Պերճ Զէյթունցեան,

§¶²èÜƦ زîºÜ²Þ²ð« àôê²ÜàÔ²Î²Ü ÂÆô 34 ÊÙμ³·Çñª ì²ðàôÄ²Ü ºäê© ÐºðκȺ²Ü

1999

ì³ñã³Ï³Ý ä³ï³ë˳ݳïáõª îûùé ÚáíѳÝÝ¿ë ³ëɳù»³Ý

²ñųݳå³ïÇõ î© ì³½·¿Ý ²© øÑÝÛ© ê³ÝïñáõÝÇ ³Ûë ѳïáñÁ ÏÁ Ññ³ï³ñ³Ï¿ Ç ÛÇß³ï³Ï ö²Üàê ØÎðîÆ⺲ÜÆ

äºðÖ ¼¾ÚÂàôÜòº²Ü

Ý Ç ó » íñ á ½ ³ áñ¹ Ü õë »ñÏñ á ë ÚÇ Ýñ³ ñïÁ »õ ߳ϻ ³ Òûݪ øñÇëïáÝ¿áõû³Ý å»ï³Ï³Ý ÏñûÝ Ñéã³ÏÙ³Ý 1700-³Ù»³ÏÇÝ

äºðÖ ¼¾ÚÂàôÜòº²Ü

äºðÖ ¼¾ÚÂàôÜòº²Ü ÌÝ³Í ¿ 1938-ÇÝ« º·ÇåïáëÇ ²É»ùë³Ý¹ñdz ù³Õ³ùÇÝ Ù¿ç: 1948-ÇÝ, ÍÝáÕÝ»ñáõÝ Ñ»ï Ý»ñ·³ÕÃ³Í ¿ ÊáñÑÁñ¹³ÛÇÝ Ð³Û³ëï³Ý: àõëáõÙÁ ϳï³ñ»É³·áñÍ³Í ¿ ädzïÇÏáñë·Ç úï³ñ É»½áõÝ»ñáõ ÇÝëïÇïáõïÇ Ù¿ç: 1953-ÇÝ ÉáÛë ï»ë³Í ¿ Çñ ³é³çÇÝ å³ïÙáõ³ÍùÁ, ÇëÏ 1957-Çݪ ³é³çÇÝ ·ÇñùÁ, áñ ³ñųݳó³Í ¿ »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹³Ï³Ý ѳٳÙÇáõÃ»Ý³Ï³Ý ÷³é³ïûÝÇ »ñÏñáñ¹ Ùñó³Ý³ÏÇÝ: ڻﳷ³Û ï³ñÇÝ»ñáõÝ ÉáÛë ÁÝÍ³Û³Í ¿ μ³½Ù³ÃÇõ ѳïáñÝ»ñ, áñáÝóÙ¿ ß³ï»ñ óñ·Ù³Ýáõ³Í »Ý ûï³ñ É»½áõÝ»ñáõ: гÝñ³å»ïáõû³Ý óïñáÝÝ»ñáõÝ Ù¿ç μ»Ù³¹Áñõ³Í »Ý Çñ §²ëïáõ³ÍÝ»ñáõ ϳÝãÁ¦, §Ø»Í ÉéáõÃÇõݦ, §àïùÇ, ¹³ï³ñ³ÝÝ ¿ ·³ÉÇë¦, §²Ý³õ³ñï ٻݳËûëáõÃÇõݦ »õ ³ÛÉ Ã³ï»ñ³Ë³Õ»ñ: ä»ñ× ¼¿ÛÃáõÝó»³Ýª ¹³÷Ý»ÏÇñ ѳÝñ³å»ïáõû³Ý å»ï³Ï³Ý Ùñó³Ý³ÏÇ, ï³Õ³Ý¹³õáñ ·ñ³·¿ïÇ ÏáÕùÇÝ, ¿° ݳ»õ Ùß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ í³ëï³Ï³õáñ ·áñÍÇã: Æñ ÍÝݹ»³Ý í³Ãëáõݳٻ³ÏÁ ³Ýó»³É ï³ñÇ ÝÁßõ»ó³õ г۳ëï³ÝÇ Ù¿ç: ²Û¹ ³éÇÃáí §¶³éÝǦ àõë³ÝáÕ³Ï³Ý Ù³ï»Ý³ß³ñÁ ¹³ë³Ï³Ý áõÕÕ³·ñáõû³Ùμ Ññ³ï³ñ³Ï»ó Çñ §Ø»½³ÝÇó Û»ïáÛ¦Ý: ä»ñ× ¼¿ÛÃáõÝó»³Ý, øñÇëïáÝ¿áõû³Ý å»ï³Ï³Ý ÏñûÝù Ñéã³ÏÙ³Ý 1700-³Ù»³ÏÇ ³éÇÃáí, ·ñ³Í ¿ óï»ñ³Ë³Õ ÙÁª §ÚÇëáõë ܳ½áíñ»óÇÝ »õ Ýñ³ »ñÏñáñ¹ ³ß³Ï»ñïÁ¦, áñáõÝ Ó»é³·ÇñÁ ïñ³Ù³¹ñ³Í ¿ñ §²ñ5

ÍÇõ¦ ß³μ³Ã³Ã»ñÃÇÝ, áñ ½³ÛÝ ÁÝϳɻó Çñ 1997-Ç ¿ç»ñáõÝ Ù¿ç: §¶²èÜƦ àõë³ÝáÕ³Ï³Ý Ù³ï»Ý³ß³ñÁ,1700³Ù»³ÏÇ ³éÇÃáí, ³é³ÝÓÇÝ Ñ³ïáñáí ÏÁ Ññ³ï³ñ³Ï¿ ³Ûë óï»ñ³Ë³ÕÁ, Ûáõë³Éáí áñ ßáõïáí ÏÁ μ»Ù³¹ñáõÇ Ý³»õ ÿ° ѳÛñ»ÝÇùÇ »õ ÿ ³ñï³ë³ÑÙ³ÝÇ Ù¿ç:

§¶²èÜƦ

6

TGRH G?GAJH :GKIF~ G?GAJH Ijrgtyup rfhfgi5 Vyuxg fu ijh5 VYUXG73 Lf/yu hrkj`5 Mfbhj] hy` lhÓg[ ,ykj lyk - dgnjr fu ,yukyuk kgnjr jhÓ5 IJH73 Jri xyu wy.yk fr yu ghnyugv5 F6`e fr sf`ajh ghdgt ny=g]fn5 VYUXG73 Fr wy= ft sqg`fn mfb4 hyvhjri my sg`Ómj i`ihgijh4 fu fr my gcmjh ;-km - gh3 pf`j f`fugt5 IJH73 Jhcy6u t0k cfr dgnjr4 hrkg[ ,tyut fr ghohxlgk5 VYUXG3 Lg`] tjgvh fr ig`y= ft kgn5 Hg4 ys sqg`yut -5 IJH73 Kyu`5 Lg`] kyu`5 VYUXG73 Ys ft fr5 Xyu qghgcy6ut fr jhÓ5 IJH73 Jrig`jyskg]j Vyuxgh cf6r4 Hgbys`f]j Vjryurj g.gif`khf`j] t-io5 VYUXG73 Yc p- t-io4 gvn ngugdyvho4 gh,fnm ijh5 ¡X-;j xyu/o¢5 Qj6.x -4 Pystgr5 J byu` fr pgmhyufn4 fr djkft4 y` lfkfuyut fr jhÓ5 >yuhcx ;glg[4 gigha fr x`fn tf` ,0rmf`jh5 PYSTGRJ ‘’“”"GVHO73 Xy8u`r fi4 Vyuxg85 G=g3 cyut ft mfb5 Fr ;g`kguy` ft mfb tf=mj] lf3 /yu ;glfn5 Xyu`r fi777 VYUXG73 ¡Ihyao¢5 Jri jhcy6u ft mfb t0k5 C-6 y` h`g g.gif`khf`o mg`ybyut fh j`fh] yu3 ryu]cj ;gkdgthf`o5 ¡Tgko ]]g[ x-;j xyu/o¢5 Fu gvx ;gkdgthf`j] t-ih -9 tj8 .hghg`5 Jri mfb t0k -n jhcj6 lgtg` fh dgnjr4 fp- yc .hghgnyu5 7

IJH73 Egv] xyu ,tyut fr tjgvh5 Jhmx mfb ,0ryut4 ,0ryut5 Gwryr cf6h wy=f`x5 VYUXG73 Wy=h gwryr -9 tjgvh f`e .gk fr yuhfhyut5 G;g sf` mg.j` w-.x5 ¡Ijho vghig`3 [gijj - dgnjr yu .wypuyut5 Vyuxgh '’f’/mo bgv`g3 ]g[ ,wyut - rf=ghjh¢5 Sf8` mg.j`5 IJH73 Egv] xg gufnj pghi g`z-4 mgh tf`3 ighgno5 ¡Vyuxgh [j[g=yut -5 Ihya ,0rmo xyu` - fifn h`gh5 Tj tfkg=gx`gt - d]yut dfkhjh5 Ijho eg`'’`g]hyut - w-.o fu ]yv] kgnjr j` tf`i gbx3 `f`o¢5 VYUXG73 ¡Ppyuf]hyut - x-tmo¢5 >gk ft sqg3 `fn5 IJH73 Fr bbuyut ft lgdhyug[ k=gtg`x3 igh]j]5 H`ghm cg` fh yu xgzgh5 Sf8` ig] dhg4 mghj wy`Óghm cfr ef`fn dn,jr5 VYUXG73 ¡}g[`g’'gvh¢5 Xyu tgv`gtyuk fr g;`yut4 ijh4 i`[mf`x vydhyupjuhj] ig,yufn fh4 x-tmx .yukys ihqj/hf`ys i§gi0ryuj5 R,gn lgr]-ys ft fifn fr5 ¡Eg`’'’` '’‘gvhys¢5 Fr h`gh .yvyut ft4 Pystgr5 Djkf6r4 jhc bys - h`g tg`tjho5 Fr lgteyu`yut ft h`gh4 Pystgr5 Dj3 kf6r4 jhc kgm fh h`g .`pyuhmhf`o5 Sg/yuf]j4 Pystgr4 sg/yuf]j777 egv] xyu tj8 w`ij jhÓ4 py= gv`yuft4 py= ty,`ghgt777 ¡Z;kyut - fu ..hayut ihyao¢5 Fr yubyut -j rkyudfn jhÓ4 pig`y6= ft g`xf0m yuryu]cj ;gkdgto ,g,kfn5 JhÓ gvx lhg`guy`yupjuhh -` tjgvh lfkgmo`3 m`yut5 IJH73 Xyu ljughx fr4 bg/gh]yut fr kfhxj t-a777 VYUXG73 Gtfhgvh tg`x4 gryut - hg4 ys 8

ihyao hgvyut -9 h`gh ]ghighgnyu lgtg`4 g`3 x-h jri .hg]gu j` r`kyut777 ¡L;g`k z;kyut -¢5 Yu`fth4 fr g`x-h tf=m dy`[f]j4 ij8h777 ¡X-;j xyu/o¢5 Yuryu]cjh egh c;gktfr4 Pystgr5 Fr djkft cfr ;gktj5 Xyu gbhju fr5 Eyny`x -m gbhju5 Rj`k ,g/hfnyu cgw gbhju5 IJH73 Fr sg,fhyut ft mfbhj]5 Dyh- tj egh lghj` s`gvj]x4 y` sg,r wg`gkyuj tj mjc5 VYUXG73 Jri djkf6r4 y`kf=j] jtghgr4 po.3 ug/ ijh4 p- f8r jhcmgh ft sg,fhyut jhÓghj]5 Jt vydhyupjuhj]4 jt ÓghÓ`yvpj]4 jt ig`0khf3 `j]5 Tf=mf`r ft ig`0kfn5 Vydhfn ft eg`j dy`[ igkg`fnyu]4 eg`j ,0rm grfnyu]5 W`ij` jhÓ4 g3 =gcyut ft5 IJH73 Jhcy6u fr jhÓ kghayut Jrig`jyskg]j Vyuxg5 Fu mfb jhcy6u fr kghayut4 mf8b5 Lf/g3 ]j8` h`ghj]5 X`ghj] -n lf.k eg6h5 VYUXG73 <fnmj] g=mgk fr4 ij8h5 Vfkyv -n eg`j dy`[f`h yu eg`j ,06rmo ig`0kft5 Mghj hg igv4 fr gvr;-r ;gkf;gk ;jkj ,wyuft4 jt t-a tj mghj tg`x ;jkj g;`j fu i/yuj t-io tjurj x-t5 Egv]4 f`ijhmo sigv4 fr rj`yut ft h`gh777 xg - ]guo4 lgrighyu6t fr777 ¡T/hcyut -¢5 }guyut -4 Pystgr4 ]guyut -777 PYSTGRJ “"GVHO73 ¡<f=qg]g[¢5 Fr h`gh ycjhc cft grj4 Vyuxg777 f`xuyut ft tf` yuryu]cj ghyuhys777 VYUXG73 Xyu gbhju fr4 Pystgr5 Fr lgug3 kyut ft mfb5 Cfr grj4 y`yslfkfu djkfr4 y` hg g`x-h kf=fgi - gt-h jhcjh5 _n jhcy6u g3 rfr4 gvx;-r c-64 Pystg8r5 _n jhcy6u j byu` tgkhfr ohif`yax5 Jhcy6u ghgbhju mgvn igkg3 `fr5 9

IJH73 Jri fp- hg mfb vghxjtghj4 fp- m.j6 j` t0kj]5 VYUXG73 ¡Vghig`[ dy/yut -¢5 Cj vghxjtghj4 cj m.j5 Io z;kgv tjgvh5 Eg`j4 ghm-h z;jkys5 IJH73 G8/ wy=f`x4 dhg85 JhÓ jhcj6 kf= fr x`fn5 Fr rysy` cft Ó`j wy= g.,gkfnyu5 VYUXG73 Fp- mfb ]ghighgvj4 tjp-6 i`ihgij io sqg`-j4 vjtg8` ijh5 Sf`]`y8u4 -nj8 sf`]`yu5 Tjgvh p- -n cighcfr jhÓ5 ¡Njmo tfkg=gx`gt d]yut rf=ghjh¢5 Pystg8r4 lgtef`j8` fr .yukys io dgt fu mfb io ;gktft4 p- jhc;-r ghgrfnj .yd pgwyuf] [g/f`j igkg`hf`jh4 p- jhc;-r lghxg`k dfkgihf`o vy`xf]jh vghig`[4 xyu`r pgwyuf]jh j`fh] lyuhj]777 lgtef`j8`4 Pystgr4 tj mjc -n lgtef`j`777 IJH73 Fr lgrig]gv777 xyu ghrf`t fr yu gh;kyu=777 tjgvh gvx;jrj tg`xji fh wy= ./gvnyut777 VYUXG73 ¡Cj nryut¢5 H`g t-a tg`xyu ig`0k cigv5 Gt-h jhc tg`xyu lgtg` - ghyut4 egv] j` t-a ig`0k cigv5 Hg ryu`e -4 tgm`gtgmyu` tg`x4 egv] g/gh] tg`xyu ig`0kj5 Jri ig`03 kj] ,f=xuyut ft4 g8v ijh5 ¡Bgv`g]g[¢5 J6hc ghyuhx4 j sf`ayv ghyuh yuhf6r4 p- yc5 ¡G/gh] ;gkgr,gh r;grfnyu¢5 Pystg8r4 fr j6hc;-r lg3 ugkgt4 y` ;-km - rj`fn p.hgtjhf`jh4 0`lhfn mfb ghj[y=jh4 eg`yupjuh ghfn mfb gky=jh fu g=0pfn h`gh] lgtg`4 ysmf` cg`cg`yut fh mfb fu lgng[yut777 tjp-6 qj.x - gryut hg4 ghif=[ f=j`4 Pystg8r4 tg`x fr4 c-64 p- cg`jh tj8 lg3 ig/gij`4 fp- t-io my ga [h0kjh g;kgi kgv4 tjur f`frx -n xg`Ó`yu777 qj.x - gryut4 Pys3 tg8r777 ¡Vghig`[ tf=t z;kyut -¢5 Egv] fr l-h] 10

gvr r,gn ,0rmf`j lgtg` ft rj`yut h`gh777 f`e hg r,gnuyut - cg`gcg`4 fr t,jpg`uyut ft777 tg`xigvjh egh ft kfrhyut h`g t-a777 fu jt r-`o ig/cyut - gvx r,gnhf`j] yu ;yi cj dgnjr777 PYSTGRJ " “ GVHO73 Pyvn tj8 kyu`4 y` igrig[j y`xo i`[j mfb4 j r-` Grk[yv4 pyvn tj8 kyu`777 VYUXG73 Egv] fr lg`] ft kgnjr4 Pystgr5 Y6s ig`y= - jhÓ b`ifn lg`] kgnyu j`guyuh3 mj]5 Jhcy6u - f`ijhmo ig;yvk4 jhcy6u - kf`fuo ighgc4 jhcy6u - ayu`o ghdyvh777 kfr jhcmg¨h lg`] igv j` g.yuhh g;`y= gvr ihya gcmf3 `yut777 fu my gcmf`jh hgvj`4 hgvj8`4 hgvj8`4 tj8 sg,f]j`4 lg`]f`o l`t.kyut fh j`g`777 jri hg777 PYSTGRJ “"GVHO73 N/j8`4 tj8 ;=[j` nfbyux777 clgtg`Ógiyufr5 VYUXG73 Jri hg ;gkgr,gh yuhj tjgvh5 Lg`] cyuhj4 Pystgr4 lg`]5 PYSTGRJ " “ GVHO73 Egv] hg Grk[yv y`xjh -4 Vyuxg5 VYUXG73 Jri fr g;0`jhj bgugi ft4 Pystgr5 Tgv`r ghdgt cdjk-`4 p- y8s - jt lgv`o5 X`g lgtg` -n fr lg`]f` yuhft kgnyu5 IJH73 ¡Vghig`[¢5 Io dg6r -nj777 fr mfbghj] wy= cft sf`]hj777 egv] yubyut ft4 y` dgr777 VYUXG73 ¡Sf` - ifhyut4 ighdhyut gtey=a lgrg3 iys t-i yu kfhxj] sg/yuy= gcmf`ys dy/yut¢5 Xg lhg`guy` -`4 Pystgr4 nry6ut fr4 lhg`guy` -`777 fr vg=pf]j4 ij8h777 ¡Djhyu egzgio ,tyut tjhcfu sf`a¢5 Ifhg]x4 Jrig`jyskg]j Vyuxg5 ¡Xyu`r - p/cyut khj]4 tj iy=t l`yut x`gh t0k ighdhg[ Pystgrjh yu g`gd lf/ghyut¢5 11

:GKIF~ F~I~Y~X Nyvr4 ;gv[g/ nyvr5 Ghehgigh ;gv[g/ fu iyu3 `g]hy=5 G.,yvz f/yubf/ - kgqg`yut4 y`o ,/hyug[ - sgqg/gighhf`ys yu dhy`xhf`ys5 Vgkig;-r9 g3 =guhgsgqg/hf`ys5 F`f,ghf`o mg`ikji fh ,g=yut5 Tj k=gtg`x ;g`ig;byui - hyugdyut fu wy= lg3 ugmyut5 T-i yu`j.o '‘f/hg[yupjuh - ghyut5 Tj ,0r3 mys9 g`fufnfgh dyuhgdyvh .yuigv5 Eftj tj iy=tyut egbtyupjuh - lgugmyufn4 y`o jhc y` eghj r;gryut5 Tjur iy=tyut lgugmyufn fh tj ,yute wg`jrf]jhf`4 y`yhm hyvh;-r r;gryut fh jhc y` eghj5 H`gh] egzghy= kg`g[yupfgh s`gv tjtyr3 hf` fh lgugmyufn4 y`yhm byug`qg]hyut fh gtey,jh fu f`iyu ,tef`jh ,ghdg`yut fh lg=y`xgi]yufn tjtfgh] lfk5 WG~JRF}J73 Tjp-6 xyum -n -m tyny`yufn5 Jh3 cy8u j.,ghguy`hf`j] igt wg`jrf]jhf`j] yc ym clgugkg] h`gh4 eg]j ,gzgtyuz gtey,j]5 MG+GMG}J73 Jri tjp-6 tf` 0`-hmo xgkg3 ;g`kyut - tg`xyuh4 tjhcfu nrg[ igt jtg]g[ cnjhj4 p- j8hc - dy`[fn hg5 WG~JRF}J73 Xyu y`kf=g]j6 fr5 MG+GMG}J73 Jri xg j6hc ig; yuhj jt ,0rmj lfk5 WG~JRF}J73 Yuhj84 yuhj85 Y`kf=g]j6 fr5 MG+GMG}J73 Dgnjnjgvj]5 WG~JRF}J73 Gvx;-r -n djk-j5 Ys - nrfn4 y` Dgnjnjgvj] tg`dg`- xyu`r dgv777 ¡{j[g=¢5 Ikyu3 `jh ighdhg[ f`f,ghf`o eg]gdghcyut fh7 3 1Fig¨h777 dgnj¨r fh7772 Eyny`o ,g/huyut fh j`g`4 eg]j wg`jrf]jhf`j]4 y`yhm gh.g`z thyut fh hyvh xj`myut5 Ytghm j`fh] bdfrkhf`o w/yut fh 12

qghg;g`ljh4 jri yu`j.hf`o egij [g/f`j] qju=f` fh ik`yut fu rw/yut fiyuy`hf`j ykmf`j kgi5 MG+GMG}JHF~73 Ysrghhg¨ Eg`Ó`fgnjh4 0`l3 hfgn njhj hg4 ys dgnjr - Kj`ya ghyuhys9 pg3 dguy`h Jr`gv-nj5 ¡Tkhyut - M`jrkyro j` g.gif`khf`j lfk5 “'’f/3 mys n/f]hyut - gtey,jh5 Kj`yut - mg` n/yupjuh5 Hg tj gh.kg; lgvfg]m - d]yut cy`r iy=to4 lgh3 xg`k i/ghyut -4 dfkhj] sf`]hyut ;g`ghj tj iky`4 ,g`gbgh rg`myut yu vghig`[ 0xyut tk`g3 ifnys9 xyu`r - m.yut sgqg/gighhf`jh yu dhy`x3 hf`jh5 J`g`gh]yut - riruyut4 fu tg`xji wg,cyut fh ga yu ‘g,4 g.,gkfnys ,yvr kgn tk`gij lg`3 ug[hf`j]¢5 M~JRKYR73 D`yug[ -9 jt kyuho g=0pmj kyuh ;jkj iycyuj4 jri xyum gugbgihf`j y`a -m xg`Ó`fn5 ¡Bgv`g]g[ .yu/ - kgnjr rf=ghhf`o4 fu x`gh] s`gv xg`ryug[ g;`ghmhf`o dny`uyut fh ]g[ yu [g[iyut dfkjho¢5 WG~JRF}J73 Xyu4 y` gvx ghyut fr4 tfb j6hc h.gh ]yv] io kgr5 M~JRKYR73 Mghxf]-m gvr kgqg`o4 fu fr f3 `fm 0`yugv ohpg]myut io sf`gighdhft5 WG~JRF}J73 Mg/gryuhsf] kg`yut .jhyuf] gvr kgqg`o4 jri xyu f`fm 0`yut gvh sf`g3 ighdhy6ut fr5 ¡M`jrkyro hf`y=gtjk3lfdhgigh lgvfg]m - do3 ]yut Wg`jrf]yu s`gv¢5 WG~JRF}J73 Y6s - mfb yu=g`ifn4 j6hc sig3 vyupjuh yuhfr xyu5 M~JRKYR73 Jt lgv`o4 y` jhÓ yu=g`if]4 hg - sigvfn jt tgrjh5 Xyum y8c h`g Ógvhh -m f`efu- nrfn fu y8c -n h`g if`;g`ghmh -m kf3 13

rfn5 Fu yc -n h`g ,0rmh yuh-m Óf` t-a ehgi3 ug[4 y`yslfkfu yut hg yu=g`if]4 xyum h`gh c-m lgugkyut5 WG~JRF}J73 R;grj8`4 r;grj8`777 r`g x-tmo .gk [gh0p - jhÓ777 xyu Ljurh Vf.yugh cf6r4 Vysr-wj yu Tg`jgtj y`xjh777 lg;g jhc;-r fr gryut4 y` Grkyug[h - my lgv`o777 mghj6 lgv` ig`y= - tg`x yuhfhgn777 rg jhmhgiyc - zy=y3 syu`x4 tj8 lgugkg]-m r`gh777 M~JRKYR73 Fr ifhg] lg]h ft5 Fu gvh lg]o4 y` fr io egzghft4 jt tg`tjhh -4 y` io kgt g.,g`ljh9 ifghmj lgtg`5 WG~JRF}J73 Jhcf` fr ,0ryut4 g8v ly=g[jh4 nry6ut -m jhcf` - xyu`r kgnjr5 LGQFNJ X_TMYS TJ F~JKGRG~X73 Tf` jhcj6h - ;-km f`ihgvjh lg]o5 Jt ig`q ,fnmys4 r,gn rirf]j` mg`ybx4 sg`xg;f8k5 Tfb f`i`gvjh lg] - ;-km5 M~JRKYR73 Q.tg`jk4 q.tg`jk ft gryut Ófb4 fp- cyuk-m tg`xyu y`xyu tg`tjho fu cot;-m h`g g`juho4 Óf` t-a ifghm c-m yuhfhgv4 mghj y` jt tg`tjho q.tg`jk if`giyu` - fu jt g`juho9 q.tg`jk ot;fnjm5 WG~JRF}J73 Cgwx qghgcj`4 Hgbg`-pj [o3 hyuhx5 Eyny` tg`dg`-hf`o lfb yu ,yhg`l fh f=fn4 jri my nfbyuh cg` -5 _n jhcy6s fr kg`3 ef`uyut tfbghj]5 M~JRKYR73 Sg¨v Ófb wg`jrf]jhf`jx4 y` zy=y3 sg`ghhf`yut eg`Ó` dglf`h -m rj`yut fu l`g3 ;g`gihf`yut9 g/gajh y=ayvhhf`o5 Sg¨v Ófb4 y` ghvgvk df`fbtghhf`j ;-r -m7 tg`xji mgvnyut fh fu cdjkfh4 p- yut s`gvys fh mgvnyut5 Sg¨v Ófb fur4 0`-hrd-khf`4 y` tg`xigh] xju`gij` 14

