2016/2017 Portfolio

MODULAR TOWER Yin Wei Hao, 1508947,class 02

- A New Stacking unit Typology

3.

DESIGN BRIEF

4.

SITE PHOTOS

5.

FUTURE OF HOUSING

6.

PRESENT SITE ANALYSIS

7.

YEAR 2 MASTER PLAN

8.

GENIUS LOCI

9.

UNIT LAYOUT

10 AND 11

MODULAR CONCEPT

12 AND 13

MASSING 1ST TO 3RD

14 AND 15

MASSING 4TH TO 7TH

16.

SOLAR ENERGY

17.

SITE PLAN

18.

1ST STORE Y PLAN

19.

TYPICAL FLOOR PLANS

20 AND 21.

SECTIONS AND ELEVATIONS

22 AND 23.

PART 3RD STOREY PLAN

24.

REFLECTED CEILING AND ELECTRICAL PLAN

25.

WC PLAN AND SECTION

26 TO 29

RENDERS

30 AND 31.

SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE

32 AND 33.

AXONOMETRIC DETAIL

34.

STRUCTURAL PLANS

35.

STRUCTURAL MODEL

36 AND 37.

PRESENTATION BOARD

2

CONTENT PAGE

-Various Headlines about Singapore’s future

As part of URA Greater Southern Waterfront Plans, the planned relocation of the City Terminals to Tuas will free up 325 hectares of waterfront land. The areas now occupied by the City Terminals will present a redevelopment opportunity of enormous potential.

Therefore, the year 2 cohort was given a high-rise residential master-plan over the former Keppel terminal and we had to think and present our ideas on what could be the future of housing to solve potential economic,social and environmental issues from our aging population and projected 6.9 million population.

Another challenge was to preserve the spirit of the place. The Keppel Terminal has a long history of maritime trade and is a cornerstone of Singapore’s rapid development growth. Therefore, it is important that we take the history of the Keppel terminal in consideration and not completely build over it.

I was inspired by the modular stacking cost saving nature of the shipping containers and decided that it would be the best inspiration for my project.

DESIGN BRIEF 2016/2017 Year 2 High Rise Residential Project @ Keppel Terminal

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SITE PHOTOS Keppel Terminal and Keppel Viaduct

ECONOMIC

-Decreasing unit sizes

SOCIAL

-Increasing property prices

ENVIRNOMENTAL

-Need for elderly friendly spaces

-Increasing urbanization

-Need to maintain family ties

-Increased air pollution

FUTURE DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 1)more holistic and flexible to meet the needs of different family types and lifestyles 2)still retain cost efficiency

HOUSING OF FUTURE Possible trends to anticipate from our projected 6.9 million and aging population

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6

PRESENT SITE ANALYSIS

Environmental and urban context at Keppel Terminal

- Hot as it is directly exposed to the sun without shading from tall buildings.

-Great potential for Solar Energy.

-Limited Monsoon winds as the densely built-up CBD area blocks it.

-Light Sea breeze as the harbor is sheltered.

YEAR 2 MASTER PLAN

Environmental and urban context around plot A21

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- Located in a active vibrant region as it is located between the urban park and leisure facilities.

-Attractive to young urbanities who want to have a family.

-Can be a noisy place for elderly to rest.

Master Plan communal spaces

SHIPPING CONTAINERS

HOUSING UNITS

- Modularity and stacking of different configurations - Perfect Cuboid volumes -International Standard of transporting goods of various shapes and sizes.

-Order and repetition

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GENIUS LOCI 1.

The special atmosphere of a particular place(Shipping Containers)

TYPICAL HDB LAYOUT NEW UNIT TYPOLOGY

-Corridor style unit.

-Long corridors, resulting in wasted dead space.

