Urban Microclimate Analysis

Simulation & Analysis

Urban Microclimate Yucheng Dai a 1 7 0 0 8 9 2

Xiaojia Li a 1 7 3 2 1 9 0

Photograph taken by Yucheng Dai

East View Panorama produced by Yucheng Dai

West View Panorama produced by Yucheng Dai

OVERVIEW

Location: Gate 20 lane of University of Adelaide between North Terrace and Hub Central

The Gate 20 lane of the University of Adelaide, with its concrete cement and asphalt road surface, is flanked by Hub Central, Hughes building, Kenneth Wills building, Mitchell building and Art Gallery of South Australia, sitting on a sloped ground descending all the way down to the Gate 9.

0

10

20

40

100 m

1 : 2000

Location Plan The plan drawing produced by Yucheng Dai. (via illustrator and AutoCAD)

Site Conditions

Location: Gate 20 lane of University of Adelaide between North Terrace and Hub Central

Using two panoramas show the overall visual perception of the surroundings. Illustrating different building heights, descending trend of the slope and various building surface materials such as concrete, glass, and limestone.

108 100 Chart 1. Public activities investigation 9 Sept 9:00-10:30 am & 4:10-5:45 pm 10 Sept 10:40-11:30 am & 2:00-2:50 pm

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

75

Summer 21 Dec. 2019

5 m/s

4 m/s

180 ° S

314 ° NW

Air Temperature Range

20 – 42 ° C

8 – 16 ° C

Relative Humidity

10 – 50 ° C

40 – 80 ° C

Wind Speed

Walking in average speed Standing & discussion Sitting on the lawn Jogging along the way Working (mainly school bus drivers)

50

Winter 21 Jun. 2019

Wind Direction

Simple forcing value used Provide from Myuni - Environment III - Repuirements of Assignment 2b

27 25 17

2

0 1

2

3

4

7 5

This lane serves as the main entrance access to Hub Central. The daily flows of people are much larger than other routes. Basically, the crowd concentrates between 8 : 30 am and 11: 30 am and between 4 : 00 pm and 5 : 30 pm as many students and tutors are rushing to attend classes. At night, the school buses gather along the lane. Pedestrian states and various public activities have been investigated during the data collection stage of the previous assignment 2a (as shown in the left bar chart).

Summer Simulations

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 2019 10:00:01 21.12.2019

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

130.00

120.00

120.00

Summer | 8 : 00 am. | 21 Dec 2019

Summer | 10 : 00 am. | 21 Dec 2019 Cut at k=220 (z=1.0000 m) Air Temperature Figure 1: x/yGate SIm Summer 2019 08:00:01 21.12.2019 < 23.42 °C

110.00

70.00

70.00

Y (m)

50.00

24.25 °C 24.42 °C

90.00

1.00 m/s > 24.91 °C 2.00 m/s Flow v 1.00 m/s 3.00°C m/s Min: 23.42 2.00 m/s 4.00 m/s Max: 25.08 °C 3.00 m/s 5.00 m/s 4.00 m/s

80.00

5.00 m/s

Min: 23.42 °C Max: 25.08 °C

50.00

50.00

50.00 40.00 40.00

40.00

40.00 40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

100.00

40.00 70.00

X (m)

110.00

50.00

120.00

130.00

60.00

ENVI_met

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

70.00

100.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

X (m)

40.00

80.00

50.00

60.00

90.00N

70.00

100.00

80.00

ENVI_met

90.00

110.00

X (m)

100.00

120.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

130.00

40.00

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 2019 12:00:01 21.12.2019

80.00

130.00

130.00

ENVI_met

90.00

70.00

70.00

Y (m)

50.00

33.74 °C 33.95 °C

110.00

33.33 °C 33.54 °C 33.74 °C 33.95 °C

100.00

34.16 °C 34.36 °C

90.00

34.57 °C 34.78 °C

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

40.00 70.00

X (m)

50.00

130.00

60.00

70.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

40.00

80.00

60.00

100.00

X (m)

50.00

60.00

90.00N

70.00

100.00

80.00

ENVI_met

90.00

110.00

X (m)

100.00

120.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

100.00

70.00 X (m)40.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

110.00

50.00

120.00

60.00

130.00

70.00

100.00

110.00

120.00

40.00

80.00

50.00

60.00

90.00 N

70.00

100.00

80.00

ENVI_met

90.00

110.00 X (m)

100.00

120.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

130.00

130.00

1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00

m/s m/s m/s m/s m/s

N

N Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 2019 14:00:01N 21.12.2019 <Right foot>

X (m)

ENVI_met

110.00

120.00

130.00

1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00

40.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

90.00

60.00

70.00

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 2019 14:00:01 21.12.2019

130.0080.00

90.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

37.85 °C 38.09 °C

110.00

36.90 °C 37.14 °C

90.00

70.00

37.37 °C 37.61 °C

120.00

< 36.66 °C

38.33 °C °C

100.00

37.37 °C 37.61 °C 37.85 °C 38.09 °C

80.00

60.00

Flow v 38.57

1.00 m/s > 38.81 °C 2.00 m/s Flow v 1.00 m/s 3.00°C m/s Min: 36.66 2.00 m/s 4.00 m/s Max: 39.05 °C 3.00 m/s 5.00 m/s 4.00 m/s

90.00

38.33 °C 38.57 °C

80.00

5.00 m/s

> 38.81 °C 70.00

Min: 36.66 °C Max: 39.05 °C

Flow v

60.00

60.00

50.00

50.00

50.00

80.00

40.00 40.00

130.00 N

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

<Right foot>

40.00

40.00

90.00

100.00

X70.00 (m) 40.00

110.00

50.00

120.00

130.00

60.00

60.00

ENVI_met

<Right foot>

50.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

70.00

40.00

80.00

100.00

X (m)

40.00 50.00

60.00

90.00N

70.00

100.00

80.00

ENVI_met

90.00

110.00

X (m)

100.00

120.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00

m/s m/s m/s m/s m/s

N

130.00 N

<Right foot>

ENVI_met

<Right foot>

ENVI_met

<Right foot>

50.00

40.00

40.00 50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00 X (m)

100.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

40.00 N

<Right foot>

N

X (m) <Right foot>

<Right foot>

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 2019 14:00:01 21.12.2019

Cut at k=220 (z=1.0000 m) Air Temperature Figure 1: x/yGate SIm Summer N 21.12.2019 2019 14:00:01 < 36.66 °C

130.00

36.90 °C Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 37.14 2019 °C 08:00:01 21.12.2019

40.00 N

120.00

130.00

Air Temperature

70.00

50.00

110.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

100.00

100.00

70.00

100.00

110.00

120.00

110.00

80.00

90.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

120.00

80.00

60.00

m/s m/s m/s m/s m/s

50.00

X (m)

