reflective report for modernism movement

Gulf university Collage of engineering Architectural and interior design engineering department

Reflective Report INDE331 MODERN & CONTEMPORARY DESIGN

NAME: ZAINAB ABDULLA ALHUJAIRI ID: 200206115058 ACADIMIC SUPERVISER: DR. ASSEL ABDULSALAM

TABLE OF CONTENT

Figure. 1

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Figure. 2

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1

Fowl multiply don't every

2

Good Greater you living moved to fowl

3 4 5

Form may days fish doesn't male together

Open unto divided first shall made they're appear form great morning over form.

Image him fruit without every the him be days a cattle itself which image.

That behold day, Fowl waters can't which. Greater. Fish said open good man light.

Which wherein signs had The winged replenish multiply. Above you be fruit.

Second moved bearing him bring Stars lights their moving life also. After is brought grass subdue is lesser hath second after under.

INTRODUCTION This report, taking about the modern and contemporary design course, the present my gain knowledge from the course, and my opinions about the architectural styles, which are Organic, Modernism, De Stijl, Postmodernism, Deconstruction.

Figure. 3 shorturl.at/ksJPS

Architectural Styles shorturl.at/fmwFJ

ORGANIC

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MODERNISM

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DE STIJL

POSTMODERISM

D E C O N S T R AT I O N

1

Organic Architecture

It is a philosophy that reflects the harmony and interdependence between each element of the building, and between the whole building and nature. It was formulated as philosophy by the American architect Frank Lloyd Wright in 1867. refer to build a building by using simple geometric shapes and organic materials, with harmony to understood as a single entity and made it as a part of nature.

Figure. 4 shorturl.at/fmwFJ

My Learning and Opinion I know from the name, it is from organic material, and organic shapes which irregular, organic architecture building is formed as part of nature with genius engineering.

I think it shows the houses in the first generation of humans when lived in a cave and surrounding the forest. It is a re-establishment with a new philosophy.

I see it is simple in design without too much decoration, just decorated with plants, stones, water, or any other organic element. most of the designs are with lanes that take you to vast space as a secret garden in a wonderful cave.

in my opinion, It is a great style for commercial buildings but is not functional for residential buildings because the design is a complicated architecture design, and interior space is almost as open space so it is good for like exhibitions.

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ANALYSIS

ITHRA Figure. 5

King Abdulaziz Centre for World Culture

Location Dhahran, Saudi Arabia The Architects Snøhetta Architecture Office Opening In 2017 Typology Cultural Center

https://www.archdaily.com/898775/king-abd

The Architectural Concept -

The Past and the Future: it is located on the same place of first oil fountain.

While the center praises the wealth generated by the discovery of oil.

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Diversity and Unity: the building structured as combination of stones, which encoding as unity.

the environmental point of view, the building was designed in accordance with prevailing LEED standards to minimize adverse ecological impact.[16][4] For example, the plants in the surrounding gardens were selected from desert species and intended to minimize use of water and survive dry desert conditions.

The Material

Tamped Soil

MEANS the beginning of the future

existing soil from the excavations that were at the site

It is an ancient building method in the Arabian Peninsula, where the method of its construction depends on tamping.

It tamped soil in ITHRA contain different soil as shown In figure 6

soil collected from different parts of the kingdom

GIVE It Strength And Solidity To Establish A Solid Wall On Which Future Civilizations Will Be Built.

FUNCTION: Controls Sound and Moisture, and Helps Reduce Energy Consumption

Figure. 6 shorturl.at/nyFQ4

The Material

Stainless Steel Tubes It covers the external cladding of the building through a system that envelops the whole building and is used for the first time in the world, as shown in figure 7

Figure. 7 shorturl.at/jvBJW

Exterior Design Like the Oslo Opera House, the complex's form is largely based on geology - a mix between programmatic design and abstraction, with traces of Zaha Hadid's predilection for curves and Daniel Libeskind's propensity for clashing geometries, as well as FAIA's penchant for opposing geometries. It is made up of six structures.