-Limited one-way ventilation for living and dining -Unit looks small and cramp

-Change in layout of spaces and circulation -More efficient use of space without corridors -Improved cross ventilation through living and dining spaces -Increase range of views with corner bedroom windows -4 bedroom unit design is easily generated

UNIT LAYOUT Revamp in unit circulation and space allocation

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10 2 AND 4 BEDROOM UNITS

2 AND 4 BEDROOM FLOOR PLANS

2 AND 4 BEDROOM FACADE PANELS AND WINDOW FRAMES

2 AND 4 BEDROOM STRUCTURAL FRAME

-Repeated structural, facade panels and window frame in the 2 and bedroom are coded red.

-Repetition and modularity of columns,beams, floor slabs and walls in the vertical axis.

-Same structural grid for all levels.

-Increase BCA build-able score -Reduced construction time and costs leading to savings for buyers of the units.

MODULAR CONCEPT Stacking of 2BR and 4BR units, similar to stacking shipping containers

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12 -Site Context, Aligned along east-west axis to minimize heat-gain -Massing Setback from park to allow greenery to flow in

1.Basic Orientation

MASSING PROCESS

Overview of design process from 1ST to 3RD

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-Mass broken down into individual unit blocks and set back from each other to allow diagonal views towards the urban park and canals

3.Increased Views

-Sky-terraces as lungs to cleanse air and act as mediative calm spaces for elderly in contrast to the crowded lively urban park

2.Comtemplative Sky-terraces

14 -Addition of pavilions on the ground level -Changes in stacking of modular units and sky-terrace on the west side.

5. Communal Landscaping

-Modular Planning -Sky-terrace, 4 bedroom and 2 bedroom unit form one module

4. Modularity

MASSING PROCESS

Overview of design process from 4TH to 7TH

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-Addition of Solar Panels to convert sunlight to electricity.

-Stored electricity is used to power lighting in the sky-terraces at night

7. Clean Energy

-Addition of fins to windows to shade from rain and excessive sunlight.

6. Weather Protection

1)

2) 3)

A)

C)

4)

B)

Solar Panels with active horizontal axis solar tracker schematic diagram

Breakdown of Solar Panels

1) The sun produces visible light which consists of photons. The solar panels are equipped with active solar trackers to follow the Sun path to maximize the solar energy captured. The panels consists of silicon crystals which absorbs photons and produces electrons as direct electrical current.

A) The Solar-panels are equipped with solar trackers which are light sensors that reads the amount of sunlight that is hitting the panel.

2) The direct electrical currents(Yellow) flows into batteries(Purple) to be stored.

3) When electricity is needed, the direct current from the batteries flows into the inverter(Blue) to be converted to alternating current(Red). The electrical cable runs down through the riser to the sky-terraces.

4)Lighting consists of Energy Saving LED to maximize the time the lighting run on the Solar Power.

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B) Circuit board reads the data recorded by the light sensor and calculate the angle the panel be rotated and instructs the motor to move at the specific angle.

C) The motor rotates the panel such that the sunlight hits the panel at 90 degrees from morning to late afternoon, maximizing the solar energy captured, increasing the efficiency of energy captured.

SOLAR ENERGY Green energy to reduce carbo emissions

SITE PLAN

17

18

1ST STOREY PLAN Carpark and communal spaces

2ND,7TH AND 12TH PLAN

3TH AND 8TH PLAN

4TH AND 9TH PLAN

TYPICAL FLOOR PLANS

19

NORTH ELEVATION

SOUTH ELEVATION

20

EAST ELEVATION

SECTION B-B

ELEVATIONS, SECTION

21

22

PART 3RD STOREY PLAN DETAILING

23

REFLECTED CEILING PLAN

ELECTRICAL AND AC PLAN

24

ELECTRICAL,LIGHTING

WC PLAN,SECTION

25

NORTH ELEVATION

26

2BR LIVING AND DINING

Warm LED Strip Cove Lighting, 4500K,

Warm Recessed Can Lighting,6000K

BATHROOM

Ceiling Fan with Lamp,6000K

Mark Braun Pendent, Compact Fluorescent Lamp,4500K

LIGHTING MOOD BOARD

RENDERS AND LIGHTING

27

4BR LIVING AND DINING

SKY GARDEN

28

1ST STOREY COMMUNAL

CLOSE UP OF PAVILIONS

RENDERS

29

30

SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE

31

32

AXONOMETRIC CUT

33

1ST STOREY STRUCTURAL PLAN

TYPICAL STRUCTURAL PLAN

34

STRUCTURAL PLANS

-Vertical columns and shear walls are coloured red.