110.00

90.00

ENVI_met

40.00

50.00

X (m)

N

X (m) ENVI_met

90.00

130.00

34.57 °C °C

Flow v

60.00

40.00

120.00

40.00

120.00

100.00

70.00

Min: 33.12 °C Max: 35.19 °C

40.00

110.00

40.00

40.00

100.00

5.00 m/s

> 34.98 °C

50.00

100.00

Flow v

60.00

120.00 50.00

34.16 °C 34.36 °C

1.00 m/s > 34.98 °C 2.00 m/s Flow v 1.00 m/s 3.00°C m/s Min: 33.12 2.00 m/s 4.00 m/s Max: 35.19 °C 3.00 m/s 5.00 m/s 4.00 m/s

50.00

90.00

80.00

130.00

<Right foot>

Flow v 34.78

80.00

50.00

40.00

5.00 m/s

70.00

Min: 28.92 °C Max: 30.27 °C

50.00

40.00

Cut at k=220 (z=1.0000 m) Air Temperature Figure 1: x/yGate SIm Summer N 2019 12:00:01 21.12.2019 < 33.12 °C

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

40.00

40.00

130.00

120.00

< 33.12 °C

60.00

80.00

40.00

120.00

130.00

90.00

70.00

90.00

80.00

50.00

110.00

33.33 °C Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 33.54 2019 °C 08:00:01 21.12.2019

80.00

60.00

60.00

110.00

Air Temperature

100.00

90.00

> 30.14 °C

130.00 60.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

100.00

110.00

80.00

100.00

110.00

120.00

80.00

90.00

70.00

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 2019 12:00:01 21.12.2019

120.00

Y (m)

Y (m)

100.00

90.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

Y (m)

Y (m)

110.00

60.00

<Right foot>

X (m)

100.00 120.00

50.00

<Right foot>

Y (m)

70.00

1.00 m/s > m/s 30.14 °C 2.00 Flow v 3.00 m/s 1.00 m/s Min: 28.92 °C 2.00 m/s 4.00 m/s m/s Max: 30.27 °C 3.00 5.00 m/s 4.00 m/s

Summer | 2 : 00 pm. | 21 Dec 2019

110.00 40.00 60.00

29.60 °C 29.73 °C

Flow v

40.00

40.00

<Right foot>

29.87 °C 30.00 °C

100.00

N

Summer | 12 : 00 pm. | 21 Dec 2019 50.00

29.33 °C 29.46 °C

60.00

80.00

<Right foot>

40.00

90.00

29.60 °C 29.73 °C

110.00

29.19 °C

90.00

70.00

50.00

50.00

120.00 50.00

130.00

< 28.92 °C

29.87 °C 30.00 °C

60.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m) ENVI_met

Air Temperature

80.00

100.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

120.00

29.06 °C

70.00

29.33 °C 29.46 °C

130.00

120.00

110.00

90.00

60.00

m/s m/s m/s m/s m/s

N Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer N 2019 12:00:01 21.12.2019

X (m)

130.00 60.00

ENVI_met

50.00

40.00

1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00

110.00

29.06 °C Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 29.19 2019 °C08:00:01 21.12.2019

100.00

70.00

Flow v

60.00

90.00

< 28.92 °C

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

80.00

80.00

70.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

Flow v 24.75

90.00

> 24.91 °C

70.00

24.25 °C 24.42 °C 24.58 °C °C

100.00

23.92 °C 24.09 °C

24.58 °C 24.75 °C

60.00

60.00

90.00

80.00

100.00

110.00

23.59 °C 23.75 °C

110.00

Y (m)

80.00

< 23.42 °C

23.92 °C 24.09 °C

120.00

Y (m)

110.00

90.00

Air Temperature

100.00

80.00

120.00

130.00

Y (m)

90.00

120.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

130.00

120.00

Y (m)

Y (m)

100.00

23.59 °C Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 23.75 2019 °C 08:00:01 21.12.2019

Y (m)

Y (m)

110.00

100.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

120.00

Y (m)

130.00

Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m) Figure 1:x/yGate 20 SIm Summer Air Temperature 2019 10:00:01 21.12.2019

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

Y (m)

100.00

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 2019 10:00:01 21.12.2019

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 2019 10:00:01 21.12.2019 130.00

130.00

Y (m)

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

Y (m)

130.00

130.00

110.00

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 2019 08:00:01 21.12.2019

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 2019 08:00:01 21.12.2019

Y (m)

110.00

120.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

130.00

Y (m)

From 8 am to 2 pm

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 2019 08:00:01 21.12.2019

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00 X (m)

100.00

110.00

120.00

130.00 N

Summer Simulations

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 2019 16:00:01 21.12.2019

From 4 pm to 10 pm 130.00

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 2019 18:00:01 21.12.2019

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

120.00

120.00

Summer | 4 : 00 pm. | 21 Dec 2019

Summer | 6 : 00 pm. | 21 Dec 2019

130.00

Cut at k=2 20 (z=1.0000 m) Figure 1:x/yGate SIm Summer Air Temperature 2019 16:00:01 21.12.2019

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

130.00

100.00

70.00

> 41.61 °C Min: 39.57 °C Max: 41.84 °C

40.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

100.00

70.00 X (m)40.00

110.00

50.00

120.00

60.00

130.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

70.00

100.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

X (m)

40.00

80.00

50.00

60.00

90.00 N

70.00

100.00

80.00

ENVI_met

90.00

110.00 X (m)

100.00

120.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

130.00

40.00

70.00

130.0080.00

Y (m)

90.00

120.00

< 34.99 °C

110.00

35.02 °C 35.04 °C

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

35.11 °C 35.14 °C

80.00

X70.00 (m) 40.00

50.00

130.00

60.00

60.00

90.00

100.00

70.00 X (m)40.00

110.00

50.00

120.00

60.00

130.00

70.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

100.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

X (m)

50.00

40.00

80.00

60.00

90.00 N

70.00

80.00

100.00

ENVI_met

90.00

110.00 X (m)

100.00

120.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

130.00

1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00

m/s m/s m/s m/s m/s

N

Figure 1: Gate N20 SIm Summer N 21.12.2019 2019 22:00:01 <Right foot>

X (m)

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

70.00

40.00

80.00

100.00

X (m)

40.00 50.00

60.00

90.00N

70.00

100.00

80.00

ENVI_met

90.00

110.00

X (m)

100.00

120.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 2019 22:00:01 21.12.2019

70.00 130.00 80.00

90.00

100.00

110.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

120.00

X (m)

< 29.99 °C

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

90.00

110.00

120.00

Y (m)