ef/hf` -m eg`Óyut4 egv] xyum jhmhf`x t-i tgkys jri ef/hf`jh c-m t0kfhyut5 Sg¨v Ófb4 y` tg`dg`-hf`j .j`jthf` -m .jhyut4 jri Óf` lgv`f`o h`gh] r;ghhf]jh5 Sg¨v Ófb4 0`-hrd-k3 hf`jx4 y` pgm]hyut -m djkyupfgh eghgnjhf`o7 xyum c-m tkhyut fu tkhy=hf`jh -n g`djnyut -m5 ¡Vghig`[ eyny`ysjh gvn pyhys4 lghdjrk yu lgtg`fg ..yuiys¢5 Jhcy6u -m yubyut jhÓ r;gh3 hfn777 ¡Lgvfg]mo ig`[fr tf,yut - eyny`jh t-i g/ t-i¢5 WG~JRF}J73 ¡>yug`g[¢5 Lf`jm c- tfb lgv3 lyvyut fr4 hgfu b`;g`ky6ut fr tfb5 Tjp-6 q.tg`jk ,0rmo4 p- jhmhgiyc fr xyu4 h.ghgiyut - my tglo ]ghign5 M~JRKYR73 Tj ig`[-m4 p- figv ,g=g=yupjuh lgrkgkfnyu f`i`j s`gv4 gvn ryu`4 mghj y` figv4 y` egzghft tg`xyuh j` l0`j]4 xrk`jh9 j` t0`j] fu lg`rjh9 j` ifryu`j]5 Fu tg`xyu p.hgtjhf`o j` khf]jhf`o io njhfh5 Ys j` l0`o igt t0`o jhÓhj] gufnj - rj`yut4 jhÓ g`zghj c-5 Fu ys j` ,gco cj sf`]hyut yu jt fkfuj] cj dgnjr4 jhÓ g`zghj c-5 ¡Lgvfg]mo ohihyut Vyuxgvj s`gv4 tj ;gl n/yut4 g;g tf=t z;kyut h`gh¢5 Xf/ zgtghgio cj lgrfn4 c-65 VYUXG73 ¡>.tg[¢5 J6hc zgtghgi4 yuryu]jc5 LGQFNJ X_TMYS TJ F~JKGRG~X73 R,gn fr mg`ybyut4 sg`xg;f8k5 Py= tg`xo jhmo ohk`j j` qgtegh5 Jhcy6u fr h`g wy,g`-h ohk`yut5 Gbgk py= h`gh5 J6hc -4 ig`[yut fr gvxmgh lf6.k - gbgk njhfn ohk`yupfgh t-a5 M~JRKYR73 Y6s fr xyu4 y` kg`ef`uyut fr jt iy=thgij]hf`j] yu ohxxjtg,0rhf`j]5 LGQFNJ X_TMYS TJ F~JKGRG~X73 Fr ghig, 15

tg`x ft4 sg`xg;f8k4 y8c gvr iy=tjh ft ;gk3 ighyut4 y8c gvh5 Y8c iyu`0`-h lgugkyut ft mfb4 y8c -n iyu`0`-h z,kyut5 Egv] yubyut ft vj.f]hfn my jri ,0rmo7 1Jri hf`igv zgtghgio jhc;-6r cfr mhhyut25 Myhh -4 c-65 M~JRKYR73 Jt sg`xg;fkyupjuho jto c-4 gvn9 h`gho4 y` jhÓ yu=g`if]5 Jhmr jhÓ cft fifn5 VYUXG73 ¡Tgkp-yr g/gmfgnjh4 ..yuiys¢5 ?ge3 ejh jhcy6u grg]4 p- zgtghgio xf/ cj fifn fu jhcy8u vgkig;-r jhÓ grg]7775 TGKP_YR73 Tj8 ,ghdg`j`777 fr d`j ft g/3 hyut h`g ,0rmo5 ¡Vyuxgh tkglyd t0kfhyut - yu`j. g/gmfgn3 hf`j¢5 VYUXG73 Yuryu]jch jhcy6u grg]4 y` zgtg3 hgio xf/ cj fifn777 jhcy6u grg]4 p- f`e zg3 tghgio dgv4 jtg] io kgv jhÓ5 VGIYEYR73 Cdjkft5 Gvx xyu ;-km - jtg3 hgr5 VYUXG73 Fr ycjhc cdjkft777 fr jtghgn ft yubyut777 j6hc igv h`g tkmyut777 fu jhcy6u fr777 jhcy6u fr4 yc p- xyu5 LGQFNJ X_TMYS TJ F~JKGRG~X73 L`g.m ]yv] kyu`4 sg`xg;f8k5 Egugigh - mg`ybfr5 Tg`x g`g`g[o l`g.mj - r;gryut4 yc p- ,0rmj5 Ig3 `y6= fr gvh;-r ghfn4 y` hg iyu.k njhj5 Io.3 kg]`yu h`gh4 fu tfhm eyny`r io dghm my fkf3 uj]5 M~JRKYR73 Fp- t-io igtfhyut - jt fkfuj] dgn4 py= yu`ghgv j` ghÓo4 y`yslfkfu ys y` igtfhgv j` ghÓo w`ifn4 gvh ;jkj iy`]hj5 Jri hg4 ys j` ghÓo jhÓ lgtg` iy`]hj4 gvh ;jkj w`ij5 J6hc 0dyuk tg`xyuh4 fp- g.,g`lo .glj4 16

egv] j` ghÓo iy`]hj5 ¡<g=g= z;kyut - Vyuxgvjh4 y`h gvngvnyug[ .g`yuhgiyut - t0kfhgn gvr yu gvh g/gmfgnjh¢5 F`e zgtghgio dgv4 fr mfb h.gh io kgt777 lgtef`j8` tj mjc777 ¡G;g xg`'’’fgn xjtyut - eyny3 `jh¢5 Fp- mfb dgvpgi=f]hyut - my Óf/mo4 ik`j` fu x-h d]j` mfbhj]4 y`yslfkfu mfb lg3 tg` gufnj ngu - ,f=yug[ tkhfn vgujkfhgigh ifghmo4 mgh p- f`iyu Óf/m yuhfhgn yu dhgn dflfh5 Fu fp- my ykmh - dgvpgi=f]hyut mfb4 ik`j`4 mfbhj] x-h d]j`5 Ngu -4 y` xyu ig= tkhfr vgujkfhgigh ifghmo4 mgh p- f`iyu yk3 mf` yuhfhgn yu dflfh ohihfr5 Fu fp- my gcmh - dgvpgi=f]hyut mfb4 ;yij8`4 lghj` gvh4 ngu - y` xyu t-i gcmys tkhfr Grk[yv g`mgvyu3 pjuho4 mgh p- f`iyu gcm yuhfhgr yu ohihfr dflfh4 y`kf= i`gio cj lghdcyut4 y`yslfkfu g3 t-h jhc i`giys ;jkj g=yuj5 G=o ngu -4 egv] fp- g=o ghlgtghgv4 xg jhcy6s ;jkj lgtftyuj5 G`x4 xyum Óf` t-a yuhf]-m g=o fu j`g` lfk ,g=g= f=-m5 WG~JRF}J73 Fp- j`0m Grkyug[ - mfb yu3 =g`ifn4 lg;g jhcy6u my [hhxgsgv` Hgbg`-pyut wy`Óf]j` eyuzfn my lgtgmg=gmg]jhf`jh fu co3 ig`y=g]g`5 :FK~YR FU TGKP_YR G?GMFGNHF~73 ¡T-io tjurj] g/ga ohihfnys¢5 3 Ry8uk -4 eyny`jh eyuzfn hg5 F`xuyut fhm5 M~JRKYR73 ¡Rgrkfnys h`gh]¢5 3 Jri fr gryut ft9 gtfhfujh cf`xyu-m4 yc f`ihj s`gv4 y`yslf3 kfu Grk[yv gpy/h -4 yc f`i`j s`gv4 y`yslf3 kfu h`g ykmf`j ;gkyughxghh -4 fu yc F`yu3 rg=-tj4 y`yslfkfu tf[ G`mgvj mg=gmh -5 Gvn 17

Óf` gvy3h njhj gvy4 yc3o9 yc5 ¡>`auyut - wg`jrf3 ]jhf`j iy=to¢5 Fr4 j`0m4 Hgbg`-pyut mjc tg`x3 igh] ft ig`y=g]fn eyuzfn5 Xyum q.tg`jk -m5 WG~JRF}J73 Nryut -m4 hg jhmh - ,yrkysg3 hyut5 Yu`fth j6hc5 M~JRKYR73 Yu`fth gvh4 y` tg`dg`-h p-fu vg`dyug[ ghÓ -4 egv] tjgvh yc j` dgug/yut4 yc j` gbdgkyltj fu j` kgh t-a5 WG~JRF}J73 Rg gt-h jhcj qg`;ji ;gkgr3 ,gh yuhj5 Qj.x -` gryut f`jkgrg`xo9 p- ig3 `y= fr i.kg]`yu gvr tg`xigh]4 fu kfr4 pyh] io sgbfh my fkfuj]5 LGQFNJ X_TMYS TJ F~JKGRG~X73 Jri xyum jhmhf`x jhcy6u ;jhx i;fn -m Óf` mrgihf`jh5 Jhcy6u jhmhf`x 0`jhgi c-m [g/gvyut5 WG~JRF}J73 Tfhm mg`ybjc cfhm4 yc -n tg`3 dg`-5 Ys mg`ybyut -4 py= hg -n 0`jhgi [g3 /gvj5 Tfhm gt-h >gegp 0` y=y`tyupjuh fhm kgnjr tyu`g]jihf`jh5 M~JRKYR73 ¡Dy/yut - bgv`g]g[¢5 Egv] jhc;-6r5 Eyny`j gcmj g/ga4 c-65 Gryug[ -9 f`e y=y`tyu3 pjuh ghfr4 wy= tj lhcf]`yu my g/afu4 jhc;-r ghyut fh if=[guy`hf`o zy=ysg`ghyut5 Gvn f`e xyu y=y`tyupjuh ghfr4 py= Óg, Óf/mo cjtg3 hgv4 p- jhc - ghyut my gao5 Q.tg`jk ft gryut4 gufnj lf.k -4 y` tj ;g`gh grf=j [g3 ij] gh]hj4 mgh p- tj tf[glg`yurk Grk[yv g`mgvyupjuho tkhj5 ¡Wg`jrf]jhf` mg`f` fh sf`]hyut dfkhj] fu riryut fh mg`iy[fn M`jrkyrjh5 F`jkgrg`xo wy`3 ’'yut - ;g.k;ghfn h`gh4 fu gtey,o4 igkg=g[4 h`gh -n - mg`iy[yut¢5 M~JRKYR73 Egbyut eg`j dy`[f` ]yv] kyuj 18

Ófb jt L0`j]5 X`gh]j] y8` t-ij lgtg` -m jhÓ mg`iy[yut5 ¡Gvx ,0rmj s`gv4 tjur ,teyut lgugmyug[ tg`3 xji hyvh;-r mg`f` fh sf`]hyut fu d]yut wg`j3 rf]jhf`j iy=to¢5 VYUXG73 ¡>yug`g[4 gvr yu gvh iy=t ohig[4 xjtyut - tg`xigh]4 y`yhm beg=yug[ fh tjtfgh] mg`iy[fnys¢5 Jhcy6u fr4 jhcy6u fr5 M~JRKYR73 ¡Dy/yut - j`fh mg`iy[y=hf`jh¢5 3 Xgkgrkghj lgtg` figv gvr g.,g`lo4 y`;-rbj ysmf` cfh kfrhyut9 kfrhfh fu ysmf` kfrhyut fh9 iyu`ghgh5 WG~JRF}JHF~73 Tgl ,/ysg`g`jh777 tgl ryuk tg`dg`-jh777 VYUXG73 ¡Ghlg=y`x gvr gtfhjh4 pgwg/yut tg`xigh] g`ghmhf`yut¢5 Jhcy6u fr4 jhcy6u fr777 ¡Dy/yut - M`jrkyrjh4 egv] ‘gvho iy`cyt - ohxlghyu` g=tyuij t-a¢5 J6hc fr yubyut jhÓghj]4 yuryu]j8c777 fr mfb j6hc sgk egh ft g`fn777 F~JKGRG~X73 ¡J` tg`thys [g[ifnys M`jrky3 rjh¢5 Dhg8 sg`xg;fk4 tj8 r;grf]`yu h`gh4 yut ,yrkg]fn fr5 M~JRKYR73 Y6ut tgrjh fr ,0ryut4 eg`j8 tg`x5 F~JKGRG~X73 H`g4 yut ,0rm fr kyufn lghxj;fn5 ¡M`jrkyro4 grfr .ghpglg`yug[ hgvyut - h`gh yu '‘f/mys fk l`yut j`fhj]5 Kfrhfnys4 y` hg gh;g.k;gh -4 wg`jrf]jhf`j gtey,o vg`3 ’'giuyut - h`g s`gv fu riryut gh,hgv [f[fn¢5 3 Tgl ryuk tg`dg`-jh777 M~JRKYR73 ¡Dy/yut -¢ 3 Ys jhÓ lfk c-4 jt x-t -777 ¡Gtey,o e/hyut - h`gh fu mg`. kgnjr x-;j 19

kgqg`j kghjmo5 Jri hf`mfuyut .g`yuhgiuyut M`jrkyrj iy=thgij]hf`j fu lgig/giy`xhf`j ig3 kg=j ohxlg`yuto¢5 WG~JRF}J73 D]-m x`gh ikyu`j]777 fr ;g3 kgr,gh io kgt5 ¡Yubyut fh l`fn yu ikyu`j] ]g[ d]fn M`jrky3 rjh4 egv] vghig`[4 j bg`tghr eyny`j4 hg ,yvr kgnjr h`gh]j]4 mg.uyut - tj iy=t fu j`fh ‘'dyug[ ‘'f/mf`o gvnfur cfh lgrhyut h`gh¢5 M~JRKYR73 ¡<y`l`xguy` z;kyut -¢5 Xf/ zg3 tghgio cj fifn777 f`e dgv4 fr jtg] io kgt777 ¡Vyuxgh4 y`jh yc ym cj ig`y= higkfn gvr j`g3 `gh]tgh t-a4 i`ijh nrfnys ,0rmf`o4 ,fngiy`yvr t/hcyut - fu yu.gpgw ohihyut dfkjh5 M`jrkyro lghdjrk jahyut - ikyu`j]4 gh]hyut bg`tghmj] mg`g]g[ tg`xigh] tjays4 g;g fnmj t0k ik`yui .`auyut - x-;j gtey,o¢5 M~JRKYR73 ¡<g=g= yu ghm-h¢5 Tg`xyu y`xjh ;-km - tgkhyuj mglghgvg;fkf`j] yu x;j`3 hf`j]4 h`gh ;jkj tglyugh xgkg;g`kfh4 lf3 pghyrhf`j Óf/mo ;jkj tgkhfh4 ;jkj [g=`fh4 cg`cg`fh fu ;jkj r;ghhfh h`gh5 Fu f``y`x 0`o hg vg`yupjuh ;jkj g/hj5 ¡Lghxg`k lf/ghyut -¢5 :GKIF~ F~~Y~X Ghg;gkyut tfb [gh0p lgqfnj x-tmys f`jkg3 rg`xo ;;bfn - gugbhf`j s`gv fu ‘'f/mj wgvkjiys ghh;gkgi wy`w`yut - gugbo5 M`jrkyro ighdhg[ - h`g xjtg]4 egv] f`jkgrg`xo yu.gx`yupjuh cj xg`’'hyut fu .g`yuhgiyut - wy`w`fn4 ig`[fr .gk nyu`a dy`[ - ghyut5 20

M~JRKYR73 ¡G;.g[¢5 Xy6u5 F~JKGRG~X73 ¡G/gh] h`gh hgvfnyu¢5 Bg`tg]fn fr4 c-65 F`fuj tkg[yut -j`4 p- rgkghgh ;y3 bf` ;-km - yuhfhgv4 ef`ghj] i`gij ey]f` ;-km - zgvpmfh4 ig= njhj4 rg;gkguy`777 tkg3 [yut -j`4 c-65 M~JRKYR73 J6hc fr yubyut jhÓghj]4 jhcy6u ]ghig]g`4 y` lghxj;fhm5 RGKGHGV73 Yubyut ft4 y` ,g=g= dyvgi]fhm fr yu xyu5 G/gh] jhÓ k,yu` io njhj mfb lg3 tg`5 Cft pgm]hyut4 y` jhÓ -n k,yu` io njhj g/gh] mfb5 M~JRKYR73 Fr fifn ft cg`j x-t i/yufnyu5 _n jhc;-6r ,g=g= dyvgi]ft mfb lfk5 RGKGHGV73 ¡Eghj kf= cj xhyut¢5 Y6u` -j` tjhcfu ljtg5 Fr ÓghÓ`ghyut -j tgh`3tyuh` tg`dg`-hf`j lfk5 Jhcy6u fr gvx;-r lg`]gigh hgvyut jhÓ5 F`fuj r;gryut fr4 y` grft9 1FpGrk[yv y`xjh fr4 gvr mg`jh grg4 y` lg] nj3 hj25 M~JRKYR73 Gvy4 d`yug[ -4 y` xyu gvx ,0rmo ;-km - grfr jhÓ5 RGKGHGV73 Djkft4 my ;gkgr,ghh -n dj3 kft9 1Tjgvh lg]ys c-4 y` i§g;`j tg`x4 gvn Grk[yv gt-h ,0rmys25 Fp- .gk fr yubyut tjur lg`]h -n kgt4 y`;-rbj my g.gif`khf`o d`j g/hfh7 1Fp- Grk[yv y`xjh fr4 mfb kg3 qg`j g.kg`gij] ]g[ d]j`5 Y`yslfkfu d`yug[ -9 jt l`f.kgihf`jh ;gkyuj`yug[ -4 y` mfb ;glfh yu my ykmo f`efm mg`jh c,wyuj25 Fp.gk fr yubyut4 ;gkgr,ghj8`5 M~JRKYR73 Gryug[ -4 y` my K_` Grk[yuh ;jkj cwy`Ófr5 21

RGKGHGV73 Gryug[ - hgfu4 y` rgkghgh kfrhfnys4 y` wy`Óyupjuhhf`j] egh xyu`r cfigu4 h`gh]j] tjg/zgtghgi lf/yu thg]5 Jri fr4 jhc;-r kfrhyut fr4 mfbhj] lf/yu thgnyu tkg3 x`yupjuh cyuhft5 Fr yu xyu cfhm ig`y= g/gh] t-ir tjurj g;`fn5 Fp- fr cnjhft4 xyu -n cfr njhj5 Fp- xyu cnjhfr4 yut ft ;-km fr5 ¡Ghif=[¢5 Jhc ngu -4 y` sf`ag;-r fig`5 M~JRKYR73 Xyu yuzf= fr4 fr djkft4 egv] fr mfbhj] cft sg,fhyut5 Fu tj.k ;gvmg`fnyu ft my x-t5 RGKGHGV73 Jt yubg[h -n l-h] gvx -5 :gv3 mg`j8`4 y` zghdo c;gkj jhÓ5 Fr g,` my ;-r cft4 [yvn ft fr5 M~JRKYR73 Fr ;jkj bylyuft4 y`;-rbj mguft tg`xiyupfgh tf=mf`o5 Yu x`ghys jri vg=pft mfb5 RGKGHGV73 Xyu Grk[yv y`xjh fr4 fr oh3 xyuhyut ft5 Egv] g;g tkg[j`9 y6s ft fr5 Grk[yv rkf=[g[o cf6t tjp-5 Fp- r,gnuyut ft4 h.ghgiyut - fr ghig, fu jhmhyu`yvh yuz ft5 Gvrjhmh j6hc4 f`i`y`x Grkyug6[5 Cg` Grkyug6[5 JhÓ tf=mj kgi tj8 d]j`5 Fr cft yubyut tf` Kj`yao lgugrg`fn5 M~JRKYR73 Xyu ,fn0m fr eg`eg/yut4 l-h] gvr;jrjh -n ;gkif`g]hyut -j mfb5 H.ghgiyut -9 tf` i/juo vgujkfhgigh - fu ghbjayut5 RGKGHGV73 Egv] xyu ohxyuhj`4 y` jt vg=3 pghgihf`o .gk fh4 ;g`kyupjuhhf`o9 mjc5 Jri my vg=pghgihf`o mjc fh fu ;g`kyupjuhhf`o9 .gk5 M~JRKYR73 Fr mfb lghfnyu ft tg`xigh] tj3 aj]5 22

RGKGHGV73 Y8c4 fr yu xyu g;`fnyu fhm h`gh] t-a5 Fu gvh -n yc p- g/ghÓjh3g/ghÓjh4 gvn9 hyvh tg`xyu t-a9 tjgrjh5 Fu kfr4 p- jh3 cf` fhm ghfnyu fr yu xyu5 M~JRKYR73 Tjp-6 xyu cdjkfr4 y` 1Lgugk2 eg/o ig;yug[ - tjgvh jt l0` fu jt ghyugh lfk5 Xg mfb ycjhc cj6 gryut5 RGKGHGV73 Iyv` lgugko c-6 x`g,kj djho5 Pghi cj6 .gk4 j8hc fr ig`[yut5 M~JRKYR73 Ys jhÓ ghg`dyut -4 jhÓ yu=g`3 iy=jh - ghg`dyut5 RGKGHGV73 <yrkysghyut ft4 y` tf[ lfkg3 m`m`yupfgte -j mfb nryut kgqg`yut5 Egv] tf` gvr lghxj;tgho xyu htgh cfr mfb5 Ly cfr ig`y= z,kfn4 y` jt ,0rmf`h gufnj lfkgm`mj` fh4 mgh myho5 J8hc -4 fr gufnj ,fng]j6 ft4 mgh xyu5 Mgu nj]j4 qj.x lgig/gio5 Egv] cg`o igkg`fngdy`[yug[ - tg`xyu iy=tj]4 dyh-9 dyvh yuhj4 dyvh5 Jri x`g,kyut gt-h jhc dyu]l`g.gnj -4 egv] yc lfkgm`mj`5 J tjaj gvny]4 cf6r tjahy`xj4 y` jhÓ tj ghdgt pyvn kgh x`g,ko kfrhfnyu5 Xg`;grj] ft kfrfn tjgvh4 hf`r cfh py=hyut5 F`fuj yubyut fh pgm]hfn hf`rj ÓghÓ`yvpo5 M~JRKYR73 Xyu yubyut fr t`]fn jhÓ lfk4 jri fr yubyut ft vg=pfn mfb5 Rg - tf` kg`3 ef`yupjuho5 RGKGHGV73 Gvrjhmh4 jhÓ lfkgm`m`yut - ,g3 =o4 jri mfb9 g`xjuhmo5 Iyv` ;-km - njhfn ckfrhfnyu lgtg`4 y` xyu mfbhj] ghig, df`g3 ;gkyuyupjuho kyuj` jhÓ5 M~JRKYR73 Py= gvx;-r njhj5 Xyu ,g=g4 jri jt rj`ko io wg/guy`yuj g`xjuhmys5 23

RGKGHGV73 Tynf/ghx fr4 Grk[yv y`xj5 Gw3 ryr4 my gbg`ko cyuhft fr5 Fr rj`yut ft t-a3 mj s`gv ;g/ifn yu tky`fn5 Jto jhmh j`fh rkg]uyut4 g/gh] qjdj5 Tynf/g8hx fr4 tynf3 /ghx5 M~JRKYR73 Fr rj`yv lgtg` ft fifn g.,g`l5 :jkj tg`xigh] rj`fn rysy`f]hft5 Rg - jt g3 tfhgtf[ ;gkyuj`gho5 RGKGHGV73 Djkfr jhc4 xyu .gk egh fr ;glghayut tg`xyu]5 Tjp-6 xg r-` -5 :glgh3 ayut fr hyvhjri ghig`fnjh9 jhmhgigkg`fng3 dy`[yut5 Jri fr gryut ft9 thg gvh;-r4 jhc3 ;-r igr5 Ljtg y6s - h`gh gufnj .gk rj`yut4 f6r4 p- xyu5 M~JRKYR73 Fr eyny`j tf=mf`o jhÓ s`gv ft sf`]hyut5 Fu r-`o xg -5 RGKGHGV73 ¡Ydfuy`yug[ p/cyut - kf=j]¢5 Dkgv4 dkgv my pyvn iy=to5 Gvh4 Vjryur Hg3 bys`f]j4 y` xyu yurtyuhm yuhfr5 Jri djkf6r4 y` ju`gmghcju` yurtyuhm q.tg`kyupfgh tj iy=t - tjgvh4 yc tj yurtyuhm cj ;g`wgiyut gtey=a q.tg`kyupjuho5 Yc -n gvx yurtyuhmhf`j dyutg3 `o5 ¡Hyvh ydfuy`yupfgte¢5 Glg p- jhcyu fr yur3 tyuhm cyuhft4 ghyut ft gvh4 jhc ;glo pf3 ngx`f]5 ¡{j[g=yut -¢5 Djkf6r jhcyu ft rj`yut mfb777 y`yslfkfu tjgih fr4 y`j s`gv j.,g3 hyupjuh cyuhft777 M~JRKYR73 Rg my6 if`;g`ghmh -4 p- yu`j.j if`;g`ghmys fr hf`igvg]fn jhÓ5 Dyu]- jrig3 ;-6r ig= fr yu rg;gkguy`5 RGKGHGV73 Yuby6ut fr tj dg=khjm grft mfb5 Lghdjrk f=j`4 jhÓ my lgv`o cj rkf=[fn4 jhÓ tg`xji fh rkf=[fn9 ork j`fh] ;gkif`j 24

fu htghyupfgh5 Kfrhyut fr4 fr gufnj tgkcfnj ft4 gufnj ote/hfnj4 gufnj ohpf/hfnj5 Fr ly=jh ft ighdhg[4 h`gh] iy=mjh ft4 jri xyu ghlgt3 ef` r;gryut fr f`i`gvjh kghaghmhf`j] gbgk3 ufnyu yu f`ijhm lgteg/hgnyu tgrjh5 Fr rfug3 dy`[ ft4 jri xyu wgwigryuh j.,gh5 M~JRKYR73 Sf`ag]`j6`5 _n egh cyuhf6r grfnyu5 Rg tf` sf`ajh lghxj;yuth -5 RGKGHGV73 G/gajho4 gtfhgg/gajho5 Fpy`fu- kf= mg`ybfr4 fr io dgt yu -nj vgwo.3 kgiyupfgte io nrft mfb5 ¡Ghif=[¢5 Fr777 fr ljghyut ft mfbghys777 djkf6r tjgrjh jhcf` ig`y= fhm ghfn777 ¡M`jrkyro glg yu` y` - io lf/ghgv5 H`g fkfuj]¢5 Jri xyu lg]j tgrjh gv3 hyugtfhgvhju tkg[j`777 gvng;-r Ó`j yuz fr ;g`dfuyut jhÓ4 tf[4 .g¨k tf[ g/gufnyupjuh5 :GKIF~ CY~~Y~X Dj.f`4 ;g`bigv4 ,g=g= dj.f`5 S`gh4 yu` M`jr3 kyrh - dj.f`yut5 G.gif`khf`o mhg[ fh x`ryut4 gvr yu gvh kf=5 Vyuxgh4 tj iy=t mg.yug[4 eg] g`fn dgh’'ghgio fu wy=f`h - lg.uyut5 Gugbj s`gv cy`fmpgp h`gh - t0kfhyut Vgiyeyr g/gmfgno5 VGIYEYR73 Jhcmg6h fr lgugmfn5 Dyh- tj ohp3 `jmj wy= ig6v5 VYUXG73 G`py6uh fr777 jt myuhh -n cj kghyut777 zngk fh tg`xji4 mjc wy= fh d]yut777 VGIYEYR73 Yu`fth4 -nj mg=]g[ ;jkj thghm5 VYUXG73 Jhcy6u yuryu]jco yu`j.hf`j lgtg` l`g.mhf` - dy`[yut4 tj Óyui yu lg]o egbtg3 ;gkiyut -4 egv] tfb lgtg` bnghyut - ghfn5 25