Figure. 8

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Exterior Design

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it is 4 towers touch together like stones in one body. Every tower has different layout and function. inspired by the internal structural shape of oil-bearing rock formations

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Figure. 9

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The Display • It divided in 3 levels to present the sequence through the ages. which the past in the lowest, the ground floor display the present, and the future considered as knowledge tower, the highest level in the building Figure. 13

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The Furniture The furniture in ITHRA is according to postmodernism style with the color and the irregular form

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17: https://www.instagram.com 14 /16: https://www.instagram

15: https://www.instagram.co

2Modernism It is a German art school that combined crafts and fine art. It was established in 1919 by Walter Gropius in Weimar and operation until 1933. this school create a new movement in the arts and became one of the most influential currents in modern design. It was having main objectives, which are to unify art, craft, and technology, and Integrating theory and application.

Figure. 18 shorturl.at/ilpGI

My Learning and Opinion From what I observed from the design of this style, it is very simple to style without any kind of ornamentation. Which they focus to use geometric shapes.

The function of the designs in this movement is very important than the form, which form follows function. So that, the forms are in a minimalist style.

The Industrial Revolution helped the style to keep up with technology and uniting with art.

That creates a new revolution in the art movements

It is a functional style more than being a decoration and design. But it has its own touch in the place that makes a sample, organize, and feeling relaxation on it.

In my opinion, It is great for most building types. For example, when you will use it in a residential building, it will help to feel peace and quiet, and this what the user needs in this building. And if you will use it in a commercial building, it will make the calmness and elegance with his own simple style.

WALTER GROPIUS 1883 - 1969 He is one of the founders of the school and he is an engineer and teacher, originally from Germany and America.

Headed Bauhaus school in 1919. Gropius is one of the most important engineers who have had a significant role in influencing the development of modern dentistry. Among Gropius' most important works are the Bauhaus school building and faculty residence, Harvard Graduate Center, and the United States Embassy in Athens. (1) Figure. 19 shorturl.at/ilpGI

ANALYSIS Location Salmabad, Bahrain The Architects Team from BSBG company Opening In 2018

Figure. 20 https://www.ikea.com/bh/en/stores /

IKEA BAHRAIN STORE

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Typology Retail Store

EXTERIOR DESIGN

Very simple exterior building design, 3 rectangular forms touch together, dyed with 2 basic color which blue and yellow.

The façade constracted with glass, that view the restaurant, escalator area and entrance and existence. Also, they used the glass as skylight in self-serve area.

Figure. 21 • https://www.ikea.com/bh/en/stores/

THE FLOOR LAYOUT

Figure. 22 http://afp-cv.blogspot.com/2017/05/maps-ikea.html

The interior space like a maze, all visitors walk in fixed path design; to be in store for maximum time and expand to most of the products.

IKEA used the minimalist style consept, so they design it like a simple geormatric form without decoration with basic two colors which are yellow and blue, and they uesd glasses for the façade and on the top as skylights for aesthetic and functional reasons. To reduce the electrical energy cost and the sunlight give a good feeling and happiness for the visitors even the workers.

They considered in all branches around the world to choose the uniqueness of the location as in Manama, they choose behind the hayway to be a emphisis. also, they care to be outside the city center, for land cost and avoid traffic access

MAIN FEATURES

IKEA Design Concept From Bauhaus

Form follow function In IKEA building, interior or exterior design, even the products that design it are follow this.

As we saw all things have reason in IKEA.

Minimalist style They used just a geometric form for designing without any decoration and floral, curvilinear shapes.

Poäng Armchair The designer: Noboru Nakamura year: 1976

“It is constructed from vent laminated wood. It is a cantilever chair, meaning the seat is freely suspended in the air supported only by it front legs. The chair slightly swings when sitting in it, giving a sensation like a rocking chair.”

Figure. 23

https://www.dataviz-jwirges.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ModernistDesignChairs-DesignLineageIKEAPoäng-DatavizJohannesWirges.pdf

Main Features -

Used bentwood frame Include cantilevered seat Contain curved backrest Single leg

Design Concept The concept become from cantilever chair. the unique thing in the leg, there is only one continues leg as L shape.