70.00

< 29.99 °C

90.00

90.00

31.35 °C °C

100.00

30.57 °C 30.76 °C 30.96 °C 31.15 °C 31.35 °C 31.54 °C

Flow v31.54

1.00 m/s > 31.74 2.00 m/sFlow v °C 1.00 m/s 3.00 m/s 2.00 m/s Min: 29.99 °C 4.00 m/s 3.00 m/s Max: 31.93 °C 4.00 m/s 5.00 m/s

90.00

80.00

5.00 m/s

> 31.74 °C

70.00

30.96 °C 31.15 °C

110.00

30.18 °C 30.37 °C

80.00

60.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

30.57 °C 30.76 °C

120.00

Air Temperature 100.00

100.00

30.18 °C Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 30.372019°C08:00:01 21.12.2019

130.00

70.00

Min: 29.99 °C Max: 31.93 °C

60.00

Flow v

60.00 50.00

50.00

50.00

80.00

40.00 40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

N

N

40.00 <Right foot>

N

ENVI_met

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

40.00

90.00

100.00

70.00 X (m)40.00

110.00

50.00

120.00

60.00

130.00

40.00

70.00

40.00

80.00

50.00

60.00

90.00 N

70.00

100.00

80.00

ENVI_met

90.00

100.00

110.00 X (m)

120.00

110.00

120.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00

m/s m/s m/s m/s m/s

N

130.00 <Right foot>

N

N

X (m) <Right foot>

100.00

X (m)

40.00

130.00

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 2019 22:00:01 21.12.2019

Cut at k=2 20 (z=1.0000 m) Figure 1:x/yGate SIm Summer Air Temperature N 21.12.2019 2019 22:00:01

130.00

120.00

110.00

90.00

50.00

<Right foot>

ENVI_met

60.00

80.00

60.00

m/s m/s m/s m/s m/s

50.00

130.00

70.00

Flow v

60.00

X (m) ENVI_met

40.00

40.00

80.00

70.00

Min: 34.99 °C Max: 35.23 °C

40.00

120.00

100.00

5.00 m/s

> 35.21 °C

50.00

110.00

Flow v

60.00

100.00

35.11 °C 35.14 °C

1.00 m/s > 35.21 °C 2.00 m/s Flow v 1.00 m/s 3.00°C m/s Min: 34.99 2.00 m/s 4.00 m/s Max: 35.23 °C 3.00 m/s 5.00 m/s 4.00 m/s

90.00

35.16 °C 35.19 °C

60.00

100.00

80.00

120.00

110.00

Flow v 35.19

50.00

90.00

5.00 m/s

70.00

Min: 37.61 °C Max: 38.40 °C

40.00

40.00

130.00

35.06 °C 35.09 °C

35.16 °C °C

100.00

35.06 °C 35.09 °C

50.00

40.00

70.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

40.00

40.00

Cut at k=220 (z=1.0000 m) Air Temperature Figure 1: x/yGate SIm Summer N 21.12.2019 2019 20:00:01 < 34.99 °C

130.00

130.00

90.00

70.00

80.00

40.00

120.00

35.02 °C Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 35.04 2019 °C 08:00:01 21.12.2019

80.00

60.00

50.00

110.00

Y (m)

70.00

60.00

100.00

Air Temperature

100.00

70.00

80.00

50.00

110.00 40.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

100.00

110.00

80.00

90.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

110.00

120.00

80.00

90.00

60.00

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 2019 20:00:01 21.12.2019

120.00

Y (m)

Y (m)

100.00

90.00

> 38.32 °C

130.00 60.00

Y (m)

90.00

Y (m)

110.00

50.00

<Right foot>

X (m)

130.00

1.00 m/s > 38.32 °C 2.00 m/s Flow v 3.00 m/s 1.00 m/s Min: 37.61 °C 2.00 m/s 4.00 m/s m/s Max: 38.40 °C 3.00 5.00 m/s 4.00 m/s

50.00

80.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 2019 20:00:01 21.12.2019

100.00 120.00

38.01 °C 38.08 °C

Flow v

Summer | 10 : 00 pm. | 21 Dec 2019

40.00 60.00

100.00

120.00 50.00

110.00

50.00

37.85 °C 37.93 °C

60.00

50.00

40.00

Summer | 8 : 00 pm. | 21 Dec 2019 40.00

38.16 °C 38.24 °C

37.77 °C

90.00

70.00

90.00

38.01 °C 38.08 °C

110.00

40.00 N

120.00 50.00

130.00

< 37.61 °C

38.16 °C 38.24 °C

60.00

50.00

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer N 2019 20:00:01N 21.12.2019

X (m)

130.00 60.00

m/s m/s m/s m/s m/s

Air Temperature

80.00

100.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

120.00

Y (m)

50.00

50.00

40.00

70.00

37.85 °C 37.93 °C

130.00

37.69 °C

110.00

60.00

1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00

110.00

37.69 °C Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 37.77 2019 °C08:00:01 21.12.2019

100.00

70.00

Flow v

60.00

90.00

< 37.61 °C

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

80.00

80.00

m/s m/s m/s m/s m/s

120.00

Y (m)

40.00

1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00

70.00

50.00

40.00

90.00

3.00 m/s Min: 39.57 °C 4.00 m/s Max: 41.84 °C 5.00 m/s

40.00

40.00

41.16 °C °C

1.00 m/s > 41.61 2.00 m/s Flow v°C

90.00

50.00

80.00

100.00

Flow v41.39

80.00

60.00

50.00

50.00

41.16 °C 41.39 °C

40.71 °C 40.93 °C

130.00

120.00

Y (m)

Y (m)

90.00

100.00

40.71 °C 40.93 °C

70.00

60.00

60.00

40.25 °C 40.48 °C

80.00

100.00

70.00

110.00

40.02 °C

90.00

110.00

Y (m)

80.00

< 39.57 °C 39.80 °C

110.00

90.00

120.00

Air Temperature

40.25 °C 40.48 °C

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

130.00

100.00

80.00

120.00

Y (m)

110.00

39.80 °C Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 40.02 2019 °C08:00:01 21.12.2019

Y (m)

90.00

Cut at k=2 20 (z=1.0000 m) Figure 1:x/yGate SIm Summer Air Temperature 2019 18:00:01 21.12.2019

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

100.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

120.00

Y (m)

Y (m)

100.00

120.00

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 2019 18:00:01 21.12.2019

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 2019 18:00:01 21.12.2019 130.00

130.00

< 39.57 °C

130.00

Y (m)

Y (m)

110.00

110.00

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 2019 16:00:01 21.12.2019

Y (m)

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 2019 16:00:01 21.12.2019

Y (m)

110.00

120.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

130.00

60.00

<Right foot>

50.00

50.00

40.00 40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00 X (m)

