitats Risks to water supply

Yuzhny

Odessa Sarata

Invasive species

Cimislia

Sarata

Focsani

Cahul

Invasive species

Grass fires

Tro

Severe drought impacts

Tiraspol Tiraspol TighinaTighina Bo Slobozia Bo Slobozia tna tna Causeni Causeni Odessa

Comrat

Barlad

Olt

Impacts of climate Impacts ofchange climate changeBarlad us tus

Leova

lnyk Kohy

Leova

lnyk Kohy

Vaslui Vaslui Bacau

Bic

lnyk uya . K yk Vel yaln u .K yk yaln Vel . Ku Ser yalnyk . Ku Ser han Kuchur han Kuchur

StraseniStraseni Nisporeni Nisporeni

Bic

Impacts of climate changet

Kodyma yma Kod

Ribnita

HincestiHincesti

Darmanesti

Pervomaysk

Floresti

u Ra

Iasi

PietraRoman Neamt Roman BicazPietra Neamt

Darmanesti

Pervomaysk

Jĳia

Jĳia t

trita Bis

Iasi

Bacau

Camenca

Orhei Orhei Ungheni Ungheni CalarasiCalarasi I ch e I ch e l l

O R M O AM N A I N A I A

Bicaz

Camenca

M O M L DO OL DV OA V A

Sire

at Svire

Balti

Falesti Falesti Mo ldo

Botosani

Suceava Mo ldo

Suceava

Drochia Cotesti-Stinca Drochia Reservoir Cotesti-Stinca Botosani

Edinet

Synyukha Synyukha

te r Ca in

Briceni

Pr Edinet

Buh

ies

Chernivtsi

Briceni

Chernivtsi

. ivdh u .B ivd

Podilsky

Tulcea

50 km

0 by ZOÏ Environment Network, November 50 km2016 Map produced Map produced by ZOÏ Environment Network, November 2016

Moldova scorecard Country’s share of global emissions Country’s emissions per capita

National climate policy actors

General climate action ambition

Policy leadership and UNFCCC focal point: Ministry of Environment

Mitigation commitment:

Coordinating advisory body: Climate Change Office within the Ministry of Environment

Emissions reductions Decoupling from population growth Decoupling from economic growth Renewable energy prospects Adaptation action

GHG Inventory: Climate Change Office within the Ministry of Environment

Greenhouse gas emissions and projections for Moldova

Million tonnes 50

-10

Projections 1990

1992

Energy

1994

1996

Industrial processes

1998

2000

Agriculture

2002

Waste

2004

2006

2008

2010

Land use, land use change and forestry

2012

Conditional

2020

Unconditional

Projections are based on Moldova's INDC

oldova’s INDC foresees a significant reduction of GHG emisM sions – an economy-wide unconditional reduction of 64-67 per cent by 2030. The commitment could be increased to 78 per cent below the 1990 level if low-cost financial resources, technology transfer and technical cooperation are made available. Over the past decade Moldova has strived towards reducing the energy intensity of the economy, but the level remains quite high compared to EU countries, and many sectors have significant potential for increasing energy efficiency. In 2013, Moldova was importing 87 per cent of the total energy needed for the country and seeks to increase domestically generated energy. Existing renewable energy sources employed currently are biomass/biogas and hydropower. Moldova is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change in the region. Moldova has developed a national adaptation strategy and aims to mainstream climate considerations into existing sectoral strategies. Given the importance of agriculture to the Moldovan economy – approximately 28 per cent of the working population is involved in agriculture, and more than 85 per cent of the people in rural areas earn additional income from farms – this sector is an adaptation priority. Adaptation considerations have also been included in integrated water resources management plans for Moldova’s main river, the Dniester.

Climate finance Moldova created an Energy Efficiency Fund in 2012 to pool external donors and private companies to support investment in energy efficiency and renewable energy sources, as well as to distribute state budget funds. The national budget also supports the National Ecological Fund, but allocated budget funds are not sufficient to cover the measures needed to improve energy efficiency, increase renewable energy sources, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

International donors such as the EU, EBRD, UNDP, the World Bank and GEF support a large portfolio of projects on energy efficiency and renewables. Under the Eastern Europe Energy Efficiency and Environment Partnership (E5P) Moldova has recently confirmed a grant of €18 million. EBRD maintains the Moldova Sustainable Energy Financing Facility, which has already provided support for over 160 energy efficiency projects. Given Moldova’s climate vulnerability, several donors such as Austrian Development Cooperation and the EU provide support for adaptation issues. UNDP supports the climate adaptation planning process and the development of disaster and climate risk reduction capacities of national and local authorities. In addition, the Environment and Security Initiative has assisted in the development of an adaptation framework for the Dniester River basin.

Sources of information for the scorecard Publications and strategies: 2020 National development strategy, National climate change adaptation strategy, Energy strategy until 2030, National energy efficiency programme for 2011-2020, Environmental strategy 20142023, EU-Moldova Association agreement, Third national communication, INDC Publications of WB, USAID, UNDP, the Environment and Security Initiative, the Energy Charter Secretariat Analytical materials and expertise of Zoï Environment Network, as well as Moldovan organizations and experts This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union.

The designations employed and the presentation do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or region or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.