Design Heals - Undergraduate Research Documentation

Method for Design Research

Swinburne University

2021

HS1 DDD40001

Xuan Truc Nguyen 102843870

Research Report

SEEKING FOR A HEALING EXPERIENCE

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Design Heals

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this paper is to discuss that the spatial structure of place have an ability to positively affect human body’s recovery from serious illness and truly enhance the health of the population through applying evidence-based design practices and fostering community engagement. The research question identified for this study was: “How the share profound features of “sense of coherence” and “sense of community” lead to the hidden, healing power of interior architecture?”.

Xuan Truc Nguyen | Design Heals

Background: Public space is considered as the expression of social life is a city and its culture. There always a correlation between streets, squares, and parks and the well-being of urban residence.

The fundamental human need - effectively socializing are negatively affected by the global pandemic (COVID-19) which resulted in an increase of poor mental health. This difficult time leads to the significant needs for new design approaches that can promote human health both physically and mentally. “The way we build and organise our cities can help or hinder social connection,” reads a Grattan Institute report (2012).

METHODS: Sources were gathered in 2021. This paper focused on studies addressing the topic of healing architecture and used qualitative techniques to collect and analyse primary data.

Result: The research revealed the link between psychology and design are the main factor that faster the healing process of patients. Interior, Architecture, and Landscape design is critical in navigating the intersection of space, people, and health.

Value: In the post-pandemic context, public space will maintain the position as the foundation for sharing our cities despite of the distance restriction. This research refined how should we design an adaptable public space based on “sense of coherence” and “sense of community” for reducing mental health inequalities caused by COVID-19.

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Images: Street Photography by Alan Schaller

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Literature Review

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Methods and Design Statement

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Preliminary Design Analysis

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Thematic Coding Schema

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Research Findings

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Design Brief

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Research CONCLUSION

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Bibliography

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Appendix

Images: Places of the soul by SergeNajjar

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Xuan Truc Nguyen | Design Heals

Table of Content

Xuan Truc Nguyen | Design Heals

Literature Review

Abstract Over the past few decades, the effect of architectural design of both physic and mental health facilities on the users has been showed by the rage of evidence-based practice research. The spatial perception and architecture can serve as a stimulus in the creation of a therapeutic atmosphere, which can change people's physical and psychological behaviour. This section sets out to review existing knowledge across the architecture and health literature with the purpose of exploring how overall wellness of population can be improved by individuals experience particular physical researched spaces. By breaking the concept of therapeutic approaches in to precise components, such as salutogenics, biophilia and multi-sensory design. The article the concentrates on identifying their outcome for healing intention and fostering healing relationship.

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Images: Shadow Life by Vangelis Paterakis

Xuan Truc Nguyen | Design Heals

INTRODUCTION

World Health Organisation coined the definition of health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” (WHO, 2020). We live in a contemporary post-industrial society, in which health policy must concentrate on ‘wellness’ as well as ‘treatment’. Now with COVID-19, we are entering a time of radical transition in how we work, socialise, and live. The roots of rational uncertainty can be generated by many scientists forecasting that the world will face tougher pandemics in the future. On the off chance that we, as a society, do not discover approaches to keep up physical and emotional relations when confronting comparative pandemics, the recurrence once or twice every decade can just exacerbate their detrimental impact on us (Sikali, 2020). Hence, it may lead us to believe that becoming alone and distant is secure and safe, whereas being forthcoming, interactive and social is hazardous action (Oosterhoff, Wilson, and Shook, 2020). Social isolation and physical distancing measures rules that protect people from COVID-19 will later make building community connections more complex and could negatively impact our civic mental and physical health (Smith & Lim, 2020).

The aim for this review is to discuss how architectures integrate health, science and innovation in the creation of healthy built environment for reducing mental health inequalities that provides a basic for a draft definition. It outlines the links between the built environment and healing, and suggests further research on this issue in cities.

Images: Victoria Park Public Domain, Sydney, Australia; designed by HASSELL.

THE BUILD ENVIRONMENT & HUMAN HEALTH

Even though, the architecture of our time is dominated by the visual and lose its plasticity (Pallasmaa, 2011), architecture’s intangible qualities like its aesthetic value of our surroundings still can maintain the ability to communicating the value of our society (Murphy & Mansfield, 2017). Beautiful environments are not only relaxing, but they have also been shown to be sources of pleasure, making us feel less nervous and depressed (Ulrich et al, 1991). It’s time for us to rethink, improve and build architecture for the greater benefit without compromising human needs “in the belief that architecture has the power to heal” (Murphy & Mansfield, 2017, p.85).

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Public centres and city master plans must be developed to support disease prevention by providing an active community where residents walk and can make the most of the urban architecture’s beauty. Also, it increases the chance for residences to receive social supports which places importance on an individual’s health and well-being promotion (Dilani, 2017). In order not only to further encourage and promote human welfare but also to create a conversation between therapeutic technologies and sensorial aesthetics (Fisher, 2011). Data is a contributing factor in designing the enlightened architecture (Murphy & Mansfield, 2017).