Figure. 24 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantilever_chair

3

De Stijl

It is a dutch art movement founded in the Netherlands from 1917 to 1931. It is a unique style with simplicity and abstraction by using geometric forms, and straight horizontal and verticals lines only. colored with just primary colors, black and white.

Figure. 25 shorturl.at/oFIO9

My Learning and Opinion I can characterize it by observing simple, flat geometric forms colored with specific colors which are black, white, and the primary colors with only vertical and horizontal lines, in one design. So that, it is unparalleled design and can recognizable it.

It is a unique style but not practical. It contains complex features and restricts the designer which is now a day, they broke it and gave it up. I think It is an aesthetic style more functional. It can use is in pieces of art combine with another style to break the solidity.

ANALYSIS

IKEA’s Table decorate by De Stijl Figure. 26 Taken by student

Figure. 27

Taken by student

Figure. 26

https://www.ikea.com/bh/en/p/lack-side-table-white-30449908/?gclid=CjwKCAjwlrqHBhByEiwAnLmYUCL-DUzHzVWrToHUiN7hnsKxsKVlEMIMVxKiGFkQBMZAf2_pHP0bKxoChBMQAvD_BwE

I did this table in de stijl style by using black tape, colored papers in yellow, red, blue and black. Because they are the de stijl the design concept of this style. I outline the virtical and horizontal lines by the tape according to de stijl feature. I used in my living room and it is look amazing and it is made touch for the place.

4

POSTMODERISM

Until 1972, the modernism art movement was swept the art in the world from the painting to the architecture. But some of artists revolted of stifling rules in the modernism movement and created new movement called postmodernism without formality, universal taste and the seriousness by using: Bold colors and outrageous patterns Complexity and contradiction Transforms the ordinary and everyday Form don’t follow functions Turns cheap materials into expensive object

Figure. 28 shorturl.at/wDRX8

My Learning and Opinion I can describe postmodernism as a Bold and out-ofthe-ordinary movement. Out of classic and modern but it is between them. And that gives to it the complexity and contradiction.

I understand this style as out of the

Postmodernism style is antithesis the modern

ordinary and design every single piece as

style, In modern, they create everything with

an art in which the artist reflects himself

meaning and function. But in postmodernism,

without rationality and stifling rules.

the function isn’t important as what the designer needs and wants to reflects.

I can distinguish the post-modernism in my country when the traditional style combines with modern style in the same building.

By my observation, they use bold colors,

Because they repair the old traditional

patterns with horrible, and lines in different

buildings and add modern style in the design

ways in the same work. They make attention

to be a combination between past and

and unique work with this contradiction.

present to show the culture.

I impulsive with this movement, because it is given to architects unlimited space to express their imagination. And the bold colors that give life to the place. The complexity in patterns and lines gives attention to the viewer and gets more aesthetically intriguing and exciting.

One thing only I dislike it, which the furniture. It helps to turn the cheap material into expensive. Also, most of them are uncomfortable and exaggerate in design. I think it is great for interior space in the wall and floor decoration but not for furniture; because people need to use furniture like sofas, beds, tables, etc in most comfortable ways. But flooring and stairs for example using almost for walking and standing, while furniture using for every single position.

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DECONSTRATION

In 1980s, deconstruction architecture is appeared. It is part of post modernism but the aims in the designs is to perplex the visitor. It to create experiences and the visitor remembering the moment. By absence of harmony, continuity, or symmetry , and be a freedom of form rather than functional concerns.

Characterized by absence of harmony, continuity, or symmetry.

Focusing more on the freedom of form, rather than functional concerns The aims to perplex the visitor

Figure. 29 shorturl.at/gtAI8

My Learning and Opinion It combines classic and modern with complexity and contradiction by bold and contradictory colors.

I understand when I observed, the design is abstract from nature with different types of forms unrelated to each other. some of the designs have single material in a large space of design. also, I feel smooth in his the exterior surfaces

I am in love with this style because; It is artistic and creative style, help the designer to translate the inspiration into real.

ANALYSIS Location Muharraq, Bahrain.