-Primary beams are coloured blue.

-Secondary beams are coloured yellow.

-Footings are coloured grey.

STRUCTURAL MODEL

35

36

PRESENTATION BOARD

37

YIN WEI HAO Diploma in Architecture, Singapore Polytechnic Email : yinweihaowork@gmail.com Website : http://yinweihao2.wixsite.com/architecture-student

How successful are Singapore’s public housing developments in catering to

Neighbourhood Identity?

Bras Basah Complex Selegie House

Content 1. Beginnings of Housing Development Board (HDB) 2. Bras Basah Complex 3. Selegie House 3. Bibliography

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Beginnings of HDB After World War 2, 72% Singaporeans then were living in urban slums within the 80 square kilometers that was the central city area. The slums had no proper sanitation and lighting, creating unhealthy living conditions for the people, which is a factor to their endless cycle of poverty. The slums became a breeding ground for crime and diseases too.

Fig A. Scene showing the burning of a squatter called Bukit Ho Swee

The British Housing Committee referred to Singapore as “one of the world’s worst slums” and a “disgrace to a civilized community” 1

After Singapore gained self government, HDB was set up in 1960 to replace the former British colonial agency Singapore Improvement Trust (SIT).

HDB immediately went in to work and soon faced its first big challenge. 16,000 people were homeless after the Bukit Ho Swee Fire and desperately Fig B. Emergency Flats

in need of urgent resettlement. HDB immediately

went to work, constructing row after row of similar slab blocks which simplified the construction process and laying of essential utilities. This ensured that HDB was able to construct quickly and be cost effective as well, leading to the resettlement of all families 3 months ahead of the promised 1 year deadline. 2

1

Housing Committee. (1948). Report of the Housing Committee. Singapore: Government Printing Office.

2

Housing and Development Board. (1967). Bukit Ho Swee Estate, p. 12. Singapore: Housing and Development Board.

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Fig C. Aerial view of Clementi Town

The nature of public housing is quite ironic in Singapore . One might think that it is monotonous in Singapore, just long imposing rectangular slab block or point blocks that are repeatedly built in a grid, creating a sterile alien environment to live in. As can be seen from Dutch Architect Rem Khoolaas’s Singapore SongLines,” the leap from the Chinese shophouse - typology that packs store, factory, family living quarters together in a single block around a courtyard to Singapore’s high rise containers is even more merciless, not only in terms of material difference - from the Asian to the western - but because the new inhabitants, cut off from connective networks of family relationships, traditions, habits, are abruptly forced into another civiliza-3 tion.”

Despite the repetitive nature of Singapore’s housing development, there are

still opportunities for resident to meet and bond, creating a neighborhood identity.

Ultimately it will be the residents who create sense of belonging and community in the neighborhood. It is the people in the estates rather than the physical landscape that contributes most to the neighborhood identity. The definition of a neighborhood identity is that the residents have sense of belonging, culture and pride for their community.

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Koolhaas, R. (1995). Koolhaas, Rem. Singapore Songlines Portrait Of A Potemkin Metropolis. 1st ed. 1995. Print.. 1st ed. p.1021.

Fig D. The Former shophouses standing at where Bras Basah Complex is now

Bras Basah Complex

1. Book and stationary history Bras basah Complex is podium style complex that was completed in 1980. The first 5 stories are taken up by shops and offices. Two identical residential blocks of 25-storeys then sit above the elevated void deck at level 6.

To many Singaporeans, they would remember more about the large variety of book and

stationary shops there than the physical complex itself. The reason why it is a center of books and stationary is actually older than the complex itself. The complex is now standing on the former old streets of North Bridge Road, Victoria Street and Bras Basah Road which were traditional venues for book stores and stationery shops.

