KITCHEN SAFETY FOR OLDER ADULTS

Introduction

WHY SHOULD WE CARE ABOUT KITCHEN DESIGN FOR THE ELDERS

The level of functional independence is determined by the level of functional limitation, which means the restrictions on basic mental and physical actions (Stuck et al., 1999, p. 445-446). According to Figure 1, the functional capacity starts to decrease from adult life to older age. Therefore is important to consider levels of functional independence- whether the client lives with a wheelchair or caregiver- when designers are designing for different clients, especially for the elders. Some physical illness and mental discoordination have impeded he elderly from fully interacting with their environment because they lose functional independence. For example, the common disease osteoarthritis causes stiffness and decreases the older ’s range of motion, and some of them will have difficulties walking or even standing (Stuck et al., 1999, p. 445-446); cognition impairment like dementia could cause difficulties reading, understanding, or expressing. With the malfunctioning body the interaction with the surroundings will be challenging (Parke et al., 2013, p. 1206). Additionally, other major risk factors like falling could exasperate the functional status decline, and community-living persons who are 65 years or older have experienced at least one fall annually (Fahlström et al., 2018, p. 575). may seem surprising that so many people fall in their own kitchen, yet some of the seemingly most innocent rooms in the home can actually be he most dangerous (Parnes, F 2009, p.01 In this poster, the research tends to reduce the risk of falling and maintain independence for the elders in the kitchen design.

Methodology

The poster integrates study that intends to examine different parts in the kitchen that could cause the accident of falling, starting by observing the journey map of an elder’s one day in the kitchen. According to the journey map, plan mind map is drawn in order to analyze and collect design problems in the kitchen. From the plan mind map, set of elements are highlighted, including the layout, flooring, grab bars and lighting according to the collected information. Next in the design opportunities, each of the highlights will be parrelly layed out and discussed with more etailed researched information and design variations. At last, system map will conclude the work flow of design for the kitchen regarding different levels of functional independence.

Flow Chart

JOURNEY MAP + PLAN MIND MAP

GRANDMOTHER’S ONE DAY IN HER APARTMENT

Design Opportunity

1. GENERAL KITCHEN LAYOUT COMPARISON STOVE+ FRIDGE+ SINK+ (DINING) kitchen’s layout and design plays a crucial role its function and safety. The useful design suggestion related to risk of falling are:

Stoves should be installed where they won’t present a work-flow or traffic hazard. placed too close to doorway anyone entering the kitchen may accidentally knock pot off the stove, brush their skin against the heated metal, or even catch their sleeve on fire.

- The refrigerator and stove should be kept far enough from one another that anyone transferring hot things from the oven will not run into someone else who is getting food from the refrigerator

(Kitchen Safety at the Center Kitchen Design, 2022, online From the observation of the popular kitchen plan, most of the ayouts are not friendly enough for the wheelchair because challenging make lots of turns in a confined space. According to the circulation presented, is hypothesized that the single wall and L-shaped kitchen could be the most friendly layout for users with wheelchairs.

System Map

2. DIFFERENT KINDS OF GRAB BARS

Grab bars could significantly reduce the risk of falling (Burfield, 2019, online). From the collected information about grab bars, the suction grab bar is least friendly to the uses due to its instability.

These grab bars are installed securely to the wall with mounting screws and anchors (Hall, 2022, online).

3. INCREASE LIGHTING

- Lighting a kitchen layers eliminates shadows and helps ensure safe work surface. The key to lighting in layers is to install light fixtures in a variety of places, including the ceilings, under cabinets, inside cabinets, over kitchen islands and in the form of pendant lighting.

- Install Different Types of Lighting. Installing different types of lighting is another way to light in layers. Different types light fixtures point light different directions, which ultimately helps ensure kitchen surfaces are properly lit.

- Make the Most of Natural Lighting. Multiple windows, skylight and large windows in the kitchen will maximize natural light. And most of the kitchen lighting should be pendant lighting.

Additionally, eco-friendly and efficient to use dimmable CFLs and LEDs. (Kitchen Safety at the Center Kitchen Design, 2022, online

Design Opportunity

One of the most common injuries in the kitchen caused by slipping and falling. When people are cooking with slippery substances like oils and water, it’s inevitable that some of them will get on the floor. Slip resistance is vital because grease, spills and even wet food can cause nasty fall. Therefore, installing non-slip flooring the kitchen is recommended.