VGIYEYR73 Egv] jhmh -n - ijrgmg=] thyut5 VYUXG73 Cft ohxyuhyut5 Cft ohxyuhyut5 Kfr4 jhc df=f]ji ;g`bigv dj.f` -4 grk=f`o gvh;-r fh wgvwnyut4 y` puyut -4 p- ig`y= fr lg.3 ufn t-i g/ t-i5 Jri tf` wy`o xgkg`i -5 _n jhc;-6r sgvfnft gvr df=f]iyupjuho5 VGIYEYR73 Tf=m fr dy`[yut4 tj8 mhhj` h`g dy`[f`o5 VYUXG73 Egv] fr lg`] ft kgnjr4 Vgiyey8r5 Tjp-6 my t-a f`efm ;glgha cj6 [gdfn lg`] kgnyu5 VGIYEYR73 ¡<f=qg]g[¢5 Fp- ghif=[ grft4 [gdfn -4 Vyuxg85 Fu xg jhÓ lghdjrk cj kg3 njr5 I`[yut - lydjr5 VYUXG73 Sf`ag;-¨r5 Sf`ag;-¨r5 Fu j6hc lg`] - xg5 Ky8u`4 fr Ófb htgh cft4 io nrft5 VGIYEYR73 <yrkg]j8`4 y` yc ymj cfr grj5 VYUXG73 Jhcy6u grft4 fp- fr vg`dyut ft lg`]gr-`hf`jh5 Grg84 lg`]x kyu`5 VGIYEYR73 Bgkij hg,0`fgijh hg tfb ohp3 `jmj - ighcyut5 Egv] fp- dghÓghgio xgkg`i - d`fp-4 jhc;-6r ;jkj ohp`jm kgv5 VYUXG73 ¡G`lgtg`lghmys¢5 Xg6 -` my lg`]o5 Gvxmgh eg6h5 VGIYEYR73 Y8c4 y8c5 Jt lg`]h gvh -777 egv] ctgkhfr jhÓ4 Vyuxg8777 j r-` Grk[yv4 ctgk3 hfr777 VYUXG73 JhÓ tgkhjcj kf6= fr xhyut5 _n jh3 cy6u fr yubyut jhÓ lg`] kgn5 VGIYEYR73 Hf`j8`5 Fr c-j yubyut mfb sj`g3 uy`fn5 VYUXG73 Lg8`]x kyu`4 lg`]x5 VGIYEYR73 Ohp`jmj zgtghgi hg tfbghj] 26

y6ut io hrkf]hj j` iy=mjh777 y6s - h`g ngug3 dyvh g.gif`ko5 VYUXG73 Fp- grft9 xyu4 fp- grft9 mfb ;jkj hrkf]hj4 dyu]- tkg[fr4 y` .y=ymy`pyut ft5 Egv] tjp-6 fr tf=guy` ft4 y` jt ;gkgr3 ,gho gvx - l-h]5 Mfb ;jkj hrkf]hj j` iy=3 mjh5 VGIYEYR73 Qj6.x5 ¡Dylyuhgiyupfgte z;kyut -¢5 Fr lgugkyut ft mfb4 Vyuxg85 Xyu tf` t-a gtfhgg`pyuhh fr yu gtfhgbdgrko5 VYUXG73 Mhj8`4 mhj8`4 tj8 ,ghdg`j` lg.ju3 hf`r5 VGIYEYR73 ¡F`aghji z;kyut -¢5 Eg`j dj.f`4 eg`figt5 VYUXG73 Nyvr eg`j5 Fp- fr f`fugt my f`g3 byut4 ig`djh i§ohxyuhfr wg/m yu ;gkju5 Fu djhj io kgr jhÓ4 xyu l0 djkfr jt pyunyu3 pjuho5 ¡Vgiyeyr dhyut - fu lf/uyut ;g/iyut5 Vyuxgh .g`yuhgiyut - lg.yufn wy=f`o5 Ghhigk t0kfhyut - Vyslghh-ro fu ighdhyut h`g dn,gsf`fuyut¢5 VYSLGHH_R73 Vyuxg6777 jhcy6u fr g`pyuh777 VYUXG73 Jri jhcyu ;jkj ghft gvh4 jhc ey3 ny`x -m ghyut777 fr jt zgtg]yv]h yuhft4 jt zgto cj e/hyut Óf` zgtj lfk5 VYSLGHH_R73 ¡Z;kyut -¢5 Gt-h jhcj ;gkgr3 ,gho ;gk`grk - .`phf`jx5 VYUXG73 Y`yslfkfu lg`] yuhft fr4 rj`fnj Vyslghh-r5 Y`kf= lg`]4 gvhkf= -n ;gkgr,gh5 VYSLGHH_R73 Fu tj.k ig6v ;gkgr,gh5 VYUXG73 :gkgr,gho ig`fuy` c-4 f=egv`r4 lg`]h - tjgvh ig`fuy`5 Lg`] yuhfr4 kyu`5 Fp- cyuhfr4 [hghj`5 Egv] rysy`j` lg`] kgn5 27

Ribej lgtg` p-iyub vjtg` lg`]5 Tjhcfu rysy3 `fr4 yu jrigigh lg`] [hyuj5 VYSLGHH_R73 ¡Kgkghyufnys¢5 J6hc lg`]4 Vyu3 xg8777 yu. - g`x-h777 mhfn - ;-km777 VYUXG73 Mhj8`4 mhj8`5 Egv] f`gbyut jhÓ ckfrhfr4 vghig`[5 T-i -4 cft dgv5 VYSLGHH_R73 Jhcy6u5 VYUXG73 G8v4 kfrhyut fr4 xyu -n lg`] kyuj`4 hyvhjri f`iyu lg`]5 C-84 n`ju ghvyurgnj cfr xyu5 _nj84 -nj84 tj8 sg,f]j`4 fr mfb i§0dhft5 ¡Ig`[fr f`f,gvjh mgvnfn - rysy`f]hyut¢5 G;g4 g;g5 VYSLGHH_R73 ¡Ghsrkgl¢5 Kfrhfr sg=o ghÓ`fu io dg6v777 VYUXG73 ¡<`g,yurgigh [gw - bg`hyut¢5 Ngu -4 ngu -5 Vfky6v5 VYSLGHH_R73 J6hc dyvhj - kf`fuo5 VYUXG73 Wgvny¨uh lg`] -5 Vfky6v4 vfky6v5 VYSLGHH_R73 Dj.f`o jhcy6u - bys4 ]f`fio9 kgm5 VYUXG73 G;`f8r5 Lyvgig; -5 Yu`j8.4 yu`j8.777 VYSLGHH_R73 Jhcy6u ft fr ljtg [g`gu777 VYUXG73 _nj84 -nj8777 VYSLGHH_R73 ¡{yu=gih ohig[¢5 Vyuxg84 dj3 kf6r4 y` tfb ohp`jmj - l`guj`fn yuryu]jco5 VYUXG73 ¡Mpj kgi jhmhgdyl z;kyut -¢5 Jri jhcy6u lgtg`5 Bgkij6 g/jpys5 VYSLGHH_R73 ¡Ghlgtef`¢5 Jhcj lgtg`o ig`f3 uy` c-4 Vyuxg85 JhÓ lgtg` ig`fuy`h gvh -4 p- hg yut ;jkj hrkf]hj j` iy=mjh5 Y6s h`g ngugdyvh g.gif`ko5 Xyu j6hc fr ig`[yut5 VYUXG73 Fp- gvx lg`]o [gdfn - dn,yutx4 yu`fth djkfr4 y` mfb - hrkf]hfnyu5 :g`bg;-r 28

yubyut fr4 y` fr lgrkgkft5 VYSLGHH_R73 Y8h] -n dn,j ohig`5 Yubyut ft4 Vyuxg84 .gk ft yubyut5 VYUXG73 Cfr r,gnyufn5 Xyu fr hrkfnyu h`g iy=mjh5 Gvx kf=o mfb - g`zghj5 VYSLGHH_R73 Jrig;-6r5 L0 cf6r t,jpg`yut jhÓ5 VYUXG73 Xyu f6`e fr nrfn4 y` Vyuxgh ,gej j` eg`figthf`jh5 VYSLGHH_R73 Hf`j8`777 xyu tjgih fr eyny`j]4 yut fr iyu`0`-h lgugkyut ft777 VYUXG73 Eg8] gcmf`x4 tg`x Grk[yv4 eg] gcmf`ys lgugkg8777 VYSLGHH_R73 Eg`j dj.f`4 Vyuxg85 >hy`lgign ft4 y` xyu jhÓ qj.xh grg]j`5 Fr ft hrkfnyu h`g iy=mjh5 Fr ft h`g rj`fnj g.gif`ko5 ¡I-r qgtej]4 vghig`[¢5 Egv] xyu jhc;-6r i/glf]j`4 y` ;jkj egh lg`]hft mfb5 VYUXG73 Fr h`g kgrht-i g.gif`khf`j] g3 tfhj] gufnj mfb ft rj`yut5 X`g lgtg` -n xyu tjgvh jhÓ ig`y= -j` srkglfn5 ¡Mpj kgi [j3 [g=yut -¢5 Tfhm rj`yut fhm h`gh4 ys tfb rj`yut5 ¡Vyslghh-ro dhyut -5 Vyuxgh .g`yuhgiyut lg.yufn wy=f`o5 {y]j] lghyut - tj mghj tfkg3 =gx`gt fu gufng]hyut - dgh'’ghgij t-a¢5 VYUXG73 ¡Jhmh j`fh¢5 :g`kmys -j sf`]`fn777 ;g`kmr fk ft kgnjr777 p-fu hg lg.uyut4 srkglyut - jhÓ777 x`g lgtg` -n fk ft kgnjr thg]y`xo777 .gk kyuj` gvx ihyao4 vjtg8` Vyu3 xg777 tf=mo Ó`j -n ig`fnj - dy`[fn777 Fpyubyut fr jtghgn4 jrigigh tf=mo tj.k -n Ó`j -777 wy=o gufny`x jtgrk - tk]hyut777 ¡:g/iyut 29

- dfkhjh4 ‘'f/mo x`g[ dn,j kgi5 Vghig`[ jhc3y` tjkm riryut - kghafn h`gh4 sf` - p/cyut kf=j] yu hrkyut¢5 Gvx vjtg`hf`o jhcy6u srkglf]jh mfb4 Jrig`jyskg]j Vyuxg5 Srkglf]jh4 y`yslf3 kfu777 ¡T/gvnuyut -¢5 Y`yslfkfu mfb gtfhgvfkjhh fh lgtg`yut h`g g.gif`khf`j]777 -n jhcy8u g3 tgcft gtfhgvfkjhj]777 ¡Hy`j] ;g/iyut - yu sj3 `guy`yug[ dy/yut x-;j tpyupjuho¢5 Jt f`gbyut py= yc ym c,]iyuj777 S`ghj] xyu`r - dgnjr M`jrkyro9 aglo ‘'f/mjh5 Vyuxgh ghtjag;-r vg`dgnj` ykmj - fnhyut4 wyu3 pys t0kfhyut - g.gif`khf`jh4 e0pyut fu g`p3 hg]hyut h`gh]5 H`ghm mhgpgpg, sf` fh ifhyut fu .`ag;gkyut yuryu]cjh5 M~JRKYR73 Xyum c-m jtghyut4 p- jhc -m ,hx`yut5 :FK~YR73 Egv] j6hc fhm ,hx`yut4 yuryu]j8c5 M~JRKYR73 Ig`y6= -m ,tfn gvh egzgio4 y` fr ot;fnyu ft igt ti`kyufn gvh ti`kyupfgte4 y`ys fr ti`kyufnyu ft5 GVR YU GVH IY+TJ}73 Ig`y= fhm4 yuryu]j8c5 M~JRKYR73 Gvh egzgio4 y` fr ,tfnyu ft4 io ,t-m4 fu gvh ti`kyupjuho4 y`ys fr ti`kyufnyu ft4 io ti`kyu-m4 egv] jt iy=mjh hrkf]hfno4 jt kgnys cj njhj4 gvn k`yufnyu - h`gh]4 y`yh] lgtg` ;gk`grkyug[ -5 PYSTGR73 Jri y6ut lgtg` - ;gk`grkyug[4 yuryu]j8c5 M~JRKYR73 Òfbhj] ys igtfhgv tf[ njhfn4 ;jkj njhj Óf` r;grguy`o fu Ófbhj] ys igtf3 hgv g/gajho njhfn4 eyny`jh [g/gv ;jkj njhj5 Ys y` tf[ - Óf` t-a4 py= njhj jhc;-r io`k3 rf`o4 jri g/gahy`xo9 jhc;-r r;grguy`o5 Y`ys3 30

lfkfu tg`xyu y`xjh -n cfigu [g/gvyupjuh oh3 xyuhfnyu gvn [g/gvfnyu fu kgnyu j` ghÓo4 y`3 ;-r w`ighm .gkf`j wy,g`-h5 :FK~YR73 Tyup -4 yuryu]j8c4 gwryr4 cft ig3 `y= ,0rmf`x d`j g/hfn5 M~JRKYR73 Jt ,0rmo r`kjx t-a yuhf]j` fu yc p- d`cjx [gv`jh5 ¡Hgvyut - Vgiyeyrjh fu ghyu. z;kyut -¢5 Gvx xy6u -j` yubyut jt iy=mjh hrkfn5 VGIYEYR73 ¡Vghig`[gijj fig[¢5 Jri y6s cj yubyut4 yuryu]j8c5 Egv] cft lgtg`Ógiuyut f`g3 bfn ghdgt5 M~JRKYR73 Jri xy6u4 Vyslghh-r5 VYSLGHH_R73 JhÓghj] .gk nguf`o igh4 yu3 ryu]j8c5 M~JRKYR73 Jri jhcy6u Óf` f`iyurj] yc t-ij t0k lg`] c[gdf]4 p- jt f`i`y`x iy=th y8s - hrkfnyu5 Jhcy6u gt-h t-ix j` tgrjh tkg[f] tjgvh5 C-6 y` f`iyu iy=t yuhft fr5 VGIYEYR73 ¡{higcym¢5 Hf`j8`4 yuryu]j8c4 Vyu3 xgh jhÓ vyu.f] gvx tjkmo777 VYSLGHH_R73 ¡Hyvh;-r [yuhij - dgnjr¢5 JhÓ -n4 yuryu]j8c777 ¡Vyuxgh igkg=g[ yubyut - ;gkgr,ghfn4 egv] M`jrkyro ‘'f/mys igh,yut4 g`dfnyut - h`gh¢5 M~JRKYR73 Jri xy6u jhc fr yubyut4 jt ,f=q Vyuxg4 y6` gpy/h - my r`kys5 VYUXG73 ¡Gigtgv¢5 F`i`y`x gpy/o4 yuryu]j8c5 M~JRKYR73 Jhcy6u5 Tjp-6 g/gajho cj dgvpg3 i=yut mfb5 VYUXG73 G/gajhj lgtg` .gk pfihg[yu igv4 yuryu]j8c5 M~JRKYR73 Tjp-65 Jri f`i`y`xj65 31

VYUXG73 Jri f`i`y`xh gbgk - tj.k777 ¡B=ayut - j` ,0rmf`j lgtg`4 rgigvh yu. - g`3 x-h5 <f=qg]g[ z;kyut -4 i[iuyut -4 tj eyu/ xg/hyut¢5 M~JRKYR73 Qj.x -4 bgug8ir4 f`i`y`x kf=h gufnj lgrkgkyuh - g/gajhj]5 ¡<g=g= tj z;jk - ;g`dfuyut fu4 aglo '‘f/mjh4 gh.kg; yu==uyut x-;j j` s`gho5 S`ghj t0k .`auyut - fu j`fh yc ehy`y.4 ifh]g=gvjh pyhys lg`]hyut vghig`[¢5 Tg`xji j6hc fh gryut jt tgrjh5 :FK~YR73 Kg`ef` eghf`4 yuryu]j8c5 M~JRKYR73 J6hc fh gryut4 y8s ft fr fu y6`3 kf=j]777 :FK~YR73 Tj tgro gryut - Vyslghh-r Tio`3 kjch -4 tjur tgro9 F=jgh777 M~JRKYR73 Jri xy6um jhc -m gryut4 y6s ft fr5 :FK~YR73 Grk[yv tfrjgh5 M~JRKYR73 Jt tgrjh tg`xyu egh cgr-m777 ,rkju ;gkyuj`yut ft Ófb777 ¡Tkhyut - s`gho5 Vgiyeyrh yu Vyslghh-ro M`jrkyrj lf/ghgnyuh ;-r9 gt0pglg` [niyut fh5 }`uyut fh hgfu tjur g.g3 if`khf`o fu ;g/iyut mhfnyu5 Thyut - tjgvh Vyuxgh5 K,yu` pgwg/yut - tf3 hgi4 ig`[fr sghxgij t-a4 g;g ighd - g/hyut4 ngvh c/yut ykmf`o fu nyurhglgcj htgh dy/yut x-;j f`ijhm¢5 VYUXG73 F`i`y`xo4 K-8`4 f`i`y`xo777 yc g/g3 ajh777 tj.k fu gt-h kf=777

32

:GKIF~ LJHDF~Y~X Pgdguy`j ;gngk5 Lf`ysx-r fu Igvgwg5 LF~YSX_R73 Eg`j6 - gv]fnyupjuhx4 mglghg3 vg;f8k5 IGVGWG73 Eg`j nyu`f`j lgtg` g`mghf`jh cfh gv]fnyut4 k-8` jt5 LF~YSX_R73 Grg84 jt ig.jh lgrkg]fn -4 tj if`; io xjtghgt my sgk nyu`f`jh5 IGVGWG73 Xyu nrf6n fr Vjryur Hgbys`f]yu tgrjh5 LF~YSX_R73 Hg4 ys mg=gmj] mg=gm ohig[ mg`yby6ut - zy=ys`xjh5 IGVGWG73 Mg`ybyut -4 ;=ky`yut - tg`x3 igh] lydjhf`o5 LF~YSX_R73 Y`yslfkfu xyu jhmx sgk fr mg`ybyut4 mglghgvg;fk5 Fp- ngu mg`yb-j`4 h`g ,0rmf`o ;g`g`k ly= c-jh dkhj5 IGVGWG73 Hg cg` yuz -4 k-` jt4 jhc;-r wg`jrf]jhf`h fh gryut9 xfu - tynfdhyut h`g t-a5 LF~YSX_R73 Gvx;-r - tj.k5 Fp- lgigx`fnyu egh cyuhfr4 gt-h jhc cg` - f`fuyut tg`xyu gcmjh5 IGVGWG73 Egv] hg eg`j dy`[f` -n igkg`yut5 H`g 0dhyupfgte iyv`f`o kfrhyut fh4 ig=f`o9 mgvnyut fh4 ey`ykhf`o9 tgm`uyut fh4 ,yunf`o9 nryut fh777 LF~YSX_R73 Fu tf/fnhf`o vg/hyut fh777 dj3 kft4 djkft77 egv] jhcy6u vj.f]j` h`g eg`j dy`[f`o5 IGVGWG73 Fr yubyut ft sqj/ kgnyu] g/ga 33

jtghgr gtey=a q.tg`kyupjuho5 LF~YSX_R73 Gbhju fr4 Igvgwg8777 eg`f;g.k fr4 eg`f;g.k777 tjgvh p- gbhyuyupjuhh yu ghgbhyuyupjuho wy=y]j lgtg` fh4 egv] yc g`myuhjmj5 IGVGWG73 ¡Byur; lfdhghmys¢5 L-h] x`g lg3 tg` fh wy=y]yut ghohxlgk tg`dg`-hf` vgvk3 huyut5 LF~YSX_R73 Grg jhÓ4 jhcj6 lgtg` fr [g,3 ryut my f/ghxo4 fp- my mglghgvg;fkyu3 pfgh zgti-ko n`ghyut - t-i gtrj]5 Y`mgh djkft4 htgh x-;mf`yut xzyug` lg`]f`o vg3 ay`xj yurjh fh d]yut5 Jhcy6u fr xyu eg]g3 /yupjuh5 IGVGWG73 ¡G`zghg;gkyuyupjuh¢5 Egv] gtjro xf/ cj n`g]fn4 K-8` jt5 LF~YSX_R73 Djkfr jhc4 rg lydyu lg`] -4 yu`fth jhmx -n nyu[j`5 ¡<y`gtghi z;kyut -¢5 Fr lydyu lfk dy`[ cyuhft4 jto tg`tjhh -5 IGVGWG73 <0rmo l-h] h`g tg`thj tgrjh -4 k-` jt5 LF~YSX_R73 ¡Ghkg`ef`¢5 Yubyut fr grfn4 y` r;ghhfn - ;-km h`gh5 R;gghhj` Igvgwg4 fr my Óf/mo cft e/hj5 IGVGWG73 Ljthguy`yut - ;-km5 Xgk yu xgkgrkgh5 LF~YSX_R73 ¡Vghig`[ bgv`g]g[ yu sj`guy`3 ug[¢5 3 Jri f`e fr dn,gkf]j Vyslghh-r Ti`kcjh4 j6hc xgk f=gu4 j6hc xgkgrkgh5 Jt [hhxfgh 0`o lg`rjr xyurk`o gvh;-r hgbfnj ;g`f]4 gvh;-r lfbghgb4 y` fr ,yrkg]gv h`gh kgn gvh4 jhc ]ghighgv5 Jri hg4 t0` x`xtgte4 eyny`j hf`igvyupfgte ;glghaf] 34

Vyslghh-r Ti`kcj dnyu,o5 Pgdguy`j ,0rmo ,0rm -4 Igvgwg85 Fr dn,gkfn kyuj Vyslgh3 h-rjh fu h`g dnyu,o riyukf=j s`gv oh[gvf]j g=aigh5 Jhcy6u n/f]j` gvh zgtghgi4 jhcy6u ljthguy`yut cyubf]j`5 Jhcy6u xgk yu xgkgr3 kgh c;glghaf]j`5 G8v4 x`g lgtg` fh ghohx3 lgk mg`ybjchf` vgvkhuyut Jr`gv-nyut5 IGVGWG73 Fr mfb ljtg -n ft xgkg3 ;g`kyut4 k-` jt5 LF~YSX_R73 Yu. -4 Igvgwg84 yu. -5 :jkj zgtghgijh Óf/mr e/h-j`5 Ljtg -n fr kg3 kghuyut5 Ljtg -n sqj/ cyuhfr xyu5 ¡J lfqyuir h`g¢5 3 Fr mfb g`dfnyut ft Óf/m kgn gvx mg`ybcjh5 IGVGWG73 Fp- gvr;-r py=hfhm4 g`mgv4 lgugkg]fgnhf`o io .gkghgh4 fu l/yt-g]jhf`o io dgh yu io sf`g]hfh tf` gbdh -n4 tf` r`egsgv`h -n5 LF~YSX_R73 ¡T/gvnuyut -¢5 L/yt-g]jhf6`o5 Jh3 cy6u vj.f]j`4 Igvgwg84 y` fr ohxgt-ho ig,fgn pgdguy` ft5 Jhcy6u cpy=j`4 y` mtglgq njhft eyny` g`mghf`j ;-r5 Jhcy6u rpgwf]`j` jhÓ4 [f8` rgkghgv5 IGVGWG73 Gufnj ngu -4 y` t-i tg`x tf/hj zy=ys`xj lgtg`4 mgh p- gtey=a gbdo iy`cj5 LF~YSX_R73 ¡K,yu` mt[j[g=¢5 Fr gvx;-r -n clgrig]gv4 p- jhc - gtey,o fu jhc - tj lydjh5 X`gh]j] y8`h - .gk5 ¡Lg/gcyut -¢5 Lg3 tgÓgvh ft4 dhg84 tglyugh sqj/ kyu`5 IGVGWG73 Fp- tglyugh ;jkj xgkg;g`3 kyuj j r-` l/yt-g]jhf`j4 py= l/yt-g]j :j3 =gkyrh -n xgkj h`gh5 Tjgvh p- zy=ysyu`3 xo777 35