"It is unlike a clinical environment, " says David Wal-lace. "It feels very domestic" (Maggie's Centre, 2017)

Xuan Truc Nguyen | Design Heals

Although there are many evidence-based practices articles support the links between welfare and design practise and the links between interior space, environment and effect, there are limited basic concepts of design for use in therapeutic environments, particularly with regard to their affectionate measurements (Liddicoat, 2019). Furthermore, healthcare interventions in most nations, particularly those addressing mental health issues, are provided in clinics and hospitals, while programmes aimed at protecting, improving, and promoting people's physical, psychological, and social well-being are usually carried out in schools, community organisations, the workplace and their houses. The architecture profession has a very real ability to provide ideal healing conditions by embracing the creation of a therapeutic atmosphere in the use of space, especially contexts in this recent Third Era of Health (Mazuch, 2017).

In the words of Stokols (1992), the design concept for health-promoting environments is based on three different aspects of health: physical, mental and social. It's worth noting here that salutogenic and biophilic design principles which are also known as therapeutic practice and design will improve the population health as the basis of social and economic growth (Dilani, 2017; Weyer, 2017). Salutogenic design isn’t simply treating illness; instead, the design movement directs attention to supporting active health. Meanwhile, biophilic design is not only all about bringing nature back into our daily life, but also assisting in the healing process (Mazuch, 2017). In addition, there’s more scientific research comes to light on a better understanding of the concept for multi-sensory design in which way our senses interact, be it in architecture, especially when it’s considered for human health (Farrelly, 2014).

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Images: Maggie's Centre, Newcastle, UK; created by architect Cullinan Studio and interior designer David Wallace

HEALING ARCHITECTURE | SALUTOGENIC DESIGN

Xuan Truc Nguyen | Design Heals

A recent case study is the new Lady Cilento Children’s Hospital which is also the Australian’s first healthcare building to be built using the concepts of salutogenic design; it was built to emphasise on developing a psychosocially healthy environment in South Brisbane, Queensland. The project builds on the lessons of the previous ones of Corbett Lyon (2017), and a rising amount of evidence-based practice and study in Australia and abroad.

Modern strategies for achieving this sense of coherence in healthcare design include architectural structures to provide simple and natural way-finding, spacial arrangements and interior furnishing that bring a feeling of control ability, a purpose and meaning to patients and provide an emotional affinity toward nature (Lyon, 2017).

It is also an essential part to create pleasing and welcoming environments that facilitate social engagement and social support, as well as in order to build restoration spaces and private conversations (Dilani, 2017).

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Images: New Lady Cilento Children's Hospital; designed by Lyons and Brisbane Architects Conrad.

Theory of salutogenesis is mentioned in Aaron Antonovsky's book - Health, Stress and Coping (1979), in which a powerful description of the theoretical formulation that explain why the quality of person’s environment was a key factor influencing a person's ability to face and overcome the life-stress experience, which he called a "sense of coherence”. This makes one recall Lindström and Eriksson (2010) observation in the same subject that “We understand this commonly as ‘keeping it together’ in the face of adversity, and it manifests itself, when facing serious health challenges, through manageability: the availability of resources and a supportive social network; comprehensibility, intended as a comforting backdrop that offers order and familiarity; and meaningfulness, understood as the inspiring realisation that there are important ‘phenomena’ in life and nature” (Lindström & Eriksson, 2010).

Their point of views led to the development of salutogenic architecture.

Xuan Truc Nguyen | Design Heals

NATUR E A ND PROX IMIT Y | B I O P H I L I C D E S I G N The term “biophilia hypothesis” come from Edward Wilson, a Harvard biologist who studied the lack of connection with nature caused by urban life, first known use in Biophilia (1984), which described the genetic predisposition we have towards nature. A wide range of humans common health problems such as stress, anxiety, depression, sleep disorder or even high blood pressure and more were treated and further improved on our health and well-being by the participation of biophilic design practices in architecture, which are quantified by numerous follow-up studies (Ulrich 1984, 2008; Kellert and Wilson 1995; Kellert, Heerwagen & Mador, 2008; Van den Berg et al. 2015). Attention stress recovery theory, restorative environments theory, prospect/refuge theory, and other hypotheses were developed by researchers and professionals to better understand these situations. In any situation, human interaction or connection with a certain feature of nature leads to better healing, cognitive performance, or other benefits (Baum, 2019).

Biophilic architecture has the potential to accelerate healing in a world of growing populations, urbanisation, and increasingly safe living spaces (Mazuch, 2017). However, biophilic design isn’t simple as that may seem, it is far more complex, beyond a pot of flower in a balcony and an open space. Although biophilic design is most commonly recognised as integrating live plants into an area, it’s also about bringing outside in which covers water, sunshine, natural materials and even nature's sounds. In recent years, the idea of the therapeutic garden has also resurrected, as they do in the past, flowers and plants always contain a healing and restorative power, but during the rat race of modern world, sometime people miss to get the best out of it (Pearson, 1991; Ottoson & Grahn, 2005; cited in Spence, 2020). While gardens have a positive direct relation with nature, elements such as interior finish and artwork may aid in the creation of metaphoric links to nature (Baum, 2019).

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Images: The replanted garden of the Ford Foundation Centre for Social Justice; photo by Simon Luethi.