After the shop-houses were demolished, Bras Basah Complex was designated to be a book center to rehouse the displaced business. The newly rehoused tenants then formed the Bras Basah Complex Merchant’s Association (BBCMA) in the eighties to work together, protect interest and settle common problems at the newly-built complex. These measures ensured that the community of book stores was not displaced and were able to continue their businesses at the same place.

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This helped to retain the book and stationary culture of the place and customers were ensured that their favorite stores were still around. Therefore, the stores were able to maintain their customer base uninterrupted and the identity of books and stationary continue to grow. When creating a neighborhood identity, HDB had to respect and take in consideration the people’s way of living and ensure that they will able to carry on their business smoothly in their new homes.

2. Language and cultural showcase of the complex Entering the complex from the bustling road into one of the atriums ,one would notice that it is a quiet place due to the nature of the business here.

The 5 levels of corridors that connect the shops are cantilevered, creating a free and open facade that allows people to

Fig E. Retail Levels

have quick glance at all the shops surrounding him or her, creating a unique vibrant visual identity for the complex. The open corridors also allow unimpeded visual connectivity between shops on different levels, allowing shop owners to watch out for each other and be visually connected, contributing to the sense of community of books and stationery. Many of the shop owners would expand out onto the corridor, lining their racks of goods along the corridor, similar to the 5 foot walkways of the previous shophouses. This creates a sort of cultural walkway and art walkway that showcase Singapore’s different languages and literature genres . The various atriums also serves as light and ventilation portals, ensuring that the corridors are bright and airy for browsing books and stationary, nurturing the bookshop culture. The atriums also serve as places of relief and meeting points, allowing cultural events like Chinese calligraphy and singing to be held.

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This attracts people from the outside, connecting the complex to the urban fabric.

Similar to the mixed used nature of the shophouses, the retail levels are also directly connected to 2 housing blocks above. Therefore, residents have quick access to shops below and likely bump into their neighbors, helping to strengthen relationships between neighbors.

3. Resident bonding Unlike typical HDB blocks where the void deck is located on the ground level, the void deck in Bras Basah complex is located above the retail level. As the Complex is in the bustling city area, the elevated void deck creates a quiet and more private environment for residents to socialize. The elevated void deck also creates a safe environment to for children to play as they would not run onto the bustling road if the void deck was on the ground level. The void deck is equipped with Fig F. Elevated Void Deck

playgrounds, fitness corners and gardens,

attracting people of different generations from their homes above, helping to create bonds between neighbors. The raised void deck also becomes a viewing platform to view the skyscrapers around, creating one of a kind scenic void deck in Bras Basah.

The Void deck becomes a key point of the complex, creating a distinctive identity for the Bras Basah Complex. Due to the lack of public spaces in the vicinity, the void deck acts as a public square for mass dances in the cool of the evening, ensuring that the complex is still lively as a place of culture at night.

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Fig G. Corridors linking the units to the lift lobbies

4. Elevated streets From far, the complex might look very dull and uninspiring but upon closer look, one can see the cultural and religious context of Singapore. Walking along the corridors of a housing block, you can see pots of plants growing along the edge of the concrete balustrade. As a result of Singapore bright and hot tropical climate, the corridors are designed to be as bright and airy as possible, allowing a suitable environment to plant. As each family have their own preferences of plants, it adds unique greenery to the 2 housing blocks despite being constructed similarly. From the type plants grown, one can deduce the ethic type of the family, the Chinese tend to plant bonsai plant while the Malay and Indian families might plant spices like chili and turmeric. Therefore, each block becomes a canvas to the city, presenting the residents socio cultural backgrounds, contributing to the complex identity. Also as the corridors are wide and open to the public instead of being close and dark, the residents feel safe walking along without needing security. Therefore, residents will be more open to neighbors and not suspicious towards their each other and will more likely socialize with their neighbors, creating the sense of community.

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Selegie House

Fig H. Image showing the crowd at Selegie House on 31 May 1963, the day of official opening by former Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew.

