FUE - Future University in Egypt Faculty of Engineering and Technology
Department of Architectural Engineering
ARC 322: History & Theories of Architecture (4) Fall 2016 Instructor: Dr. Yasser Mahgoub The formulation and analysis of architectural design program and brief
Notes • Assignment – 19-12-2016 • Quiz 2 – 5-12-2016 • Lectures
Architectural Design Framework
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
Contextual Analysis
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
Site Analysis
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
Climate
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
26
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
27
E N
S W
28
Site Analysis29
Site Analysis30
Site Analysis31
Site Analysis32
Site Analysis33
Site Analysis34
Site Analysis35
Site Analysis36
Site Analysis37
Site Analysis38
Site Analysis39
Site Analysis40
Source: http://www.sunearthtools.com/dp/tools/pos_sun.php Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
41
Source: http://www.sunearthtools.com/dp/tools/pos_sun.php Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
42
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
43
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
44
45
CLIMATE - TEMPERATURE
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
46
http://www.climate-charts.com/Locations/q/QR41170.php Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
47
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
48
CLIMATE - WIND
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
49
https://www.windfinder.com/windstatistics/cairo_airport
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
50
http://www.weatheronline.co.uk/weather/maps/city#
51
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
52
53
54
The Architectural Program
INTRODUCTION What is architectural programming? Architectural programming is the research and decisionmaking process that defines the problem(s) to be solved by design. Architectural programming is basically a research process to gather, analyze and document relevant information (human factors, functions & activities, relationships, cost, ordinances, site, climate…etc.) and then reach a conclusion.
Architectural programming establishes the appropriate criteria for the proper design solution (a guide), to identify the forces that influences the design (both internal and external). Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
PROGRAMMING FRAMEWORK
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
STOP HERE
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
60
SPACE IDENTIFICATION AND ALLOCATION Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
61
Space Identification and Allocation • • • •
Tabular presentation Leadership Iconic representation Building efficiency
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
62
Graduation Project Preliminary Program
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
Student Name: Project Name: Item Sub-Items Description 1 (name) 1.1 (name) 1.2 (name) 1.3 (name)
# of Units Net Area/Unit
Toatal Net Area
Net to Gross Factor Gross Area
(number) (number) (number)
(number) (number) (number)
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
(number) (number) (number)
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
(number) (number) (number)
(number) (number) (number)
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
(number) (number) (number)
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
(number) (number) (number)
(number) (number) (number)
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
(number) (number) (number)
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
(number) (number) (number)
(number) (number) (number)
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
(number) (number) (number)
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
(number) (number) (number)
(number) (number) (number)
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
(number) (number) (number)
Total
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Grand Total
#VALUE!
Total 2
(name) 2.1 (name) 2.2 (name) 2.3 (name) Total
3
(name) 3.1 (name) 3.2 (name) 3.3 (name) Total
4
(name) 4.1 (name) 4.2 (name) 4.3 (name) Total
5
(name) 5.1 (name) 5.2 (name) 5.3 (name)
(Insert more rows as required)
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
63
Student Name: Project Name: Item 1
Sub-Items
Description
# of Units Net Area/Unit Toatal Net Area Net to Gross Factor Gross Area
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.x Total 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.x Total 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.x Total 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.x Total 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.x Total 6 Total
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
64
65
Space Identification and Allocation • Tabular presentation – Brown sheets or Grid sheets – Appropriate size for each space
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
66
Space Identification and Allocation • Iconic representation – Illustrate space size with small rectangular figures at the same scale. – Effective in showing laypersons the comparative size of spaces. – Helpful to the designer – Designers are often more comfortable with iconic rather than numeric imagery. Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
67
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
68
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
69
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
70
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
Space Identification and Allocation • Building efficiency – Estimate the amount of additional square footage (meters) that will be required to account for unprogrammed spaces including: • • • • • • Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
Circulation spaces Walls Mechanical and electric rooms Janitor’s closets Rest rooms Miscellaneous storage 72
Space Identification and Allocation • Building efficiency – Estimate the amount of additional square footage (meters) that will be required to account for unprogrammed spaces including: • • • • • •
Circulation spaces Walls Mechanical and electric rooms Janitor’s closets Rest rooms Miscellaneous storage
N ÷
G
÷ X
E 73
Building efficiency Gross Area
Assigned Net Area
Unassigned Area
74
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
75
0.75 2
1.25
9 7
20 60
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
Net Area Circulation Mechanical Walls Toilets Janitors Storage
76
Space Identification and Allocation • Building efficiency – – – –
Very substantial percent of the building area Net-to-Gross Ratio or Building Efficiency Varies significantly for different building types If it is accounted for incorrectly, it can have a significant negative impact on building quality.
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
77
Building efficiency
Efficiency = Net Area / Gross Area
78
Space Identification and Allocation • Building efficiency – Calculation of efficiency:
Net Area = Gross Area Efficiency
6000 m2 60% Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
= 10,000 m2 79
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
80
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
81
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
82
Relationship Matrices and Diagrams
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
83
Relationship Matrices and Diagrams • Relationship Matrices • Relationship Diagrams Understanding relationships is a very basic and important part of architectural programming.
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
84
Relationship Matrices and Diagrams Three distinct levels: 1. Relationship of activities within an organization. 2. Relationship of activities to objects or places. 3. Relationship between different objects and/or places. Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
85
Relationship Matrices and Diagrams
Relationship of activities within an organization
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
86
Relationship Matrices and Diagrams
Relationship of activities to objects or places
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
87
Relationship Matrices and Diagrams
Relationship between different objects and/or places Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
88
Relationship Matrices and Diagrams The programmer must discover the actual relationships and not make assumptions based on limited past experience. • Food preparation Eating • Kitchen Activities
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
89
Relationship Matrices and Diagrams The programmer needs to have a good understanding of all the relationships between activities, objects, and places in order to know which activities and objects can and should be separated into distinct spaces or rooms, and which will work better in one common area.
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
90
Relationship Matrices Relationship matrix develop and show how various spaces relate. Every identified space is located vertically along one side of the matrix. Lines at a 45-degree angle to the end of each identified space extend to provide one cell connecting each space to every other space. A simple distinguishable code can be used to show the nature of the relationship between the spaces. Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
91
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
92
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
93
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
94
Relationship Diagrams Small circles or “bubbles� each of which contains the name of one of the identified spaces. The bubble representing the space under consideration is drawn first, then other spaces relating to it are indicated in additional bubbles placed near the first bubble. Heavy, medium, and light-weight lines can be used as a code to indicate strong, moderate, and weak relationships. Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
95
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
96
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
97
Relationship Diagrams For simple buildings, it may be possible to prepare a diagram which, like the relationship matrix, shows the interrelationships of all interior and exterior spaces. As the building becomes more complex, it is difficult to prepare such a diagram without implying some relationships that may not exist. It may be necessary to relate only the established major zones of the building. Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
98
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
99
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
100
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
101
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
102
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
103
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
104
Graphic Presentation
Thank You.