“Mountain, stone, water – building in the stone, building with the stone, into the mountain, building out of the mountain, being inside the mountain – how can the implications and the sensuality of the association of these words be interpreted, architecturally?”- Peter Zumthor (Roos, 2017, p.128)

Xuan Truc Nguyen | Design Heals

A SENSORY EXPERIENCE | MULTI-SENSORY ARCHITECTURE Architecture forms our way of living and coming together (Pallasmaa, 1996). Architects and designers are coming out to reject inequality and create space for empathy, understanding and healing against the pandemic and protests in every place (Honey-Roses, J., et al, 2020). Precisely, the sensory qualities of environments provoke man’s existential experience as authentic architecture is always about life, which let them effects their occupants at the social, emotional, and cognitive levels (Spence, 2020). The nature surroundings as physical objects are meaningless and merely nostalgia, without any contact with the feelings of people who lived in them; Or architecture is nothing but multi-sensory (Bille & Sørensen, 2018). To put it simply, we never perceive the real world only from visual sensation, but always by multi-sensory integration, even when we recall the past, hence, the way we react to the environment is the way we find ourselves (Spence, 2020).

For more than a decade, experts have been researching sensory healing environments with the intention of offering true healing environments to people (Spence, 2002, 2003, 2021; Spence & Keller, 2019). In studying sensory healing settings, the cardinal sensory receptors have been primarily based on: optical, acoustic, tactile, and olfactory parameters (Mazuch, 2017). There is a sentence in a Martin Heidegger’s essay “Building Dwelling Thinking” (2013): “The relationship of man through to places and through places to spaces is based on his dwelling with them”. Along the similar line, Hosey pointed out in the term of healthcare design that “While these findings have obvious implications for Medicare, the opportunities for architecture and urban planning are particularly intriguing. Designers are trained to focus mostly on the visual, but the science of design could significantly expand designers’ sensory palette. Call it medicinal urbanism.” (Hosey, 2013).

It’s undeniable that therapeutic contexts are different than art exhibition. More comprehensively, the topic of what kind of aesthetic contexts are suitable for people dealing with sickness, mental issues or other birth and death thresholds is a broad area of promising investigation (Fisher, 2011). The architecture as a whole itself acts as a communicative device (Ahlquist, Ketcheson & Colombi, 2017), since architecture has an ability to alienate us from the harsh reality, the current circumstances and transports us into the architect’s creation of environment where promotes wellnesses (Domash, 2014).

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Images: Therme Vals (1996), Vals, Switzerland; designed by Peter Zumthor; photos by Dion Robeson

Xuan Truc Nguyen | Design Heals

CONCLUSION In today’s life, most people live in cities and so it’s significant to know how the good consequence of people's experiences can be improved in the public spaces and other build environment where the architect can expand the focus of healing for promoting the overall wellness. The aim of the literature review is to figure out how architecture professionals use evidence-based practices and aesthetics to create a therapeutic atmosphere. A compilation of research-based design guidelines is provided to be used in the construction of inclusive, therapeutic environments that offer mental health resources and prioritise access to a physicality of development and effect.

There is no correct single way to approach a healing experience through biophilia, salutogenics and multi-sensory design. In the senses, the architect often functions like a musician, orchestrating space into a synchronisation with purpose and elegance – and the interaction between human and space is the vital part. Design as a practice holds out the promise of pleasure, and designer who reject living structure get their emotional satisfaction from aesthetic world. It draws together the relevant historical, current policy, along with social and cultural background in order to encourage further ideas, practices, discussions, and collaborations in endlessly searching for a meaningful and sustainable way of live.

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Images: The hole in the wall by SergeNajjar

INTRODUCTION

Xuan Truc Nguyen | Design Heals

Methods and Design Statement How the share profound features of “sense of coherence” and “sense of community” lead to the hidden, healing power of interior architecture?

In the literature review I have captured a series of elements that belong to evidence-based design practice in a narrow context as focusing on understanding the links between human health and their built environments. It’s worth mention here that the “sense of coherence” and “sense of community” have evolved considerably in parallel as regards the restorative potential of urban settings. My design research question is direct attention to the correlation between two concepts with the purpose of recognizing the strong integrative function of collective representation. This study as “finding the rule for the pattern” will establish how we design our buildings, cities and surrounding environments that not only alleviate the burden of lifestyle diseases caused mental health illness, especially during post-pandemic era, but also further encourage and promote human welfare overall.

METHODOLOGY The preliminary research process starts with social media data mining to capture individuals’ prospects above through people’s shared posts and comments in Instagram that related to both theories mentioned, followed by semi-structure interviews and on-site observation conducted in natural settings to investigate which places are perceived as restorative. .

Note:

Images: Glass by Bower Studios

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The detail definition for "Sense of coherence" and "Sense of community" are mentioned at Appendix A.

From the well-known social media – Instagram, I based on the definition of both theories mentioned above to choose the appropriate hashtags people intimated that their interaction or connection with a certain nature and man-made features led to better healing, cognitive performance, or other benefits.

The results of surface post also contained background information from pictures, captions, and comments of users across a variety demographics; country, language, gender, and age. I made used of a wider range of content contained in this platform with in order to study and grasp some main points that draws the relevance of surrounding environment, self-healing process, and general wellness.

Semi-structured Interviews

With the purpose of developing a better understanding and detecting analogous patterns of what people actually believe and experience beside digital world, I planned to use semi-structured interviews both in person and online via video call.

This qualitative exercise involved nine participants currently living in city area of Melbourne and Ho Chi Minh city, with a diverse demographic. Following the findings from both literature review and the raw result from social media mining literature review and raw result from the first method, these interviews explored candidates’ attitudes toward three major subjects: Nature and Proximity, Social Connection, and Mental Health issues - Stress, Anxiety and Depression.