5. HDB early successful prototype Although the name implies a single dwelling unit, it actually consists of 2 ten storey slab blocks and one 20 storey slab block with

shops on the ground level. Selegie House was built to relieve over crowding in the city area and was one of the earliest projects to introduce modern high rise living to people who were still in cramp unsanitary shop houses and slums. It was an important project not just because of the need to rehouse the booming post war population but also in public relations to prove and encourage people that highrise blocks that were being built were more favorable to move in. Selegie House is precursor to many HDB city complexes including Bras Basah Complex and introduced pioneering features like proper sanitation, being mixed use with shops below and homes above and long open bright corridors for residents to plant and mingle.

However, the distinctive blocky red and white facades that you see was not present in the original design and the estate itself have undergone major changes during the years due to rapid changing standards of living.

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Fig I. Image showing open bright corridors with the added covered pavilions and walkways at the ground level

6. Better homes for future communities to live When it was constructed, it was advanced at that time for fast lifts and proper sanitation. However, units have become too cramped for present standards and like many other older flats were suffering from maintenance issues like spalling concrete and the lack of barrier free facilities compared to newer flats. As a result, younger families and couples moved into newer flats instead and this lead to an aging population in older estates like Selegie House. This created an unhealthy ratio of the elderly to the young in older estates and this would worsen the generation gaps within communities. Therefore HDB started the Main Upgrading Program (MUP) and in Selegie House, a 6 metre square room extension was added to the kitchen and drying racks were added to make it easier and safer to hang clothes.

Lifts were upgraded to stop at every level with clear glass panels in doors to reduce the claustrophobic nature of the lifts. The entire estate was given a fresh coat of distinctive patriotic red and white paint and is now famously known to feature hundreds of National Flags during NDP. Therefore to maintain healthy neighborhood communities for years to come, HDB had to pay attention to the changing needs of the people and upgrade older HDB estates as required.

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Younger couples and families would be more willing to live in older HDB estates and help create strong supportive communities of young and old. This measures give a new lease of life to old estates, allowing the estate to thrive and develop its neighborhood identity for years to come. This helps to ensure that old community estates like Selegie House will not be run down and be forgotten in Singapore’s rapid urban pace of life. Despite being 53 years old, it continue to stand tall as living testament of Singapore’s rapid post war independence development for the younger generations to learn and is an integral part of Singapore’s history.

7. Maintaining Communal facilities

Fig J. Images showing added exercise corner, playground and Guan Seng Provision Shop

Originally, the estate just had shops and bare open spaces at the ground level for recreational purposes. However, keeping in line with the aging population, there are now exercise corners and covered pavilions to ensure that the elderly still can keep fit and have opportunities to meet with their neighbors, strengthening community relationships till their twilight years. The exercise corners and pavilions are conveniently located beside the playground so that the children and elderly would bond with each other, maintaining cross generational bonds. Many of the shops seem to be stuck in time and still have the distinctive old school aesthetic and are opened for quite a few years. As the shops are still present for many years, this creates deep sense familiarity in the estate, helping to create a tightly knit community between the business and residents. With the added barrier free ramps, handrails and lifts, the elderly residents would find it more comfortable to walk around outside of their units and mingle with other neighbors at the shops at the ground level.

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Summary As seen from the Bras Basah Complex and Selegie House, HDB had a holistic approach to creating long term communities from minimizing difficulties from relocation from shop houses, designing familiar and inspired spaces from shophouses to long term maintenance for homes and public areas.

Going back to Rem Khoolaas’s Singapore Songlines, his perspective was that during Singapore’s rapid development from shop-houses and slums to the modernist high-rise, much of our culture and lifestyles was simply wiped out and entirely remade. It is true that the way of living in Singapore have radically changed, however much of the people’s cultural and religious identity have actually survived and instead been relocated and are openly expressed in our HDB estates today.

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Bibliography Asianurbanepicenters.com. (2016). Rediscovering Elevated Green Space @ Bras Basah Complex | Asian Urban Epicenters. [online] Available at: http://www.asianurbanepicenters.com/?p=1786 [Accessed 24 Oct. 2016].