LF~YSX_R73 Zy=ysyu`xo gt-h jhc ty/ghyut -4 Igvgwg8777 gvr tg`dg`-jh -n io ty/ghgv .yukys777 dhg84 -n tj8 vg;g=j`777 :GKIF~ SF}F~Y~X <yun wy=y]5 Vyuxg fu Igvgwg5 VYUXG73 Gcmf`j]x ig`xyut ft4 y` xyu cfr lgtgi`yut jhÓ5 IGVGWG73 Jhcf` fr ,0ryut4 Vyuxg85 G8vx y`kf=j] lhg`f]j`5 VYUXG73 Cfr lgtgi`yut4 cfr lgtgi`yut777 IGVGWG73 Tfhm g/gajh yu sf`ajh ghdgt fhm lghxj;yut5 Jhcjx - ;-km gh[gh0pj lg3 tgi`ghmo5 VYUXG73 Tkmysx cgh]hj5 Gvr0`yughj] tfhm hyvh .=pgvys fhm ig;yug[5 Jt yu my ghyuh3 hf`o ghegzghfnj fh g`x-h5 Fr my rkyuf`h ft4 xyu9 jto5 IGVGWG73 J6hc fr Ójupj ;-r i;fn jhÓ5 <03 rf]jhm4 sf`ag]gu5 VYUXG73 ¡E/hyut - h`g 0’'jmj]¢5 Tgkhjc cft fr777 IGVGWG73 Tkmysr -n cj gh]hyut5 Eg] py=5 Ohxlgig/gio4 xyu Jr`gv-n f`i`j jrigigh bgugih fr5 Eg8] py=5 VYUXG73 Fp- tgkhjc njh-j4 ,y`l`xgh.gigh dyutg` c-j ;glghaj mfbhj]5 Lg;g jhcy6u oh3 xgt-ho f`fryuh g`[gp yubf]j5 IGVGWG73 Fp- b=ag]fn fr4 ig`y= ft gufnj kgn5 VYUXG73 :-km c- gufnj5 Xyu yubyut fr 36

gufnj kgn4 y` fr tgkhjc xg/hgt5 If=kykfn fr yubyut jhÓ5 IGVGWG73 Lg;g j6hco x`xf] mfb jhÓ lfk lghxj;fn4 fp-4 j lg`i-4 dg=khjm c-5 VYUXG73 Xg my ,fnmj egho cj777 fr lg.juhf` yuhft jhmr jhÓ lfk7775 Fr egh yuhft ;g`bfnyu777 IGVGWG73 Ngu4 ngu4 fr cft yubyut my ly3 dyu t-a tkhfn5 ¡Wy`'’yut - dhgn¢5 VYUXG73 ¡Ik`yut - h`g qghg;g`lo¢5 Fpsrkgl njh-j4 y` ohxlgh`g;-r c-m dkhj h`gh4 f`efm c-j lgtgÓgvhj h`g kf=o ]yv] kgn5 Nry6ut fr4 f`ef8m5 Egv]4 t-i -4 djkft4 y` ey3 ny`x -n hfhd -m4 sf`ao dkhfnyu -m h`gh5 IGVGWG73 Lghdrkg]j`4 bgugir5 Xyu my ;g`kmo igkg`f]j`5 VYUXG73 Hg l`g.m [hyuhx -4 ryu`e4 tgm`g3 tgmyu`4 tfbghj] y8c t-io h`g qiyvpo cg`z-5 Xyu -n cg`zfr4 xyu -n4 p-fu mglghgvg;fk fr lgtg`yut mfb5 IGVGWG73 Tj8 kghaj` mfb4 y`xj8r5 VYUXG73 Òfbhj] yc t-io f`efm cj lgug3 rg`yuj h`gh5 Dgqgqhf` -m gt-hmx4 chcjh g3 `g`g[hf`5 Jdg]g[4 jdg]g[5 IGVGWG73 ¡Gvnfur cj xjtghyut¢5 Nfby8ux4 nfby8ux4 bdyv. f=j`5 Cgwo tj8 gh]hj4 tg8`x5 VYUXG73 J6hc ;jkj ghfr777 j6hc ig`y= fr ghfn777 c-6 y` xyu jt Óf/mjh fr ljtg777 .gk ,0rfr4 fk io ighdhft jt ,0rmj]777 p.yug3 /gig8h777 ¡Tgko kghyut - .`pyuhmhf`jh yu zo;3 kyut4 g;g eg]grgeg` .g`zyut - dnyu,o4 gvrjhmh9 tkmysx vghig`[ cgh]hj eg`ighgn¢5 Xjtg]j` Igvgwg777 ;g fr y6h] ft xjtghyut jt Óf/3 37

mjh777 IGVGWG73 :gvtghguy`yufhm4 xyu j6hc h.gh ]yv] io kgr tfb5 VYUXG73 R;grj8`4 fr xf/ ;jkj ,0rft5 Gvh x`gtj wy,g`-h4 y` fr c;glghaf]j mfbhj]5 IGVGWG73 ¡Tf=t¢5 <0rj8`4 bgugir4 ,0rj` yu xgkg`iyuj`5 VYUXG73 Jhc;-6r xgkg`iyuft4 Igvgwg84 fpef`h- ef`gh n]yufn - lydjr yu fnm cj dkhyut xyu`r dgnyu5 Gvx wg/gkfhcji p.yug/hf`o ohxgt-ho yubyut fh h`g iy=mjh hrkfn5 Gvx3 mgh - gvx y=y`tfnjhf`j f`fugigvyupjuho5 Tg`x fh yubyut thgn4 egv] qgtegh cdjkfh5 Tjp-6 gvx;jrj chcjh tf=mys ig`fnj - tg`x thgn5 X`g lgtg` -n hg hyvhjri cgv;ghf]4 h`ghm g`zghj c-jh Yuryu]cj hg,gkjhmjh5 Jri fr djkft tg`x thgnyu qghg;g`lo5 Fr djkft tf=m dy`[fnyu4 g`dfnyug[ rgltghh gh]hfnyu lhg`o5 Fr [g/j] ;yifnyu ft ;kyu=o fu yc ym4 j kg`ef`yupjuh pyungty`p Gxgtj4 jhÓ cj x`xfn x`gh5 Gvn9 fr4 f8r4 tjgvh j8t igtmys4 tjgvh j8t ,fnmys5 Fr rkyudyut ft jhÓ4 Ig3 vgwg85 :jkj sf`a j sf`ayv jtghg6t4 p- ys ft fr5 IGVGWG73 J6hc h.gh ]yv] io kgr tfb5 VYUXG73 R;grj`777 Djkf6r jhcyu ft gvr eyny`o mfb gryut777 y`yslfkfu vydhfn ft jhmr jhÓ ,0rfnyu]777 ,0rgij] - jhÓ ;-km4 Igvgwg84 ,0rgij]4 mfb htgh ,0rgij]4 y`h jhÓ nrj4 egv] ycjhc clgrighgv jt ,0rmf`j]5 IGVGWG73 ¡X-tmo ppyuf]hfnys¢5 Egv] jhcy6u yu3 bf]j`4 y` mg=gmj gvr ,yun ghijuhyut lghxj3 ;fhm777 dg`.glykyupjuh - wcyut cy`r iy=tj]777 38

VYUXG73 Rysy` fr4 c-6 ghyu. eyu`tyuhm3 hf`j777 ycj8hc4 tj mjc -n Vyuxgvj tg.ij t-a tkj`4 gtey=a ifghmr gvr;jrj kf=f`yut - gh3 ]fn4 ghwy=4 ghkyuh4 ghnyugv777 ghlgv`777 fu tghgughx9 g/gh] jtgrkj777 tjhcfu lghxj;f]j Yuryu]cjh4 y`h jhÓ tkg[fn rysy`f]`f]777 Yu g/gajh egho4 y` jhmhyu`yvh tkg[f]j4 gvh -`4 p- jhcy6u - hg gvxmgh ghpf`j4 gvxmgh gbhju4 gvxmgh tgmyu`777 Tjp-6 gvx ghlgrg3 hfnjyupjuho g`xg` -4 Igvgwg8777 Tjp-6 xg h`gh cj ,y`pg]hyut4 cj lf/g]hyut tfbhj]777 Tjp-6 ghj`gu hg,gkjhm cj xg/hyut777 fpj`0m rj`yut fr jhÓ4 gvxmgh tj8 kg`ef`yuj` jhÓhj]777 r-`o xg -4 Igvgwg84 yc p- h`g ghtgkcfnj igkg`fnyupjuho777 IGVGWG73 Yu. -4 k=g8r777 tg`xji ig`y= fh kfrhfn tfb777 VYUXG73 Gvhmgh qg`kg` rysy`f]`f] jhÓ4 gvhmgh lgtef`gkg`4 gvhmgh vgtg/ rj`ys4 y` kfrhyut fr4 fr rirf]j lg`] kgn4 Igvgwg5 R;grj`4 clg`]hfr4 p- jhc h.gh ;-km - ]yv] kgr5 Xg cj6 my lg`]o4 [f`y8ui g=yu-r5 Ohxg3 t-ho xg cj65 ¡{j[g=yut -¢5 Xyu xf/ zgtg3 hgi i§yuhfhgr my s`-zo nyu[fnyu5 F`e dy`[o j igkg` g[yuj4 f`e gvnfur ;-km cnjhft mfb4 xyu jt ig.jh io mf`pfr5 Egv] yc ljtg4 yc gvr0`4 gvr dj.f`yugv k-`o fr ft5 IGVGWG73 Ig`[yut fr lf6.k - jhÓ lgtg`4 ig`[yut fr igrig[j y`xo cj6 i`[yut jhÓ5 Egv] fr Jr`gv-nj tgrjh ft tkg[yut5 Xyu my hf`rh fr wy`w`yut4 jri jt ]guh jhÓhj] xyu`r -5 F`ghj8 mfb5 VYUXG73 F`ghj65 Jhcj6h f`ghj4 Igvgwg85 Y` 39

f`iwf=iyuf6n - lydjr4 y` f8u dgdgpjh ft yu3 byut g;`fn4 f8u rky`ykj6h5 Y` l-h] x`g lg3 tg` -n g;`fnyu kf= cyuhf6t5 Mf¨b f`ghj4 mf¨b5 Y`yslfkfu xyu -n h`g ;-r ;gkgr,gh yuhfr tjgvh5 IGVGWG73 Fu gvr;-r4 h.gho5 VYUXG73 ¡}h]yug[¢5 Xyu jhÓ lg`igx`yut fr gh]hf6n rgltgho5 G`x-6h5 Tj mjc -n4 Igvgwg84 tj mjc -n lgtef`j`5 Egv] 0dhj8` jhÓ4 j r-` Grk[yv4 0dhj8`5 IGVGWG73 Jhcy6s 0dhft4 bgug8ir5 Vyu.j8` jhÓ5 VYUXG73 Gvx;-r vgtg/ thg84 tj ohihj` jt iy;kyupfgh g/ga4 y`;-rbj ohxxjtyupfgh ydj [hyuj jt t-a4 fu fr csg,fhgt rgltghh gh]3 hfnyu5 Sg,fhyut ft gh]hfn4 Igvgwg84 sg,f3 hyut ft777 fk sf`]`yu wy=f`o5 IGVGWG73 Gh]j8`4 y`xj8r5 P- c- l/yt-g]jh io sf`g]hj tfb5 Fp- sf`g]hj4 my kg/g;ghmh gvnfur ;-km cj njhj yc ymj5 VYUXG73 ¡Rg/o¢5 Yut y` t0kfhgt yu lgt3 eyu`ft4 xg -n io njhj h.gho777 ¡Efto thyut xgkg`i5 Gvngvnyug[ vgvkhuyut - rgkghgh fu t0kfhyut eftg/gamjh¢5 RGKGHGV73 ¡Kgdhg;ys¢5 Vjryur Hgbys`f]j4 py= my lgv`o sigvj4 y` fr ycjhc cft pfngx`fn my g.gif`kjh777 hg jhmhyu`yvh dy`[f]4 g/gh] jt l`gtghj777 egv] y8s pfngx`f] h`gh4 y8s777 y6s ig`y= -` pfngx`fn eg]j jhÓhj] yu mfb3 hj]777 my tglo jhÓ ;-km c-4 lgrig]j8`4 xyu gvrkf= fr ;-km jhÓ4 jt iy=mjh777 grg8 jhÓ4 y6s tkgu tf` g`ghmo4 y6s ,]iyuf]4 y8s777 40

:GKIF~ F)PHF~Y~X <y`l`xguy` igt sf`ajh ohp`jmo5 M`jrkyro hrkg[ - f`ig`guyuh rf=ghj g/afu4 j` kgrhf`iyu g.gif`khf`j lfk5 M~JRKYR73 ¡Sf`]hyut - lg]o 0`lhyut4 ik`yut fu j` ‘'f/mys egzghyut g.gif`khf`jh¢5 G/-m4 if3 `-m4 gvr - jt tg`tjho5 ¡G;g rf=ghj s`gvj] sf`]hyut - egzgio¢5 <tf]-m eyny`x4 y`yslfkfu gvr - yu,kj jt g`juho4 y` Ófb lgtg` - lf=3 ug[5 :FK~YR73 Jhcy6u g`juh4 sg`xg;fk5 J6hc fr yubyut grfn5 M~JRKYR73 Rj`f]-m tjtfgh]4 jhc;-r fr Ófb rj`f]j5 Fp- tjtfgh] rj`-m4 x`ghys eyny`o i§j3 tghgh4 y` xyum jt g.gif`khf`h -m5 TGKP_YR73 Jri jhcy6u fr vgqg, gryut4 pngu - fr dhgt Ófbghj]4 jhcy6u fr ghohxlgk i`ihyut4 p- mjc zgtghgi - thg]fn5 M~JRKYR73 Q.tg`jk ft gryut Ófb4 y` ;jkj ngm fu ;jkj y=egm4 jri g.,g`lo yu`g, ;jkj njhj4 y`yslfkfu gkyut - jhÓ5 Xyum ;jkj k`kt-m4 egv] Óf` k`ktyupjuho yu`g,yupfgh ;jkj wy,yuj5 F`e ijho [hhxgef`yut -4 h`g lgtg` k`ktyupjuh -4 y`yslfkfu zgto lgrg[ -5 Egv] f`e tghigho [hj4 gvnfur cj vj.j hf3 =yupjuho9 yu`g,yupfgh ;gkqg/ys4 y` g.3 ,g`lyut tj tg`x gufng]gu5 ¡M`jrkyro lghxg`k sf` - ifhyut kf=j]4 lg3 hyut j` bdfrkhf`o4 d]yut dfkhjh fu4 tj r`ejc sf`]hfnys4 ig;yut t-amjh5 G;g eyny`j bg`tg]g[ lgvfg]mhf`j kgi4 ayu` - g[yut iyhmj t-a¢5 M~JRKYR73 Lgh-m Óf` i0.jihf`o5 ¡G.gif`k3 41

hf`o gh.g`z fh yu g;.g[¢5 Lgh-m4 lgh-m4 f`e Óf` yuryu]jch - gryut5 ¡Iyhmo t0kf]hyut - g.gif`khf`j] t-ijh4 xhyut h`g g/afu4 ykmf`o tk]hfn kgnjr iyhmj t-a yu riryut - nyughgn¢5 :FK~YR73 K-8`4 xy6u fr jt ykmf`o nyughyut5 M~JRKYR73 Jhc y` ghyut ft4 xyu vfkyv io lgrighgr5 :FK~YR73 Jt ykmf`o vgujkfgh cfr nyughgv4 K-8`5 M~JRKYR73 Fp- my ykmf`o cnyughgt4 jtg]j`4 y` jhÓ lfk tgr cyuhfr5 PYSTGR73 K-8`4 yc tjgvh jt ykmf`o4 gvnfu jt Óf/mf`h yu dnyu,o nyug85 M~JRKYR73 Nyug]yug[jh yu`j. egh ;-km c-4 egv] tjgvh ykmf`o nyugn4 mghj y` gtey=3 ayupfgte tgmyu` - hg5 Tgmyu` -m xyum4 egv] yc eyny`x5 :FK~YR73 Egv] c-6 y` kgrhf`iyurjr -n xyu fr ohk`fn4 K-8`5 M~JRKYR73 ¡>g`yuhgifnys nyugn vgay`x g.g3 if`kj ykmf`o¢5 Fr ft ohk`fn Ófb9 kgrhf`iyurjx4 egv] Ófbghj] t-io rgkghgv - yu tgkhjc5 TGKP_YR73 ¡Sg,f]g[¢5 Tjp-6 fr ft mfb tgkhfnyu4 K-8`5 M~JRKYR73 ¡R`ejcys cy`g]hyut - h`g ykmf`o¢5 Tg`xyu y`xjh io dhgv ork rgltghyug[j4 egv] sg8v gvh tg`xyuh4 yut Óf/mys io tgkhyuj5 VGIYEYR73 Xyu tfb eyny`jr rkj;yut fr igrig[fn j`g`777 VYSLGHH_R73 Tfhm tj ohkghjm fhm f=fn tjhcfu ljtg777 M~JRKYR73 Lgtef`-m4 bgugihf`r4 lgtef`-m777 42

mjc thg]777 ¡Nruyut - x`gh eg,y]¢5 Eg8] g`-m4 tj8 sg,f]-m4 fr xf/ ig`q zgtghgi Ófb lfk ft5 ¡G.gif`khf`j] t-io dhyut - eg]fnyu xyu/o¢5 M~JRKYR73 ¡>g`yuhgifnys ykhnyugh¢5 Tg`xyu y`xjh ;-km - .gk cg`cg`yuj fu tf`zyuj gvr rf`hxj]5 Fu jhc;-r f=gu Hyvj 0`ys4 gvh;-r -n io njhj fu tg`xyu y`xyu 0`ys5 Yukyut -jh4 ,tyut4 ijh -jh g/hyut fu tg`xyu -jh dhyut4 lfkfuyut cg` ,y`lyu`xhf`j9 dy=yupjuh4 r;g3 hyupjuh4 gdglyupjuh4 cg`yupjuh4 hfhdyupjuh4 tjhcfu gvh 0`o4 f`e Hyvo kg;gh tkgu4 fu a`lf=f=o figu yu eyny`jh iy`rkfgh tgkhf]5 Hyvh Ófuys - njhfnyu gvh 0`h -n4 f`e tg`xyu y`xjh - vgvkhyufnyu5 TGKP_YR73 ¡Hy`j] hyvh kghagnj lg`]o¢5 Tjp-6 fr ft tgkhfnyu4 K-8`5 M~JRKYR73 Xyum gt-hmx gvr dj.f` jt ;gk3 qg/ys dgvpgi=yufnyu -m4 bj d`yug[ -4 plysjujh ;jkj lg`yug[ft4 fu l0kj yc,g`hf`o ;jkj ]`yufh5 :FK~YR73 Fr cft dgvpgi=yuj4 K-8`5 :gk`grk ft mfb lfk dhgn f8u eghk4 f8u j tgl5 M~JRKYR73 Q.tg`jk ft gryut mfb4 y` gvr dj.f`4 tjhcfu gmg=g=j ighco9 f`fm ghdgt ;j3 kj jhÓ yu`ghgr5 :FK~YR73 ¡Sj`guy`yug[¢5 Rg g/gajh ghdgth -4 y` vghxdhyut ft igrig[fn my ,0rmjh4 K-8`5 M~JRKYR73 F`fm ghdgt777 tjhcfu gmg=g=j ighco777 ¡Gvh g.gif`ko9 Vgiyeyro4 y` dhg]fn -` xyu/o eg]fnyu4 .kg; sf`gxg/hyut -¢5 VGIYEYR73 My tgv`h yu f=egv`hf`o x`ryut 43

ighdhg[ fh fu yubyut fh mfb lfk ,0rfn5 M~JRKYR73 Y6s - jt tgv`o fu ysmf6` fh jt f=egv`hf`o5 VGIYEYR73 ¡Clgrighgnys¢5 My tgv`h -4 sg`3 xg;f8k4 fu my f=egv`hf`o5 M~JRKYR73 ¡}yv] kgnys j` g.gif`khf`jh¢5 G3 lgugrji jt tgv`o fu jt f=egv`hf`o4 bj ys Grk[yv igtmh - igkg`yut4 hg - jt f=egv`o fu myv`o fu tgv`o5 ¡Vgiyeyr .wypglg` p0puyut - yurf`o fu hrkyut j` kf=o¢5 M~JRKYR73 ¡Pystgrjh¢5 Djkft4 p- ljtg jhc fr wrwryut Tgkp-yrj gighajh5 1K-8`4 jhÓ l`gtgh kyu` 3 grg]j` tj 0`43 y` dhgt jt l0`o pg=ft25 Yu fr gvr;-r ;gkgr,ghf]j7 1Xyu jt fkfuj] g`j fu pyvn kyu`4 y` tf/fn3 hf`o pg=fh j`fh] tf/fnhf`jh25 Qj6.x -5 PYSTGR73 Gvy84 yuryu]j8c4 fr gvx -j ;gk3 tyut jt Tgkp-yr f=e0`o777 ¡M`jrkyro t0kfhyut - Vyuxgvjh fu riryut - h`g ykmf`o nyughgn¢5 M~JRKYR73 Tj8 whk/-m4 p- j6hc -m yukfnyu fu jhc -m ,tfnyu4 y`yslfkfu gvx gt-hmo lfpg3 hyrhf`h fh whk/yut5 Hgvf]-m gd/guhf`jh4 y`yhm yc rf`tghyut fh fu yc lhÓyut4 y`yhm yc .kftg`ghhf` yuhfh fu yc gteg`hf`5 ¡Vyuxg3 vjh4 ig`[fr ghig;¢5 3 Ghlhg` - f8u Grk[yuh [g/gvfn4 f8u Tg3 tyhgvjh5 ¡G;g9 xg`'’fgn eyny`jh¢5 Egv] Grkyug[ if`g3 i`yut - h`gh]4 y`mgh fur g/gufn Ófb4 y` .gk gufnj vg`dj -m4 mgh p/cyuhhf`o5 Whk/f]-m Grk[yv g`mgvyupjuho fu gvx gt-ho io k`yuj Ófb5 ¡Vyuxgvjh4 igtg]¢5 Ljtg jhc y` ghfnyu 44

fr4 jriy8vh g`g5 ¡Vyuxgh4 ig`[fr tgdhjrg]g[4 sf` - ifhyut fu4 nyurhykj htgh4 ey;ji yu==uyut x-;j xyu/o¢5 M~JRKYR73 I0.jihf`x4 k=g8r777 ghÓ`fu x`ryut777 ¡Hyvh nyurhykj htgh9 Vyuxgh sf`gxg/3 hyut - fk4 dfkhj] sf`]hyut i0.jihf`o4 egv] .wyp3 tyuhmj] cj lgdhyut4 gvn 'f/mo e/hg[4 eyny`j bg`tg]g[ lgvfg]mhf`j yu=fi]yupfgte4 i`ijh yu=3 =uyut x-;j xyu/o fu xyu`r dhyut5 G.gif`khf`o wrwryut fh j`g` gighaj¢5 :FK~YR73 J6hc grg] h`gh yuryu]jco777 TGKP_YR73 F`fuj dhyuthf`j yu=g`if]5 PYSTGR73 Egv] dghÓghgio csf`]`f] j` lfk5 VGIYEYR73 Grg]4 dhg8 tj egh kyu` g=mgk3 hf`jh777 M~JRKYR73 ¡Ghr;grfnj4 byuk tg`xigvjh pyhys¢5 Lydjr k,yu` - tglyu cgw5 ¡Hg sf`]hyut dfkhjh d]g[ j` bdfrkhf`o4 lgdhyut fu xg`’'fgn hrkyut rf=ghjh¢5 Djk-6m jhcyu nyug]j Óf` yk3 mf`o5 Xyum jhÓ Sg`xg;fk fu K-` -m iycyut7 f8u qj.x -m ghyut4 mghj y` jrig;-r f8u Sg`3 xg;fk ft4 fu K-`5 Fp- fr9 K-`r yu Sg`3 xg;fkr4 nyug]j Óf` ykmf`o4 xyum -n ;g`3 kguy` -m tjtfgh] ykmf`o nyughgn5 )`jhgi ]yv] kyuj Ófb4 y` jhc fr g`f]j9 xyum -n gh-m5 PYSTGR73 Fr sg,fhyut ft4 K-8`777 jhcy6u lydjx k,yu` tglyu cgw777 M~JRKYR73 Hf=yupfgh 0`f` ;jkj njhfh4 y`;jrjm cfh f=fn f`efm g`g`cgdy`[yupfgh ribej] tjh3 cfu 0`r5 Ryuk m`jrkyrhf` fu ryuk tg`dg`-hf` ;jkj fnhfh9 tyny`f]hfnyu h;gkgiys4 fp- lhg` njhj9 hyvhjri ohk`fgnhf`jh5 Bdyv. f=-m4 bdy¨v.5 ¡X`gh yuzdjh eg,y]hf`5 Eyny`o lg`]gigh t-i 45

j`g` fh hgvyut4 t-i9 M`jrkyrjh¢5 M~JRKYR73 ¡Gcmf`o x-;j f`ijhm eg`’'`g]`g[4 lgtg`fg dy/gnys¢5 Lg8v`4 lgrfn - zgto4 wg/g3 uy`j` my Y`xyuh4 y`;-rbj my Y`xjh -n mfb wg/guy`j5 G`xg8` lgv`4 fr qghgcf]`j tg`x3 igh] my ghyuho4 y`;-rbj gvh r-`o4 y`ys jhÓ rj`f]j`4 h`gh] t-a njhj fu fr9 eyny`j t-a5 ¡Gvhyulfkfu kgdhg;ys f`frj s`gv ohihyut dfkhjh4 m`kjhmo [y`yut - qgikj]4 fu hg eg]gdghcyut -7 1)dhj8` jh'’4 lg8v`25 G;g riryut - af`tf/ghx g=0pfn5 G.gif`khf`o sg,f]g[ hgvyut fh h`gh¢5 3 Fu xy6u4 Sg`xg;f8k777 ¡Tjhcfu gkgthf`o bjhyug[ tj ,yute bjh3 uy`hf` hf`,yuzyut fu .`ag;gkyut fh M`jrkyrjh yu h`g g.gif`khf`jh5 Eyny`o vghig`[gijj fig[4 gigtgv ykmj fh ighdhyut5 Kj`yut - mg` n/yu3 pjuh¢5 ¡Tkhyut - Vyuxgh4 x-tmjh ghy`y. tj z;jk4 'f/mjh9 j` i0.jihf`o yu -nj nyurhykj ;-r4 ykg3 ey;ji t0kfhyut - M`jrkyrjh4 tj ;gl tkglyd ighd g/hyut4 ig`[fr vj.fnyu lgtg`4 p- jhcy6u fifn fu g;g777 lgteyu`yut h`gh5 M~JRKYR73 ¡Mjc g/gayugv kgdhg;j] lfkm cj thg]fn4 ,g=g= yu lghdjrk¢5 3 Vyuxg84 lgteyu3 `fny6s fr tgkhyut tg`xyu Y`xyuh5 SG~GDYV~