100.00

110.00

120.00

40.00

130.00 N

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00 X (m)

100.00

130.00 N

Winter Simulations

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm winter 2019 10:00:01 21.12.2019

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

130.00

120.00

120.00

Winter | 8 : 00 am. | 21 Jun 2019

Winter | 10 : 00 am. | 21 Jun 2019 Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm winter Air Temperature 2019 08:00:01 21.12.2019 x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

< 10.34 °C

70.00

Y (m) 50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

40.00 40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

100.00

70.00 X (m)40.00

110.00

50.00

120.00

60.00

130.00

50.00

40.00

70.00

90.00

100.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

X (m)

80.00

60.00

90.00 N

70.00

80.00

100.00

ENVI_met

90.00

110.00 X (m)

100.00

120.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm winter 2019 12:00:01 21.12.2019

70.00 130.00 80.00

100.00

110.00

130.00

120.00

90.00

90.00

110.00

90.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

110.00

14.56 °C 14.71 °C

Flow v

100.00

14.87 °C 15.03 °C

90.00

80.00

70.00 X (m)40.00

50.00

60.00

130.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

40.00

70.00

90.00

100.00

X (m)

80.00

50.00

60.00

90.00 N

70.00

80.00

100.00

ENVI_met

90.00

110.00 X (m)

100.00

120.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

60.00

130.00

70.00

80.00

60.00

90.00 N

70.00

80.00

100.00

ENVI_met

90.00

60.00

110.00 X (m)

100.00

70.00

80.00

120.00

110.00

90.00

120.00

100.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

130.00

1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00

m/s m/s m/s m/s m/s

N

Figure 1: GateN 20 SIm winter 2019 14:00:01 N 21.12.2019

130.00

<Right foot>

X (m)

130.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00

60.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm winter 2019 14:00:01 21.12.2019

70.00 130.00 80.00

90.00

130.00

120.00

110.00

90.00

110.00

40.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

120.00

Air Temperature < 15.27 °C

90.00

16.16 °C 16.34 °C

110.00

15.45 °C 15.63 °C 15.80 °C 15.98 °C

100.00

16.16 °C 16.34 °C

Flow v

90.00

80.00

5.00 m/s

70.00

Min: 15.27 °C Max: 17.06 °C

Flow v

60.00

60.00

50.00

50.00

80.00

40.00

N <Right foot>

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

100.00

70.00 X (m)40.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

110.00

50.00

120.00

60.00

130.00

70.00

60.00

50.00

50.00

90.00

100.00

X (m)

40.00

80.00

50.00

60.00

90.00 N

70.00

80.00

100.00

ENVI_met

90.00

110.00 X (m)

100.00

120.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

130.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00

m/s m/s m/s m/s m/s

N

N

<Right foot>

N

X (m)

60.00

40.00

50.00

40.00

40.00

16.52 °C 16.70 °C

1.00 m/s >m/s 16.88 °C 2.00 Flow v 3.00 m/s m/s Min: 15.27 °C 1.00 2.00 m/s 4.00 m/s m/s Max: 17.06 °C 3.00 5.00 m/s 4.00 m/s

> 16.88 °C

70.00

90.00

15.80 °C 15.98 °C

130.00

16.52 °C 16.70 °C

50.00

50.00

x/y at k=2 (z=1.0000 Figure 1:CutGate 20 m)SIm winter Air Temperature N 21.12.2019 2019 14:00:01

15.45 °C Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 15.632019 °C08:00:01 21.12.2019

80.00

60.00

40.00

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm winter 2019 14:00:01 21.12.2019

130.00

< 15.27 °C

40.00 N

120.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

120.00

70.00

50.00

100.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

X (m)

100.00

60.00

m/s m/s m/s m/s m/s

50.00

N

X (m)

40.00

50.00

120.00

110.00

90.00

70.00

Flow v

60.00

40.00

120.00

70.00 X (m)40.00

110.00

100.00

80.00

4.00 m/s 5.00 m/s

50.00

110.00

50.00

X (m)

80.00

70.00

60.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

15.18 °C 15.34 °C

> 15.50 °C Min: 14.08 °C Max: 15.66 °C

110.00

1.00 m/s >m/s 15.50 °C 2.00 3.00 m/s Flow v 1.00 m/s Min: 14.08 °C 4.00 m/s 2.00 m/s Max: 15.66 °C 3.00 m/s 5.00 m/s

40.00

90.00

90.00

40.00

120.00

14.87 °C 15.03 °C

40.00

40.00

40.00

50.00

40.00

100.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

50.00

40.00

40.00

40.00

40.00

130.00

14.56 °C 14.71 °C

120.00

14.24 °C 14.40 °C

70.00

80.00

40.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

< 14.08 °C

15.18 °C 15.34 °C

50.00

50.00

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm winter Air Temperature N 21.12.2019 2019 12:00:01

130.00

< 14.08 °C

Air Temperature

80.00

60.00

Y (m)

Y (m)

Y (m)

70.00 100.00

60.00

120.00

130.00

80.00

70.00

110.00

14.24 °C 14.40Figure °C1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 2019 08:00:01 21.12.2019

100.00

80.00

100.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

120.00

110.00

Flow v

60.00

50.00

110.00 40.00

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm winter 2019 12:00:01 21.12.2019

X (m)

100.00

90.00

5.00 m/s

70.00

Min: 12.56 °C Max: 13.73 °C

130.00 60.00

Y (m)

Y (m)

120.00

80.00

> 13.61 °C

Winter | 2 : 00 pm. | 21 Jun 2019

Y (m)

130.00

80.00

90.00

120.00 50.00

110.00 40.00 60.00

70.00

<Right foot>

Winter | 12 : 00 pm. | 21 Jun 2019 50.00

60.00

1.00 m/s > 13.61 2.00 m/s Flow v°C 3.00 m/s 1.00 m/s Min: 12.56 °C 2.00 m/s 4.00 m/s m/s Max: 13.73 °C 3.00 5.00 m/s 4.00 m/s

50.00

80.00

50.00

13.15 °C 13.26 °C

60.00

N

40.00

Flow v

13.03 °C

70.00

50.00

40.00

13.38 °C 13.50 °C

100.00

12.91 °C

13.38 °C 13.50 °C

90.00

13.15 °C 13.26 °C

110.00

12.68 °C 12.80 °C

80.00

60.00

50.00

120.00 50.00

40.00

70.00 100.00

70.00

N Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm winter 2019 12:00:01 N 21.12.2019

130.00

X (m)

130.00 60.00

m/s m/s m/s m/s m/s

< 12.56 °C

90.00

12.91 °C 13.03 °C

120.00

Air Temperature

Y (m)