On-site Observation

Observational research conducted in Melbourne public building: National Gallery of Victoria; data was collected on weekdays and weekends during the open time to reduce the likelihood of bias. In extending this research from public building, museum environment to nature settings, observation focuses on occupants’ behaviours in famous visited spaces, not technical aspects of the architecture.

This study aimed to determine whether “Sense of Coherence” and “Sense of Community” are involved in place that changed people's physical and psychological behaviours.

Coding

The primary data was interpreted and organized through a coding schema indicated the predictor of restoration possibility in the built environments which is influenced by factors, for instance, gender, generation, culture, and social components. With the intention to identify unanticipated themes within the research, constant comparison was used across the study.

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Xuan Truc Nguyen | Design Heals

Social Media Data Mining

Xuan Truc Nguyen | Design Heals

P r e l i m i n a r y D a t a A n a l y s i s vi.

SOCIAL MEDIA DATA MINING

From the “sense of community” and “sense of coherence” definitions, I attempted to divide the intimation of people’s perspective by their hashtags into two main group (table 1). All the employed Instagram’s hashtags were cautious selected to reach my target audience, which was not only specific in one location, Melboune, but also generalised about virtual space through communication platform.

SOCIAL MEDIA DATABy looking MINING at the photos and statuses of people

from who shared their occasions subjectively related to an active and thriving communities to who captured a piece of recognizing greatness happens From the “senseinofthe community” “sense moment, and I was ableof to coherence” understand how By looking at the photos and statuses of people from who shared their occasions subjectively related to an active and definitions, I attempted divide intimation ofsense people’s people1 to view andtheinterpret the of community thriving communities to who captured a piece of recognizperspective by their hashtags into two main group (table 1). and sense of coherence with or without knowing ing greatness happens in the moment, I was able to All the employed Instagram’s hashtags were cautious selected the existence of these theories. understand how people(1) view and interpret the sense of to reach my target audience, which was not only specific in one location, Melboune, but also generalised about virtual space through communication platform.

community and sense of coherence with or without knowing the existence of these theories.

Sense of Coherence Comprehensibility

Manageability

Sense of Community Meaningfulness

#placetobe #thismelbourne #melbmoment #melbournepics #liveinthemoment #melbourneiloveyou #cityofmelbourne #preciousmoments #meaningfulmoments Images: Meditation by SergeNajjar

Table 1: Hashtags Categorization

#melbourne #melbournelife #whatsonmelbourne

Note: 1. “People” mentioned here isn’t present a huge scale as global population. It is a small group of almost who were/have/are in Melbourne or share the same interested that related to Melbourne due to the limit of this research project.

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#melbourne

ix.

vii.

s Other

#melbourneiloveyou

#meaningfulmoments

SOCIAL MEDIA DATA MINING ANALYSIS

Fo o Building

In general, what people thought about “Sense of Community” according to used hashtags are things related to live in the moment, treasure our recent relationships, especial after pandemic, and feel safe at personal familiar spaces. For example, the amount of post about enjoying the well-known locations in Melbourne as well as exploring other interesting and remote ones which seemed abstract at first, but in the end, these were all about looking for a fascinating place to share memories with our people. At this point it followed the first element of the mentioned sense (Appendix A), which proved this data significantly connected with my research question. Some repeated information from these posts I took out as a keyword are: nature and wildlife experiences, be a part of group, belonging; be awareness and resilience; quality of communication; sharing both happiness and sadness...

32%

15%

17%

20%

Average theme distribution of Instagram posts during the research period Average theme distribution of Instagram posts during the research period Meanwhile, posts represented “Sense of Coherence” are mostly about thing in Melbourne as expected: Yarra River, street arts, street food, crowded streets, parks, people excercise, cyclists, street lights,... which satisfied the components - Comprehensibility (Appendix A). I found out the present of two other components at their captions and from other comments. In summary, people who gained the awareness of there are some good time and hard time, they didn’t be miserable when dealing with hardship, hence, they have a health and strong mental health compared to who mostly complained, posted negative information on the Internet. Other factors for wellbeing are the ability of recovery and revitalization, and having health relationships or tied social connections.

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#placetobe

Meanwhile, posts represented “Sense of Coherence” are mostly about thing in Melbourne as espected: Yarra River, street arts, street food, crowded streets, parks, people excercise, cyclists, street lights,... which satisfied the components - Comprehensibility (Appendix A). I found out the present of two other components at their captions and from other comments. In summary, people who gained the awareness of there are some good time and hard time, they didn’t be miserable when dealing with hardship, hence, they have a health and strong mental health compared to who mostly complained, posted negative information on the Internet. Other factors for wellbeing are the ability of recovery and revitalization, and having health relationships or tied social connections.

ies t i v cti A

Xuan Truc Nguyen | Design Heals

In general, what people thought about “Sense of Community” according to used hashtags are things related to live in the moment, treasure our recent relationships, especial after pandemic, and feel safe at personal familiar spaces. For example, the amount of post about enjoying the well-known locations in Melbourne as well as exploring other interesting and remote ones which seemed abstract at first, but in the end, these were all about looking for a fascinating place to share memories with our people. At this point it followed the first element of the mentioned sense (Appendix A), which proved this data significantly connected with my research question. Some repeated information from these posts I took out as a keyword are: nature and wildlife experiences, be a part of group, belonging; be awareness and resillience; quality of communication; sharing both happiness and sadness...