46

TGRH F~I~Y~X :GKIF~ YUPF~Y~X M~JRKYR73 Vyuxg84 lgteyu`fny6s fr tgkhyut tg`xyu Y`xyuh5 ¡Vyuxgh4 vjtg` tj z;jk x-tmjh4 yurf`h p0puyut¢5 BJHYUY~HF~J :FK73 Xy6u fr Dgnjnjg]j Vj3 ryuro5 M~JRKYR73 ¡Hgvfnys .yu`ao¢5 3 Gvr - Óf` zgto fu ,gug`j pgdguy`yupjuho5 BJHYU~HF~J :FK73 Rg8 -4 rg84 e/h-8m x`gh777 ¡Bjhyuy`hf`o pgwuyut fh M`jrkyrj s`gv5 Hg ribeyut igkg=j xjtgx`yut -4 vfkyv4 vghig`[ lg.kyug[4 pyvn - kgnjr4 y` pfuf`o ;jhx yny`fh5 Tj ;gl kj`yut - ,y` n/yupjuh4 fu eyny`o bg`3 tg]g[ hgvyut fh df`yug[ M`jrkyrjh¢5 TGKP_YR73 ¡Yu.mj dgnys¢5 3 L`g8.m g`g4 Yu3 ryu]jc4 tj8 py=4 y` mfb e/hfh777 M~JRKYR73 ¡I.kgteghmys9 g.gif`khf`j f`frjh¢5 Gvh egzgio4 y` Lgv`h - jhÓ kyufn4 c;jkj6 ,tft5 ¡G.gif`khf`o vyurg,ge hgvyut fh j`fh] Yuryu]jcjh5 Tj mghjro ghhigk [niyut fh¢5 TGKP_YR73 J6hc f=gh my l`g.mhf`o4 Sg`3 xg;fk777 ¡Cy`r iy=tj] lgtg`fg ;glghafnys¢5 3 L`g.m g`g4 l`g8.m777 TGKP_YR73 Fp- l`g.m cfr ig`y= ghfn777 ¡Lghyut - ryu`o4 vg`'’giuyut M`jrkyrjh e/hg[ bjhyuy`hf`j s`gv fu h`gh]j] t-ij gighao ik`yut5 Bjhyuy`o y/hyut - ]guj] fu '‘f/mo kghyut ik`yug[ 47

gighajh5 Tjur bjhyuy`hf`h yubyut fh vg`'’giyufn Tgkp-yrj s`gv4 egv] M`jrkyro lg.kyupfgte g3 bgkyut - pfuf`o fu ‘'f/mj .g`zyutys ighdhf]hyut h`gh]5 G;g ryu`o kghyut - sj`guy` bjhyuy`j g3 ighajh4 fu eyny`j gcmj g/afu l`g.m - igkg`uyut5 Bjhyuy`o4 .yuhco g`x-h kf=h ohig[4 bg`tghmys .0.gwyut - eyuzyug[ gighao¢5 TGKP_YR73 Mf8b lgtg` l`g.m g`g4 yuryu]j8c4 mf8b lgtg`4 y8c yu`j.j777 M~JRKYR73 Ryu`x kf=o xj`4 y`yslfkfu ys ryu` - sf`]hyut4 r`ys -n i§ohihj5 SJ~GUY~YUG{ BJHYUY~73 ¡Yu.mj dgnys¢5 Hg ig,g`x -4 zy=ysy8u`x777 rgkghgv - hrkg[ r`g t-a777 rysy`gigh tg`xo jhc;-6r ig`y= -` ik`yug[ gighao sf`gifhxghg]hfn777 ¡Fu gtfhj] dgbgbg[ hg - dy/yut¢5 E/h-m4 cpy=h-m wg,cj777 GTEY<73 Rgkghgv -4 rgkghgv777 ;jhx eo/3 h-m777 xfu - ,nyuonyut h`g t-a5 ¡Gtey,o wy`'’yut - vg`'’giyufn M`jrkyrj s`gv5 Bjhyuy`hf`o fk fh t=yut h`gh]5 M`jrkyro dn,j3 iy` ighdhg[ -4 gcmf`o dfkhjh vg/g[4 ‘'f/mf`o gm]ghj t-a¢5 SJ~GUY~YUG{ BJHYUY~73 ¡Bgv`yvpj] f/ dgnys¢5 Y8s - kfrfn4 y` ik`yug[ gighao ifhxghghgv777 kfrgm4 c-64 yh] -` g`juho [y`yut777 nrf]jm4 c-64 yh] -j ]guj] y/hyut5 ¡Kfrhfnys Yuryu]jcj ghb0`yupjuho4 thg]g[ g.g3 if`khf`o4 sg,f]g[4 t-i g/ t-i [nifn fh tjurhf`j ;-r5 M`jrkyro ghcg` fu k,yu` z;kyut - h`gh] fkfuj]¢5 M~JRKYR73 Ig`[yut -m cf6t ig`y= jt L0`h g=gcfn4 y` jhÓ lgtg` gvrkf= lgr]hj l`f.3 kgihf`j gufnj mgh kgrhf`iyu dhxf`5 Lg;g -n 48

jhc;-6r ;jkj igkg`yu-jh d`yug[mhf`o4 pgvr;-r ;-km - njhj5 BJHYUY~HF~J :FK73 Y6ut lfk fr ,0ryut5 Cf6r kfrhyut4 y` tg`x cj thg]fn5 VYUXG73 Fr gvrkf= ft4 Yuryu]j8c777 tjgvh fr ft thg]fn my g.gif`khf`j]777 BJHYUY~HF~J :FK73 ¡M`jrkyrjh¢5 G/ga ohij`4 egugigh - jhcmgh ,0rf]j`5 ¡Bjhyuy`hf`o M`jr3 kyrj pfuf`j] e/hg[ yubyut fh kghfn h`gh¢5 VYUXG73 ¡Gcmf`o ljughxgdjh wgvnyut fh¢5 Tj8 hf=g]j`4 Yuryu]j8c4 my tjur g.gif`khf`o mfb sgk egh cfh g`fn4 x`g lgtg` -n cfh ig`y= mfb rj`fn777 ¡Vghig`[ bgv`yvpys yu sj`guy`gh3 mys¢5 Fr -n ft mfb gryut4 l`g.m g`g4 Yuryu3 ]j8c4 ]yv] kyu` r`gh] my yuzo777 ¡M`jrkyro4 y` g`x-h lgrfn - x`gho4 .`auyut fu z;kyut Vyuxgvjh¢5 M~JRKYR73 Dhg84 Vyuxg777 xyu gvnfur ghf3 njm cyuhfr777 ¡G;g pyvn - kgnjr4 y` bjhyuy`hf`o mg`. kgnys kghfh j`fh¢5 VYUXG73 ¡Kfhxgdjh ydfuy`yupfgte¢5 Fr dgnjr ft my fkfuj]4 Yuryu]jc777 kf8r4 tjgvh fr ft dgnjr4 tjg¨vh fr777 :GKIF~ JHHF~Y~X Vyuxgh yc p- tkhyut4 gvn hf`,yuzyut - rfh3 fgi4 '‘f/mj dgh'’ghgio d]yut rf=ghjh4 d`iyut ihyao4 g;g mgl3mgl [j[g=fnys4 0x eg`'’`g]hyut h`gh5 VYUXG73 ¡Vg=pgigh eg]gdghcfnys¢5 Hg sg,f3 ]g[ -`4 ij8h777 f`ijhmo sigv4 .gk -` sg,f3 ]g[777 ¡Ydf.hcyug[4 df`gdyvh lgqyvm rkghgnys j` 49

gt-h tj eg/j]¢5 M`kjhmo qgigkj] [y`yut -` g`fgh igpjnhf`j ;-r9 .jp3.jp dfkjh pgwyuf3 nys777 dyvho p/fn -` f`frj]777 fr kfrhyut -j4 p- rj`ko jhc;-r -` pw`kyut i`[mj kgi777 lg;g Óf/mf`o4 Óf/mf`o4 y6h] -jh xy=yut4 Grkyug8[ jt777 IJH73 Jri jhcy6u fr yu`g,g]fn yu`j.j kg/g3 ;ghmys5 VYUXG73 Y`yslfkfu4 vjtg8` ijh4 jhc;-6r cfr lgrighyut4 hyvho fr io njh-j777 fr -n sg,j] io iy`]h-j jhÓ777 -n y6u` thg]jh h`g ,0rmf`o4 y`yh] [gh`yupfgho mg`h -n c-` xjtghyut777 Y6u` thg] h`g jhmhgsrkglyupjuho777 hg gvh3 mgh lg`gbgk -` jhÓ j` kg/g;ghmj t-a777 gvhmgh lgtgi`fnj -`9 jhÓ yu mfb htghyufnys777 gvh;-r -` g=gcyut Eg`Ó`fgnjh4 0dhyupjuh g3 =f`ryut777 yu fr hy`j] rj`f]j h`gh777 y`yslfkfu hg sf`ag;-r jhÓ pyvn kyuf] hy`j] ,=qgn777 fr h`gh ,nf]j Grk[yu] fu tfb sf`gxg`Ó`j777 h`g t-a gvnfur yc tj g/f=[yug[ cig`777 fr ig`0k kfrgv h`g gcmf`yut777 jhÓ -` ig`0kfn4 jt htghhf`jh777 j` t0`h yu f=egv`hf`jh -` ig`0kfn777 hg jt f=egv`h -` gvx ;gljh777 IJH73 Ng8u4 lghdrkg]j8`777 qg. xhft4 if`777 VYUXG73 J6hc qg.4 j6hc qg.777 bbuyut ft4 f`e kfrhyut ft4 p- jhc iyiji - ljtg my rfhfg3 io777 g/gayughh gufnj jt r`kysh -`777 dyhmy ifghmh -` ;gktyut jhÓ4 jri ljtg ;gk3 tfnyu egh cyuhj777 IJH73 Yuhj5 Fp- clgrig]g`4 p- y8ut lgtg` - xg g`yug[4 jhc grft mfb777 ¡Vyuxgh ljugh3 xgdjh f/ghxys cy`r iy=to ,g/hyut - j`g` fu kyuho xg`'’hyut guf`gi¢5 50

VYUXG73 G8v4 ljtg g`x-h rg jt yu my kyuhh -5 Jri gvh t-io9 yc ymj777 IJH73 ¡Tf=t¢5 T-i -4 fr mfb io rysy`f]hft4 io rkj;ft rysy`fn ikyu`j kgi g;`fn4 mhfn wgwyui ghiy=hyut4 tgmyu` rgughhf`j s`gv777 jt ,f¨=q Vyuxg777 fr io lrift my myuho4 g3 igha io xhft my ,0rmf`jh4 y`yslfkfu dyu]mhjx t-a grfr gvh4 jhc ]f`fio pgm]hyut fr yc tjgvh jhÓghj]4 gvnfu9 jhmx mfbhj]777 fr mfb gt-h g/gu0k io ;gktft my tgrjh777 VYUXG73 J6hcf` fr ,0ryut4 g8v ijh777 fu gvx j6hc gh[gh0p nfbyuys777 fe`gvf`-8h ,0rj`4 fe3 `gvf`-h5 IJH73 Xyu f6`e fr jhÓ ghyuhys iycfnyu5 VYUXG73 Ghyuho ,geighm -4 ij8h777 jhcy6u fr yubyut ,gefn jhÓ777 IJH73 ¡Vgtg/0`-h¢5 Lghj8`4 nyugt .y`f`x77 yubyut fr4 ayu` xhft ny=g]j`777 clgtg`Ógiyufr VYUXG73 Clgtg`Ógiyufr777 qg. fwfn4 .y`f`r nyughgn4 ny=ghgnyu lgtg` ayu` kgmg]hfn777 clgtg`Ógiyuf8r777 IJH73 J6hc f=gu mfb4 -nj j8hc rgkghgv tkgu t-ax777 VYUXG73 Djkft4 xyu -n fr [yu=gi ng`yut jt x-t777 xyu -n fr yubyut jhÓ qgljqo d]fn777 .yukys f`f,ghf` i§yubfhgr jhÓhj]4 io .g`fr j`g` fkfuj]4 gvhmgh .gk4 y` io ,g/hfr g3 hyuhhf`o777 ys djkj4 dyu]- ;glghafr g.,g3 kghmj n[yufn4 xg/hgn 0`jhgifnj gtyurjh777 IJH73 J6hc - ;gkglfn mfb5 VYUXG73 Ycjhc cj ;gkglfn jhÓ5 Yu`j.jh ;gkglfn4 ij8h4 yu`j.jh777 IJH73 Grg84 j6hc - ;gkglfn5 51

¡Vyuxgh wnuyut - gpy/jh4 ydfuy`yupjuho wriyut - ghtjag;-r4 ,f=qg]g[ p0puyut - yurf`o4 i[io3 uyut4 xg/hyut - tj eyu/¢5 VYUXG73 Jhcy6u grg]4 y` -n ghfnjm cyuhft fr777 fu jhcy6u h`gh i`ihf]j` xyu777 ¡K,yu` mot3 [j[g=¢5 R;jkgi rgughhf`777 tjp-6 gvxmgh ig`q -` qgtegh777 ¡Ykmj - ighdhyut4 gcmf`j t-a kgh3 agnj tj lg`]gigh¢5 Yu`fth777 rgltghh gh]gv yu -nj6 rgltgh igv g/afuyut5 IJH73 ¡J` f`aghiyupfgte kg`yug[¢5 Gvr wy=h gvnfur ;-km cj h`gh5 VYUXG73 J6hc wy=5 IJH73 Gvh4 jhc dghÓghgiyut -777 -n jhcj6 h`gh ;-km777 tfhm x`ghys ig`y= fhm lghdjrk g;`fn dyh- tj kg`j777 VYUXG73 ¡<gvpyug[j ;-r¢5 Xyu -n fr yubyut4 y` fr tgkhjc xg/hgt777 eyny`x ghlgtef` x`gh -m r;gryut777 eyny`x x`gh -m x`xyut jhÓ777 ¡Dgh'’ghgio ;yiyut - rf=ghj]4 xhyut pfuj kgi¢5 Fr rg io vghÓhft h`g g.gif`khf`j] yut y` ;gkglj5 ¡X-;j xyu/o¢5 Fr xf/ gvhmgh egh yuhft ghfnyu4 Vf.yug777 jrij tkmysx -n cj gh]hyut777 ¡Dgh'’ghgio '‘f/mjh xyu`r - p/cyut khj]¢5 :GKIF~ KGRHF~Y~X Lf`ysx-r pgdguy`j dglgr`glo5 Lf`ysx-r fu Igvgwg5 Igvgwg hgvyut - ;gkyulghj]5 IGVGWG73 Vjtg`hf8`4 lgbg` ghdgt grg]j9 kg`-m yu=j= :j=gkyrj t0k4 egv] -nj gvrkf= fh ef`yut5 LF~YSX_R73 Ljhd 0` - thg]fn mglghgvg;f3 52

kyupfghx zgti-kj gug`kjh4 jri xyu mfb gvh3 ;-r fr ;glyut4 ig`[fr hy` fr n[yufn ;g`kg3 ighyupfghx5 IGVGWG73 Y`;-rbj f`e zgti-kh gh]hj4 jtghgt4 y` ,=qj ;g`km cyuhft gh]fgnyut5 LF~YSX_R73 Y6`h - my ,=qj ;g`kmo5 Vjryurj tg6lo5 IGVGWG73 ¡Tynf/ghx lgugkys¢5 Jr`gv-njh hy` yurtyuhm ;-km c-5 Gt-h hy` yurtyuhm wy`Óghm io ef`j tg`xigh]5 Io ;=ky`j f`i`j ghxy``o5 F`i`jh gughxyvphf` fh ;-km4 ly=j t-a ;jhx ,`yug[ g`tgkhf`5 L/yto x`rj] io iy`[ghj tfb4 hy` sg`xg;fkyupjuho9 hf`rj]5 LF~YSX_R73 Jhc - rkg]uyut4 Igvgwg84 y` gtey,h yu tj tg`xo lgugrg`uy6ut fh5 Dyu]hyvhjri tj tg`x gufnj6 .gk -4 mgh gtey,o5 Cft rj`yut gvx;jrj tg`xigh]4 fr hg,ohk`yut ft rysy`gigh pyugeghyupjuho5 Jhcy6u fr hg3 vyut gvx;-r5 Yubyut fr grfn4 y` pgdguy6`h -n gufnj .gk - gtey,j]5 Egv] fr jhc pg3 dguy` ft4 Igvgwg4 pgdguy`o Kjef`jyrh -5 Fr bg`x ft4 pghig`z-m tj bg`x4 gvhmgh pgh3 ig`z-m4 y` ;jkghj c- gtfh0`fgv dy`[g[yu3 pfgh lgtg`5 Jri fr dy`[g[yufn ft yubyut4 Igvgwg5 F`fuj x`g lgtg` -n dn,gkfn kyuj Vyslghh-r Ti`kcjh4 y`;-rbj dyh- jhmr jhÓ dy`[g[fnj xg`Óhft5 Vghyuh x`g fr hyvhjri tf=m dy`[f]j4 y`o xyu hf`f]j` jhÓ5 IGVGWG73 Gvr t-io cft hf`j4 K-8`5 P-iyub tj zgt -n thgv jt mglghgvg;fkyupfgh gug`3 kjh5 LF~YSX_R73 R;ghhj` gvx tg`dg`-jh4 Igvg3 wg84 py= .g`mj] g/ga cohihj5 Tfb ;-km -4 53

y` eyny`o .g`mj t-a njhfh5 ¡Dhyut -¢5 ¡Egi - tkhyut M`jrkyro9 bjhyuy`hf`j tglgi3 hf`ys bjhyug[ gtey,j yu=fi]yupfgte5 H`gh] fkfuj] dgnjr - :fk`yro4 tjghyut ,g`yvij .yu`a lgugmyuy= tglgiguy` tg`xigh]5 M`jrkyro fu bjhyuy`hf`o tkhyut fh g`myuhjm5 <g`yvij .yu`ao lgugmyug[ ;g/gu ighgh]j] t-io yu.gxj` hgvyut - :fk`yrjh¢5 :G?GU IJH73 Fr mfb qghgcf]j777 xyu -n dg3 njnjg]j Vjryurj lfk -j`777 :FK~YR73 ¡Sg,f]g[¢5 Jhcf` fr ,0ryut4 g8v ijh777 fr h`gh g/gajh ghdgt ft kfrhyut777 :G?GU IJH73 Egv] xyu h`g g.gif`khf`j] cf6r777 :FK~YR73 Xyu jhÓ yu`j.j lfk fr .wypyut777 gryut fh9 h`g g.gif`khf`o wg,fn fh sg3 ,j]777 xyu yu`j. kf= whk/j` h`gh]777 ¡:gngkyut¢5 IGVGWG73 Xy6u fr M`jrkyro5 M~JRKYR73 Jri xyu mglghgvg;fk Igvgwg6h5 IGVGWG73 Clgtg`Ógiyufr lg`] kgn5 Lg`] tjgvh fr ig`y= ft kgn5 Xyu grfn fr4 y` Grk[yv kyuho ig`y= fr mghxfn fu f`fm 0`yugv t-a sf`g.jhfn5 Grf6n fr5 M~JRKYR73 Lfpghyrhf`h jhÓ eg/g]j fh lgrighyut tj.k5 IGVGWG73 Fp- mghxyut fr yu sf`g.jhyut4 h.ghgiyut -9 l`-j] Grk[yv kyuhh fr yubyut sf`g]hfn fu wy,g`-ho lgtohxlghyu` Grk[yv kyuho ig/yu]fn5 M~JRKYR73 Fr tg`thj kgqg`j tgrjh ,0rf]j5 IGVGWG73 Gvx j6hc hy` sg`xg;fkyupjuh fr 54

mg`ybyut zy=ys`xjh4 jhcy6u fr ;=ky`yut tg`x3 igh] tkmf`o5 M~JRKYR73 Fr eg]gvgvk ,0rf]j g.,g`ljh5 Fr tj.k yuryu]ghfn ft zy=ysg`ghyut fu kgqg`j t-a4 yu` lgugmuyut -jh eyny` l`fghf`o4 fr [g[yui ycjhc cft ,0rfn5 JhÓ jhcy6u fr lg`] yu wy`Ó ghyut5 Lg`] yu wy`Ó g`g h`gh]4 ysmf` nrfn fh jhÓ5 ¡Igvgwgh4 bgv`yvpj] w`w`g[4 g;kgiyut h`gh¢5 IGVGWG73 Gvx;-6r fr ;gkgr,gh kgnjr mg3 lghgvg;fkjh5 M~JRKYR73 Fp- sgk ,0rf]j4 sigvj` sgkj tgrjh4 jri fp- ngu9 jhÓ jhcy6u fr ,wyut5 IGVGWG73 Xyu jhmx ,yrkysghf]j`4 y` ,0rmx yu==fn fr g.,g`ljh5 Yc p- gbdjh4 gvn g.3 ,g`ljh5 Jt yu my kg`ef`yupjuhh gvh -4 y` fr jt gbdj i`0hh ft mg`ybyut4 jri xyu9 ohx3 lgh`g;-r tg`xyu5 Jto dyhd`-x tg`xyu - yu=3 =yug[9 Jr`gv-n f`i`j ehgicjh4 jri myho9 eyny3 `jh4 fu glg p- jhcyu9 yc ymj5 M~JRKYR73 Tg`xo gt-h kf= tg`x -4 iyu.k njhj p- rysg[4 gbhju p- rky`4 r;jkgi tg.iys p-9 pyu,777 IGVGWG73 Cigv tg`x g`g`g[ ohxlgh`g;-r5 Igv l`fgv4 l/yt-g]j4 fdj;kg]j777 igh lhj] fiy=4 gbd ;gly= gughxhf`4 igv gbdj vj.y=yu3 pjuh4 y` xyu yubyut fr g`tgkg,jn ghfn5 M~JRKYR73 Tg`xji f=egv`hf` fh4 j8hc gbdyu3 pfgh -n ;gkighfh5 IGVGWG73 Fp- r`ghm my i`0hh ohxyuhfh4 io xgxg`fh l`fgv njhfnyu]5 G/gh] gvx -n lgbg` yu tj skghd - ig,yug[ f`i`j dn,jh4 egv] 55

xg yuzj fu b-hmj skghdh -4 xyu tkmj skghd fr ef`yut4 r`j] -n tf[ skghd5 Fr yubyut ft4 y` tf/hfnjr4 xyu lgtybyug[ njhfr4 y` g`xg` fr tglyugh xgkg;g`kyufn5 Igvgwgh ghtf= tg`xigh] lghxf`Ófgn g.,g`l cj yu=g`iyut5 M~JRKYR73 Py= njhj gvh4 jhc d`yug[ -5 IGVGWG73 Py= njhj gvh4 jhc f`i`jh 0dyuk -5 ¡Egi5 <g`yvij .yu`ao5 Tj d-` ijh wgvk ef`yut ,g`yvijh gufng]hfnyu4 gcmh ohihyut - :fk3 `yrj s`gv fu yu.gxj` bhhyut - h`gh¢5 D_~ IJH73 Rg -n Vjryur Hgbys`f]yu lfk -`5 :FK~YR73 F`xuyut ft4 fr gvx tg`xyuh cft qghgcyut777 D_~ IJH73 Egv] fr mfb kfrgv h`g lfk777 :FK~YR73 Fp- fr jhÓ cft kfrfn h`g lfk4 xy6u jhc;-r fr kfrfn5 ¡:gngkyut¢5 IGVGWG73 Qj6.x -4 y` xyu mfb l`fghf`j pgdguy` fr l/cgifn5 M~JRKYR73 Xyu fr gryut4 yc p- fr5 IGVGWG73 Egv] c-6 y` Jr`gv-no pgdguy` yuhj5 M~JRKYR73 Xyu -n fr jhÓ eg/g]j lgrighyut4 mglghgvg;fk5 Lf.kg]hyut fr my dy`[o5 IGVGWG73 ¡Ydf.hcyug[¢5 Fr mfb pyvn cft kgv tg`xigh] lydjhf`o ,/ysfn5 Mghj fr igt4 y8c tj 0kg`g[jh c;jkj ry=yrij gvr f`ij`o4 p-iyub tj zgt -n thgv jt j.,ghyupfgho9 fr jt zy=y3 s`xjh ;jkj w`ift mfbghj]5 Xyu 0dkuyut fr4 y` tg`xji ,gug`gtjk fh fu xju`glgugk4 y` tg`x g`g`g[jh mjc - gvh4 jhc jhmh yuhj4 mjc - j` f`aghiyupjuho4 mjc - j` lgugko4 h`g 56

lgtg` ngu - gvhkf=4 y`kf= tfhm cighm4 ngu - gvh jhc tfhm cyuhfhm4 jri yu`j.h yuhj5 Fr h`gh io rkj;ft dylghgn j` yuhf]g[ys4 y`ys3 lfkfu eyuh f`aghiyupjuho rysy`gighj4 g/0`-3 gighj4 t.kgighj i`ihyupjuhh -4 y` h`gh sor3 kglyupjuh - hf`.hcyut4 g;glysyupjuh4 lydyu ghxy``777 lg;g jhcy6u - Flysgh dj.f`j] vfkyv tfb tj.k ;g`dfuyut g/gu0ko4 gtg/yughj] vfkyv9 g.yuho4 vfkyv Ótf/4 vfkyv dg`yuh777 lg3 ;g jhcy6u - gvr t.khafhgigh vgay`xgighyu3 pjuho5 Y`yslfkfu x`g t-a - f`aghiyupjuho4 vjtg8` Hgbys`f]j4 gvr i`ihyupfgh777 Ljtg6 -n i§grfr4 y` Grk[yv Y`xjh fr4 ljtg6 -n777 M~JRKYR73 Xyu grg]j`4 p- fr ft5 Egv] ;j3 kj kfrh-m tg`xyu Y`xyuh9 hrkg[ j` l0` ga iy=tyut5 IGVGWG73 ¡Igkg=g[ ;gk/yut - j` ;gk3 tyuqgho¢5 3 _n jhcj6 fh ;-km tfb sighf`777 gt-hmx nrf]jm r`g lgvlyvyupjuho777 -n j6hc sig3 vyupjuh777 kg`-8m r`gh4 yu=j= iyurgignj t0k777 ¡M`jrkyrj dn,jh .y` fh d]yut4 lg`yug[hf` kf3 =yut cy`r iy=tj]4 l`yut x-;j xyu/o fu [g=`ghmys lg`]hyut7 1Tg`dg`-g]j8`4 y6s ,wf] mfb777 x-84 grg84 tfbhj] y6s ,wf]2¢5 Tkmj]x lghj`4 l/y3 t-g]j iyurgigno gvrmgh f`ig` cj ,0rj mfb lfk777 tglg;g`k - i§grj4 -n jhc ,0rft tglg3 ;g`kj lfk777 ¡Egi5 M`jrkyrjh xyu`r fh ef`fn dnyu,o [g[ig[ fu mg`. fh kgnjr x-;j iyurgignj hrkgsgv`o5 <g`yvij t0k hrkg[ tglgiguy` tg`xji sf` fh ifhyut fu lfkfuyut pgw0`jh5 H`gh] t-a - hgfu :fk`yro¢5 TJ TG~X PGW)~J}73 Jhcy6u fr tfb tjg]fn777 57

xyu h`g g.gif`khf`j] t-io cf6r777 ,0ryug[mj]x f`fuyut -4 y` xyu -n dgnjnjg]j fr777 :FK~YR73 Cft qghgcyut fr gvx tg`xyuh777 ¡L-h] gvx ;gljh ighcyut - gmg=g=o5 >y`o ohi3 hyut - M`jrkyrj dn,j]4 fu h`g yu :fk`yrj lgv3 fg]mhf`o tj ;gl lghxj;yut fh j`g`5 :fk`yro ]h]yug[ xyu`r - dgnjr gtey,j tjaj]4 mg.uyut tj tyup ghijuh fu xg/h0`-h g`kgruyut¢5 ¡:GNGK¢ ¡Igvgwgh ydfuy`yupjuhj] fu igkg=yupjuhj] xf/ lfuyut -5 Tkhyut - Lf`ysx-ro¢5 LF~YSX_R73 Igvgwg84 gryut fr9 xyu h`gh tglyugh xgkg;g`kf]j`4 y`;-rbj L/yto ciy`3 [ghj tf` f`ij`o5 IGVGWG73 Gvy84 k-` jt5 LF~YSX_R73 Igvgwg4 xyu h`g r;ghhyupfgh sqj/o kyuj`4 y`yslfkfu hy` yurtyuhmhf`o shgr fh ef`yut tg`xigh]5 IGVGWG73 Gvy84 k-` jt5 LF~YSX_R73 Fu ljhd 0`o c,ghdg`f]4 y` xyu igkg`fr jr`gv-ng]yu my ;g`kmo5 IGVGWG73 Gvy4 k-` jt5 LF~YSX_R73 Jri fr djkft4 Igvgwg84 y` tg`xji j`fh] eyny` i`mf`o b`glg;gkyut fh dg=gwg`hf`ys9 y`;-r i`mf`j g`xg`g]yut5 IGVGWG73 Jri y6`h - jt ij`mo4 g`mg8v5 J6hch - jhÓ x`xyut r;ghhyupfgh4 jt gbdj .glf`j] eg]j777 LF~YSX_R73 Hg,ghÓo4 Igvgwg4 rysy`gigh4 dfkhgkg`g[ hg,ghÓo4 y` xyu bg`xg`f]j` df=f]ji dg=gwg`hf`ys5 Hg,ghÓo4 hg,ghÓo5 IGVGWG73 Hg,g6hÓ777 y6ut lghx-;777 gvx p.yug/ tg`xy6u777 58

