مراجعة الأحياء لغات الجزء 1

The questions from (1-4): Choose the correct answer from each of the following :1- Alternation of generation in animals is represented in life cycle of …………… a- Life cycle of plasmodium b- polypodium c-Life cycle of ferns d-Life cycle of corona viruses 2- Enzyme that is used to confirm that DNA is a genetic material…………………….enzyme. a- Helicase b- Polymerase c-Deoxyribonuclase d- ligase 3- From methods in which sperm can move ……………. a- Flagella only b- cilia only c-Flagella and cilia d-none of them 4- The relation between gametophyte and sporophyte of polypodium is a- Symbiosis b-Saprophyte . c-Parasitism d-none of them The questions from (5-7): Complete the following statements with the suitable answer from the brackets: 5- All of the following are examples of structural immunity in plant except ……..

(Production of Phenols - Deposition of gum - cork formation – tyloses formation) 6- All these hormones convert glycogen to glucose except……..

(Glucagon - insulin - adrenaline - noradrenaline) 7- All the following are examples from the first line of defense except…………..(The skin - The tears -The saliva inflammatory response ) 8- Starting with the spore cell, show by drawing only how the embryo sac is developed in the ovule of a flowering plant.

The questions from (9-11): By the help of the diagram which represents a section in human ovary 9- Mention that numbers from (1 to 5) 10Mention the functions the structures 2 and 5.

11Explain what happens to structure no.5 if the ovum is not fertilized.

The questions from (12-18); Complete the following statements with suitable answer from that in brackets. Rewrite the complete statements in your answer paper: 12During the active reproductive life of a woman, about …….. ova only mature.

(100 200 400 600) 13Of the exendospermic seeds is ……… (maize - Wheat - Pea - date) 14Amino acids in protein molecule are joined with each other through……….

(Nitrogenous bases- peptide bonds - phosphate groups – hydrogen bonds) 15The first codon in mRNA molecule is (AUG AAG GUA GAA) 16The wrist of man’s hand consists of ……… bones.

(4 6 8 10) 17During DNA replication, ………….. enzyme separates the two strands from each other.

(DNA helicase - DNA polymerase - Reverse transcriptase DNA ligase) 18During Cellular immunity, activated helper T cell secrete……

(Interleukins and Cytokines - Interleukins and perforin Cytokines and perforin - Interferons and Cytokines) Column (A) Column (B) 19Macrophages - Secretes antibodies.

20T helper cell - Has CD4 receptor.

21B cells - Has CD8 receptor.

22Memory B cells - Necessary to activate T 23Plasma B cells cells.

- Remain in the blood for long periods 20-30 years.

- Are essential for humoral immunity.

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Give short account of: the corpus luteum.

25Describe by labelled drawings only, what happens when a bacteriophage attacks a bacterial cell. How did this help to prove that nucleic acid DNA is the genetic material?

The questions from (26-27):What is meant by: 26Inflammatory response.

27Regulatory proteins.

28How many vertebrae are in the vertebral column of man?

Mention their types and the number of each type.

29Compare between the budding and regeneration in sponge animals.

The questions from (30-32): Give reasons for each of the following: 30Spirogyra need to meiosis after the formation of zygote during conjugation.

31The pituitary gland is known as the master glands.

32Tonsils are considered one components of human immune system.

33Show by a labelled drawing different stages that could be seen on examination of blood sample (film) of a malaria patient.

Choose from the second column what is suitable to that in the first column: First column Second column 34Gastrin hormone - Its secretion increases in 35Secretin hormone states of fight and fright.

36F.S.H hormone - Stimulates the ovary to 37Adrenaline hormone develop Graafian follicle.

- Stimulates the contraction of gall bladder to secrete bile.

- Secretes from the stomach’s glands.

- Converts trypsinogen into trypsin.

- Secreted from the small intestine.

The questions from (38-41):Write the scientific term: 38Enzyme recognize certain sites on DNA molecule and cut it at these sites.