10%

S o c ial

#melbournelife

SOCIAL MEDIA DATA MINING ANALYSIS #whatsonmelbourne

on moti lE na

#melbourne

6%

re atu N

d

Per so

o d z-

viii.

x.

Global Theme

x.

INTERVIEW DATA Analysis

Global Theme

about my problem and stress. ”

involved in the stories that could be told. The result was a psycological well-being as related to “sense of communirich information about the way people perceived ty” and “sense of coherence”.

Danny, surrounding environments that were associated with The Interview Process & Result: psycological well-being as related to “sense of communi1. Participants: 3. Outcomes: ty” and “sense of coherence”.

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The Interview Process & Result: 1. Participants:

20s, Melbourne, Australia

settings or harmony between man-made and nature.

Basic Themes

Activities to connect with nature

Activities to connect with nature

Factors effect feeling Factors effect feeling

Activities to social connection

Surrounding environments will effect our emotion and behavior which plays a Surrounding environments vital role in overal will effect our emotion well-ness. and behavior which plays a vital role in overal well-ness.

Prompts are needed to encourage Prompts are community needed to encourage community

Codes

Surrounded by nature Codes

Stayed in greenery open space Nature trips

Surrounded by nature

of houseopen or even StayedOut in greenery spaceurban area Nature trips Fresh air

place Out of house or even urban Tranquil area

Activities to social connection

Nature sound - ocean Fresh air waves, wind, bird songs...

Tranquil place

Animal/ Birds/ Living creatures

Nature sound - ocean waves, wind, bird songs...

Volunteer/ clubs/ class activities Animal/ Birds/ Living creatures Eating together Volunteer/ clubs/ class activities

Hang out with friends

Eating together

Topic of conversation

Hang out with friends

Location & Situation

Topic of conversation

Barriers prevent social interaction

Barriers prevent social interaction

Personality

Location & Situation Personality

Too busy

Language barrier

Too busy

Social Status

Language barrier

3. Outcomes:

By using thematic analysis, I categorized data into similarBythemes and connected into a logical thematic analysis,them I categorized data into similar 3.using Outcomes: The Interview Process & Result: network model.

The overall data were presented as a model. themes and connectedthem into a logical network 1. Participants: Bymap using thematic analysis, I categorized data into The overall data were presented as a database mapsimilar below. database below. themes and connectedthem into a logical network model.

Interviewees provided their perspectives to the subjects Interviewees provided their perspectives to the The overall datamain werevital presented as transcended a database map below. that reveal three themes subjects that reveal three main vital themes tran- elements Interviewees provided their perspectives to the subjects of two studied theories (Appendix A) into daily life scended elements of two studied theories (Appendix

that reveal three main vitalmentioned themes transcended elements practice.

In particular, the components are A) into daily life practice.

In particular, the mentioned

20 - 50 20 - 30 of two studied theories (Appendix A) into daily life as Managebility and Meaningfulness (Sense of Coherence)

practice. particular, mentioned components are components areInManageability andwork-life Meaningfulness how people took care ofthetheir balance, created

20 - 50 20 - 30 Managebility and Meaningfulness (Sense of Coherence) as (Sensetheir of Coherence) as how peoplethings, took care way to deal with uncertain andofalso pointed how people took care of their work-life balance, created 2. Questionaire: their work-life balance, role created their way to dealand withmental out the important of nature in physical their way to deal with uncertain things, and also pointed 2. Questionnaire: uncertain things, and also pointed out the important health; Membership, Integration and fulfilment of needs, and 2. Questionaire: out the important role of nature in physical and mental The detail question list and brief transcripts of proceedings role ofShared emotional connection Community) what nature in physical and (Sense mental Memhealth; Membership, Integration andofhealth; fulfilment of needs,asand were recorded thelist question ordered matrixof(Appendix B) bership, they needed to address stressful situations somehow Thequestion detailatquestion listbrief and brief transcripts of proceedings The detail and transcripts Integration and fulfilment of needs, and Shared emotional connection (Sense of Community) as what which were I usedrecorded as a framework management. relied theirconnection relationship with others. at the question ordered matrix (Appendix B)Shared theyon needed to address stressful situations somehow proceedings were recorded atfor theinformation question ordered emotional (Sense of Community) which I used as a framework for information management. relied on their relationship with others. matrix (Appendix B) which I used as a framework for as what they needed to address stressful situations information management. somehow relied on their relationship with others.

Basic Themes

Chance for social interaction Chance for social interaction

Pandemic situation

Social Status

An attractive Pandemic situation element; interesting thing or event

An attractive element; Needing interesting thingspecific or eventreason for

connecting to other peope

To be with our loved people and To be with our feel sercure, loved people and comfort and peace feel sercure, is the most ideal comfort and peace is thestress-free most ideal zone stress-free zone

Ideal place to relieve stress

Ideal place to relieve stress

Needing specific reason for connecting to other peope Peace & Relaxation Peace & Relaxation Sport/ Physical activities Sport/ Physical activities Learn, try new things Learn, their try new thingsproblems...

Share stories,

Ways to stress Waysrelieve to

relieve stress

Share their stories, problems...

Get away from their city/ area

Get away from their city/ area

Quick escape from reality

Quick escape from reality

Stayed with family, friends, lover...

