BASED Design Method طرق التصميم المعمارى

BASED Design Method

BASED An Architectural Design Method The method is primarily a means of resolving a conflict that exists between logical analysis and creative thought.

Christopher Jones

B

A

S

E

D

Briefing

Analysis

Synthesis

Evaluation

Design

Problem

Program

Solutions

Priorities

Drawings

Definitions

Site

Creativity

Grading

Final Models

Needs

Goals

Form & Space

Communication

Reports

Context

Performance

Parti - Concept

Feedback

Computer App.

Program

Concepts

Selection

Presentation

Site

Alternatives

Schematic Design

Optimization

Communication

Study Models

Steps of the BASED Design Process • Briefing • Site selection, Program formulation, Data collection, Examples, ...

• Analysis • Design and Project Data analysis • Identification of Objectives

• Synthesis • Formulation of Concepts and Alternatives • Communication of Concepts

• Evaluation • Review of Alternatives • Selection of one alternative

• Design • Design details • Communication media

Design Design Process The design process works with information and ideas simultaneously on many levels.

Designing is a reciprocal action and reflection.

Concept

-

-

Design

-

-

Details

-

-

Design Vision Vision (s) Value (s)

Concept(s) Idea(s) Solution(s)

Problem(s) Identification

Design Process Linear Quality

Analysis  Synthesis  Evaluation Non-linear Qualities Flashes of insight … Creative leaps

DESCRIPTIVE REPRESENTATION OF A DESIGN PROCESS

Design Process

Architectural Design Variables

Need

Context

Form

The Architectural Design Problem has Three Main Variables:

NEED - CONTEXT - FORM

1. Need

     

  



Space Requirements Relationships Priorities Processes Objectives Maintenance Access Equipment Environment …..

PROGRAMMING

1. Need Programming Programming the requirements of a proposed Building is the architect’s first task, often the most important.

Programming concerns 5 steps: 1. Establish Goals 2. Collect and analyze Facts 3. Uncover and test Concepts 4. Determine Needs

5. State the Problem William Pena, “Problem Seeking”

1. Need Design Data An important activity in the beginning of the design process is the collection of relevant design data and examples.

2. Context

• Site • Zoning

• Services • Macro Climate • Micro Climate

• Adjacent Buildings • Geographical Factors • Vehicular Access

3. Form

• Zoning • Circulation

• Structure • Enclosure • Construction Type

• Construction Process • Energy • Climate Control • Image

3. Form Space and Order

Scale and Proportion

3. Form Volume and Composition

Unity and Diversity Mass and Balance

Context N

Climate Summer Spring/Fall Winter

Sun

Wind

Temerature

Context Site Analysis The selection of site is a very important and sensitive task. It affects the success of the project. Site features include macro and microclimates, topography, natural circulation, views and landscaping elements such as trees, bushes, rocks, or water.

2. Context Site Analysis The site analysis can be further extended taking into account program area needs to explore some preliminary alternatives for building massing.

Site Analysis

Design phases of architectural design 

Site analysis is treated as distinct phase probably because it involves on-site activity in real projects.



In contrast to the pre-design stage, schematic design phase is a problem solving stage in this phase. What is called ‘creative part’ usually refers to the schematic design phase where main concepts of form and space are generated.

Program & Site The site and the program should be "right for each other“!

SITE PROGRAM

Programming The architectural design programs are usually complicated. We are going to use here a small and simple program of a small house or chalet containing the following spaces:

Entrance

5 m2

Living/Dining Space

40 m2

2 Bedrooms

25 m2 each

Kitchen

10 m2

Bathroom

8 m2

1. Need Program Analysis

Living/Dining Bedroom Ent.

Bath

Kitchen

Bedroom

Programming Develop space allocation – A graphic chart or block diagram makes space allocations visually accessible.

Programming Prepare adjacency studies • The relationship of spaces is studied and charted using matrix charts, link-value charts, and bubble diagrams.

Adjacency Diagram

Programming The Bubble Diagram

Relationships Diagrams

Programming

Relationship Diagram

Programming Program Analysis – Words and numbers  graphic terms, charts, bubble diagrams, and sketches of design concepts – Be actively involved in the program and spend time confirming it

Program Analysis

Circulation Circulation, patterns of movement, is one of the most important aspects of design because it affects the human experience of space and place. The needs of special groups should be considered especially while designing public buildings.

Social and Cultural Variables Patterns of behavior are different from country to country and among people of same country according to social and cultural backgrounds. The meaning and use of spaces in western countries is different than in Eastern and Middle Eastern countries.

Social and Cultural Variables Spaces are not understood and used the same way by all people. In order to satisfy the end users of buildings, design should meet the specific needs of people such as: space configuration, use, form, orientation, control, privacy, etc.

Design Develop preliminary design – This is the most in the design process.

– Creativity, comes into play and the efforts to find approaches that will be original, aesthetically satisfying, valid solutions to the problems defined through programming.

From Bubbles to Areas

Design – Even experienced and highly skilled designers often find it difficult how this aspect of the design process works.

– They will say that they “think about “the problem until they are “hit by an idea”.

Design – One assembles the puzzle picture by searching for fits; piece after piece is picked up, tried, and found to be a misfit until, finally, the right piece steps into place. – The designers mind searches memory to find elements that meet their needs of the given problem.

Metamorphosis

From Analysis to Concept Step 1

Step 2

From Analysis to Concept Step 3

Step 4

From Sketches to Drawings

Design Freehand Sketching Drawings are the architects' preferred tool. Besides being an effective means of presentation and communication, drawings enable us to develop the first flash of an idea into the most detailed architectural form.

In other words, drawings are important to design because design develops only through the interaction between and architect and such a vehicle as drawings.

Design Freehand Sketching

Design Freehand Sketching All such sketching remains loose and highly abstract.

Only when creative thinking has led to a strong guiding concept is it appropriate to proceed to the more detailed planning steps.

Design – A designer will spread out the accurate, scale plans of the space in question and overlay these with thin yellow tracing paper on which sketches of the interior and plan form can be drawn.

FORM OR FUNCTION, WHAT FOLLOWS WHAT?

Concept

First Project

Design Develop preliminary design – This is the most important stage in the design process.

– Creativity, comes into play and the efforts to find approaches that will be original, aesthetically satisfying, valid solutions to the problems defined through programming.

Thank you.

Dr. Yasser Mahgoub