LF~YSX_R73 Gvx p.yug/ tg`xyu4 y`jh lgugkyut fh4 fkfuj] dhyut4 f`i`;gdyut5 Hg3 ,ghÓo4 Igvgwg84 hg,ghÓo5 IGVGWG73 Xyu byug`qghy6ut fr4 g`mg8v4 my ÓghÓ`y6vph fr wg`gkyut -nj5 LF~YSX_R73 _n y6ut lg.yujh4 Igvgwg84 fpyc lg`gbgk tg`xyu4 fp- yc my5 IGVGWG73 Lgrig]gv4 xyu h`gh xjktgte ef`fn kyuj`9 hg,mgh iyurgignj t0k yu=g`3 ifno777 LF~YSX_R73 Lg;g -n jhc;-6r jtghgvj4 p- ys - jt gbhju yu eg`f;g.k Igvgwgh5 IGVGWG73 Xyu g`x-h dy`[g[fnj6 fr xg/3 hyut777 jt lg.yuj6h777 ;gk`ghm - xg4 g`mg8v777 LF~YSX_R73 Gighajx 0= g`g4 Igvgwg84 jtg]g[ f=j`4 y` tj lydjh .gk tf[ pju -777 tj lydjh gt-h jhc -777 dhg84 gvr 0`h -n gh3 ]gu4 mfb thg] cy`r 0`777 :GKIF~ KGRHT_IF~Y~X ¡Rfhfgi5 Ijho fu Vyuxgh5 Vyuxgh4 rf=ghj t0k hrkg[4 ,tyut -5 Ijho4 rf=ghj tjur iy=tyut4 [h0ko vfhg[ gwjh4 grfr btgvnyug[ hgvyut - h`gh5 G/gh] xyu/o eg,fnyu tkhyut - rgkghgh5 Lgvfg]mo ]`yug[ - yu tkgtyny`¢5 RGKGHGV73 Tfb tfhgi py= Vyuxgvj lfk5 IJH73 Xyu y6s fr5 Y6s - rg4 y` jhÓ jt khj] xyu`r - m.yut5 Xyu qghgcy6ut fr r`gh4 Vyuxg85 VYUXG73 Rj`kr sigvyut -4 y` ;jkj qghgcft5 IJH73 Egv] y6s -777 VYUXG73 Dhg84 ij8h4 y`yslfkfu jhÓ puyut -4 59

y` ghlgtef` r;grfn ft gvr tg`xyuh5 IJH73 Y6s fr xyuh4 y` g/gh] xyu/o eg,f3 nyu yu`j.j kyuh fr tkhyut5 RGKGHGV73 G`g8 gvh4 jhc Vyuxgh grg] mfb5 ¡Ijho i`ijh lg`]gigh hgvyut - Vyuxgvjh5 Vyu3 xgh dn,ys - ghyut¢5 IJH73 Cpy=hfr ,tj5 ¡Ghqg`gi mhm.yupfgte¢5 G/ga ghlfkghyut -` 0`f`ys4 jri ljtg w-.j]r ;yi cj dgnjr5 Lg`eg[ .yuh777 ¡Dhyut -¢5 VYUXG73 Yu.gx`yupjuh tj8 xg`Ó`yu h`g ,0r3 mf`jh5 F`aghiyupjuhj] ,fnmo p/]`fn -5 RGKGHGV73 Xyu qghgcy6ut fr jhÓ5 VYUXG73 C-85 Egv] r;gryut -j mfb5 RGKGHGV73 Cfr lg`]hyut4 p- jhcy6u gvrmgh zgtghgi mfb cft gv]fnfn5 VYUXG73 Vyuxghf`o .gk fh4 jri xyu tj lydj fr5 F`fuj cfr lgr]hyut5 RGKGHGV73 Egv] Vjryuro jhÓ lgtg` fbgij -4 yu`fth9 fbgij fr hgfu xyu5 VYUXG73 ¡<gvpyug[¢5 Tkmysx cgh]hj tfb j3 `g` ig;fn5 Jhc y` g`fn ft4 l-h] h`g lgtg` ft g`fn4 y` l0kj] ghagkyuft5 Jri xyu jhÓ hy`j] l0kj t-a fr ,]iyut5 RGKGHGV73 Lghdj8rk4 Vyuxg84 lghdj8rk5 Fr nyu`a dy`[ys ft fifn4 yc p- b`yv]j5 VYUXG73 Io ,tf6r jhÓ lfk5 RGKGHGV73 Cft rj`yut ,tfn5 VYUXG73 Jri yu`j.hf`j6h jhcyu fr rkj;yut5 Jhcy6u fr pyvn kgnjr4 y` lg`eg[ pgugnyufh ]f,f`j t-a5 :g tf=m cf6h5 JhÓ jhcy8u fr pyvn kgnjr4 j¨hÓ5 RGKGHGV73 Yc tjgvh ,tfn4 gvnfu yu`j. .gk 60

eghf` -n ft pfngx`yut ghfn5 Xg l0 cj h.g3 hgiyut4 p- jhmr -n ;-km - hyvh eghh ghft5 VYUXG73 Xg f=gu g`xg`yupj6uh5 RGKGHGV73 G`xg`yupjuho xyu my Yuryu]cj] ;glghaj`5 VYUXG73 Xyu h`g lfk tj8 cgwyuj`4 Hg ryu`e -4 g.,g`lj gtfhgryu`e tg`xo5 Fr my pfngx`ghmys dy`[f]j4 egv] jtg]j`4 jt gtey=a lgtgi`ghmo h`g iy=th -5 RGKGHGV73 Fr -n fifn ft l-h] grfnyu4 y` jhc g`fn fr4 jhmx fr g`fn4 g/gh] jt tgr3 hgi]yupfgh5 VYUXG73 Lfmjgp tj8 ;gktj`5 JhÓ hyvhjri xyu` - dgnjr4 y` xyu tjgvh ;g`byuhgi cg`yu3 pfgh cfr t=yut tfb4 gvnfu f`efth lgtyb3 tyuhmhf` fr kgnjr4 lfkgm`mj` yu r`gtjk wy`3 Óyupjuhhf`j fr fhpg`iyut tg`xyuh4 xyu h`gh ohk`yupfgh gbgkyupjuh fr ohÓf/yut4 rgltgh fr d[yut h`g g/afu777 hg -n d[yut4 egv] d[yut -4 y`;-rbj cgh]hfr5 Jri xyu4 ohxlg3 ig/gio4 pyvn fr kgnjr4 y` fr jhmr y`y.ft9 gh]hf6t4 p-9 cgh]hft5 RGKGHGV73 Y6s mfb pfngx`f] tgkhfn Vjryu3 rjh5 Ng8u4 ng8u4 yc p- tgkhfn4 gvn rgltghh gh]hfn4 jhmx mfb rkyudfn5 Y6s pfngx`f]5 VYUXG73 Xy8u5 RGKGHGV73 ¡E/hyut - h`g 0'’jmj]¢5 Fr mfb ycjhc cft pfngx`fn5 Nry6ut fr4 ycj8hc5 Grg y6s5 VYUXG73 Y6s igv eg]j mfbhj] yu h`ghj]5 Hg eg]g/yug[ -4 f`iyurj] lghg[ t-i lgug3 rg` - t-ij4 yu`fth9 xyu5 RGKGHGV73 Fr cft pfngx`fn4 Vyuxg85 My k-`h -n djkj4 y` fr cft4 grg84 y6s5 61

VYUXG73 <f=xf]j`4 eg8] py=4 fp- yubyut fr ,0rft5 RGKGHGV73 Grg84 y8s4 y8s777 VYUXG73 Eg8] py=777 fr j6hc ig; yuhft Óf` lg.juhf`j lfk777 RGKGHGV73 Fr gtey=a ifghmx mfb io lgng3 [ft4 cft py=hj gbgk .hcfr4 kg/g;ghmj yu ]guf`j t-a i§gh]hj my ju`gmghcju` 0`o4 io rkj;ft vgh]ghm vgh]ghmj fkfuj] dy`[fn4 wkf]3 hfn io kgt eghkf`yut4 jri Óf`egignyupjuh3 hf`j g`ghmyut tyu`g]ighyupfgh i§yu=g`ift mfb777 VYUXG73 Eg] py=4 ]guyut -777 eg8] py=4 y` ,yrkysghft777 RGKGHGV73 ¡Lfugnys eg] - py=hyut Vyuxgvj 0'’jmo¢5 3 Grg84 y6s5 VYUXG73 ¡Lghdjrk¢5 Xy8u5 ¡Rgkghgh vydhg[ wnuyut - gpy/jh¢5 RGKGHGV73 ¡Vyurglgk¢5 Fr cft4 Vyuxg85 Lg3 ugkg84 y` fr cft5 VYUXG73 Jri jhcy6u xyu cfr5 Eg]gk`j`4 y` lgrighgt5 RGKGHGV73 Hg jhÓ jt iy=mjh - ;-km5 Hg jhÓ ifhxghj - ;-km5 Tfhm ;-km - Óf/m3Óf/mj dy`[-jhm5 Jri hg wg,cyut - j` L0` t0k5 VYUXG73 ¡Gvngvnyug[¢5 Lg;g777 Lg;g y6s jhÓ x`xf] h`gh tgkhfnyu777 RGKGHGV73 Tgkhfny6u5 Fu xyu gvnfur cf6r sg,fhyut gvx eg/j]5 VYUXG73 ¡Dy/yut -¢5 Tgkhfnyu4 tgkhfnyu5 Lg;g y6s jhÓ x`xf]5 ¡E/hyut - rgkghgvjh yu x-t kgnjr ;gkjh¢5 Fu jhcy6u grg]4 y` fr gvnfur ghfnjm cyuhft5 62

RGKGHGV73 ¡Vghig`[gijj fig[4 n/yut -5 G;g .wypyug[ yu lgtg`fg ijrg’'gvh lg`]hyut¢5 J6hc grg]777 Y` gvnfur ghfnjm cyuhf6r5 VYUXG73 Egv] gvr ghdgt r,gnyuf] hg4 lgr3 ighy6ut fr4 r,gnyuf]777 fr777 RGKGHGV73 ¡Ng`yug[¢5 Hy`j8] grg4 hy`j8]777 VYUXG73 ¡>wypyug[¢5 Grg]4 y` fr gvnfur ghfnjm cyuhft5 RGKGHGV73 ¡Gcmf`o wgvnyut fh¢5 Gryut fr4 eg]j jhÓghj] yu h`ghj] -n yc ym c-6` ig`y= mfb rkj;fn5 VYUXG73 Yc ym5 RGKGHGV73 Gryut fr4 f`iyurj] lghg[ t-i lgugrg` - t-ij65 VYUXG73 J6hc -4 cdjk-j6`5 RGKGHGV73 ¡Vyuxgvjh .;`kyut - tj iy=t¢5 Gvxmgh lgrg`gi4 gvxmgh lf6.k777 Jri fr eg`x lg.juhf` -j ghyut4 x`g lgtg` -n vjtg`geg` r,gnyuf]j777 G;`f8r4 Vyuxg777 ¡Mt[j[g=¢5 Rgkg3 hgv - hrkg[ my t-a777 VYUXG73 ¡Vyurglgk dy/yut -¢5 Fr j8hc ghft4 j8hc ghft4 y` cft lg`eyut777 ,tyut ft yu cft lg`eyut777 RGKGHGV73 Yu`fth grg]4 y` gvnfur ghfnjm cyuhfr4 gvh;-r c-6777 ¡Vyuxgh dn,ys - ghyut¢5 RGKGHGV73 Grg] hgfu4 y` py= njhj gvh4 jhc d`yug[ -777 ¡Vyuxgh dn,ys - ghyut¢5 RGKGHGV73 ¡_mrpgbj t-a¢5 Grg]4 y` Tg`xyu Y`xjh tgkhyufnyu - tg`xigh] Óf/mo4 fu h`ghm ;jkj r;ghhfh h`gh777 Yu`fth777 J6hc - rkg]3 uyut4 Vyuxg8777 Tjp-6 cfr lgrighyut777 63

¡Vyuxgh yurf`h - p0puyut¢5 RGKGHGV73 G.gif`khf`jh grg] hgfu4 y` f`e Ófb kghfh tgkhfnyu4 tj8 tkg[-m4 p- j6hc ;j3 kj ,0r-m4 gvn9 jhc y` Ófb k`yuj gvx hyvh zgtjh4 gvx ,0rf]-m4 y`yslfkfu777 Nry6ut fr4 Vyuxg8777 Y`yslfkfu xyum c-4 y` ;jkj ,0r-m4 gvn Ryu`e Lydjh777 Jhcy6u -` gryut4 p- zgto xf/ cj fifn777 Tj wym` zgtghgi -n Ófb lfk ft777 Jri f`e Óf`egignyupfgh zgtghgi h`g g.gif`khf`o wg,gh4 j6hc grg]4 l0 cf6r ty/g3 ]fn777 J6hc ty/g]iyk fr4 Vyuxg84 j8hc xghxg= - tjkmx dy`[yut777 Tjp-6 sgvfn - mfb777 Grg]4 y` fr ig`y= -j L0`r g=gcfn4 y` l`f.kgihf`j kgrhf`iyu dhxf` yu=g`ij jhÓ 0dhyupfgh4 egv] -n jhc;-6r ;jkj igkg`yufh h`g d`yug[hf`o4 p- gvr;-r ;-km - njhj777 Yu`fth777 Y6s - mfb pfngx`fn4 y` tgkhfr h`gh777 Fu y6s ;jkj tgkh-`777 :g`b c-6 tjp-9 t-io h`g ghtjagigh .`aghgij]777 T-io h`g g.gif`khf`j]777 Fu h`g ohk`yupjuho ighd g/gu mfb s`gv777 Hg mfb ohk`f]4 Vyuxg777 Grg]9 jhc y` ghfnyu fr4 jr3 iy8vh g`g777 Xyu dy`[jm xg`Óg`4 xyu igkg3 `f]j` h`g [`gdj`o777 X`g lgtg` -n mfb vfkyv grg]4 y` gvnfur ghfnjm cyuhfr777 VYUXG73 ¡Vyurglgk xjtgx`yut -¢5 Egv] fr lg`]f` yuh-j kgnyu777 RGKGHGV73 Xyu yc tj lg`] cyuh-j`4 Vyu3 xg8777 Xyu h`g igtmh -j` igkg`yut5 VYUXG73 ¡Tj kfrgi g=gcghmys¢5 Fr yubyut -j rkyudfn jhÓ4 p- ig`y6= ft g`xf0m h`g ;gkdgthf`o ,g,kfn777 JhÓ gvx lhg`guy`yu3 pjuhh -` lfkgm`m`yut777 RGKGHGV73 Mfb puyut -`4 Vyuxg84 puyut -`5 64

VYUXG73 Fr dkfn -j tg`x thgnyu qghg;g`3 lo4 g`dfnyug[ rgltghh gh]hfnyu lhg`o777 Fr [g/j] ;yifn -j ;kyu=o777 RGKGHGV73 H`g Óf/mys4 Vyuxg84 h`g fu yc p- my777 ¡Vyuxgh kg`0`jhgi [j[g=yut - fu4 ork j` rysy`yupfgh4 ghohxlgk p0puyut yurf`o¢5 RGKGHGV73 Xyu ,g=gnji -j`4 Vyuxg8777 Jri mfb pyug]fn -`4 p- df`tg`x fr xyu777 ¡Vyuxgh .g`yuhgiyut - tfmfhgeg` [j[g=fn j` kg`0`jhgi [j[g=ys fu rk-;3rk-; yurf`o p0pyufn¢5 RGKGHGV73 Tjgvh tj eghys ig`y= ft t,jpg`fn mfb5 P- jhcy6u hg vgkig;-r mfb ohk`f]5 F`fuj xyu kg`ef`uyut -j` my tjur g.gif`khf`j]5 Xyu ghdyvh c-j` h`gh] ;-r5 VYUXG73 ¡Pfugpgw¢5 Ljtg y6s ft fr777 RGKGHGV73 Tj tg`x4 y` j` qgtegh ;jkj ribej] gh]hj4 gveyuefhj]777 VYUXG73 ¡Tgh`3tgh` [j[g=fnys¢5 Ljtg y6s ft fr777 RGKGHGV73 Qj.x -` my K-`o4 Vyuxg84 xyu gvnfur ghfnjm cyuhfr777 VYUXG73 ¡T-ao vghig`[ bg`phyut - hg,ijh Vyuxgh¢5 3 Xy8u`r iy`j`4 xy8u`r jt khj]777 R`gh kfr777 RGKGHGV73 Iy;jk fr4 Vyuxg84 iy;jk777 Dhg84 lghdjrk g;`j` mfb lgtg`777 X`ghj] -n tf[ f`aghiyupj6uh777 VYUXG73 JhÓ ;-km c- f`aghiyupjuh777 JhÓ dy`[fnyu gr;g`-b - ;-km777 ¡'”f/mo i`[mjh ,wf3 nys¢5 Fr h`g f`i`y`x g.gif`kh ft4 f`i`y`x777 Jt kf=o t.kgigh - fu lgrkgkyuh777 RGKGHGV73 Xyu my xf`o igkg`f]j`5 :g j6hc grfh yu`j.hf`o4 y`yh] xg -n cj sjqgiuyut5 65

VYUXG73 Fr pmfn ft yu`j.hf`j s`gv5 JhÓ tj lgugrg`f]`yu h`gh]5 Xy8u`r4 xy8u`r5 RGKGHGV73 Iy;jk fr4 Vyuxg84 iy;j8k5 ¡Yubyut - dhgn¢5 VYUXG73 ¡Vghig`[ tjkm - [gdyut dn,yut4 fu hg ik`yui e/hyut - rgkghgvj ‘'f/mj]¢5 Tj `y;-777 R;grj8`4 xf/ tj8 dhg777 Jhcj6] fr gvxmgh dyl777 Y` xyu ghb06` f=g`777 Y` hg g/g6a gh]gu mfbhj]777 RGKGHGV73 Yc p- g/ga gh]gu4 gvn9 lgug3 rg`yuf] jhÓ4 Jrig`jyskg]j Vyuxg5 Yu`fth777 Yu`fth4 jhÓ z,kfno gvhmgh lf.k egh c-5 Gryut -j4 c-64 tfhm jhcf¨` ig`y= -jhm ghfn tjgrjh5 Gwry8r4 dhyut -777 ¡Z;kgx-t lf/ghyut -¢5 Vyu3 xgh ..tg[ hgvyut - x`gho5 Hgvyut - f`ig`4 tj kfrgi epg]g[5 Vfkyv vghig`[ sf` - ifhyut4 ‘'f/mf`ys iy;k0`-h r`eyut f`fro4 yu==yut yurf`o4 gcmf`o kfhxgdjh wgvnyut fh5 Hg ,fhpj ;-r hfkuyut - t-i9 rfhfgij tj ghijuho4 t-i9 tjuro4 m`m`yut - eyny` [giyu[yuif`o4 tj kfrgi ,yuqg;ys jhc3y` egh whk/yut5 Dkgu5 <y`mf`j] jhc3y` egh - lghyut fu ghpg`p hgvyut j` '‘f/mf`jh4 y`yhm e/hfn fh tj f`ig` ;g`gh5 Yu hg lghxjrguy` gryut - jhmh j`fh5 VYUXG73 Fr ,0rm ft kgnjr mfb4 Vyuxg84 i§ghft gvh jhc h`g [`gd`yut cig`777 Fr io dkhft jt jhmhyu`yvh mgvno777 M`jrky8ro sigv4 io dkhft777

66

:GKIF~ KGRHF~IYUF~Y~X ¡Eftj tj iy=tyut :yhkjyr :j=gkyrj g;g`ghmh -4 tjur iy=tyut9 g;g`ghmjh ij] ;g`k-bo5 Igvg3 wgvj dn,guy`yupfgte ;g`k-b - tkhyut gtey,o fu [g=`yu[ghgij eg]gdghcyupjuhhf`ys yu l`t.kfnys j` lfk ef`yut M`jrkyrjh¢5 IGVGWG73 Kg`-8m iyurgignj t0k4 jri tfhm gvrkf= io r;grfhm h`g sq/jh5 ¡Bjhyuy`hf`o M`jrkyrjh hf`r fh kghyut4 jri gtey,h yu Ig3 vgwgh thyut fh x`ryut¢5 :J+GKYR73 Xy6u fr Vjryur Hgbys`f]jh5 M~JRKYR73 Fr ft5 :J+GKYR73 Y`kf=g]j6 fr5 M~JRKYR73 Efp=fl-tyut ft [hyufn5 :J+GKYR73 Jri ljtg y6u` fr g;`yut5 M~JRKYR73 Yc tj kf=5 :J+GKYR73 Kyuh cyuhf6r5 M~JRKYR73 Y8c5 :J+GKYR73 :g`b -5 Yu`fth4 pgwg/g.`aji fr5 Jhc;-6r fr lghg;gb0`fgv lg]x sgrkgiyut5 Tyu`y6ut fr5 M~JRKYR73 Y8c5 :J+GKYR73 Dy=ghyut fr4 yu`fth5 M~JRKYR73 Y8c5 :J+GKYR73 Lg;g jhc;-6r4 tj tg`x4 y` yc kyuh3kf= yuhj4 yc g;`yurkj tjay]4 j`fh l`fg3 hf`j pgdguy` - l/cgiyut5 M~JRKYR73 Xyu mfbhj6] fr gvx gryut4 pyu`j.hf`j ,0rmh fr i`ihyut5 :J+GKYR73 Tjp-6 fr l`fgv ft5 My gbdh yu mglghgvg;fkf`o mfb jt Óf/mo tgkhf]jh5 J6hc fr g`fn4 y` gvx;-r bgv`g]`fn fr h`gh]5 67