Stayed with family, friends, lover...

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Xuan Truc Nguyen | Design Heals

INTERVIEW

stress. Sounds very DATAreduce counter-intuitive but being “...go to a public space to reduce with a lot of noise and peostress. Sounds very counter-intuitive ple but can sometimes make me “...go to awith public space reduce being a lot of to noise and stress.

Sounds counter-intuitive forget about my very problem people can sometimes makeand me forget but being with a lot of noise and stress. ” -my Danny, 20s, about problem and stress. ” people canAustralia sometimes make me forget Melbourne, - Danny, 20s, Melbourne, Australia

Organising Themes

To connect with nature means closed to natural settings or To connect with harmony between nature means man-made and closed to natural nature.

INTERVIEW DATA “...go to a public space to

Based on literature review, I set research questions into context include three subjects: Nature and Proximity, Social Connection, and Mental Health issues - Stress, Anxiety and Depression. Every interview, I began a brief introduction and explanation Based with on literature review, I set research questionsofinto my research project, I tried to askand around 3-5 context include threethen subjects: Nature Proximity, questions for each theme, together with follow-up Social Connection, and Mental Health issues - Stress, questions to elicit more information from the interAnxietyBased and Depression.

Every Iinterview, I began withinto a on literature review, set research questions brief introduction andthree explanation of my research context include subjects: Nature and Proximity, viewees because, fundamentally, I was involved inproject, the Social Connection, -theme, Stress, then I that triedcould to askbe around 3-5Mental questions eachinforstories told.and The resultHealth wasfor a issues rich Anxiety and Depression.

Every interview, I began together with follow-up questions to elicit more informamation about the way people perceived surroundingwith a briefthe introduction andbecause, explanation of my research project, tion from interviewees fundamentally, I was environments thattowere associated with psychological then I tried ask around 3-5 questions for each theme, involved in the stories that could be told. The result was a well-being as related to “sensequestions of community” and informatogether with follow-up elicit more rich information about the way people to perceived “sense oftion coherence”. from the interviewees because, fundamentally, surrounding environments that were associated with I was

Organising Themes

Xuan Truc Nguyen | Design Heals

Images: National Gallery of Victoria International , photo from Visit Victoria.

ON-SITE OBSERVATION Museum Observation The area I had conducted my observation is NGV international, both at permanence collections and ongoing series of additional event. This was executed during Tuesday to Thursday, and Saturday, between 12pm and 4pm. By using bar chart (page 32-33),I had noted down the amount of time people would spend at each place I chose to observe and then categorized data into four groups.

My research started when NGV had The 2020–21 NGV Triennial event, “the exhibition, which attracted more than 520,000 visitors during its run, showcased works by more than 100 artists, designers and collectives from 30 countries, with 34 newly commissioned works from a mixture of both Australian and international artists” (The Age, 2021). Thanks to this large event, I got a chance to collect more data about people circulation, the quality interaction from people of all backgrounds to others and spaces.

“A truly iconic Melbourne building, the gallery has been totally redesigned to house one of the most impressive collections in the Southern Hemisphere” Visit Victoria -31

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For observation research, I chose the National Gallery of Victoria, the grand modernist building on St Kilda Road and near Flinder Station. As this is one of Australian’s oldest and most well-known art museum in Melbourne, the architecture is undoubtedly worth to study as well as an extraordinary visual arts experience that attracted people.

OBSERVATION ANALYSIS The key questions I took to investigate in regard to my research are how building could attract new audiences and maintained the old ones, why the museum is noticed as community anchor and what people considered a sense of community after they visited and left.

Figure 9 -Botanical pavilion, 2020

Xuan Truc Nguyen | Design Heals

Figure 5 - Kinetic Artwork exhibition

1. WATER FEATURE

2. Giant classic artwork

3. digital art

4. Interactive art

At the entrance, the fountain icon and the water wall kept people hanging out for a quite some time before went into the building (Figure 1 & 2) which isn’t unusually to see people gathering around water features. Visitors, especially children loved running their fingers through the streaming water flowing down the water wall. The sound of water helped to obscure the unpleasant noise of traffic, which could take a visitor's attention away from the space's soothing beauty.

Furthermore, a variety kinds of birds and insects were charmed by this water source which made outdoor space more vibrant and attracted people.

The second place is a room with a stunning stained glass ceiling The Great Hall (Figure 3), where people took pleasure in lying on the ground below and got lost in the mosaic glass as colour dance.

I saw people came and start some conservations about what they had seen in the exhibition near by, or just few small-talks expressed their compliments.

When I stayed in here, I felt like it a community centre. It allowed everyone to interact with neighbours, exchange ideas and viewpoints, and become a more involved member of the community.

The cultivation of conversation was also promoted by digital displays from “Quantum Memories” at the centre NGV (Figure 4) to other kinetic artworks (Figure 5&6) where provided an excuse to sit after a long walk around museum and spent time look at a dynamic art object. Compared to other spaces like art display room or artefact showcase, these kinetic artworks drew more attention due to the creative potential of computer, visual appeal, accompanying audio and its ability to change after every seconds.

People loved new things.