Some good slip-resistant flooring choices are laminate, textured tile and soft-glazed ceramic tile. Some types of synthetic material, cork, vinyl planks and laminate are all nonslip. The floor should support promote the ease of trave-the right flooring allows clients to move quickly, even they are using wheelchair, walker or cane. If the kitchen has tile flooring, a throw rug with non-skid backing good idea, especially around areas that get wet often.

(Kitchen Safety the Center of Kitchen Design, 2022, online

Other Factors to Consider

Adjustable clamps fit the grab bar base tightly over the rim of the bathtub, providing stability when getting in and out of the tub (Hall, 2022, online).

Affordability: the choosen material should fit the budget without compromising on quality and durability.

Maintenance: elder people do not want to spend too much time on cleaning. Try to find flooring material that’s easy to clean and doesn’t require regular treatment to maintain it.

Comfort: Softer flooring puts less pressure on users’ joints, so they won’t have as much pain as they walk. Avoid materials that retain heat or cold because they could be uncomfortable for users’ feet.

Health concerns: users have allergies or other respiratory conditions, the dust and allergens in the air can trigger symptoms. Consider the best flooring to prevent allergies so their house can be safe and comfortable.

(Best Flooring for Older Adults, 2022, online)

Course: Health Care Design of the Future

Instructor: Yousef Bushehri

Fall 2022

These grab bars attach to the wall with suction cups and are best used as temporary measure, such as when traveling or while recovering from certain surgeries or injuries. Suction grab bars are generally used to assist with balance and not intended support your full body weight. These bars should only be installed on nonporous surface, such as tile—never on drywall (Hall, 2022, online).

These grab bars fold-down or flip-up when not in use save space in tight areas, such as beside the toilet or sink (Hall, 2022, online).

Free-standing grab bars are often floorto-ceiling tension bars located beside the tub or shower to assist with exiting and entering. Another type is a toilet enclosure with stand-alone rails and a safety base to help with sitting down and standing up (Hall, 2022, online).

Figure 3. Grab Bars. Retrieved October 20, 2022, https://www.forbes. com/health/healthy-aging/best-grab-bars/

Conclusion

According to the journey map, the elders could spend a lot of ime in kitchen in their every-day life, and according to all the collected information, kitchen is a room where contains lots of safety threats that could cause elders to fall when they are spending their time in there. Therefore it is important for designers to be aware of these latent threats and reduce the risk of falling in the kitchen. In order to achieve this goal the designer could improve the general kitchen layout, add grab bars to necessary places in the kitchen, increase lighting in the kitchen, and choose non-slippery flooring. By the observation of different layouts, the single wall and L shaped layout could be most the friendly for the wheelchair users. All the grab bars expect for suction bar are efficient to reduce the risk of falling. From researching about types of fixtures, there are five different types of lights that could be combined to increase lighting. At last, the material of flooring in the kitchen should be abrasive enough to prevent falling. With all the information a system map is designed, the stronger the functional independence, the wider range of propriate design options are given to the designer According to different independence situations, different design elements are chosen from the list. And there could be further study about the accessibility to different devices and different appliance dimensions for different levels of independence.

Chef System

Cooking Help For Executive Function

Course: Health Care Design of the Future

ANNIE YINING CHEN, SARAH GRUNERT, RYAN STODDARD, ALEXANDRA RACHMAN, DOUGLAS

DILLMAN

INSTRUCTOR: YOUSEF BUSHEHRI

Fall 2022

Cooking and Aging into Cognitive Decline

Many adults that wish to age in their homes are aging into disability. Instrumental activities of daily living can be difficult to independently complete when an individual has cognitive disabilities that present declining executive functioning over time. Most of these activities require at least one type of executive function to complete independently. In the kitchen, cooking a meal presents many personenvironment interactions that are impacted by the decline of organizational function (Marsden et al., 2001). Cooking is considered a joyous part of life, and cognitive decline can make it impossible to do it independently (Reitman Centre Team, 2020). Across the majority of cognitively declining individuals, the ability to use the executive function to follow the complex instructions of a recipe makes the type of meals possible to cook simple (Johanasson et al., 2011). We want to propose a solution that allows the individual to cook even with EF deficits, not only to mitigate the risks associated with the IADL but to inspire joy in the activity. We propose a user interface that acts as an interactive recipe book connected to additive lights that connect through Bluetooth. Essentially, a device-specific to the kitchen that you input the directions to your recipes and enter which appliance corresponds to each morning. The interface at each step would allow you to read the task (or hear it if you have acoustic needs), select the appliance used (which turns on the corresponding light), and begin the task, which starts the timer. This system allows you to break down a recipe by step in a way that printing it does not since it isolates each task.