M~JRKYR73 Jt pgdguy`yupjuho gvr g.,g`lj] c-5 Fp- gvr g.,g`lj] njh-`4 jt iy=thgij]hf`o jhc;-6r pyvn io kgvjh4 y` my Óf/mh ohihft5 :J+GKYR73 P- y` gvx;-r -4 yu`fth xyu j`0m pgdguy` fr5 M~JRKYR73 Xyu fr gryut4 y` pgdguy` ft4 egv] fr [hyufn yu g.,g`l ft fifn4 y`;-rbj q.tg`kyupfgh lgtg` sigvft5 :J+GKYR73 ¡Mt[j[g=ys¢5 My eg,ko cef`f]4 Vf.yug5 Y`yslfkfu xyu jhÓ xyu` fr dgnjr5 Fr i§g.,gkft w`ifn mfb5 Nry6ut fr4 x`ryut yh] fh g=tiyut777 M~JRKYR73 JhÓ w`ifn yc ym cj ig`y=5 Y`yslfkfu gvx;-r - d`yug[5 :J+GKYR73 Gryut ft4 c-64 eg,kx cef`f]4 xyu ifhxghj fr thgnyu4 Vf.yug85 ¡:j=gkyro xyu`r - dgnjr ;g`k-b5 Kj`yut n/yupjuh¢5 :J+GKYR73 Y=ay8vh mfb4 mglghgvg;fk5 IGVGWG73 Y=ay8vh4 L/ytj iyurgign :yhkjyr :j=gkyrjh5 :J+GKYR73 Jhcy6u hf`r cfr tkhyut5 IGVGWG73 Bgkji -4 iyurgig8n5 Tf` 0`-hmh g`dfnyut - k0hgigh 0`f`jh 0kg` .ftj] hf`r tkhfn5 :J+GKYR73 Jhcy6u -m gvx tg`xyuh ef`fn jhÓ t0k5 IGVGWG73 Y`yslfkfu ,/ysg`g` - hg5 :J+GKYR73 Jri jhcy6u jhmhf`x c-m xgkyut5 Xgkf]-m h`gh Óf` 0`-hmhf`j lgtgÓgvh5 IGVGWG73 Bgkjijh y`fu- t-ijh r;ghhfno 0`jhguy` c- tfb lgtg`5 :J+GKYR73 Gvx tg`xo4 ork jr4 ,fng;gigr 68

-4 igt9 g`ig[g,hxj`5 Tglyugh sqj/o ./gv3 nyupjuh c-6 gvx;jrj t-ij lgtg`5 GTEY<73 Tg8l M`jrkyrjh4 tg8l777 IGVGWG73 Nry6ut fr4 iyurgig8n4 zy=ysyu`xj Ógvhh - rg5 :J+GKYR73 Fu j6hc Ógvh - xg5 Cj nruyut5 IGVGWG73 Jhc;-6r5 Gvrmgh tg`x tjglgtyu/ ;glghayut -4 fu xyu cf6r nryut h`gh]5 :J+GKYR73 Fr tjgvh my Ógvhh ft nryut4 mglghgvg;f8k5 IGVGWG73 Jri gvr tg`xigh] Ógvhf6`o5 GTEY<73 Tg8l4 tg8l M`jrkyrjh777 :J+GKYR73 Kfrhyut fr4 mglghgvg;f8k4 jhc;jrj n/yupjuh -5 ¡Iyurgignj ;gngko¢5 :J+GKYR73 Y`kf6= ighd g/ghm5 Gryut fr4 q.tg`kyupfgh lgtg` fr fifn5 Jri j6hc egh q.tg`kyupjuho5 Fr gvrmgh kg`j g;`fn ft g.3 ,g`ljr f`frjh fu tjhcfu ljtg cdjkft5 Dyu]xy6u grfr5 M~JRKYR73 Grkyug[ - q.tg`kyupjuho5 :J+GKYR73 Gvx;-r -n djk-j5 Xf/ yc ym ,fnmo dn,jh egh cj grfn5 Ork jr4 q.tg`jko gvr ;glh - tjgvh4 Vf.yug85 Gh]fgnh -n q.tg3 `jk c-5 Gvhmgh egh - g=gug=yufn gh]fgnyut9 tjhcfu xg`Ófn - hf`igv5 M~JRKYR73 Grkyug[ - q.tg`jko5 :J+GKYR73 Lfkgm`mj` cj mfb lfk4 Vjryur Hgbys`f]j5 Jri fr ig`[yut -j yu.gd`gu s-q io [gdj tf` tjafu5 Xyu jhÓ grg gvh4 jhc fr xf/ cft nrfn5 M~JRKYR73 JhÓ lgtg` cigv w`iyupjuh5 Fu xyu cfr ig`y= jhÓ w`ifn5 69

:J+GKYR73 Ig`y= ft5 Ig,g=gh lghyufno igt ,gcyufno tf[ ;gkju -4 pgwg/gig8h4 x`g lgtg` ;-km - g`kgrysy` tg`x njhfn9 p-8 ngu4 p-8 sgk jtgrkys5 M~JRKYR73 ¡Kgdhg;ys¢5 Xyu cf6r yubyut tglyugh sqj/ igvg]hfn5 :J+GKYR73 Xyu j`0m ,fng;gigr fr4 hy`tgn tg`xo tjp-6 j` tglo io ]ghigv5 M~JRKYR73 ¡{hij - dgnjr¢5 Xyu j.,ghyupjuh yuhfr jhÓ tglyugh xgkg;g`kfnyu5 )dkyuj` my j.,ghyupjuhj]4 iyurgig8n5 :J+GKYR73 Jri jhcy6u - ghyuhx M`jrkyr4 gvrjhmh9 )[fgn4 fu jhcy6u fr Vjryur4 gvrjhmh9 0dhyupfgh Grkyug[ igt w`iyupfgh5 M~JRKYR73 Xyu ;g`kguy` fr xgzgh njhfn yu sq/gigh5 ¡<yuqg;ys¢5 Tjp-6 jhc3y` egh wy,3 ufn -4 Lg8v`4 yu d`yug[mhf`o cfh igkg`yufnyu5 :J+GKYR73 Fr tglo oh[gvyut ft yc p- l-h] gvh;-r4 gvn9 gtfhgg`zghjhf`jh5 Xyu y6s fr4 y` tglyugh xgkg;g`kyufr5 M~JRKYR73 ¡Oteyrk sf` - ifhyut¢5 Fr lgvlyvfn ft igvr`jh5 Grfn ft777 :J+GKYR73 Xyu yc tj sgk egh -n cfr grfn5 F`e wg`jrf]jhf`o mfb xjkguy`fgn lg`] kyujh4 p- g`xf0m 0`jhguy6` fr lgtg`yut4 y` tfhm lg`i fhm kgnjr igvr`jh4 jri lg`]`jh4 y`;-rbj jt Óf/mo tgkhfh mfb4 xyu ;glghaf]j` tj xg3 lfigh ]yv] kgn fu lg`]`j`9 y6ut ;gkif`h xglfighj s`gv5 Gvx vjtg`hf`h [yu=gih ohigh fu ;gkgr,ghf]jh9 igvrf`5 Fu xyu g`zghguy` xgr kyuj` gvx rkglgihf`jh9 1G`x4 dhg]-m igvr`jho kyu-m igvrf`4 jri Grk[yuho9 Grk3 [yuh25 70

IGVGWGVJ “"GVHO73 Iyurgig8n4 tfhm r;gryut fhm my sq/jh777 M~JRKYR73 ¡Vyurglgk¢5 Fr ;-km - ,gcyuft4 iyurgig8n777 :J+GKYR73 Mghj fr igt4 xyu cfr ,gcyuj4 Vf.yug85 ¡:g`k-b¢5 :J+GKYR73 Fr h`g t-a yc tj vgh]ghm cft dkhyut5 IGVGWG73 Hg ,/ysyupfgh - t=yut zy=y3 syu`xjh5 :J+GKYR73 Hg tglyugh g`zghj egh cj g3 `fn4 fr h`gh ;gkzfn io kgt fu gbgk i§g`3 Ógift5 IGVGWG73 Hg tyny`f]hyut - tf` gbdo4 g`dfnyut - igvr`jh lg`if` kgn fu jhmh j` tgrjh gryut -4 p- M`jrkyrh - pgdguy`o5 :J+GKYR73 Xyum -n gr-m4 grfnys l0 cj5 GTEY<73 Tg8l4 tg8l M`jrkyrjh777 :J+GKYR73 Igvgwg84 sg=o my mglghgvg;f3 kyupfgh zgti-kh gug`kuyut -4 gvh;-r c-65 IGVGWG73 J6hc fr yubyut grfn5 :J+GKYR73 Fr lg`]hyut ft4 yc p- gryut5 IGVGWG73 Tj zgt -n thgv9 fr ;jkj kfrhft h`g tglo5 Fu xyu gvx sqj/o i§g`Ógifr5 :gk3 uysr ft f`xuyut4 iyurgig8n5 :J+GKYR73 :gkyujx lfk ,g= tj g`g4 Igvgwg85 ¡Z;kgx-t¢5 W,`yuh egh - ;gkjuo4 bdy8v.4 cw.`yuj vghig`[5 ¡:gngkyut¢ M~JRKYR73 Kfrhyut fr4 iyurgig8n4 h`ghm jt tglh fh ;glghayut5 :glghayut ft hgfu fr5 Xyu jhcy6u vghig`[ eg`j xg`Óg`5 71

:J+GKYR73 Eg`j65 C-84 Vjryur Hgbys`f]j4 eg`j cft fr5 :g`bg;-r fr gufnj lf/yuh ft kfrhyut4 mgh gvx ig`qgkfr Igvgwgh5 M~JRKYR73 Fu j6hc fr kfrhyut lf/uyut5 :J+GKYR73 Kfrhyut ft gvh4 y` fp- y=a thgr4 yc tj skghd -n cfr hf`igvg]hj5 Jri fp,gcyufr4 io r`eghgr fu tf[ skghd io xg/3 hgr4 yc tjgvh Jr`gv-nj4 gvnfu L/ytj lgtg`5 )¨4 my kghaghmhf`o djkf6r yh] xyu` io dgh tg`xigh]4 y¨h] i§g`kgryufh mfb lgtg`4 jhc3 ;jrj xg/hyupfgte4 egv] fu pgmyuh4 .gk pg3 myuh l`qyughmys4 y` kghayuy=o xyu fr fu yc p- j`fhm5 Jhc nfdfhxhf` io [hyufh my tgrjh5 Kf8r4 p- my ,0rmf`o4 ghdgt xgkg`i4 ghey3 sghxgi tj hg,gxgryupjuho yh] io kg`g[yuj4 jhc ,y`jh jtgrkhf` i§y`yhfh t-ao5 Jri fp- y=a thgr4 j8hc yubyut fr fu jhcmgh yubyut fr9 ,0rj`5 M~JRKYR73 D`yug[ -4 y` jhÓ ;jkj cg`cg3 `fnys r;ghhfh4 fu f``y`x 0`o fr vg`yupjuh ;jkj g/hft5 :J+GKYR73 Ljtg lgrig]g6`4 y` eg`j cft fr5 Clgtg`Ógiyufr jhÓ eg`j iycfn5 Eg`jh jhmx fr4 my g.gif`khf`o5 Fr L/ytj iyurgignh ft5 Fu gvh4 jhc g/gmjhyupjuh - lgrg`gi tglighg3 ]yuhf`j lgtg`4 ,y] - j.,ghguy`j lgtg`5 Ljtg lgrig]g6`4 y` q.tg`kyupjuhh gvh -4 jhc Óf/hkyu - tg`xyuh igt f`i`jh5 M~JRKYR73 Fp- fr ;gkzyuft4 tg`xji io sg3 ,fhgh my xgzghyupjuhj] fu sg,j] io ty/g3 hgh jhÓ5 :J+GKYR73 Cfh ty/ghgv4 cfh ty/ghgv5 <gc eg`Ó`g]g[ tg`xo4 tghgughx9 dg=gwg`j lg3 72

tg`4 djkf6r jhc gl/fnj skghd -5 C-84 xyu ghtf= fr4 Vf.yug85 IGVGWGVJ “"GVHO X~RJ}73 Iyurgig8n4 .gk f`ig` ckfuf6] lg`]gmhhyupjuho5 :J+GKYR73 Ljtg4 ljtg777 ¡M`jrkyrjh¢5 Fr j.,ghyupjuh yuhft mfb ,gco lghfnyu fu j.,g3 hyupjuh9 mfb gbgk g`Ógifnyu5 Fr mfb io xg3 kg;g`kft gbgkyupfgh5 M~JRKYR73 Xyu jhÓ s`gv yc tj j.,ghyupjuh c-j` yuhfhgv4 fp- mfb j sf`yurk k`yug[ cnj3 h-`5 :J+GKYR73 Djkfr mfb yh] ,gco io lgh-j777 Djkfr mfb yh] kghagtgl i§gh-j777 Gwry¨r4 Óf/mf`r ig`q fh777 M~JRKYR73 Xyu l`gtgh io kgr4 fu jhÓ io ,gcfh5 :J+GKYR73 Igvgwgh qj.x - bdyut skghdo4 egv] gvx [f` g=yu-ro cdjkj4 p- skghdo y`3 kf=j] - dgnjr5 Ig`[yut -9 my ifhxghj thg3 nyu]5 Jri fr lgrkgk djkft9 my tglj]5 Fu xyu -n djkfr xg5 L-h] x`g lgtg` -n ,gcyufn fr yubyut4 Vf.yug84 xyu ghtf= fr5 ¡:g`k-byut¢ :J+GKYR73 Hg ghtf= -4 Igvgwg85 Fr sf`a3 hgighg;-r lgtybyuf]j5 IGVGWG73 Fp- x`gh gbgk g`Ógifr4 yu3 `fth9 igvr`jh eg`figt cfr5 GTEY<73 Sf`g]`y8u tf` tjaj]4 sf`g]`y8u tf` tjaj]5 <g8co lghj` h`gh5 :J+GKYR73 Fr Óf` pgdguy`jh ,g6co lghft5 IGVGWG73 Gtfhgvh ym4 y` j`fh pgdguy` l/cgiyut4 p.hgtj - igvr`jh5 GTEY<73 Cyuhfhm tfhm gvn pgdguy`4 eg]j 73

Kjef`jyr igvr`j]5 :J+GKYR73 Fr eg`Ó` ft dhglgkyut Óf` kj`grj`yupjuhh yu lgugkg`tyupjuho4 egv]777 IGVGWG73 Hg, j8hmx lgugkg`jt f=j` igvr3 `jh4 :yhkjyr :j=gkyr5 Fp- lgugkg`jt cnjhfr4 kf8r4 y`mgh tg`x - gvrkf= lgugmyug[4 h`ghm mfb io r;ghhfh4 fu fr ghb0` io njhft mfb ;g.k;ghfnyu5 :J+GKYR73 Xyu jhÓ r;g/hy6ut fr5 L/ytj iyurgignj6h5 IGVGWG73 R;g/hyut ft lghyuh L/ytj5 Xyu iyurgign fr fu ;g`kguy` fr ;g.k;ghfn f`i`j .glf`o5 :J+GKYR73 L/ytj .glo g`xg`yupfgh s`gv ljthyug[5 L/yt-g]jh ghtf= g`juh cj pgwj f`efm5 IGVGWG73 Lg.uyut ft tjhcfu f`fmo5 Fpxyu ,gcfnyupfgh sqj/ cg`Ógifr4 fr gvnfur cft ig`y=ghgv zy=ysyu`xjh br;fn5 T-i777 ¡:j=gkyro rkj;yug[ eg`’'`g]hyut - 'f/mo¢5 :J+GKYR73 Bgkij g/pju rysy`yupjuh igv gbgk g`Ógifn tj tglg;g`kj5 Vfryu Eg`geg3 vj6h -m ohk`yut4 p-9 Vjryur M`jrkyr iycyug3 [jh777 GTEY<73 Eg`gegvj8h g`Ógij`4 Eg`gegvj8h777 :J+GKYR73 Egv] hg gugbgi -777 GTEY<73 Eg`gegvj¨h4 Eg`gegvj¨h777 ¡:j=gkyro mg` n/yupfgh t-a tkhyut - ;gngk4 fu g;g .yukys i`ijh vgvkhuyut9 lfko ef`fnys wym`ji tj iyhm fu tj iyuz ayu`5 G;g ayu` n]hyut4 pgwyut ‘'f/mf`j s`gv yu nyughyut5 Eyny`o ..tg[ yu mg`g]g[ hgvyut fh h`gh¢5 :J+GKYR73 Gvr g`xg` g`juhj] fr ghtgrh ft5 74

IGVGWG73 X`g g`juho tf8b s`gv fu tf` y`xjhf`j8 s`gv5 ¡Bjhyuy`hf`o ef`yut fh M`jrkyrjh4 tf`ig]hyut h`gh fu ig`tj` m=gtjx d]yut s`gh5 Gtey,o ;yi3 uyut - kf=j]4 pgwuyut M`jrkyrj s`gv5 W.- ;rgi fh xhyut dn,jh4 g;g [hij dgnys [g=`yut fu g3 ryut777 1Y=a njhfr4 l`fghf`j8 pgdguy`2¢5 ¡M`jrkyrj iy=thgij]hf`o4 tf[ tgrgte ighgvm4 sg,j] tj ghijuhyut iyuc fig[4 nyu/ g`kgruyut fh¢5 M~JRKYR73 F`yurg=-tj xrk`f`4 jhÓ s`gv ng] tj8 njh-m4 gvn ng] f=-m Ófb fu Óf` y`xjhf`j s`gv4 y`yslfkfu 0`f` ;jkj dgh4 f`e tg`xji ;jkj grfh9 F`ghj cef` ighgh] fu gvh g`3 dghxhf`jh4 y`yhm c[hf]jh fu gvh rkjhmhf`jh4 y`yhm crhf]jh777 ¡Gtey,h yu bjhyuy`hf`o lghyut fh h`g ig`tj` m=gtjxo4 lgd]hyut ljh bdfrkhf`o4 g;g ;gngkj] ef`yut fh lrigvgigh tj ,gc4 xhyut t-ij yurjh fu M`jrkyrjh ,gcgi`j fkfuj] kghyut x-;j Dy=3 dypg5 :j=gkyro thyut - tfhgi5 X-tmjh9 ,y` tkg3 lydyupjuh¢5 :J+GKYR73 Vjtg8` zy=ysyu`x777 Xyu my ghdj3 kyupfgte .yu/ kyuj` ;gktyupfgh ghjuo777 Kf8r jhc wy`Óghm fr ef`fnyu eyny`jr dn,jh777 Vjtg8` zy=ysyu`x4 vjtg8`777 :GKIF~ KGRHF~FMF~Y~X ¡Vyuxgh ;g`gho ‘'f/mjh4 ;yco dfkhjh d]g[ yu fkfuj] mg.fnys4 yu`yugighj ;-r .`ayut - tg`xg3 .gk sgv`yut5 T0kfhyut - g/gajh jri lghxj;g[ tg`xyuh9 tj ,ghyup;ghj¢5 75

VYUXG73 Yubyut fr4 kgt jt ;g`gho5 <GHYUP:GH73 Jt jhcjh - ;-km my ;g`gho5 VYUXG73 Ò`j ft kgnjr5 Kfr jhc ;jhx ;g3 `gh -5 <GHYUP:GH73 Fr Ó`j egh cft sf`]hyut5 VYUXG73 Yu`fth4 wy= kyu`5 Tjgvh p- g/ jhÓghj]5 <GHYUP:GH73 Xg j6hc - y` x`g lgtg` wy= kgt5 ¡Vyuxgh kg`giyurghmys p0puyut - yurf`o fu lf/ghyut5 T0kfhyut - tj yu`j. tg`xyu¢5 VYUXG73 G8/ jt ;g`gho5 Ó`j ft kgnjr5 ¡Tg`xo sf`]hyut - ;g`gho4 f`ig` khk=yut '‘f/myut4 .yu/yutyu/ kgnjr4 '‘dyut4 ig`[fr jhc3y` egh - cgwyut4 g;g tfihyut - Vyuxgvjh¢5 TG~X73 Jhcj6r - ;-km my ;g`gho4 sf`]`yu5 ¡Vyuxgh cj sf`]hyut¢5 VYUXG73 ¡F/ghxgdjh¢5 T-amjx d0kj cigv5 Rg mfb d0kyu kf= io [g/gvj777 G/gh] d0kyu y6h] fr g;`yut777 TG~X73 Sf`]`yu ;g`ghx777 VYUXG73 Fp- Óf/mjx -9 myhh - g`x-h5 ¡Wy`'’yut - wg,cfn4 egv] tg`xo lgr]hyut ;g`gho dfkjh d]fn yu lf/ghgn5 Vyuxgh qg`glgk i/ghyut -4 sf`]hyut ;g`gho fu .g`yuhgiyut nyurhykj ;-r pgwg/fn5 T0kfhyut - tj ihya¢5 VYUXG73 G/ gvr ;g`gho5 Ó`j ft kgnjr5 !3JH IJH73 ¡Sg,f]g[¢5 Ò`j6777 ¡G`gdg]hyut - mgvnf`o fu4 g/gh] fk .`ayufnyu4 wg,cyut gvx ,fng;gigr tg`xyu]5 Vyuxgh t0kf3 hyut - tj yu`j. ihya yu tfihyut ;g`gho¢5 VYUXG73 G8/ nyug]m io w/fr s`gh777 @3~X IJH73 Nyug]mj lgtg` ig`q - .gk5 ¡Vyuxgh tfmfhgeg` dn,ys lgtg’'gvhyupfgh ho3 76

.gh - kgnjr yu lf/ghyut5 T0kfhyut - xg`ehy]jh4 y`kf= g.,gkyut fh xg`ejhh yu h`g g.gif`ko¢5 VYUXG73 Gvr ;g`gho mfb lgtg` ft ef`fn777 XG~EJH73 Ef`fn fr4 y` j6hc ghft5 VYUXG73 ¡>y=ymy`p z;jkys¢5 Fp- g.gif`kx dnyu, ;glj4 xyu r`ghys tj ngu xgr io kgr h`gh4 y` -n cghj777 Jri g.gif`ko l-h] h`g lgtg` -4 y` dnyu, ;glj777 ¡G.gif`kjh¢5 Qj.x c-64 k=g8r777 XG~EJH73 Dy`[j8x dhg777 Y` ;-km njhj [f3 [fn4 tj.k -n tj egh io qg`yuj777 Dhg84 tj8 ,ghdg`j`777 ¡Vyuxgh dn,jiy` lf/ghyut -5 Mgvnyut - ig`[fr f`gbj t-a yu f`fuj x`g lgtg` -n cj qghgcyut gvh ihyao4 y`jh mjc g/ga -` t0kf]fn¢5 VYUXG73 Fp- jt ;g`ghh g/hfr4 fr mfb wy= io kgt777 njmo wy=777 !3JH IJH73 ¡Sg,f]g[¢5 Xy6u jhÓ777 ¡Sg,j] ykmf`h j`g` ,g/hfnys4 g`gd lf/ghyut -¢5 ¡Vyuxgh kfrhyut - tj wym`ji tghcyuij4 t0kfhyut - h`gh yu .yvyut dnyu,o¢5 VYUXG73 Sf`]`yu4 k=g8r777 :g`gh io ]gk3 ifr777 TGHCYUI73 Fr wym` ft xf/5 VYUXG73 Ycjhc4 io tf[ghgr777 L0 tj.k wym` cfr thgnyu777 TGHCYUI73 Tjhcfu tf[ghgt9 io iy`]hft5 VYUXG73 Xyu -n qj.x fr4 k=g8r777 :g fr j6hc ghft777 Grg84 j6hc ghft777 TGHCYUI73 Jhmx ]gkij`5 VYUXG73 Qj8.x -4 k=g8r777 Jhmr5 Jhmr777 Yu`f3 toh4 gvr ;g`gho thg] j6hÓ777 :yi cj dgnjr4 77

Ójupj ;-r i;fn - jhÓ777 ¡Lg/gcyut -¢5 :g`b -4 g`x-h jto xg`Ógu777 ¡:;byut - f`f,gvj g/ga¢5 Egv] xyu ig`[yut fr j6th - gvr ;g`gho777 C-4 k=g8r4 fr ft ;gkighyut gvr ;g`ghjh777 Hg - jt k-`o4 yc p- fr h`g777 ¡F`f,gh [j[g=yut -¢5 VYUXG73 ¡Sf` - ifhyut¢5 _nj8 [j[g=j`4 k=g8r777 Py= my Ógvho thgv jt gighahf`yut777 Fp- f`3 efuj]- mfb grfh4 y` Vyuxgh f`fryuh g`[gpj lgtg` [g,f] j` Kj`yao4 clgugkgr gvx rky` rkjh777 Xg vg`tg` ryuk -4 k=g8r4 y`yslf3 kfu777 Y`yslfkfu pt`g[ yu=f=hf`j lgtg` lg3 ugrkj - lhcyut777 Y`yslfkfu lgrighgnj - g3 t-hmjh777 <0rm kyu` jhÓ4 y` dyh- xyu i§jtg3 hgr q.tg`kyupjuho777 Cfr py=hj4 y` jhÓ if=3 kykfh777 <0rm kgnj6r fr777 ¡F`f,gh dn,ys - g3 hyut¢5 J6hc ,0rm fr kgnjr4 k=g8r777 Fr yubyut ft4 y` ghdj` vj.fr grfnjmx5 TGHCYUI73 Y` tj.k io nrft tgv`jijh5 ¡Vyuxgvj x-tmjh tj xg/o z;jk - ,g=yut5 Hg d`iyut - k=gvjh yu lgteyu`yut¢5 VYUXG73 G/gajh ghdgth -4 k=g8r777 Fr cdjk-j4 y` mfb lgteyu`fno gvrmgh lgtys -777 Thgr eg`y¨s777 TGHCYUI73 Y6u` fr dhyut777 Fu j6hc - my ghyuho777 VYUXG73 ¡Sg,f]g[¢5 Lg`] tj8 kyu`4 j r-` Grk[yv5 Kf8r4 fr jhc 0`h ft ohifn777 Lg`] tj8 kyu`4 nry6ut fr4 f`ef8m777 ¡Vyuxgh tg`xigh] gcmj] lf/yu tj ghijuhyut9 tj gtgvj ;yu`giyut4 [g/j qju=jh lgtef`gkg` yu ,jrk dy`[hgigh gt`g]hyut - ;g`gho fu whpwoh3 pyut jhmh j`fh¢5 78