Last but not least, the installation arts (Figure 7-9) were the interest spots that made pedestrians wander about and bring people together. Owing to the fact that it is a three-dimensional form of art, It encouraged visitors to access the space and observed the artwork from a certain perspective. This art form is popular among many visitors because it was noticeably interactive. As a public observers, they saw the beauty of the art, touch it, smell it, and sometimes it is coloured attractively. People took it as a topic to open a talk with the one who stood next to them. These arts had a story to tell, hence, people would be inspired.

Figure 1 - The water wall

Figure 6 - Video installation, Level 1

Figure 7 - Light Art Installation

Figure 4 - Quantum Memories designed by Refik Anadol

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Figure 8 - Cerith Wyn Evans

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Figure 3 - NGV Great Hall

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Average number of hour per day that visitors spend on one place in NGV

Figure 2 - Outdoor landscaping

T hematic Coding Schema

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Findings

Summing up the results, I found out that when mentioned about an individual’s health and well-being people tended to considered on social support and nature connection, meanwhile the main focused of healthcare architecture and other general designs were exclusively about spatial functions that support human recovery from illness and scarcely were not aware of the way social engagement (informed in Literature Review). A positive social contact is essential for psychological and physiological health which can be promoted by spacial design where happens social interaction.

due to a particular concentration on these social aspects. In contrast, the observation research has focalized in the impacts of architectural elements by the exhibition spatial design. The third preliminary data shows the effect of architectural details on involving social interaction and assisting museum's audience development were inextricably liked with environmental movements. Unexpectedly, digital artwork drew more visitors' attention and fostered communication in public place than the traditional ones.

Also, the scale of feature plays a vital part in the amount of time visitors spend in that area. The longer they could keep people, the more likely these people would start to socialize.

Key findings that answering my research question from this study include the evidence that both natural and urban settings can be comprehended as the restorative environment, all of which results pointed out that green spaces and human interaction are the essential part of a healing process. The observation research revealed that the quality of social connection could remarkably increase if participants stayed in an interesting built environment. People found a sense of coherence in some common spaces which were not applied salutogenic in its design, hence the restorative potential of any place is not limited in its design framework.

The architecture profession has a very real ability to provide ideal healing conditions by embracing innovation technique, adapting new ideas which increases social engagement. According to the data from literature review, architect should provide simple and natural way-finding, spacial arrangements and interior furnishing that bring a feeling of control ability, a purpose and meaning to patients and create an emotional affinity toward nature. The primary data revealed the importance of nature connectedness and social engagement in urban environment on fostering the locals well-being, in which include reducing stress, anxiety and depression, and improving social quality. But there is a gap in psychological supportive design studies that what is the ideal spatial framework for the built environment to stimulate the mind, motivate a person’s sense of coherence in order to induce a sense of well-being. That also once mentioned in a systematic review of the literature about healthcare environment, conducted in England (Daykin and Byrne, 2006).

The goal with this project is not to prove some technology or new treatment method, but to raise awareness on the influence of architecture in human mental health through its ability to foster the healing process and promote social engagement.

The findings in this paper offer prospects for future research drawing attention to the effect of physical environment on human health and the recovery process after illness.

Limitation The first limitation of this study is there is no correct single way to point out exactly how “Sense of Community” and “ Sense of Coherence” appeared in any specific form of life as the data collected. Everything is based on my perception about translating what people had done and compared it with my studied theories.

Secondly, the study was conducted on mentally normal participant for interview research and the rest of other studies are unknown health conditions which mean these results are not totally consistent with literrature review. Thirdly, the concentration on some specify hashtags in social media data mining, some other relevant keywords outside of the chosen hashtag group may have been neglected.

I create this project without any collaboration with professional scientific research institution about mental health, hence some evidence could not be examined its true value. I have been working on predictive emotion-classification models based on secondary data and then applied these into design.

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The results presented in social media and interview data indicate that the social function and nature connectedness ability of a space significantly determine its potential for helping people dealing with stress, anxiety and sadness during the global pandemic period which perceived as restorativeness value. In addition, people can narrow the gap between negative thought and positive one, only when they believe in their ability to solve the problem from within. Therefore, the attention to stress recovery, restorative environments are always correlated to human and nature where bring a feeling of calm, transcend people from a painful reality to a tranquil space with or without being alone as a short escape. But these outcomes told me little about the consequences of the built environment itself,

Discussion

Design Brief

Human are social animal and the isolation that COVID-19 has put is debilitating and change how people interact with space and each other. Not only does it affect physical and mental health but it also prohibits people from effectively socializing, which is a basic human need. Social isolation poses the risks to society of growing social rejection, increasing impersonality and individualism, and the lack of a sense of community.

First and foremost, the fear of others, as well as the notion that others are possible carriers of dangerous disease. And long after the pandemic, this psychological impact can still linger in our societies. Physical interactions, however, are the key factor influencing human social experience, and they are particularly special importance to young people's social growth.

Secondly, long-term isolation deprives people of fundamental human needs. As a matter of fact, feeling insufficiently connected to others is associated with profound and lasting negative consequences on physical and mental health, including contributing to a rise in mortality.

We all want social connection and security, explain what type of security allows people to connect without being afraid of the Pandemic. Getting back a sense of normalcy.

VISION I want to design a mental health-promoting lifestyle centre where people can recovery from mental health issues such as stress, anxiety, grief, and depression by immersing themselves into a multi-sensory space series. In a simple term, a place design to support people managing their mental illness well to be able to live a meaningful life. It is defined as a healing journey and a personal recovery rather than clinical where cultivate genuine self-worth, self-compassion from the quality time of solitude and gathering along with the sheer beauty of nature and interior architecture coincide to inspire introspection and awe. It gives us a sense of safety and living in a society feels like a community.