Chen, J. (2014). Bras Basah Complex: The City of Books. [online] Ghetto Singapore. Available at: http://www.ghettosingapore.com/bras-basah-complex-the-city-of-books/ [Accessed 24 Oct. 2016].

Singapore, R. (2016). Bras Basah Complex, Singapore’s City of Books. [online] Remember Singapore.

Available at: https://remembersingapore.org/2016/10/23/bras-basah-complex-book-city/ [Accessed 24 Oct. 2016].

Stateofbuildings.sg. (2016). Bras Basah Complex : State of Buildings. [online] Available at: https:// stateofbuildings.sg/places/bras-basah-complex [Accessed 24 Oct. 2016].

Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: http://www.clc.gov.sg/documents/uss/USS_Built_by_Singapore. pdf [Accessed 24 Oct. 2016].

Chen, J. (2016). Selegie House and Selegie Integrated School. [online] Ghetto Singapore. Available at: http://www.ghettosingapore.com/selegie-house-and-selegie-integrated-school/ [Accessed 26 Dec. 2016].

Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: http://www.stproperty.sg/articles-property/hdb/ hdb-ends-main-upgrading-programme/a/61593 [Accessed 26 Dec. 2016].

Flickr. (2016). Flickr. [online] Available at: https://www.flickr.com/photos/babykailan/213162762 [Accessed 26 Dec. 2016].

Koolhaas, R. (1995). Koolhaas, Rem. Singapore Songlines Portrait Of A Potemkin Metropolis. 1st ed.

1995. Print.. 1st ed. p.1021.

Housing Committee. (1948). Report of the Housing Committee. Singapore: Government Printing Office.

Housing and Development Board. (1967). Bukit Ho Swee Estate, p. 12. Singapore: Housing and Development Board.

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YIN WEI HAO Diploma in Architecture, Singapore Polytechnic Email : yinweihaowork@gmail.com Website : http://yinweihao2.wixsite.com/architecture-student

SKY TERRACE @ DAWSON BEIRUT TERRACE

YEAR 2 GROUP PRECEDENT STUDIES, YIN WEI HAO, 1508947

SKY-TERRACES @ DAWSON 4.

DESIGN INTENT, CONCEPT AND FIGURE GROUND

5.

SECTION B-B

6.

SITE PLAN

7.

BLOCK PLAN

8 AND 9.

UNIT PLAN AND SECTION

10.

GREEN TECHNOLOGY

11.

STRUCTURAL PLAN

BEIRUT TERRACES 13.

DESIGN INTENT, CONCEPT AND FIGURE GROUND

14.

SITE PLAN

15.

SECTION A-A

16.

BLOCK PLAN

17.

STRUCTURAL PLAN

18 AND 19.

UNIT PLANS

20.

GREEN ENERGY SYSTEM

21.

PASSIVE DESIGN

CONTENT PAGE

SKY TERRACE @ DAWSON

By SCDA Architects, Singapore

DESIGN INTENT -Housing in a park; connectivity to surroundings and multi- generational homes.

Couples with childeren

Couples with childeren and grandparents

CONCEPT

-Sky Terraces interlocking with the blocks with studio apartment connected with loft units to create multi generational homes.

FIGURE GROUND

-Sun Path, Monsoon wind and greenery

4.

SKY TERRACE @ DAWSON

SECTION A-A

Study of how the communal spaces are distributed within the housing complex.

SKY TERRACE @ DAWSON

5.

SITE PLAN

-Human and Traffic flow - Allocation of communal spaces and how it smoothly links to the linear park 6.

SKY TERRACE @ DAWSON

TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN

Study of how the units, corridor layout and risers are located

SKY TERRACE @ DAWSON

7.

UNIT PLANS AND SECTION

-How Public spaces, semi-private and private spaces are allocated -Unit circulation -Furniture Layout 8.

SKY TERRACE @ DAWSON

Section B-B

2 Bedroom unit

SKY TERRACE @ DAWSON

9.