40.00

50.00

110.00

90.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

130.00

100.00

60.00

1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00

110.00

12.68 °C Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 12.802019 °C08:00:01 21.12.2019

120.00

80.00

Flow v

60.00

40.00

40.00

11.12 °C 11.23 °C

5.00 m/s

Min: 10.34 °C Max: 11.46 °C

90.00

< 12.56 °C

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

80.00

70.00

50.00

80.00

40.00

80.00

> 11.34 °C

120.00

100.00

1.00 m/s >m/s 11.34 °C 2.00 Flow v 3.00 m/s 1.00 m/s Min: 10.34 °C 2.00 m/s 4.00 m/s m/s Max: 11.46 °C 3.00 5.00 m/s 4.00 m/s

90.00

60.00

50.00

50.00

10.90 °C 11.01 °C

70.00

90.00

Flow v

10.79 °C

11.12 °C 11.23 °C

60.00

60.00

100.00

10.67 °C

80.00

100.00

70.00

90.00

130.00

Y (m)

80.00

10.45 °C 10.56 °C

110.00

10.90 °C 11.01 °C

110.00

Y (m)

110.00

Y (m)

Y (m)

80.00

10.67 °C 10.79 °C

120.00

Air Temperature

100.00

90.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

130.00

110.00

120.00

100.00

120.00

10.45 °C Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 10.56 2019 °C 08:00:01 21.12.2019

Y (m)

90.00

< 10.34 °C

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

120.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m) Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm winter Air Temperature 2019 10:00:01 21.12.2019

100.00

Y (m)

110.00

Y (m)

130.00

130.00

130.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

Y (m)

100.00

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm winter 2019 10:00:01 21.12.2019

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm winter 2019 10:00:01 21.12.2019

Y (m)

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

Y (m)

130.00

130.00

110.00

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm winter 2019 08:00:01 21.12.2019

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm winter 2019 08:00:01 21.12.2019

Y (m)

110.00

120.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

130.00

Y (m)

From 8 am to 2 pm

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm winter 2019 08:00:01 21.12.2019

40.00 50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00 X (m)

100.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

40.00 N

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00 X (m)

100.00

110.00

120.00

130.00 N

Winter Simulations

120.00

120.00

Winter | 4 : 00 pm. | 21 Jun 2019

Winter | 6 : 00 pm. | 21 Jun 2019 x/y at k=2 (z=1.0000 Figure 1:CutGate 20 m)SIm winter Air Temperature 2019 16:00:01 21.12.2019

100.00

90.00

110.00

Y (m)

Y (m)

110.00

< 16.06 °C

70.00

80.00

70.00

Y (m)

90.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

50.00

40.00 40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

100.00

70.00 X (m)40.00

110.00

50.00

120.00

60.00

130.00

50.00

40.00

70.00

90.00

100.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

X (m)

40.00

40.00

80.00

60.00

90.00 N

70.00

80.00

100.00

ENVI_met

90.00

110.00 X (m)

100.00

120.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

m/s m/s m/s m/s m/s

70.00

40.00 40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

<Right foot>

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm winter 2019 20:00:01 21.12.2019

Y (m)

60.00

70.00 130.00 80.00

130.00

120.00

90.00

110.00

110.00

120.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

2019 08:00:01 21.12.2019

Air Temperature 13.28 °C 13.31 °C

90.00

110.00

13.34 °C 13.38 °C 13.41 °C 13.45 °C

90.00

Min: 13.24 °C Max: 13.58 °C

50.00

13.48 °C °C

90.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

4.00 m/s 5.00 m/s

Flow v

60.00

50.00

50.00

40.00

40.00

40.00

90.00

100.00

X70.00 (m) 40.00

110.00

50.00

120.00

130.00

60.00

70.00

40.00

80.00

50.00

60.00

90.00N

X (m) 60.00

ENVI_met

4.00 m/s 5.00 m/s

70.00

Flow v

60.00

50.00

50.00 40.00 50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

40.00

40.00

90.00

100.00

X70.00 (m) 40.00

110.00

50.00

120.00

130.00

60.00

70.00

40.00

80.00

90.00

100.00

X (m)

50.00

60.00

90.00N

ENVI_met

70.00

100.00

80.00

ENVI_met

90.00

100.00

110.00 X (m) 120.00

110.00

130.00

120.00

130.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00

m/s m/s m/s m/s m/s

N

N

N

ENVI_met

70.00

80.00

100.00

90.00

110.00 X (m)

50.00

60.00

100.00

120.00

70.00

110.00

80.00

90.00 X (m)

120.00

130.00

100.00

130.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00

m/s m/s m/s m/s m/s

N

N

N

ENVI_met

<Right foot>

<Right foot>

<Right foot>

ENVI_met

<Right foot>

50.00

40.00 40.00

50.00

60.00

<Right foot>

<Right foot>

<Right foot>

<Right foot>

70.00

80.00

90.00 X (m)

100.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

100.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

X (m)

Simulation Process We used ENVI-MET software, as a holistic three-dimensional non-hydrostatic model, to simulate the urban outdoor microclimates during the period of 21 June 2019 and 21 December 2019. The three-dimensional site model making was the first step for upcoming simulation, and then conducted simulation for two days to analyse the air temperature variations and wind speed. Eventually, we imported simulation output files in <LEONARDO> to visualise the 2D diagrams during the period of 8 am -10 pm in summer and winter.

70.00

60.00

80.00

50.00

Min: 14.65 °C Max: 15.26 °C

ENVI_met

1.00 m/s > m/s 13.55 °C 2.00 3.00 m/s v Min: 13.24 °C Flow1.00 m/s 4.00 m/s 2.00 m/s Max: 13.58 °C 5.00 m/s 3.00 m/s

80.00

> 13.55 °C

70.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

Flow v 13.51

100.00

40.00

40.00

80.00

> 15.20 °C

60.00

50.00

90.00

13.41 °C 13.45 °C

120.00

13.48 °C 13.51 °C

60.00

13.34 °C 13.38 °C

< 13.24 °C

80.00

100.00

40.00

14.96 °C 15.02 °C

1.00 m/s > 15.20 °C 2.00 m/s 3.00 m/s Flow v Min: 14.65 °C 1.00 m/s 4.00 m/s 2.00 m/s Max: 15.26 °C 3.00 m/s 5.00 m/s

40.00

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm winter 2019 20:00:01 21.12.2019

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 Air Temperature Figure 1: Gate 20 m)SIm winter N 21.12.2019 2019 20:00:01 < 13.24 °C

130.00

130.00

100.00

70.00

Y (m)

100.00

13.28 °C 13.31 Figure °C 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer

120.00

110.00

50.00

90.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

X (m)

Y (m)

Y (m)

50.00

80.00

60.00

90.00

15.08 °C °C

Flow v15.14

100.00

50.00

Y (m)