VYUXG73 J8hc g`g[4 Vyuxg84 xyu ,0rm fr kyufn mfb777 :g gt0p cj64 y` x`zfr777 Yu`j.hf3 `jh ,gefn fr4 qj8.x -4 egv] tjp-6 pyvn io kgr jhmx mfb ,gefn777 Fr i§ghft gvh4 jhc h`g [`gd`yut cig`777 Jt g/gajh yu sf`ajh jhm3 hyu`yvh mgvno777 Nry6ut fr4 Vf.yug84 fr dgnjr ft4 xyu jhÓ xf/ ;gkgr,gh fr kgnyu777 ¡Tkhyut - ijho4 sg,f]g[ ;kokuyut [g/j] ig,yug[ Vyuxgvj .yu`ao4 .`agh d[yut tj mghj ghdgt4 g;g ighd g/hyut4 f`ig`4 .gk f`ig` hgvyut - j` rj`g[ tg`xyuh fu g`]yuhmh gcmf`jh4 mhm.yupfgte .;`kyut [g/j] ig,yug[ tg`xyu f`f3 rjh¢5 3 Lg`eg8[ .yuh5 ¡Fu Vyuxgvj] yu g.,g`lj] hf=g]g[9 lf/g3 hyut777¢ ¡Tkhyut - Rgkghgh4 t0kfhyut [g/j] ig,yug[ Vyuxgvjh yu hrkyut h`g ykmf`j kgi¢5 RGKGHGV73 Vjtg8` Vyuxg777 Xyu vyvr yuhfr4 y` io lghxj;fr h`gh yu io nyu[f6r s`-zx777 Egv] g,` hg x`g,kyut - njhfnyu4 jri x`g,kj x/hf`o wgi fh mfb lgtg`777 Egv] xzy,mh -n mfb cj ohxyuhj4 xzy,mh -n777 C-6 y` xyu jhÓ cfr ;gkighyut777 Xyu ;jkj tj x/hj] sgbfr tjuro4 f`iyu xyu/ ;jkj pgifr ghohxlgk4 fu f`iyurh -n cfh eg]yufnyu my g/ga777 Yu -nj ghkyuh fr thgnyu777 Vjtg8` Vyuxg777 ¡Gcmh ohi3 hyut - [g/j] ig,yug[ Vyuxgvj ykhgtghhf`jh4 sf` - ifhyut4 ykhgtghhf`o lghyut h`g ykmf`j] fu jhmh - wy`'’yut¢5 Jrio jt ykmjh fh777 R`ghm -n my jhcj6h fh ;-km777 Jri jto tg.yug[ fh777 Dyh- io lgdhft tj mghj gtjr777 T-i -n kf3 rg`9 tj gtey=a kg`j777 79

:GKIF~ KGRHCY~RF~Y~X Dy=dypg5 <gcyug[ M`jrkyro9 dn,jh w.- ;rgi5 <gcj .yu`ao9 ;glg;gh bjhyuy`hf`4 mjc gvh iy=t9 mglghghf`4 x;j`hf`4 wg`jrf]jhf` yu gvnfugvn tg`xji5 Cy`r bjhyuy` sjqgi fh d]yut fu j`g` t-a egzghyut ,gcyug[ M`jrkyrj bdfrkhf`o5 !3JH BJHYUY~73 Dyh- ig`djh lgdyurk yuhf3 hg`4 y` g`zfhg` r`gh ,gcfno5 3 LG~JU~G:FK73 >gh eg,k yuhfr4 ;gktyu3 qgho mfb egzjh ohigu5 @3~X BJHYUY~73 _r kg,kgio thg]777 Dhgt ,gcj] ig,ft7775 T_IO GTEY<J TJAJ}73 J6hc - d`yug[ kg3 ,kgij s`gv4 cj f`fuyut777 @3~X BJHYUY~73 D`yug[ -9 Vjryur Hgbys`f]j4 L`-j] pgdguy`777 MGLGHGV73 Egv] Igvgwgh ;glghaf] d`fn4 p- gvx jhmh - gryut4 y` l`-j] pgdguy` -5 !3JH WG~JRF}J73 :g jhcy6u -x;-r cj d`yug[5 LG~JU~G:FK73 :j=gkyro cyubf]4 grg]9 jhc y` d`f]j4 d`f]j5 @3~X BJHYUY~73 ¡<gcj] ig,fnys kg,kgio¢5 Dyh- .yuk tf/h-`4 ,g.yuf]jhm g`fuj kgi777 @3`x WG~JRF}J73 Yu`j.hf`jh w`if]4 py= jhmh j`fh -n w`ij4 fp- j`0m Grk[yv y`xjh -5 #3~X WG~JRF}J73 Fp- xyu fr l`fghf`j pgdguy`o4 w`ij8` jhmx mfb5 $3~X WG~JRF}J73 _n j6hc Grk[yv y`xj -4 fplgv`o kj`yupjuh cj ghyut h`gh777 G8v4 fr po3 myut ft f`frjh4 fu lgv`o cj ;gkzyut jhÓ777 MGLGHGV73 Y6u` fh my lgugkg]fgnhf`o4 y6u` fh my eyuzg[ ljughxhf`o4 y6u` fh my 80

g.gif`khf`o4 jhcy6u fh eyny`o nmfn mfb7775 M~JRKYR73 ¡Lgbju .`pyuhmhf`o .g`zfnys¢5 Lg8v`4 hf`j8` x`gh]4 h`ghm cdjkfh4 p- j8hc fh ghyut777 ¡Rgkghgh4 y` tkglyd pgwg/yut - fu lfkfuyut x-;mf`jh4 t0kfhyut - mglghgvjh4 pfuj] mg.yut yu tj iy=t kghyut¢5 RGKGHGV73 Fr qghgcf]j mfb4 Igvgwg85 Jhcy6u fr [;kyufn5 Tjp-6 xg sgvfn - mfb5 IGVGWG73 Jri xy6u jhcyu fr fifn777 Y` my vg=pghg6io g/hfr777 RGKGHGV73 Fp- rg vg=pghgi fr lgtg`yut4 cft hg,ghÓyut my ,fnmjh5 IGVGWG73 Fr gvnfur mglghgvg;fk cft4 yu`j.h - ohk`yufn jt wy,g`-h777 Ljtg fr .g`mgvjh lydfuy`gigh ft777 RGKGHGV73 Jhcy6u fr ;gktyut gvh4 jhc ey3 ny`jh - vgvkhj5 IGVGWG73 Egv]4 fr l;g`k ft4 y` h`g g3 ;gbdgvjh yurtyuhmo ,f=xf]j rg=tj t-a777 Fr Jr`gv-no w`if]j777 RGKGHGV73 Lg;g jhcy6u xg gvnfur yu`g3 ,yupjuh cj ;gkqg/yut mfb5 <yrkysghj8`5 Mf8b ,yrkysghj`4 mf8b4 yc jhÓ4 y` g/ga dyh- jhc3 y` jtgrk ig` my ifghmyut4 my gkfnyupjuho M`jrkyrj lghx-;5 IGVGWG73 Fr h`gh gkfn777 f`ef8m777 Cmyuj8` gcmj]r777 RGKGHGV73 Jri h`g tglj] vfkyv ycjhc cj njhfnyu4 ycj8hc777 <f¨=q Igvgwg777 IGVGWG73 Njhfnyu -777 F`ij` fu zy=ysyu`x777 RGKGHGV73 Xyu fifn fr4 y` h`g wy,g`-h jhmx mfb ;gkif`g]hfr ,gcj s`gv777 81

IGVGWG73 <gcj6777 L0 cf6r dzyufn777 RGKGHGV73 Y`yslfkfu h`gh vj.fnyu fh4 jri mfb ty/g]fn fh g`x-h777 Xf/ cvj.g[9 ty/g]fn fh777 IGVGWG73 Fr jt tgrjh f`efm cft tkg[fn777 Fr777 RGKGHGV73 <gcj8 s`gv4 ,gcj8777 Xyu h`g kg/g;ghmjh -n fr hg,ghÓyut777 L-h] x`g lg3 tg` -n fr mfb rj`yut ft4 Igvgwg8777 Xyu jth fr777 IGVGWG73 Cmyuj8`4 cg8` rgkghgv777 RGKGHGV73 Gvr dj.f`4 f`e hg i§gughxj ly3 djh fu io lghyuj ,gcj]4 xyu dg=kgdy=j io dgr4 io tgdn]fr df`ghjh fu ,gcj s`gv io kg`g[fr pfuf`x777 IGVGWG73 F6r777 F6r777 RGKGHGV73 Tj8 tkglydyuj`4 xyu gt0p cfr bdgv my gvx mgvnj]777 C-6 y` Igvgwgh ngu vg`gef`yupfgh t-a - rfwgigh ghÓj lfk777 IGVGWG73 ¡Sg,f]g[¢5 Fr cft dgv777 Rkyut fr4 fr cft dgv777 Rkyut fr4 rkyut fr777 RGKGHGV73 Xyu jth fr4 Igvgwg84 j8to777 ¡Igvgwgh4 ykmf`h j`g` ,g/hfnys4 xyu`r wg,cyut¢5 M~JRKYR73 ¡J` tg`y= yuzf`j sf`ajh thg3 ]y`xhf`o lgugmg[9 vghig`[ qcyut -¢5 _nj¨4 -nj¨4 ngtg rgegmpghj777 $3~X WG~JRF}J73 ¡J`g` gh]g[4 r`gh3h`gh xj3 tfnys¢5 J6hc grg]4 j6hc grg]4 gighar [gh` nryut777 !3JH WG~JRF}J73 Grg]9 Grkyug8[ jt4 jhcy6u nmf]j` jhÓ5 @3~X WG~JRF}J73 Jhc rj`yuh - kg/g;yut777 82

_r;-r rj`yuh kg/g;ghm sg=yu] cft kfrfn777 ¡Yu.giy`yvr M`jrkyrj dnyu,o pfmyufn4 ohifn yurjh¢5 #3~X WG~JRF}J73 Ayu` pgw-m s`gh4 ayu`777 Lfkgm`mj` cj yu.giy`yvr tg`xyuh xjkfno777 @3~X WG~JRF}J73 _rmgh zgt ighdhfn fhm g`fuj kgi4 y` rg gcmf`o wgij6777 !3JH WG~JRF}J73 Tf` tf=mf`j lgtg` - kg3 /g;yut4 c-64 -n jhcj6 - pgmhuyut tfbhj]777 ¡F`fuyut - f`jkgrg`x yu vg=pghxgt tj tg`x4 y`h gtyu` fu lgrkgkyuh mgvnf`ys t0kfhyut ,gcjh5 Yu p-fu ,gcjh t0k dgno g`djnyug[ bjhyuy`hf`j iy=tj]4 hg eghj kf= cj xhyut gvx g`dfnmo5 Bjhyuy`hf`o hyvh;-r rj`k cfh ghyut h`g qghg;g`lo ik`fnyu5 >.yui - kg`g[uyut tg`xigh] .g`mf`yut7 Eg`gegh4 Eg`gegh¢777 EG~GEG73 Yu`fth xy6u fr gvh tg`xo4 yut ,gcfn fh jt wy,g`-h777 :g -n jhcy6u fh f`f,ghf`jh sg,f]hyut Vfryu Eg`gegvj ghyu3 hys777 Nrj8`4 xyu egh lgrig]g6` gvr g.,g`3 lj]777 Y` clgrig]g`4 -n jhcy6u fr yubyut g.,g`lo wy,fn777 :g g`zf6h r`ghm4 fp- gug3 bgijh hg,ohk`yut fh r`ej]777 R`ghm jhc tg`x fh777 Qj.x -4 fr f`ihmj] tjhcfu dfkjh .hy`3 lgign ft h`gh]4 egv]4 t-i -4 tg`x cfh777 ¡Pmyut - yu lf/ghyut¢5 ¡Yu.giy`yvr M`jrkyrj .`pyuhmhf`o lgbju3lgb .g`zuyut fh fu bg/gh]ghmj t-a tjgvh tj eg/ ;yiuyut h`g ef`ghj]7 1Tg¨v`7772¢5 ¡Kfrjnm5 Tg`jgto g/ga - dgnjr4 r`eyut g`3 ]yuhmhf`o4 x-tmo wgvnyut - f`aghiyupjuhj]¢5 TG~JGT73 Hg qghgcf] jhÓ777 Hg jhÓ ohxyu3 hf]777 Nrf]j6m4 -n cgrg]4 p- ys Grk[yv igtmh 83

- igkg`yut4 hg - jt tgv`o777 Hg ig`0kf] jhÓ777 G/gajh ghdgt777 ¡Eftj ,y`myut jhc3y` t-io4 ig.yu- dydhy]o t-a3 mjh4 ljurhyupfgte - beg=yug[4 rf=gh - .jhyut¢5 TG~JGT73 ¡Ydfuy`yug[4 tj kfrgi .hcgikyu`¢5 Jri r`gh qghgcf]j6`777 Yu.gxj` hgvj`777 Gvx xyu fr4 Vf.yug84 xyu777 Tjhcfu khj] lf/ghgno io lgr]hf6r rf=gho .jhfn777 G,` .gkyuy` fhm4 ljh rf=gho wym` - dgnjr g`x-h777 Kf8r4 r`ghm my f=egv`hf`h fh9 Vgiyeyro4 Vysr-wo4 Rjtyho4 Vyuxgh777 My f`fm myv`f`o9 Kgnjpgh4 F=jrge-3 po4 Rg/gh777 Grg84 ,yrkysghj8`4 y` ig`0kfn fr fu h`gh]777 Ig`0kfn fr4 ig`0kfn777 Qghg3 cf]j6` tf` lg`fughhf`jh77 Wg`fro4 Xgujpo4 Hgpgho4 F=jgbg`o4 +fujh4 Jrglgio4 Rfto777 Cty/hgr gvr ghyuhhf`o777 Yut y` lghxj;fr qgtejx9 hg, ghyuho lg`]`yu777 Fp- hyvhjri eg`jm dy`[fr g/gh] jtghgnyu xjtg]jhjx ghyuho4 j6hc g`z-m i§yuhfhgv eg`j dy`[o777 M~JRKYRJ “"GVHO73 Fr rysy`f]j lg`] kgn777 Fu g/gajh lg`]r mfb ft yu==yut4 Lgv`777 TG~JGT73 Eyny`jh tj8 rj`j`4 t-i g/ t-i rj`j`4 bgug8ir777 M~JRKYRJ “"GVHO73 ¡Tf[ xgxg`hf`ys4 lfkob3 lfk- gufnj eg`’'`4 tjhcfu qjcj lgrhfno¢5 Jhcy6u777 Jhcy6u777 Jhcy6u777 ¡M`jrkyro eg]yut - gcmf`o5 Kfrjnmo cmg]gu¢5 RGKGHGV73 ¡X-tmjh9 ijrglfdhgigh4 ijrgk,yu` z;jk¢5 Yu`fth4 y`y.f]j` dhgn777 Tfhgi py=hfn jhÓ777 Ghg`zgh lgtg`f]j` jt hf`igvyupjuho my iy=mjh777 J8hc g`g[777 Gryut fr io dg6r hy3 `j]777 Cfr dgv4 c-8777 Dgr j6hc ghfr777 G/gh] hy` 84

grfnjmj j6hc jtgrk i§yuhfhgv my f`i`y`x dg3 nyurko777 Jhmx -n djkfr4 y` g.,g`lo tgbgcgw jri cj wy,yuj4 tg`xigvjh g`gkhf`o cfh sf`g3 hgv4 tf=mo ghxgxg` hy`ghy` rgltghhf` io hyugqj777 :gkif`g]hyut fr4 j8hc vjtg` egh io njh-` fp- dgvj` fu hyvho i`ih-j`4 jhc grfn fr tjhcfu ljtg777 Cfr dgv4 c-8777 My g;glys lf/yuj] xgrf` io kgr eyny`jh4 jri fr io thgt hyvh rfugdy`[o777 Cfr dgv4 cfr dgv777 LG~JU~G:FK73 Eg]f] gcmf`o777 ifhxghj xf/777 !3JH WG~JRF}J73 X-84 ljtg grg4 f`fm 0`3 ugv ohpg]myut jhc;-6r -j` sf`g.jhfnyu kgqg3 `o777 Tjhcxf/ jhhf`y`x zgth -9 xf/ cfr ig3 `y=ghyut jhmx mfb w`ifn777 M~JRKYR73 {g`g¨u ft777 $3~X WG~JRF}J73 J6hc4 j6hc777 Eg8`Ó` grg4 cj nruyut777 ¡Tj f`jkgrg`x qg`;ji0`-h tgdn]yut - ,gch j sf`4 gighao t0kf]hyut M`jrkyrjh4 g;g dn,ys ghyut fu ]g[ rglyut ,gcj]¢5 F~JKGRG~X73 Grg]9 [g`gu ft777 @3~X WG~JRF}J73 {g`gu - ljurh Vysr-wj y`xjh777 {g`g¨u -777 #3~X WG~JRF}JH73 R;yuhdo mg]g,j t-a po`3 a-m4 x`-m ef`ghjh777 ¡G/gajh Wg`jrf]jh nf=g,g/h mg]g,ys p`ayut - r;yuhdo4 xhyut f=-dj [gv`jh yu t0kf]hyut M`jrkyrj ef`ghjh¢5 M~JRKYR73 ¡Sf`ajh z;jko eg.,fnys tg`xigh]¢5 Gt-h jhc igkg`yug[ -777 Lg8v`4 my Óf/mh ft gughxyut jt lydjh777 ¡Tg`xigvjh sf`ajh g=g=gio4 fu Vjryur M`jr3 85

kyro gughxyut - j` lydjh¢5 RGKGHGV73 ¡K,yu` lfdhghmys¢5 Y`yslfkfu d`yug[ - gvr eyny`o777 Gt-h jhc hg,gkfryug[ - sg=yu]777 H`gh zgv/gwy` df`fbtgho io xhfh4 yu f`fm 0`j] hg vg`yupjuh i§g/hj777 D`yug[ -4 d`yug[7775 ¡Bjhyuy`hf`j] t-io k-dys ,y]yut - M`jrkyrj iy=f`o¢5 BJHYUY~73 G`juh fngu tg`thj] fu ayu`777 ¡M`jrkyrjh jaf]hyut fh ,gcj]4 ikguhf`j t-a wgpgpyut fu tg`tjho kghyut4 xhyut fh zgv/g3 wy` df`fbtgho yu tj lrigv mg`ys wgiyut tyukmo¢5 !3JH WG~JRF}J73 X-84 ljtg kfrhfhm y6h] vg`yupjuh g/hyut7775 ¡Vghig`[ g`fuo4 y` tjhc gvx ;gv[g/ -` yu ijbjc4 tjghdgtj] ,gug`yut -4 rgrkji gh’'`fu riruyut4 gt;`y; yu igv[gi5 Kgqg`j sg`gdyv`o sf`fuj] tjhcfu hf`mfu ;gk/uyut -4 egzghuyut f`iyu tgrj4 nruyut - qf=myuy= zgv/f`j ‘'gvh4 wy3 py`jij igkg=j y/hy]4 vy`xg]y= dfkf`j ,fhpg3 ]g[ g=tyui¢5 LG~JU~G:FK73 ¡Dy/yut -¢5 Jrig;-8r gvr tg`xo g`xg` -`777 Jrig;-8r Grk[yv Y`xjh -` hg777 ¡Riruyut - gl/fnj tj j`g`gh]yut5 Eyny`o j`g` iy,i`kfnys4 rg`rgwglg` wg,cyut fh glf= kg3 `f`mj]5 Efto xgkg`i -5 F`fuyut - Igvgwgh5 Lgv3 fg]mo ;=ky` -4 tgbf`o dbyug[4 ;gktyuqgho9 tjhcfu iyu`[mo eg]5 Gvhmgh - kg`yug[ j` rfuf3 /yuh dg=gwg`ys4 y` cj -n higkyut kg`f`mo4 y`o ig`[fr y8u` y` - h`gh io ;yij dfkhj] yu io kghj j` lfk5 Hg t0kfhyut - ,gcjh4 sf` tgdn]yut4 ighdhyut - M`jrkyrj kf=o fu4 wypy`ij t-a vyurg3 lgk dy/gnys4 kg`g[yut pfuf`o777¢5 86

SF~AGEGH ¡Xgkg`i eft5 <y`o kjfbf`gigh ,g=g=yupjuh5 Cy`r iy=to y=y=yug[ - ;gv[g/4 tgmyu` fu g`xg` nyvrys5 Eftj ,y`mj] lghxg`k mgvnf`ys4 gtey=ay3 sjh r;jkgi lgdg[4 gh.kg; x-;j tfb - dgnjr Vjryur M`jrkyro9 ,g=g= z;jko x-tmjh¢5 M~JRKYR73 Glg fr Ófb lfk ft eyny` 0`f3 `yut9 tjhcfu g.,g`lj sg,qgho5 Rj`f]-8m tjt3 fgh]4 jhc;-r fu fr rj`f]j Ófb5 Gufnj tf[ r-` yc ym cyuhj4 mgh gvh4 y` t-ih j` ifghmo kgv j` eg`figthf`j lgtg`5 Xyum jt eg`figthf`h -m fu io thgm jt rj`yv t-a4 fp- ;gl-m jt ;gkyuj`ghhf`o5 Thg]-8m jt t-a fu fr9 Óf` t-a5 Jhc;-r qju=o jhmh j`fh cj ig`y= ;kyu= ef`fn9 fp- y`pgkyuhij s`gv lgrkgkyug[ cnjhj4 hyvh;-r fu xyum9 fp- jt s`gv lgrkgkyug[ cnjh-m5 Fr ft q.tg`jk y`pgkyuhio4 jri xyum9 jt qju=f`o5 Rj`f]-8m tjtfgh]4 gvr ft Ófb ;gkyuj`yut5 ¡_n gufnj - t0kfhyut eftg/gamjh4 lgvfg]mh yu==yug[ ig`[fr eyny`jh yu hgfu ju`gmghcju`jh¢5 3 Jri ljtg rysy`fh mg=0pfn tjgrjh5 I`ihf]-m jt fkfuj]5 Lgv` tf`4 y` vf`ijhr fr4 ryu`e f=j]j ghyuh my4 fifr]- g`mgvyupjuh my7 f=j]jh igtm my4 y`;-r vf`ijhr fu vf`i`j5 Blg] tf` lghg;gby`x kyu` tfb gvr0` fu py= tfb b;g`kjr tf` y`;-r fu tfm py=yutm tf`y] ;g`kg;ghg]5 Fu tj kghj` btfb j wy`Óyu3 pjuh4 gvn w`ifg btfb j cg`-5 Bj my - g`mg3 vyupjuh fu b0`yupjuh4 gvzt fu tj.k vgujkfghr5 Gt-h5 87

ò²ÜΠزîºÜ²Þ²ðÆê 1. سñáõÃ³Û ê³ñÇ ²Ùå»ñÁ« Øáõß»Õ ¶³ÉßáÛ»³Ý« 1985 2. ì»ñçÇÝ ´³Å³ÏÁ« ¼³å¿É ºë³Û»³Ý« 1986 3. äá¿ÙÝ»ñ« ´³Ý³ëï»ÕÍáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ« è³½ÙÇÏ ¸³õáÛ»³Ý« 1986 4. ºñμ ä³ï³ÝÇ ºÝ« Ú³Ïáμ ú߳ϳݫ 1986 5. гÛÏ³Ï³Ý Ð³ñóÁ ʳճÕáõû³Ý ÄáÕáíÇÝ ²éç»õ« 1987 6. Ø»ñ ì³½ùÁ« Ðñ³Ý¹ سûõá뻳ݫ 1987 7. ²é³ù»ÉáõÃÇõÝ ØÁ Æ Ì³åÉí³ñ« ºñáõ³Ý¹ úﻳݫ 1987 8. àëÏÇ ²åñç³Ý« ²ñ÷dzñ ²ñ÷dzñ»³Ý« 1988 9. ìßïÇ ÌÇͳի ²é³ÝÓ³ñ« 1988 10. ¶áÛݽ·áÛÝ Â³·³õáñáõÃÇõÝÁ« ØÏñïÇã ²ñÙ¿Ý« 1988 11. гñ³½³ï àñ¹Ç« ºñáõ˳ݫ 1988 12. î³Õ»ñ« ê³Û³Ã Üáí³« 1989 13. ´³Ý³ëï»ÕÍáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ«Ð³Ùû ê³Ñ»³Ý« 1989 14. ÐáëÑáëÇ Ò»é³ï»ïñÁ« Ú³Ïáμ ä³ñáÝ»³Ý« 1989 15. Ø³ï»³Ý àÕμ»ñ·áõû³Ý« ¶ñÇ·áñ ܳñ»Ï³óÇ« 1990 16. ػݳõáñ ÀÝÏáõ½»ÝÇÝ« ì³ñ¹·¿ë ä»ïñá뻳ݫ 1990 17. ²ñÙ³ï ºõ ¾áõÃÇõÝ« ²ÉÇëdz ÎÇñ³Ïá뻳ݫ 1990 18. Ô¿ÕáÛÇ ²ñïÁ« ²õ»ïÇë ²Ñ³ñáÝ»³Ý« 1991 19. гÙáí Ðáïáí« ¶³ñ»·ÇÝ ºåë. êñáõ³ÝÓﻳÝó« 1991 20. ä³ïÙáõ³ÍùÝ»ñ« Ú³Ïáμ ØÝÓáõñÇ« 1991 21. ػͳå³ïÇõ Øáõñ³óϳÝÝ»ñ« Ú³Ïáμ ä³ñáÝ»³Ý« 1991 22. ²Ù»Ý³ï³ù ºñÏÇñÁ« èáõμ¿Ý Úáíë¿÷»³Ý« 1992 23. ÂáõÕà ²é ºñ»õ³Ý« ²Ý¹ñ³ÝÇÏ Ì³éáõÏ»³Ý« 1992 24. ´³Ý³ëï»ÕÍáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ« ì³Ñ³·Ý ¸³õû³Ý« 1992 25. ä³ïÙáõ³ÍùÝ»ñ« ºñáõ˳ݫ 1993 26. ²é³ÏÝ»ñ« ²Û·»ÏóÇ« ØËÇóñ ¶ûß« 1993 27. ä³ïÙáõ³ÍùÝ»ñ« ²ñ³Ù гÛϳ½« 1993 28. Ø»ÏÝáõÃÇõÝ 20 êñμ³ÝϳñÝ»ñáõ« Úáíë¿÷ êñÏ. ²ß·³ñ»³Ý« 1994 29. Ø»ÕùÇ Þáõß³ÝÝ»ñ« ºÕÇí³ñ¹« 1995

88

30. λ³ÝùÁ ÐÇÝ ÐéáíÙ¿³Ï³Ý ֳݳå³ñÑÇ ìñ³Û« ì³Ñ³Ý ÂáÃáí»Ýó« 1996 31. êÇñáÛ ºõ ²ñϳÍÇ îÕ³ùÁ« ì³½·¿Ý Þáõ߳ݻ³Ý« 1996 32. ÈéáõÃÇõÝÁ« ²õ»ïÇë ²Ñ³ñáÝ»³Ý« 1998 33. Ø»½³ÝÇó Ú»ïáÛ« ä»ñ× ¼¿ÛÃáõÝó»³Ý« 1998

89