I feel this is necessary in the current environment where we are so focused on rational things outside ourselves. I believe that there are the connections, meaning and association people make in their daily life to what they're feel and impact both their mental and physical health. Especially, in times of global pandemic and increasing stress, maintaining and strengthening our social relationships, as well as taking care of our mental health, is more crucial than ever.

users

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People who struggle with mental health illness such as stress, fear, anxiety, grief and depression; as well as the general residents with a diverse demographics.

Name: Fox Classic Car Collection Former Name: Queen's Warehouse Address:749-755 Collins St Docklands VIC 3008, Melbourne Description: Museum in Docklands, Victoria that’s registered as a heritage building. The Queen's Warehouse was erected in 1890 for H.M. Customs. It is two storeys, of brick with cast iron internal columns,was designed by Alexander James Macdonald in 1889-90.

Design Some factors that will take into account for my final design outcome: • Community concerns • Heritage preservations • Salutogenic Design Practice • Multi-sensory Design Practice • Sustainable Design Approach

Reason: The site is located next to Yara River and surrounded by parks which can make outstanding contribution to design a healing space. Furthermore, there are many residence buildings nearby and they can make the most of this community centre, especially who lost their job because of COVID-19.

Finally, yet importantly, I want to revitalize a historic building, utilize an old structure to create a revitalized form in its own distinct way. Where heritage buildings can no longer function with its original use, proposing a new function is inevitable in order to preserve the significance of the heritage building while providing for occupants' modern needs.

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Xuan Truc Nguyen | Design Heals

INSIGHT

Xuan Truc Nguyen | Design Heals

This research has identified some core value of an built environment that can promote human well-being in both physical and mental levels. The litterature review encompassed from salutogenic, biophilia and multi-sensory design practices to the general therapeutic approach that foster healing relationship between human and their built environment. Addressing the benefits of every single practice in healing process from others' studies has informed a foundation informations for the prelimary research. It has been noted that literature review includes a variety of proven evidences how architectures integrate health, science and innovation in the creation of healthy built environment for reducing mental health inequalities. The data collected by qualitative methods has focused on the perspective of random people about "the sense of coherence" and "sense of community" in oder to comparing it with the designers' perspective.

In conclusion, it draws together the relevant historical, current policy, along with social and cultural background in order to encourage further ideas, practices, discussions, and collaborations in searching for a healing space.

Images: Many Ways, 2015 by Abigail Reynolds

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Conclusion

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Fisher, J (2011) Architectures, Therapeutics, Aesthetics, The Senses and Society, 6:2, 250-254.

Appendix A:

Xuan Truc Nguyen | Design Heals

Sense of Community "The perception of similarity to others, an acknowledged interdependence with others, a willingness to maintain this interdependence by giving to, or doing for others what one expects from them, the feeling that one is part of a larger dependable and stable structure" (Sarason, 1974, p. 157).

Membership is Member's sentiments of ownership and consist of limits that enable people to determine the conditions of their interactions with others.

Along similar line, to put it simply, McMillan had already noted that “Sense of community is a feeling that members have of belonging, a feeling that members matter to one another and to the group, and a shared faith that members’ needs will be met through their commitment to be together ” (McMillan, 1976).

Integration and fulfilment of Needs, which, McMillan and Chavis ordinarily called in another simpler term - Reinforcement (1986). It as a behavioural motivator, is the feeling of reward that make members participate in, invest, or consume.

A Shared Emotional Connection is based on a shared history and a shared participation, as well as the unique characteristics of the activities, can either help or hinder the community's connection.

“A global orientation that expresses the extent to which one has a pervasive, enduring though dynamic feeling of confidence that (1) the stimuli deriving from one's internal and external environments in the course of living are structured, predictable and explicable; (2) the resources are available to one to meet the demands posed by these stimuli; and (3) these demands are challenges, worthy of investment and engagement ” (Antonovsky 1987, p. 19) It is first known in 1979 from Aaron Antonovsky's book Health, Stress and Coping, which led to the development of salutogenic architecture. The term is used to explain why the quality of person’s environment was a key factor influencing a person's ability to face and overcome the lifestress experience.

A sense of coherence has three components: Comprehensibility, Manageablity and Meaningfulness.

Comprehensibility: Believe that all is done in an organised and consistent way and grasp circumstances in our life and reasonably foresee what is going to happen in the future. To put it simply, you couldn't cope with a stressor until you believed you knew clearly what the problem is.

Manageability: A belief that things are manageable and under your power and that you have the requisite expertise or abilities, guidance, assistance, or tools to solve the problem.

Meaningfulness: It is “the emotional sense as a way of looking at life as worth living, providing the motivational force which leads one to seek to order the world and to transform resources from potential to actuality” (Antonovsky, 1990, p. 79).

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A formation of a sense of community includes four components: Membership, Influence, Integration and fulfilment of needs, and Shared emotional connection ( McMillan & Chavis, 1986).

Influence is the feeling that members have a certain control in a group and vice versa.

Sense of Coherence

Appendix Appendix B: B: Nature and Proximity

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Social Connection

Appendix B: Appendix B: Mental Health issues - Stress, Anxiety and Depression

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