The Architects Valerio Olgiati with Emaar enginnering Opening in November 2018 Figure. 30

Pearling Path Visitors Center

Typology Community Center

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Mixture of Past and Present

Figure. 31

It is located in center of muharraq city, specifically in the ruins of Ammarat Yousif Ali Fakhro and Ammarat Al Doy. So that, I see a mixture of past and present.

I think, They presenting the culture of Bahrain by used columns inspired by minaret in mosques.

Include 15 wind towers to improve the climate under the roof.

Figure. 32

Figure. 33

https://pearlingpath.bh/en/new-architecture/

Irregular Shapes As we see in figure 6, the building is Unusual shape form. and also, the door in figure 7 is present the same Idea. even in figure 8, the corner of outer wall isn’t linked. all of these figures are like this to transforms the ordinary too exciting for the viewer and get more aesthetically intriguing and exciting.

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Figure. 36 Figure. 35

https://pearlingpath.bh/en/new-architecture/

The Interior Space There are exhibition space, children and workshop spaces, as well as the pearling heritage archive and library and conference facilities.

The interior space decoration depend on the walls curves design. There isn’t reach of furniture and decoration because it is community building include exhibition, so I think they want the visitors to focus of the gallery.

Figure. 36

Figure. 37

they taste the interior space in figure 9 with chairs like a leaf.

Figure. 38 https://pearlingpath.bh/en/new-architecture/

It’s Part of Deconstruction Even it is postmodernism, there are some features related to deconstruction.

Figure. 40

Figure. 39

It is contain irregular shape and unrelated form.

https://pearlingpath.bh/en/new-architecture/

Hole building made from a single material which is mother of pearl incrusted concrete flooring. And also the material is exposed.

In conclusion, I see that each style has different characteristics that make it distinctive in some types of buildings at the expense of other buildings.

Organic design is great for commercial buildings and is visually pleasing, but because it is complex, it is not practical for residential buildings. While the modern design is very suitable for residential buildings from my point of view because it is simple and meets the functions of the house, and at the same time it is suitable for other types of buildings because it depends on the function, not the form. De Stijl is a unique style that does not exist today, and it is more aesthetic than functional, unlike the modern style. As for postmodernism, it is a beautiful style characterized by its boldness and its departure from classicism and modernity. For me, it is one of the most beautiful styles because it gives the architect unlimited imagination and expression. As for the deconstructive architecture, it is a beautiful architecture that makes the viewer enjoy the view to the point of confusion.

HAVE ANY QUESTION?

References • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Abdulaziz_Center_for_World_Culture https://www.ikea.com/bh/en/stores/ https://www.dataviz-jwirges.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ModernistDesignChairs-DesignLineageIKEAPoäng-DatavizJohannesWirges.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantilever_chair Figure .1 : shorturl.at/szGZ7 Figure .2: shorturl.at/fsB89 Figure .3: shorturl.at/ksJPS Figure .4: shorturl.at/fmwFJ Figure .5: shorturl.at/fFH02 Figure .6: shorturl.at/nyFQ4 Figure .7-13: shorturl.at/jvBJW Figure .14 /16: https://www.instagram.com/p/CQZFYxwgPhl/ Figure .15: https://www.instagram.com/p/CQrdVMkjRdC/ Figure .17: https://www.instagram.com/p/CQlrWLnrIRj/ Figure .18: shorturl.at/ilpGI Figure .19: shorturl.at/ilpGI Figure .20-21: https://www.ikea.com/bh/en/stores/ Figure .22: http://afp-cv.blogspot.com/2017/05/maps-ikea.html Figure .23: https://www.dataviz-jwirges.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ModernistDesignChairs-DesignLineageIKEAPoängDatavizJohannesWirges.pdf Figure .24: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantilever_chair Figure .25: shorturl.at/oFIO9 Figure .27: https://www.ikea.com/bh/en/p/lack-side-table-white-30449908/?gclid=CjwKCAjwlrqHBhByEiwAnLmYUCLDUzHzVWrToHUiN7hnsKxsKVlEMIMVxKiGFkQBMZAf2_pHP0bKxoChBMQAvD_BwE Figure .28: shorturl.at/wDRX8 Figure .29: shorturl.at/gtAI8 Figure .30-40: https://pearlingpath.bh/en/new-architecture/ Figure .29