39Patches of cells scattered in the pancreatic tissue and their secretion does not enter the pancreatic duct.

40A fruit in which the receptacle shares in fruit formation.

41A hormone plays a role in the follicle rupture and the ovum liberation.

42Write the position and function of prostate gland.

43What is the difference between fraternal and identical twins?

44What is meant by the phenomenon of bacterial transformation? Explain the study of Griffth in this field.

The questions from (45-47): Give reasons for: 45Spirogyra alga is turned to reproduce by conjugation.

46Removal of corpus luteum before fourth of pregnancy leads to abortion.

47Increase of lactic acid in muscle tissue after vigorous exercises.

48Compare between pull movement in pea and blubs.

The questions from (49-54): Studying the following diagram and answer the following questions: What this diagram indicates?

 Mention number and name for each of the following: 49Represent B cells.

50Are distinguishable from their size and the color of granules phenomenon appeared inside by using the microscope.

51Change into phagocyte cells when needed, and engulf the foreign organisms.

52At the beginning they do not have any immune ability.

53Mention type of the cell number 1.

The questions from (55-60): Choose from the second what suits the first column: Column (a) Column (b) 54Fibrous joints 1. Determine the movement 55Cartilaginous joints of the joint in different 56Synovial joints directions.

57Tendons 2. Allow the movement of 58Cartilage muscles during their

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Ligaments 3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

contraction and relaxation.

Not allow movements of bones.

From a limited movement joints.

Connect the muscles with each other.

Protect the bones from corrosion due to continues friction.

Allow a very limited movement of bones.

Model Answers:1- Plasmodium malaria.

2- Deoxyribonuclase .

3- Cilia and flagella 4- Parasitism .

5- Production of Phenols.

6- Glucagon.

7- Inflammatory response.

8- Developing of the embryo sac forming the ovule of a flowering plant: in the previous answer Exam 97.

9- 1. Ovum.

2. Graffian follicle.

3. Ovary wall 4. Released ovum 5. Corpus luteum.

10Function of Graafian follicle secretes estrogen hormone in the blood that stimulates the growth of the endometrium.

- Function of corpus luteum secretes progesterone hormone that 1. Increase the thickness of the endometrium.

2. Stops the ovulation.

11If the ovum is not fertilized, the corpus luteum degenerates gradually, consequently the secretion of the progesterone stops, so the endometrium degenerate and the blood vessels tear due to the successive contractions of the uterus, thus menstrual bleeding (menstruation) takes place.

12400 13Pea 14Peptide bonds.

15AUG 168 17DNA helicase

18Interleukins and Cytokines.

19Macrophages: necessary to activate T cells.

20T helper cell: has CD4 receptor.

21B cells : are essential for humoral immunity.

22Memory B cells: remain in the blood for long periods 20-30 years.

23Plasma B cells: secretes antibodies.

24The corpus luteum: - Form inside the human ovary during ovulation phase of menstrual cycle.

- Resulted from the Graafian follicle after liberation of the mature human ovum from it.

- Secretes progesterone hormone which act to 1- Increase the thickness of the endometrium.

2- Stops the ovulation.

- If the ovum is not fertilized, it degenerates gradually, so the secretion of progesterone stops and the endometrium degenerate where bleeding takes place.

- If the ovum is fertilized, it remains in the ovary to secrete progesterone hormone till the end of third month of pregnancy, but it starts to degenerate during the fourth month when the placenta grows in the uterus for carrying out the function of corpus luteum in the progesterone secretion.

25The labelled drawing for the infection of bacteriophage to a bacterial cell: in the previous answer Exam 95.

26Inflammatory response: It is a nonspecific defense mechanism in the area of injury as a response to the damage of tissues caused by the injury or by the infection.

27Regulatory proteins: in the previous answer Exam 97.

28Number of vertebrae in the vertebral column of man is 33 vertebra.