40.00 100.00

70.00

14.84 °C 14.90 °C

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

14.96 °C 15.02 °C

110.00

14.71 °C 14.77 °C

ENVI_met

40.00

80.00

< 14.65 °C

15.08 °C 15.14 °C

60.00

ENVI_met

110.00

90.00

120.00

Air Temperature

90.00

70.00

14.84 °C 14.90 °C

130.00

X (m)

Winter | 8 : 00 pm. | 21 Jun 2019

100.00

14.71 °C 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 14.77Figure °C 2019 08:00:01 21.12.2019

80.00

80.00

50.00

110.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

40.00 N

120.00

120.00

100.00

60.00

50.00

60.00

130.00

110.00

100.00

60.00

1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00

90.00 120.00

70.00

Figure 1: GateN 20 SIm winter 2019 20:00:01N 21.12.2019

130.00

X (m)

130.00

2.00 m/s 3.00 m/s 4.00 m/s 5.00 m/s

120.00

110.00

90.00

80.00

Flow v

60.00

50.00

80.00

40.00

1.00 m/s >m/s 17.42 °C 2.00 Flow v 3.00 m/s 1.00 m/s

130.00

80.00

70.00

Min: 16.06 °C Max: 17.57 °C

60.00

50.00

50.00

100.00

17.12 °C 17.27 °C

Min: 16.06 °C 4.00 m/s Max: 17.57 °C 5.00 m/s

80.00

> 17.42 °C

70.00

Flow v

90.00

17.12 °C 17.27 °C

60.00

60.00

16.81 °C 16.97 °C

80.00

100.00

100.00

16.51 °C 16.66 °C

110.00

16.81 °C 16.97 °C

110.00

16.21 °C 16.36 °C

90.00

16.51 °C 16.66 °C

120.00

Air Temperature

80.00 90.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

130.00

100.00

100.00

120.00

16.21 °C Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 16.36 2019 °C 08:00:01 21.12.2019

120.00

at k=2 (z=1.0000 m) Air Temperature Figure 1:x/y Cut Gate 20 SIm winter 2019 18:00:01 21.12.2019 < 14.65 °C

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

100.00

< 16.06 °C

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

Y (m)

120.00

Y (m)

Y (m)

110.00

130.00

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm winter 2019 18:00:01 21.12.2019

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm winter 2019 18:00:01 21.12.2019 130.00

130.00

Y (m)

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

Y (m)

130.00

130.00

110.00

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm winter 2019 16:00:01 21.12.2019

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm winter 2019 16:00:01 21.12.2019

Y (m)

110.00

120.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

130.00

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

130.00

Y (m)

From 4 pm to 8 pm

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm winter 2019 18:00:01 21.12.2019

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm winter 2019 16:00:01 21.12.2019

110.00

120.00

130.00 N

N

<Right foot>

Summer

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 2019 20:00:01 21.12.2019

130.00 | 21 Dec 2019 8 : 00 am.

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

120.00

110.00

110.00

35.02 °C 35.04 °C

Y (m)

35.06 °C 35.09 °C 35.11 °C 35.14 °C

< 13.24 °C 13.28 °C 13.31 °C

90.00

13.34 °C 13.38 °C 13.41 °C 13.45 °C

80.00

35.16 °C 35.19 °C > 35.21 °C

70.00

Air Temperature

100.00

< 34.99 °C

80.00

13.48 °C 13.51 °C > 13.55 °C

70.00

Min: 34.99 °C Max: 35.23 °C

60.00

60.00

50.00

50.00

40.00

Min: 13.24 °C Max: 13.58 °C

40.00 50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

100.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

X (m)

130.00

N SIm Summer Figure 1: Gate 20 2019 12:00:01 21.12.2019

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

100.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

X (m)

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm winter 2019 12:00:01 21.12.2019 x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m) N

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

130.00

120.00

12 : 00 pm. | 21 Dec 2019 ENVI_met

<Right foot>

12 : 00 pm. | 21 Jun 2019 ENVI_met

120.00

<Right foot>

110.00

110.00

Air Temperature

100.00

< 14.08 °C

Air Temperature

100.00

Y (m)

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.0000 m)

Air Temperature

90.00

40.00

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm winter 2019 20:00:01 21.12.2019

130.00 8 : 00 am. | 21 Jun 2019

120.00

100.00

Y (m)

Winter

Y (m)

< 33.12 °C 33.33 °C 33.54 °C

90.00

33.74 °C 33.95 °C

14.24 °C 14.40 °C

90.00

14.56 °C 14.71 °C 14.87 °C 15.03 °C

80.00

15.18 °C 15.34 °C

34.16 °C 34.36 °C

80.00

34.57 °C 34.78 °C

> 15.50 °C

70.00

Min: 14.08 °C Max: 15.66 °C

> 34.98 °C

70.00

Min: 33.12 °C Max: 35.19 °C

60.00

60.00

50.00 50.00

40.00 40.00

40.00 40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00 X (m)

ENVI_met

100.00

110.00

120.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00 X (m)

130.00 N

<Right foot>

100.00

110.00

120.00

130.00 N

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 2019 20:00:01 21.12.2019

Summer

Figure 1: Gate 20 2019 20:00:01

Winter

x/z Cut at j=60 (y=121.0000 m)

8 : 00 am. | 21 Dec 2019

x/z Cut at j=60 (y=

8 : 00 am. | 21 Jun 2019 Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 2019 20:00:01 21.12.2019

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm winter 2019 20:00:01 21.12.2019

x/z Cut at j=60 (y=121.0000 m)

x/z Cut at j=60 (y=121.0000 m)

Air Temperature below 34.83 °C 60.00 °C 34.83 to 34.87

50.00

below 34.83 °C

60.00 50.00

30.00

34.92 to 34.96 °C 34.96 to 35.01 °C

40.00

Z (m)

Z (m)

40.00

34.83 to 34.87 °C 34.87 to 34.92 °C

35.01 to 35.05 °C 35.05 to 35.10 °C

30.00

35.10 to 35.14 °C 35.14 to 35.19 °C

20.00

10.00

above 35.19 °C

10.00

Min: 34.78 °C Max: 35.23 °C

0.00

0.00

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 100.00110.00120.00130.00140.00150.00160.00170.00

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 100.00110.00120.00130.00140.00150.00160.00170.00 X (m) X (m)

Flow w

34.87 to 34.92 °C 50.00 °C 34.92 to 34.96

13.17 to 13.23 °C 13.23 to 13.28 °C

50.00

13.28 to 13.34 °C 13.34 to 13.39 °C

40.00

13.39 to 13.45 °C 13.45 to 13.50 °C

30.00

13.50 to 13.56 °C 13.56 to 13.61 °C

20.00

10.00

above 13.61 °C

10.00

Min: 13.12 °C Max: 13.66 °C

0.00

0.00

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 100.00110.00120.00130.00140.00150.00160.00170.00