Water Collection For Irrigation for sky-terraces -Estimated water savings: 40,616 m3/yr Staircase core and Corridors -Wire mesh which allows for ventilation and shield the staircase core from excessive heat and rain.

-Use of motion sensors for on demand lighting and Led lamps to reduce electrical use.

Sky Terraces( Refuge Floor) -Drip Irrigation of Greenery -Greenery provides visual relief and reduces the urban heat island effect.

Solar Panels -Estimated energy savings: 793,962 kWh/yr

BIO RETENTION BASINS

-Located on the northern,western and southwestern peripheries of the site -Catch Rainwater runoff for irrigation 10.

SKY TERRACE @ DAWSON

STRUCTURAL PLAN

-Located on the northern,western and southwestern peripheries of the site -Catch Rainwater runoff for irrigation SKY TERRACE @ DAWSON

11.

BEIRUT TERRACE

By HERZOG & DE MEURON, Beirut

DESIGN INTENT

It was to create a vertical village so that people had the privacy and space of a house with the benefits of view and ventilation in an apartment

CONCEPT

It was inspired by surrounding architecture in Beirut, by roman, ottoman and colonial influences, displayed in layers.

FIGURE GROUND

BEIRUT TERRACE

13.

SITE PLAN

14.

BEIRUT TERRACE

SECTION A-A

Sky Terraces interlocking with the blocks with studio apartment connected with loft units to create multi generational homes.

BEIRUT TERRACE

15.

TYPICAL BLOCK PLAN

16.

BEIRUT TERRACE

-Circular columns of 625mm diameter -Due to the exterior aesthetics of the buildings, columns are placed in rather inconvenient and unsightly spaces.

TYPICAL STRUCTURAL PLAN -Hybrid structure of shear walls and columns

BEIRUT TERRACE

17.

4 bedroom unit

3 bedroom unit

4 bedroom unit

UNIT PLANS

-How Public spaces, semi-private and private spaces are allocated -Unit circulation -Furniture Layout 18.

BEIRUT TERRACE

4 bedroom unit

4 bedroom unit

BEIRUT TERRACE

19.

GREEN SYSTEMS

-Water Recycling system and Solar based heating system

20.

BEIRUT TERRACE

FLOOR BASED HEATING

Summer

Winter

Overhangs help to shield the sun heat during summer

Overhang increases the surface area exposed to the sun during winter, more heat captured to be released at night

Full height move-able windows maximize ventilation during summer. Double Glazing reduces heat gain.

Double Glazed windows reduces heat loss during winter

Plants Provide shade and privacy during summer

PASSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN

-Water Recycling system and Solar based heating system

BEIRUT TERRACE

21.

ZERO ENERGY BUILDING -SOLAR ENERGY BAHRAIN WORLD TRADE CENTER-WIND ENERGY

YEAR 2 GROUP RENEWABLE ENERGY STUDIES, YIN WEI HAO, 1508947

ZERO ENERGY BUILDING 26.

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

27.

ROOF PLAN AND SECTION

28.

3D SECTION PERSPECTIVE AND ELEVATION

29.

TYPES OF SOLAR PANELS

30.

SOLAR PANEL INSTALLATION

31.

IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLAR PANELS

BAHRAIN WORLD TRADE CENTER 33.

SITE PLAN

34.

FLOOR PLANS

35.

3D MODEL

36.

TYPES OF WIND TURBINES

37.

SUITABILITY OF WIND TURBINES?

CONTENT PAGE

ZERO ENERGY BUILDING Singapore, DP Architects

It is the first Zero Energy Building in South-east Asia because the building produces enough energy to run itself. ZEB houses offices, classrooms and a resource center.

The building aims to achieve this through a combination of green building technology, clever building design that takes advantages of natural ventilation and lighting (this is called ‘passive design’), and the harnessing of solar energy.

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

26.

ZERO ENERGY BUILDING

ROOF PLAN AND SECTION

ZERO ENERGY BUILDING

27.

