Asu history and theory lecture 3c based design method 28 10 2017

ASU – Ain Shams University Faculty of Engineering Department of Architectural Engineering ARC 122: History & Theory of Architecture Fall 2017 Instructor: Dr. Yasser Mahgoub

Lecture 3c - Design Methods

Program & Site The site and the program should be "right for each other“!

Program

PROGRAM SITE

Relationships

Relationships • Relationship Matrices • Relationship Diagrams

Understanding relationships is a very basic and important part of architectural programming.

Relationships Three distinct levels: 1. Relationship of activities within an organization.

2. Relationship of activities to objects or places.

3. Relationship between different objects and/or places.

Relationships

Relationship of activities within an organization

Relationships

Relationship of activities to objects or places

Relationships

Relationship between different objects and/or places

Relationship Matrices

Relationship Matrices The Bubble Diagram Relationships Matrices

Relationship Diagrams Small circles or “bubbles� each of which contains the name of one of the identified spaces.

The bubble representing the space under consideration is drawn first, then other spaces relating to it are indicated in additional bubbles placed near the first bubble.

Heavy, medium, and light-weight lines can be used as a code to indicate strong, moderate, and weak relationships.

Context

Context N

Climate Summer Spring/Fall

Winter

Sun

Wind

Temerature

Context Site Analysis The selection of site is a very important and sensitive task. It affects the success of the project. Site features include macro and microclimates, topography, natural circulation, views and landscaping elements such as trees, bushes, rocks, or water.

Context Site Analysis

The site analysis can be further extended taking into account program area needs to explore some preliminary alternatives for building massing.

Form

Design phases of architectural design • Site analysis is treated as distinct phase probably because it involves on-site activity in real projects.

• In contrast to the pre-design stage, schematic design phase is a problem solving stage in this phase.

• What is called „creative part‟ usually refers to the schematic design phase where main concepts of form and space are generated.

3. Form Space and Order

Scale and Proportion

3. Form Volume and Composition

Unity and Diversity Mass and Balance

Programming Example

Programming Example The architectural design programs are usually complicated. We are going to use here a small and simple program of a small house or chalet containing the following spaces:

Entrance

5 m2

Living/Dining Space

40 m2

2 Bedrooms

25 m2 each

Kitchen

10 m2

Bathroom

8 m2

Programming Develop space allocation – A graphic chart or block diagram makes space allocations visually accessible.

Need Program Analysis

Living/Dining Bedroom Ent.

Bath

Kitchen

Bedroom

Programming Program Analysis – Words and numbers  graphic terms, charts, bubble diagrams, and sketches of design concepts – Be actively involved in the program and spend time confirming it

Programming Prepare adjacency studies • The relationship of spaces is studied and charted using matrix charts, link-value charts, and bubble diagrams.

Relationship Diagram

Adjacency Diagram

Circulation Circulation, patterns of movement, is one of the most important aspects of design because it affects the human experience of space and place. The needs of special groups should be considered especially while designing public buildings.

Physiological Needs: Anthropometrics and Ergonomics Anthropometrics: Measuring the physical requirements of – human beings as users Ergonomics: Application of anthropometric data to – human/environment relationships

Psychological and Sociological Needs: Proxemics (Theories of man’s spatial relationships)

Design Develop preliminary design – This is the most in the design process.

– Creativity, comes into play and the efforts to find approaches that will be original, aesthetically satisfying, valid solutions to the problems defined through programming.

From Bubbles to Areas

Design – Even experienced and highly skilled designers often find it difficult how this aspect of the design process works.

– They will say that they “think about “the problem until they are “hit by an idea”.

Design – One assembles the puzzle picture by searching for fits; piece after piece is picked up, tried, and found to be a misfit until, finally, the right piece steps into place. – The designers mind searches memory to find elements that meet their needs of the given problem.

Ideation: Concept Statements Verbalization of how to achieve project objectives.

Establishes underlying principles, both aesthetic and functional, that the physical designs will address.

It discusses methods that will be used to achieve results.

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

From Analysis to Concept Step 1

Step 2

From Sketches to Drawings

From Analysis to Concept Step 3

Step 4

Design – A designer will spread out the accurate, scale plans of the space in question and overlay these with thin yellow tracing paper on which sketches of the interior and plan form can be drawn.

Ideation: Schematics

Sometimes called “block” plans

Design Freehand Sketching Drawings are the architects' preferred tool. Besides being an effective means of presentation and communication, drawings enable us to develop the first flash of an idea into the most detailed architectural form.

In other words, drawings are important to design because design develops only through the interaction between and architect and such a vehicle as drawings.

Design Freehand Sketching

Design Freehand Sketching All such sketching remains loose and highly abstract.

Only when creative thinking has led to a strong guiding concept is it appropriate to proceed to the more detailed planning steps.

Preliminary Drawings

Preliminary Drawings

Implementation: Final Drawings

Thank you.

Dr. Yasser Mahgoub