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 100.00110.00120.00130.00140.00150.00160.00170.00 X (m)

2.00 m/s Flow w 4.00 m/s 2.00 m/s 6.00 m/s 8.00 m/s 4.00 m/s x/z Cut at j=60 (y=121.0000 m) 10.00 m/s

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer 2019 12:00:01 21.12.2019 6.00 m/s 8.00 m/s 10.00 m/s

12 : 00 pm. | 21 Dec 2019

below 13.17 °C

60.00

34.96 to 35.01 °C 40.00 35.01 to 35.05 °C 35.05 to 35.10 °C 30.00 35.10 to 35.14 °C 35.14 to 35.19 °C 20.00 above 35.19 °C

Min: 34.78 °C Max: 35.23 °C

X (m)

60.00

40.00

50.00

30.00

10.00

32.17 to 32.63 °C 32.63 to 33.09 °C

40.00

Z (m)

Z (m)

ENVI_met

20.00

31.26 to 31.72 °C 31.72 to 32.17 °C

33.09 to 33.54 °C 33.54 to 34.00 °C

30.00

34.00 to 34.46 °C 34.46 to 34.91 °C

20.00

above 34.91 °C

10.00

Min: 30.80 °C Max: 35.37 °C

0.00

0.00

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 100.00110.00120.00130.00140.00150.00160.00170.00

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 100.00110.00120.00130.00140.00150.00160.00170.00 X (m) X (m)

31.72 to 32.17 °C 50.00 °C 32.17 to 32.63 32.63 to 33.09 °C 40.00 33.09 to 33.54 °C ENVI_met 33.54 to 34.00 °C 30.00 34.00 to 34.46 °C 34.46 to 34.91 °C 20.00 above 34.91 °C 10.00

Min: 30.80 °C Max: 35.37 °C

N

12.45 to 1 12.90 to 1

below 12.45 °C

60.00

12.45 to 12.90 °C 12.90 to 13.36 °C

50.00

<Right foot>

13.36 to 13.81 °C 13.81 to 14.26 °C

40.00

14.26 to 14.72 °C 14.72 to 15.17 °C

30.00

15.17 to 15.62 °C 15.62 to 16.08 °C

20.00

above 16.08 °C

10.00

Min: 12.00 °C Max: 16.53 °C

0.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 100.00110.00120.00130.00140.00150.00160.00170.00

X (m)

m/s m/s 6.00 m/s 8.00 m/s 10.00 m/s

N

ENVI_met

Figure 1: Gate 20 2019 12:00:01

below 12.4 <Right foot>

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 100.00110.00120.00130.00140.00150.00160.00170.00 X (m)

2.00 m/s Flow w 4.00 m/s 2.00 6.00 m/s 8.00 m/s 4.00 10.00 m/s

2.00 m/s Flow w 4.00 m/s 2.00 m/s 6.00 m/s 8.00 m/s 4.00 m/s x/z Cut at j=60 (y= 10.00 m/s

Air Temperature

0.00

Flow w

Min: 13.12 °C Max: 13.66 °C

ENVI_met

Z (m)

below 31.26 °C

Z (m)

Air Temperature

above 13.6

Air Temperature

below 31.26 °C <Right foot> N 60.00 31.26 to 31.72 °C

50.00

13.50 to 1 13.56 to 1

x/z Cut at j=60 (y=121.0000 m)

Air Temperature

ENVI_met

13.39 to 1 13.45 to 1

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm winter N 21.12.2019 2019 12:00:01

x/z Cut at j=60 (y=121.0000 m)

60.00

Flow w

13.28 to 1 13.34 to 1

6.00 m/s 8.00 m/s 10.00 m/s

12 : 00 pm. | 21 Jun 2019

Figure 1: Gate 20 SIm Summer N 21.12.2019 2019 12:00:01

13.17 to 1 13.23 to 1

Air Temperature

Z (m)

Air Temperature

below 13.1

Z (m)

60.00

20.00

Air Temperature

13.36 to 1 13.81 to 1

14.26 to 1 14.72 to 1

15.17 to 1 15.62 to 1

above 16.0

Min: 12.00 °C Max: 16.53 °C

Flow w

2.00 m/s Flow w 4.00 m/s 2.00 6.00 m/s 8.00 m/s 4.00 10.00 m/s

m/s m/s 6.00 m/s 8.00 m/s 10.00 m/s

N

<Right foot>

N

ENVI_met

<Right foot>

N

Summer

Winter

As a set of graphs shown in the previous slides, the high air temperature areas gradually shifted from the lawns to the concrete and asphalt pavement, the highest point increased from 25°C to 35°C in the morning hours (8 am-12 pm). After 12 pm, the continuous extremely high temperature areas dramatically expanded and moved outward to reach the peak point (almost 42°C) at 4 pm. Although the air temperature revealed a descending trend after 4 pm, the maximum temperature was still higher than 30°C even at 10 pm.

The winds in winter have completely different directions compared to the summer wind. Due to the north and west winds are prevailing in winter, the heat accumulated in the front of the Hub Central and the opposite side of the Kenneth Wills Building, which are totally different zones, compared with summer conditions. The maximum air temperature gradually increased from 11°C to 15.7°C from 8 am to 12 pm and reached the top point at 4 pm then slightly fluctuating within a small range of 17°C. Afterward, the air temperature slowly decreased to 13°C since 6 pm after sunset.

In terms of the wind direction and speed, the directed wind is more prevailing than the Downwash wind due to the dominant southwest and south winds in summer afternoon. The wind speed slightly increased after 6 pm.

It is also notable that the narrow space along the Gate 20 lane accumulated heat radiation all day long and the wind was relatively obstructed due to the buildings surrounded.

Sunlight Analysis Sunlight condition is one of the most significant outdoor environmental factors that directly influence the effectiveness of solar penetration and heat gain. Based on the previous Assignment 2a, it has been proved that surface temperatures in shaded and unshaded situations are quite varying.

Therefore, shading conditions may be an essential character to consider in relation to the urban microclimate.