MIND MAP + JOURNEY MAP

The literature review found that design principles encompass assistive technology, environmental design, and universal design as a response to cognitive decline in aging adults. CHEF System addresses each one (Grey et al., 2015):

• Participatory Design: CHEF System encourages the user to adjust the interface to their needs, and allows the user to add their recipes.

• Familiar Design: An interface with colors, fonts, and icons that are easy to recognize.

• Personalization: CHEF allows you to develop a user bio, have favorite recipes, and personalize the accessiblity features.

• An Environment that is Easy to interpret/Calm: CHEF System allows you to walk through the recipe one step at a time, highlights the space you should be in through the lights, and engages you in the process of cooking.

• Visual Access to Key Areas/Objects: The additive lights act as guides to where you are in the recipe, as it is controlled by the recipe.

• Unobtrusive Safety Measures: Providing Assistive Technology System that controls the environment of your cooking experience at your own pace.

• Distinct/Legible: Distinguishes the different areas of the kitchen with lights.

Interventions: Universal Design, Environmental Design, + Assistive Technology

Understanding the deficits of ADLs and IADLs can inform where the emphasis is placed when designing their executive functioning (Zilm, 2014). A guide to Universal design for Dementia-friendly dwellings has already been published in Ireland, establishing guidelines that allow people with dementia to stay in their homes and community while supporting their cognitive function (Grey et al., 2015). The guide empowers individuals with dementia with spaces that promote personal identity, high self-esteem, personal autonomy, and meaningful activities. In the context of cooking a meal in the kitchen, these strategies can be applied to aid in instrumental activity and inspire the joy that cooking brings to many lives. Principles that encompass these ideas are listed in the diagram (Grey et al., 2015).

Prototype

The prototype of the user interface comprises a series of transparent icons that aim to lower the user barrier. The home screen includes icons of three sub-screens: Settings Screen, User Profile Screen, and Recipe Book Screen. Users could edit personal information on the User Profile Screen, and the intelligent system could generate a suggested cooking help setting for the users to adopt. Users can keep personalizing the lighting, sound, and fonts on the Settings Screen in their own cooking assistant system. The Recipe Book Screen provides online and offline recipes for users to import, and users can also personalize their recipes.

Simulations

The CHEF system produces unlimited scenarios; the user interface cooperates with the kitchen lighting system (see Figure 5). During the cooking process, the task and time length of each step in the cooking recipe and corresponding task lighting will appear on the screen. Meanwhile, in the kitchen, the task light above the appliance needed for the task will be on. The users can start or end each step based on personal needs.

Confined Space X Rebellious Movement

Georgia Tech with Savannah College of Art and Design

SARAH COLLINS (Instructor)

YUAN TIAN (Fashion Design)

YINING CHEN (Set Design)

PARKER ASEL (Model)

LYCORIS YAN (Photography)

Fall 2022

In the 1948 film Red Shoes, Peggy, the ballerina, is painfully torn between her career and love. The story is a tragedy. The red shoes are a piece of attraction worn by the protagonist, symbolizing feminine ambition. In the old days, women were not allowed to have career desires. Therefore, in Andersen’s fairy tale, the gods punished the heroine by making her lose her feet for wanting the red shoes. This project aims to show a modern, feminine attitude toward the old story. It intends to exhibit the softness and power of females when pursuing dreams and living life, like a ballet dancer dancing to her music and like her toes in ballerinas, shiny and bright outside, pain and persistence inside.

INITIAL CONCEPT | RED SHOES SKETCH OF FASHION DESIGNER AND SET DESGINER

Movement Code: PHYSAREALM

To resonate with the concept of women’s ambition and desire towards their voice and choice in society, along with their gentile yet strong spirit to survive, the condition of the space intends to depict growing and struggling gestures inside of a defined and confined “box. “ The exterior shape conveys minimal space for the development of the body whereas the vigorous geometry, within the strength accumulated inside of the box, suggests a possibility of breaking through the confined shape and growing with freedom.

DANCER #001

DANCER #007

DANCER #002

DANCER #008

DANCER #003

DANCER #009

DANCER #004

DANCER #010

DANCER #005

DANCER #011 is one of the easiest eukaryotic microbes to grow in culture, and it is a model organism for many studies involving amoeboid movement and cell motility. It uses the shortest path to find its food. In grasshopper, the forms of Physarum mimic the dancers’ movements and grow vigorous in the “box.”

Physarum

SPATIAL CONCEPT | WILD GROWTH

DANCER- SPACE INTERACTION

DANCER #006

DANCER #012