3D SECTION PERSPECTIVE AND ELEVATION

28.

ZERO ENERGY BUILDING

Mono crystalline The most expensive solar panel Made out of the highest grade of silicon Highest efficiency rates (typically 15-20%) Long lasting Least amount of space, but performs highest power outputs

Polycrystalline Made by pouring molten silicon into the cast (causing crystal structure form imperfectly) Less efficient compare to monocrystalline solar panel Lower heat tolerance than monocrystalline solar panel Uses less energy and materials Lower cost and Lower space efficiency Good Efficiency ( typically 13% - 16%)

Thin Film Mass produced - Inexpensive Flexible and making them applicable to different situations Different types of thin-film solar cells can be categorized to:

Amorphous silicon (a-Si)

Cadmium telluride (CdTe)

Copper indium gallium selenide (CIS/CIGS)

TYPES OF SOLAR PANELS

ZERO ENERGY BUILDING

29.

SOLAR PANEL INSTALLATION

30.

ZERO ENERGY BUILDING

To have roof garden in the middle, solar panels are to be installed at non-accessible part such as

Solar panels are to be put only at the East-West sides

IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLAR PANELS

ZERO ENERGY BUILDING

31.

BAHRAIN WTC Bahrain, Atkins Architects

A 240-metre-high (787 ft), 50-floor, twin tower complex located in Manama, Bahrain.

It is the first skyscraper in the world to integrate wind turbines. Bahrain world trade centre harnesses two sail shaped office towers, to direct the prevailing winds to the wind turbines (windmills) which are installed on the building’s facade. The two towers are adjoined by a Hotel and shopping mall.

Windy as Bahrain is a coastal city off the Persian gulf with maximum performance of 225KW each during 15m/s to 20m/s wind.

Built up area only reach a maximum of 60m which does not block the wind Solar panels not used due to hot desert temperature (50 degrees Celsius) which decreases the efficiency of solar panels.

SITE PLAN

BAHRAIN WTC

33.

FLOOR PLANS

34.

BAHRAIN WTC

3D MODEL

BAHRAIN WTC

35.

Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT)

-Similar to a windmill, with blades that resembles a propeller that rotates on the horizontal axis.

-have the main rotor shaft and electrical generator at the top of a tower, and MUST be pointed into the wind (unlike the VAWT). Since the blades are running perpendicularly to the wind, it receives power through the whole rotation. With that, it is of a higher efficiency.

Vertical Axis Wind Turbines(VAWT)

-Main rotor shaft arranged vertically hence the wind turbines does not need to be pointed into the prevailing wind.

-Advantageous for sites where the wind direction is highly variable or has turbulent winds with inconsistent wind patterns.

Micro Wind Turbine System

-Consists of VAWT which seamlessly retrofitted on the building to harness energy from exhaust air which have been produced by air-conditioning and mechanical ventilation systems The enclosure of the VAWT is designed with several guide-vanes placed at the up-stream of the wind turbine to guide the wind before it reaches the turbine blades. It also consists of diffuser-places that helps to draw more wind and increased the acceleration of the wind flow.

TYPES OF WIND TURBINES

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BAHRAIN WTC

Wind energy is not suitable as consistent wind is needed for conventional wind turbines.

Bahrain WTC experience winds up to 46kmph for 16 percent of the year and has two large towers to divert wind towards the 3 turbines. Also, not surrounded by buildings greater than 60m, allows smooth uninterrupted wind. However in Singapore, wind speed only reaches up to 34 kph for 16 percent of the year and the project site is in a sheltered port surrounded by Pulau Brani and CBD areas that blocks wind.

In addition, wind directions in Singapore changes throughout the year because of the seasonal monsoon. This could damage the wind turbines and even structures of the building.

SUITABILITY OF WIND ENERGY AT KEPPEL?

BAHRAIN WTC

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YIN WEI HAO Diploma in Architecture, Singapore Polytechnic Email : yinweihaowork@gmail.com Website : http://yinweihao2.wixsite.com/architecture-student