Morning sun Morning sun Morning sun

Equinox Mid-day sun

Mid-day sun Morning sun Afternoon sun

Afternoon sunsun Morning

Mid-day sun Summer solstice Spring & Autumn Summer solstice Mid-day sun Afternoon sun Equinox Spring & Autumn Equinox Winter solstice Afternoon sun Winter solstice Summer solstice Summer solstice Spring & Autumn Equinox Winter solstice

Spring & Autumn Equinox Winter solstice

Mid-day sun Morning sun Afternoon sun Mid-day sun Summer solstice Afternoon sun Spring & Autumn Equinox Winter solstice Summer solstice Spring & Autumn Equinox Winter solstice

Summer Solar Conditions 21 Dec 2019 From 8 am to 8 pm

8.00 am

10.00 am

12.00 pm

2.00 pm

4.00 pm

6.00 pm

8.00 pm

The series of shading dynamics render diagrams show that there was ample amount of sunlight penetrated through the top of the Mitchell building to the lane of Gate 20 during the morning to noon. From 8 am to 2 pm, the overall lane area has remained in an unshaded state and created a potential risk of being overheated by long time direct solar radiation.

Winter Solar Conditions 21 Jun 2019 From 8 am to 8 pm

8.00 am

10.00 am

12.00 pm

2.00 pm

4.00 pm

6.00 pm

8.00 pm

Due to the decrease in the height of the sun, the entire site is exposed to direct sunlight for a shorter period than the condition in summer. From 8 am to 10 am, the entire site was covered in a large shadow until a large range of direct sunlight appeared around 12 pm, and after 2 pm the lane was covered by a wide range of shadows again. Besides, the sunset time was also significantly advanced.

Temperature (°C) 40 38 36 34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2

0

Day 1 | 09 / Sept / 2019 Sunny (clear) Partly cloudy (day) Partly cloudy (night) Sunset (approximately at 6 pm)

25.4

24.9

Evening (clear)

24.6 19.4

Min Surface Temperature (°C) at 100mm distance

14.4 12.7

10.5

9.6

Max Surface Temperature (°C) at 100mm distance

9.3

8.7 6.9 4.7

9 am

Mean Surface Temperature (°C) in shade at 1m distance

10 am

11am

12 am

1 pm

2 pm

3 pm

4 pm

5 pm

6 pm

7 pm

8 pm

9 pm

10 pm

Time (hours)

Mean Surface Temperature (°C) in sun at 1m distance Air Temperature (°C)

Temperature (°C) 40 38 36 34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2

0

Day 2 | 10 / Sept / 2019 31.1

30.2

25.7

25.1 23.5

Exploration

16.9

16.3 14.5

12.8

13.2

10.7 7.6

9 am

10 am

11am

12 am

1 pm

2 pm

3 pm

4 pm

5 pm

6 pm

7 pm

8 pm

9 pm

10 pm

Time (hours) Chart 2a & 2b. Shaded vs unshaded. Concrete surface temperature variations

The two diagrams indicated the temperature variations (max 20.7° C on September 9th and 23.5° C on September 10th) of shaded and unshaded concrete paving material in different weather conditions (sunny and partly cloudy). It is suggested that the heat transformed into the air is much less and harder than transformed into the concrete pavement.

Day 1 | 09 / Sept / 2019

Value +1 +0.75 +0.5 +0.25 0 -0.25 -0.5 -0.75 -1 -1.25 -1.5 -1.75 -2 -2.25 -2.5 -2.75 -3 -3.25 -3.5 -3.75 -4

Sunny (clear) Partly cloudy (day) Partly cloudy (night) Sunset (approximately at 6 pm) Evening (clear)

PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) TSV (Thermal Sensation Vote)

9 am

10 am

11am

12 pm am

1 pm

2 pm

3 pm

4 pm

5 pm

6 pm

7 pm

8 pm

9 pm

10 pm

Time (hours)

Value +1 +0.75 +0.5 +0.25 0 -0.25 -0.5 -0.75 -1 -1.25 -1.5 -1.75 -2 -2.25 -2.5 -2.75 -3 -3.25 -3.5 -3.75 -4

Day 2 | 10 / Sept / 2019

Comparison

9 am

10 am

11am

12 pm am

1 pm

2 pm

3 pm

4 pm

5 pm

6 pm

7 pm

8 pm

9 pm

10 pm

Time (hours) Chart 3a & 3b. Predicted mean vote vs thermal sensation vote

These two graphs indicate that the difference between PMV and TSV is not notable at the range of 20 - 25°C. However, at the range of 15 - 18°C, the data fluctuations are relatively drastic in TSV. Thus, the Thermal Sensation Vote values tended to be more sensitive than the Predicted Mean Vote values, especially in relatively low-temperature environments.

Topography

Vegetation

The largest topographical feature of the entire site is the descending trend of the lane from the entrance of Gate 20 to the campus inside. After passing through the Hub Central, there are even multiple sets of stairs, further lowered the topography down to the River Torrens. Many buildings around the lane were applied ‘Sink-style’ alfresco areas to cope with the terrain. This notable feature may even have a crucial impact on wind speed and is essential for the perception and urban comfort of people.

Unusually for the green areas of the campus both its quality and quantity have been considered inadequate. Unusually for the green areas both its quality and quantity have been considered inadequate. The lawn on the west side of the lane did not perform a pleasant and sufficient cooling effect.

It tends to be a decorative embellishment at present. It may be possible to further improve the overall urban thermal performance around Gate 20 by increasing vegetation coverage and diversity.

Potential Improvements Precedents & Inspiration

Living Wall

Street Art

Canopy Design

Rooftop Garden

Figure 1

Figure 1

Habitat Horticulture / Designed by David Brenner Architect: Snøhetta

Figure 2

A very creative street art duo from Spain / Asier and MüS

Figure 3

Ateliê Wäls / Gustavo Penna Arquiteto e Associados

Figure 4

Moesgaard Museum/ Henning Larsen Architects in collaboration with Kristine Jensens Tegnestue

Image Sources

Figure 1 Brenner, David. Living wall at San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Habitat horticulture. Available at https://www.habitathorticulture.com/projects/sfmoma.

Figure 2 Asier and MüS. Chisme: A very Creative Street Art Duo form Spain. Streetart360. Available at https://streetart360.net/2019/06/13/chisme-a-very-creativestreet-art-duo-from-spain/.

Figure 3 Mansur, Daniel. Ateliê Wäls at Gustavo Penna Arquitetoe Associados. Archidaily. Available at https://www.archdaily. com/882187/atelie-wals-gustavo-penna-arquiteto-eassociados?ad_medium=gallery.

Figure 4 Lindhe, Jens. Moesgaard Museum, Henning Larsen Architects.

Archidaily. Available at https://www.archdaily.com/891285/11-ofthe-most-impressive-and-innovative-rooftop-spaces.

TO BE CONTINUED Yucheng Dai a

1

7

0

0

8

Xiaojia a

1

7

3

2

9

2

Li 1

9

0

This ongoing project of environment III is scheduled to be more elaborate and specific when it comes to the final assignment (Designing Sustainable Adelaide).

2

0

1

9

Photograph taken by Yucheng Dai