1. Cervical vertebra: 7 in number – moderate in size.

2. Thoracic vertebra: 12 in number- larger than Cervical.

3. Lumbar vertebra: 5 in number – biggest vertebra- found in abdominal region.

4. Sacral vertebra: 5 in number-brood, flat, fused to a single structure.

5. Coccyx: 4 in number- smallest vertebra- fused together.

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Budding in sponge

Regeneration in sponge

1- A kind of asexual reproduction.

2- A protrusion occurs at one side of the body due to division of interstitial cells and differentiation to a budthe bud grows gradually to resemble another entirely- it usually separates from its mother to live independently.

3- Depends on mitosis.

4- Resulted offspring similar to parents.

1- A kind of asexual reproduction.

2- If the body is cut into several parts, each part can grow into completed individual.

3- Depends on mitosis.

4- Resulted offspring similar to parents.

30In order to reduce the no. of chromosomes in the zygote and producing resulted cells are haploid (N) similar to original cells.

31Because it controls the functions and secretion of most of the endocrine glands.

32Because they pick up any microbe or foreign body that may enter with food or air and prevent its entry into the body, and thus works to protect the body.

33Different stages can be seen on examination of blood sample of a malaria patient: in the previous answer Exam 95.

34Gastrin hormone – secretes from stomach’s glands.

35Secretin hormone – secreted from the small intestine.

36F.S.H hormone – stimulates the ovary to develop Graafian follicle.

37Adrenaline hormone- its secretion increases in states of fight and fright.

38Restriction enzymes.

39Langerhans cells.

40False fruit (Apple).

41Luteinizing hormone (H.L.).

42Position of prostate gland: in the human male genital system.

Its Function: secrete a nutritive alkaline fluid to neutralize the acidity in the urethera. Since the neutral medium suits the passage of the sperms in it, therefore the alkaline fluid passes in the urethera just before the passage of sperms.

43Difference between fraternal-identical twins: in the previous answer 95.

44The British scientist Griffith was carrying on his experiment on a stain of bacteria called pneumonia. There are two strains of this bacteria which are: 1. Virulent bacteria (S): causes pneumonia to the mice and it killed the mice.

2. Non virulent bacteria (R): causes pneumonia but did not kill the mice.

- Griffith showed that: 1- If virulent bacterial (S) which has been killed by heating were injected into mice, it did not kill the mice.

2- If nonliving virulent bacterial (S) were injected into mice along with living nonvirulent (R), the mice died.

- When Griffith examined the body of dead mice, he found that, their corpses contain living virulent bacteria (S).

- Griffith concluded this phenomenon, it was named bacterial transformation “Some of genetic material from the killed virulent bacteria (S) had entered the non virulent ones (R), transforming them to the virulent form (S)”.

45Spirogyra alga is turned to reproduce by conjugation due to the presence of the unfavorable conditions (dryness, drought, changes of temperature).

46Due to stop the secretion of progesterone hormone that necessary for keeping the thickness of endometrium and also keeping the pregnancy.

47During repeated rapid contraction of muscle, the blood can’t supply the muscle rapidly with the oxygen needed for respiration and energy production. Accordingly the muscle converts glycogen to glucose which in turn is oxidized anaerobically to produce rapid energy to give the chance for the muscle to contract, but continuous anaerobic respiration leads to the accumulation of lactic acid that causes muscle fatigue.

48Compare between pull movement in pea and blubs: in the previous answer Exam m96.

49Some types of white blood cells.

50Lymphocyte, number (1).

51Basal cell “Basophil”(3), acidic cell “Eosinophil”(4) and neutral cells “Neutrophil”(5).

52- Monocytes cells (2).

53- Lymphocyte, number (1).

54- Lymphocyte may be Natural killer cell or B-cell T-cell.

55- Fibrous joints: 3. Not allow movements of bones.

56- Cartilaginous joints: 7. Allow a very limited movement.

57- Synovial joints: 4. From a limited movement joints.

58- Tendons: 2. Allow the movement of muscles during their contraction and relaxation.

59- Cartilage: 6. Protect the bones from corrosion due to continues friction.