Urban Form Forces: Social and Economic

ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT Course Name: Livable Cities Course Code: ARCH4304 / Section: 1 Semester: Spring 19-20

Lecture: Urban Form Forces: Social & Economic

Urban Form Forces • • • • + • • • •

Social Economic Political Culture Environment Technology Logistics Future

Social (Population)

Social (Population) Look for images illustrating how people has shaped a city.

Social (Population) Look for images illustrating how people has shaped a city.

Social (Population) Look for images illustrating how people has shaped a city.

Social (Population) Look for images illustrating how people has shaped a city.

Social (Population) Look for an image illustrating how Population has shaped your city.

The size of a cities population can influence its shape and vice versa.

• Is your city being driven by its population size or does the shape of the city restrict it?

• Where does the population reside?

• Where doesn’t the population reside?

Social (Population) • What clues indicate density?

• What infrastructure exists to accommodate the population?

• Gathering spaces? Road widths? Building heights?

Are these always clear indicators or do we have to dig deeper?

Social (Population) Look for an image illustrating how Population has shaped your city.

Social (Population) Look for an image illustrating how Population has shaped your city.

Social (Population) Look for an image illustrating how Population has shaped your city.

Social (Population) Look for an image illustrating how Population has shaped your city.

Social (Population) Look for an image illustrating how Population has shaped your city.

Social (Population) Look for an image illustrating how Population has shaped your city.

Social (Population) Look for an image illustrating how Population has shaped your city.

Social (Population) Look for an image illustrating how Population has shaped your city.

Social (Population) Look for an image illustrating how Population has shaped your city.

Social (Population) Look for an image illustrating how Population has shaped your city.

Social (Population) Look for an image illustrating how Population has shaped your city.

Economics

Economics Look for an image illustrating how Economics shaped a city.

Economics Look for an image illustrating how Economics has shaped your city.

Jeddah Economic City

Economics Look for an image illustrating how Economics has shaped your city.

Jeddah Economic City

Economics Look for an image illustrating how Economics has shaped your city.

Jeddah Economic City

Economics Look for an image illustrating how Economics has shaped your city.

KING ABDULLAH ECONOMIC CITY

Economics Look for an image illustrating how Economics has shaped your city.

Economics Look for an image illustrating how Economics has shaped your city.

Economics Look for an image illustrating how Economics has shaped your city.

Economics Look for an image illustrating how Economics has shaped your city.

Economics A city’s growth often has a strong correlation to the flow of money.

Boom times can lead to unplanned growth, lean times can result in emigration/ shrinking cities.

Economics • Where are the traditional market areas in the city?

• Are they there or are there other clues as to their former existence (i.e. street names)?

• Are there areas of land unexpectedly built upon?

• Are there new areas of land that didn’t exist before (landfill)?

• How might the economy be responsible for this?

Economics • Jeddah has long been a port city. Even before being designated the port city for Mecca, Jeddah was a trading hub for the region. In the 19th century, goods such as mother-of-pearl, tortoise shells, frankincense, and spices were routinely exported from the city. Apart from this, many imports into the city were destined for further transit to the Suez, Africa, or Europe. Many goods passing through Jeddah could not even be found in the city or even in Arabia.

Economics • All of the capitals of the Middle East and North Africa are within two hours flying distance of Jeddah, making it the second commercial center of the Middle East after Dubai. • Also, Jeddah's industrial district is the fourth largest industrial city in Saudi Arabia after Riyadh, Jubail and Yanbu.

Economics • King Abdullah Street is one of the most important streets in Jeddah and runs from King Fahd Road by the waterfront in the west of Jeddah to the eastern end of the city. It is famous for hosting numerous corporate offices and commercial developments. It will be near the HSR Entrance in Jeddah central train station which connects Jeddah with Makkah, ALMadinah, and King Adullah Economic City (KAEC).

And it also has the tallest flagpole in the world at a height of 170 m (558 ft). This road also faced a catastrophe in 2011 when it was submerged with rainwater.

Economics • Tahaliyah Street is an important fashion and shopping street in central Jeddah. It contains many upscale department and high fashion brands store as well as boutiques. It has been renamed "Prince Mohammad bin Abdul Aziz Road" by the government, but this official name is not widely used. It also has many fine dining options.

Economics • Madinah Road is a historically significant street in Jeddah. It links the Southern districts with the North, and contains the Main offices of several companies and showrooms. The northern end of the road links to the King Abdul Aziz Int'l Airport, which is a contributing factor to heavy traffic on this road at most times during the day.

Mall of Arabia Jeddah

Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Street Tahliyah Street

Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Street Tahliyah Street

End